ABSTRACT Corn, Zea mays (L.), is one of the most expressive crops in Brazil, due to its wide-ranging uses as animal feeding, biofuel production or used for human consumption. However, there is a huge gap between the actual yield and the natural yield potential of the crop, due to insects’ attack. Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) is a key corn pest in seed producing regions, due to its attack on corn ears. Plant resistance is a valuable tool for Integrated Pest Management systems and may maintain insect populations at a level that is below an economic or damage threshold. This study aimed to evaluate the biological performance of L. zonatus in different corn genotypes, under laboratory conditions, searching for possible characterization of antibiosis/antixenosis. To achieve this goal, ten nymphs (1st instar) were transferred to polyvinylchloride (PVC) ring containing a corn ear (R6) of each genotype. Each ring corresponded to one replicate, for a total of five replicates per genotype in a completely randomized design. The parameters assessed included the duration of each instar, nymphal period, nymphal survival (%), percentage of mortality of each nymphal stage, adult longevity, and adult weight. The results demonstrate that XB 8018 Bt, 30F53, IAC Airan, XB 8030 and 30F53 YHR genotypes reduced the mean survival and caused high mortality of L. zonatus nymphs at the second instar (above 75.00%) indicating the occurrence of antibiosis/antixenosis. The higher mortality rates were observed at the second nymphal instar. Corn L., L , (L.) Brazil wideranging wide ranging feeding consumption However crop insects Dallas (Dallas Hemiptera (Hemiptera Coreidae regions ears threshold conditions antibiosisantixenosis antibiosis antixenosis antibiosis/antixenosis goal 1st st PVC (PVC R6 R (R6 replicate design period %, % (%) stage longevity weight 801 Bt F Airan 803 30F5 above 75.00% 7500 75 00 (L. (R (% 80 30F 75.00 750 7 0 (L ( 8 75.0 75.

ABSTRACT The Mexican bean weevil Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) has become one of the main pests of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Fabaceae) worldwide. The association of resistant bean varieties with botanical insecticides has a great potential for controlling the pest, but it has been little studied so far. Therefore, the present study aimed at selecting a botanical insecticide and evaluating its combined effect with an arcelin-bearing common bean resistant genotype against Z. subfasciatus. We evaluated three botanical insecticides, the rotenone-based Roteline® and the neem-based NeemSeto® and NeemPro®, on the development of the insect. NeemPro® was the most effective, presenting ovicidal effect and prolonging egg-to-adult period, being selected for the following bioassay. Then we evaluated the effect of NeemPro® combined with the resistant common bean genotype IAC 818 (RAZ-59) on some biological parameters of the pest. The most severe effects on Z. subfasciatus were caused by the resistant genotype. However, significant effects in some parameters of the pest were also verified for the botanical insecticide and for its combination with this resistance type/trait in the conditions of the experiment. Boheman (Boheman Coleoptera, Coleoptera (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Bruchinae Phaseolus L. L Fabaceae (Fabaceae worldwide far Therefore arcelinbearing arcelin bearing Z rotenonebased rotenone based Roteline neembased neem NeemSeto NeemPro insect effective eggtoadult egg to adult period bioassay 81 RAZ59 RAZ 59 (RAZ-59 However typetrait type trait experiment 8 RAZ5 5 (RAZ-5 (RAZ- (RAZ

Abstract The aim of this study was to gather data on the incidence of fungi associated with peanut seeds stored in their pods, before being processed by the State of São Paulo seed-producing companies, and the relation of the fungi to the seed damage caused by insects and to the quality of the stored seeds. Samples were taken from seed lots of cultivars IAC 886 and IAC 503 stored by these companies at the beginning and end of a six-month storage period. The peanut seeds were shelled and half of each sample was treated with fludioxonil + metalaxyl. Untreated and treated seeds were analyzed for moisture content, germination, vigor and health. The following insects were found to damage the peanut seeds: Cyrtomenus mirabilis (Perty) (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) and Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Both species reduced seed quality. When present, fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium and Rhizopus infected seeds and seedlings during the germination process and were considered the main limiting factor for obtaining normal seedlings. Nevertheless, despite their presence, peanut seeds maintained their germination capacity and vigor after six months of storage in their pods.

Avaliou-se, em condições de laboratório, a resistência de genótipos de tomateiro, Lycopersicum esculentum(Miller) (cv. ‘Santa Clara' e híbridos: Saladete Italiano Ty Tyna, Santa Cruz Débora Ty, Salada Lumi e Saladete Italiano Andrea Victory), Lycopersicum hirsutum f. glabratum (C.H. Mull.) (linhagens PI 134417 e PI 134418) e Lycopersicum pimpinellifolium (Just) (linhagens NAV 1062 e PI 126931) sobre Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). A linhagem PI 134418 foi, dentre os genótipos avaliados, a que apresentou efeito mais negativo sobre T. absoluta, em relação à testemunha (Santa Clara), alongando a fase larval, reduzindo a sobrevivência larval e a sobrevivência global. A linhagem PI 134417 também prejudicou o desenvolvimento de T. absoluta, alongando a fase larval e reduzindo a sobrevivência larval. Os demais genótipos não apresentaram efeito negativo sobre a biologia de T. absoluta. Concluiu-se que PI 126931 é suscetível, e NAV 1062, Santa Clara, Tyna, Débora, Lumi e Andrea Victory são altamente suscetíveis a T. absoluta, enquanto PI 134418 e PI 134417 destacaram-se com alta resistência e moderada resistência, respectivamente, a T. absoluta, do tipo antibiose.

The resistance of tomato genotypes, Lycopersicon esculentum (Miller) (cv. Santa Clara, hybrids: Saladette Italian Ty Tyna, Santa Cruz Débora Ty, Salad Lumi and Saladette Italian Andrea Victory), Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum (C,H, Mull.) (lines PI 134417 and PI 134418) and Lycopersicum pimpinellifolium (Just) (lines NAV 1062 and PI 126931) to Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) was evaluated under laboratory conditions. The line PI 134418 had the most negative effect on T. absoluta in comparison to the control (Santa Clara), lengthening the larval stage and reducing larval and global survival. The line PI 134417 also affected the development of T. absoluta lengthening the larval stage and reducing the larval survival. The other genotypes showed no negative effect on the biology of T. absoluta. We concluded that PI 126931 is susceptible and NAV 1062, Santa Clara, Tyna, Débora, Lumi and Andrea Victory are highly susceptible to T. absoluta, whereas PI 134418 and PI 134417 highlighted with high resistance and moderate resistance, respectively, to T. absoluta of antibiosis-type.

Avaliou-se o efeito dos danos ocasionados por S. frugiperda na produtividade de híbridos de milho convencionais e suas versões isogênicas transgênicas com diferentes toxinas Bt, em condições de campo. Experimentos foram instalados nas localidades de Campinas e Mococa, nas safras 2010/2011 e 2011/2012, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com 12 tratamentos e quatro repetições. As variáveis avaliadas foram: produtividade de grãos, massa de cem grãos e rendimento de grãos. Para a avaliação dos danos ocasionados por S. frugiperda, verificou-se a intensidade das injúrias foliares por meio de escala visual de notas, com variação de 0 a 9, dos 15 dias até os 60 dias após a semeadura. Menores notas de danos causados por S. frugiperda são verificadas em híbridos transgênicos. A maioria dos híbridos convencionais não difere em produtividade de grãos de pelo menos uma de suas versões isogênicas transgênicas. Os mesmos híbridos de milho com toxinas Bt diferentes podem apresentar comportamentos produtivos diferentes em condições de campo. Toxinas Bt diferentes respondem de forma distinta em relação aos danos ocasionados por S. frugiperda.

This study evaluated the effect of damage caused by S. frugiperda on yield of maize hybrids and their conventional and isogenic transgenic versions, with different Bt toxins, in field conditions. Experiments were conducted in the municipalities of Campinas and Mococa, São Paulo State, Brazil, in the growing seasons of 2010/2011 and 2011/2012, in a randomized complete block design, with 12 treatments and four replications. The variables evaluated were: grain productivity, one hundred grain weight and grain yield. For the assessment of damage caused by S. frugiperda was verified the intensity of leaf injuries through visual scale of notes, with variation of 0 and 9, from 15 to 60 days after sowing. Lower scores of damage caused by S. frugiperda were found in transgenic hybrids. Most conventional hybrids do not differ in grain productivity from at least one of isogenic transgenic versions. The same maize hybrid with different Bt toxins may have different productive behavior in field conditions. Different Bt toxins respond differently to damage caused by S. frugiperda.

Com os objetivos de avaliar a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de amendoim armazenadas no estado de São Paulo, identificar os principais insetos e fungos que ocorrem nessas condições e as possíveis injúrias causadas que possam prejudicar a qualidade dessas sementes, amostragens de lotes das cultivares IAC 886 e IAC 503, produzidas nas safras 2010/11 e 2011/12, foram realizadas em quatro épocas: antes do armazenamento, antes do beneficiamento, após o beneficiamento e após o tratamento químico. As sementes foram analisadas quanto ao teor de água, germinação, vigor e sanidade. O beneficiamento não melhorou a qualidade das sementes de amendoim. As principais pragas associadas às sementes foram Cyrtomenus mirabilis (Perty) e Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton). Os fungos mais frequentes foram os dos gêneros Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium e Rhizopus. Durante o armazenamento houve aumento na incidência de Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. e Rhizopus sp. e redução da ocorrência de Fusarium sp. O tratamento das sementes de amendoim, após o beneficiamento, é imprescindível para serem obtidos padrões aceitáveis à sua comercialização.

Physiological and sanitary quality of peanut seeds stored in the state of São Paulo were assessed in seed lots of cultivars IAC 886 and IAC 503 harvested in the 2010/11 and 2011/12 growing seasons. Evaluations also included the identification and damages caused by fungi and insects occurring in these conditions. Seed sampling and evaluations were done in four stages of the seed storing and processing: before storage, before shelling, after shelling and after seed treatment. Seeds were analyzed for water content, germination and vigor, and evaluated for sanity. Shelling did not improve physiological and sanitary quality of the seeds. Cyrtomenus mirabilis (Perty) and Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) were the main insects found. The fungi most frequently detected were those of genus Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium and Rhizopus. Increased occurrence of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Rhizopus, and decreased occurrence of Fusarium were noted during the storage period. Seed treatment after shelling was proved to be essential for reaching the necessary quality standard of commercial seeds.

The parameters of survival, development and reproduction of Podisus nigrispinus Dallas, 1851 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) may be affected by feeding on soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.; Fabaceae) cultivars. The direct effect was evaluated of the insect-resistant soybean ’IAC-24’ (insect-susceptible soybean ’UFVS-2006’ + pupae of Tenebrio molitor L., 1758 Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae versus ’IAC-24’ plants + pupae of T. molitor) in the nymph and adult stages of the predator P. nigrispinus. The duration of the nymph stage was similar between treatments, but ’IAC-24’ reduced the duration of the IV instar of this predator. The survival of P. nigrispinus was similar between treatments in the instars I, II, IV and V and in the nymph stage, but the survival of the III instar was longer with ’IAC-24’ plants. The body mass of nymphs in the first day of the III, IV, and V instars after ecdysis and newly emerged adults; reproductive characteristics (periods of pre-oviposition, oviposition, post-oviposition and egg incubation; egg laying interval, number of egg masses per female, nymphs per female, nymphs per egg mass and percentage of nymphs hatching) and life span of males and females of P. nigrispinus were similar between treatments. The resistant soybean ’IAC-24’ showed no direct deleterious effects on P. nigrispinus, which implies its innocuity and compatibility with this predator.

Los par ámetros de supervivencia, desarrollo y reproducción de Podìsus nìgrìspìnus Dallas, 1851 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) pueden verse afectados por la alimentación en cultivos de soya (Glycìne max L. Merr.; Fabaceae). Se evaluó el efecto directo de la soya ’IAC-24’ resistente a insectos (soya ’UFVS-2006’ susceptible a insectos + pupas de Tenebrìo molìtor L., 1758 Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae vs. plantas ’IAC-24’ + pupas de T. molìtor) sobre los estados de ninfa y adulto del depredador P. nìgrìspìnus. La duración del estado ninfal fue similar entre tratamientos, no obstante ’IAC-24’ redujo la duración del IV estado de este depredador. La supervivencia de P. nìgrìspìnus fue similar entre los tratamientos en los estados I, II, IV y V y en el estado de ninfa, la supervivencia del estado III fue mayor con las plantas ’IAC-24’. La masa corporal de las ninfas en el primer día, en los estados III, IV, y V después de la ecdisis y adultos recién emergidos; características reproductivas (períodos de pre-oviposición, oviposición, post-oviposición e incubación de los huevos; intervalo de colocación de los huevos, número de masa de huevos por hembra, ninfas por hembra, ninfas por masa de huevos y porcentaje de eclosión de ninfas) y vida útil de machos y hembras de P. nìgrìspìnus fueron similares entre los tratamientos. La soya resistente ’IAC-24’ no mostró efectos nocivos directos en P. nìgrìspìnus, lo que implica su inocuidad y compatibilidad con este depredador.

Tomato cropping (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under protected cultivation using substrates and drip fertigation has improved sustainable production systems especially fruit quality and plant health. However, little is known for tomato plants when considering the interaction between substrate volume and irrigation frequency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) fiber substrate volumes and drip irrigation frequencies on the vegetative growth and fruit yield of tomato plants under greenhouse conditions. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks arranged in a 3 × 2 factorial with four replicates. Treatments consisted of three substrate volumes (5.0; 7.5 and 10.0 L per plant) and two irrigation frequencies (once and five times per day). Leaf area index tended to increase in plants grown with the largest substrate volume (10 L). Although substrate volumes affected shoot dry matter, no effects on tomato yield and its components were observed. However, plants grown with 5 L of substrate and irrigated once a day produced a greater number of non-marketable fruit due to the higher incidence of calcium deficiency symptoms (blossom end rot). When plants were grown in 5 L or 7.5 L of substrate volume, high irrigation frequency favored the vegetative growth, stomatal conductance, CO2 assimilation and transpiration and fruit yield. Fruit yield and healthy fruits were favored by high irrigation frequency and did not depend on the substrate volume.

A constituição genética de cada cultivar de milho é fator preponderante para determinar o nível de dano provocado pela lagarta-do-cartucho, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); contudo, são escassas as informações sobre o desempenho de diversas cultivares comerciais em relação ao ataque da praga. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, identificar cultivares de milho menos danificadas pela lagarta-do-cartucho em condições de campo, visando aprimorar o manejo em áreas com histórico de altas infestações da praga e fornecer subsídios para programas de melhoramento genético. O trabalho foi realizado no período da safra de verão, anos agrícolas de 2006/2007 e 2007/2008; e da safrinha, ano agrícola 2007 nos municípios de Capão Bonito (SP), Tatuí (SP) e Coroados (SP). Em cada campo experimental foram realizados dois experimentos, sendo um para híbridos simples e triplos (HST) e outro para híbridos duplos e variedades (HDV). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com três e quatro repetições para HST e HDV respectivamente. Avaliou-se a injúria foliar provocada pela lagarta-do-cartucho após infestação natural, com base em escala de notas variando de 1 a 10. Constatou-se diferença significativa entre as cultivares em relação à injúria da lagarta-do-cartucho pelo teste F (P<0,05). Os resultados permitiram concluir que as cultivares DKB 390 (híbrido simples) e DKB 979 (híbrido triplo) são menos danificadas, constituindo germoplasma promissor quanto à resistência à lagarta-do-cartucho.

The genetics of maize cultivars is one of the factors that influence on damage level caused by fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); however, there is no information about performance of commercial cultivars for this pest attack. The aim of the present research was to identify maize cultivars less damaged by the fall armyworm under field conditions, which could be used as an additional tool for managing the pest in areas with history of high infestations, as well as for genetic breeding programs. The experiments were accomplished during the summer season 2006/2007 and 2007/2008; and off-season 2007, in Capão Bonito (SP), Coroados (SP) e Tatuí (SP). Two experiments were set up in each area, one with simple and triple hybrids (HST) and other with double hybrids and varieties (HDV). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with three and four replications for HST and HDV, respectively. The leaf injury caused by fall armyworm under natural infestation was evaluated using a rating scale ranging from 1 to 10. There were significant differences among cultivars for leaf injury, with the cultivars DKB 390 (simple hybrid) and DKB 979 (triple hybrid) being less damaged. These cultivars may serve as potential sources of resistance against the fall armyworm.

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito dos sais cloreto de cálcio (CaCl2), cloreto de sódio (NaCl) e cloreto de potássio (KCl) na germinação de Crotalaria juncea L. As sementes foram acondicionadas em caixas tipo gerbox, forradas com duas folhas de papel-filtro e umedecidas com as soluções-teste. Em cada tratamento foram utilizadas 200 sementes, dispostas em quatro repetições de 50 sementes. A indução do estresse salino foi realizada com soluções de NaCl, CaCl2 e KCl com potenciais osmóticos de 0; -0,4; -0,8; -1,2;-1,6 e -2,0 MPa. Foram realizadas avaliações de porcentagem de germinação, fitotoxicidade, tamanho de plântulas, matéria seca e IVG. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial (3x5)+1, composto pelas três fontes salinas em cinco doses e uma solução- teste. O aumento da concentração de KCl provocou toxicidade, prejudicando o IVG, a porcentagem de germinação e o crescimento de plântulas de C. juncea, enquanto as concentrações de NaCl e o CaCl2 não interferiram significativamente na germinação das sementes e no vigor de plântulas.

This study was carried out in order to evaluate the effect of calcium chloride (CaCl2), sodium chloride (NaCl), and potassium chloride (KCl) salts on germination of Crotalaria juncea L. seeds. The seeds were placed in gerbox boxes lined with two filter paper sheets and wet with test-solution. In each treatment, 200 seeds were used, distributed in four replicates of 50 seeds. The induction of the salt stress was done with solutions of NaCl, CaCl2 and KCl with osmotic potential of 0, -0.4, -0.8, -1.2, -1.6, and -2.0 MPa. Germination percentage, phytotoxicity, seedling size, mass of dry matter, and IVG were assessed. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a (3x5)+1 factorial structure, composed of three salt sources in five levels and a test-solution. The increasing concentration of KCl caused toxicity, hindering the IVG, the germination percentage. and the seedling growth of C. juncea, while the concentrations of NaCl and CaCl2 did not cause significant difference in seed germination and seedling vigor.

A mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci biótipo B é uma praga de grande importância econômica para muitas culturas em todo o mundo. No Brasil, especialmente no Estado da Bahia, essa praga causou perdas que variam entre 30% e 70% em cultura de algodão. Essa pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de avaliar parâmetros biológicos de B. tabaci biótipo B em genótipos de algodoeiro para verificar a possível ocorrência de antibiose como mecanismo de resistência sob condições de casa de vegetação. Os genótipos estudados foram IAC-23, Coodetec 406, BRS Aroeira, Fabrika, Coodetec 407, IAC-24, Makina, IAC 20-233, Coodetec 401 e CNPA Acala I. Foram avaliados os períodos de incubação e ninfal, o desenvolvimento total e a longevidade. Dos genótipos avaliados observou-se em Coodetec 406 maior período ninfal (14,7 dias) e IAC-23 a menor viabilidade de ninfas (30,7%), indicando a ocorrência de resistência do tipo antibiose contra essa mosca-branca.

The silverleaf whitefly Bemisia tabaci B biotype is an important pest of many crops throughout the world. In Brazil, specifically in the Bahia State, this insect caused losses estimated to 30-70% on cotton crops. The purpose of this research was to investigate biological parameters of the silverleaf whitefly biotype B in genotype of cotton bush to verify a possible occurrence of antibiosis as resistance mechanism cotton, under greenhouse conditions. The duration of the egg and nymphal stages, and the adult longevity of B. tabaci biotype B were evaluated in the genotypes IAC-23, Coodetec 406, BRS Aroeira, Fabrika, Coodetec 407, IAC-24, Makina, IAC 20-233, Coodetec 401 and CNPA Acala I. Among those evaluated genotypes, Coodetec 406 increased the nymph stage (14.7 days) and IAC-23 reduced the nymphal viability (30.7%), suggesting the occurrence of antibiosis against this whitefly.

Esse trabalho descreve pela primeira vez a ocorrência do aleirodídeo Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biótipo B colonizando maracujazeiros no Brasil. Também foi examinada a colonização de nove espécies de Passiflora pelo inseto em condições de telado. P. amethystina Mikan foi a espécie de maior preferência para oviposição e colonização, enquanto P. suberosa L., P. coriacea Juss. e duas espécies cultivadas comercialmente, P. alata Curtis e P. edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Degener, foram pouco colonizadas pelo aleirodídeo. P. morifolia Mast., P. cincinnata Mast., P. foetida L. e P. caerulea L. exibiram níveis intermediários de colonização. Esses resultados sugerem que certas espécies de Passiflora exibem diferentes graus de resistência à colonização ou preferência para oviposição de B. tabaci biótipo B.

This note is the first report of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B colonizing passionvine in Brazil. We examined the colonization of nine Passiflora species by a wild B type population under greenhouse conditions. P. amethystina Mikan was the most preferred species for oviposition and colonization, whereas P. suberosa L., P. coriacea Juss. and two commercially cultivated species, P. alata Curtis and P. edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Degener, were mostly uncolonised. P. morifolia Mast., P. cincinnata Mast., P. foetida L. and P. caerulea L. showed intermediate levels of colonization. Such differential colonization might suggest some degree of resistance by certain Passiflora species or oviposition preference by B. tabaci.

A mosca branca Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biótipo B é uma praga polífaga que ataca muitas culturas de importância econômica. O controle químico pode causar problemas como o aparecimento de resistência nesse inseto, resíduos nos produtos das culturas, ou mesmo poluição ambiental. Um método alternativo seria o controle biológico, com o parasitóide Encarsia formosa (Gahan), o mais usado contra moscas brancas a nível mundial. Avaliaram-se o tempo de desenvolvimento de ovo a adulto e a porcentagem de ninfas eclodidas de B. tabaci (Genn.) biótipo B em couve (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala D.C.), soja (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) e tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), bem como o desenvolvimento de ovo a adulto de E. formosa em ninfas de 1º, 2º, 3º e 4º ínstares dessa mosca-branca nessas três espécies vegetais. Os experimentos foram desenvolvidos em laboratório, a 25ºC, 70 ± 10% UR e 14 h de fotofase. O tempo de duração ovo-adulto de B. tabaci biótipo B foi mais curto em couve (19,8 dias) e mais longo em tomateiro (22,0 dias), ficando a soja (21,2 dias) em posição intermediária. A couve mostrou também a maior porcentagem de ninfas eclodidas comparativamente à soja e ao tomateiro. Com relação a E. formosa, independentemente da planta, o período ovo-adulto foi menor em ninfas de 3º e 4º ínstares, demonstrando que esse parasitóide se desenvolve melhor em ninfas mais desenvolvidas.

The silverleaf whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) B-biotype (= B. argentifolii) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a polyphagous insect attacking many plant species of economic importance. A comparison study was conducted on the duration of the egg-to-adult period, and the percentage of hatching eggs of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) B-biotype on collard (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala D.C.), soybean(Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants, as well as the egg-to-adult period of Encarsia formosa (Gahan) on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th whitefly nymphal instars on these three plant species. The experiments were conducted in a laboratory (25ºC, 70 ± 10% RH, 14-hour photophase). The duration of the egg-to-adult period of B. tabaci was 19.8 days on collard, 21.2 days on soybean and 22.0 days on tomato. The number of hatched eggs was higher on collard when compared to soybean and tomato plants. Concerning E. formosa regardless of plant species, the duration for the egg-to-adult period was shorter for the 3rd and 4th instar nymphs as compared with the other instars.

Trialeurodes vaporariorum (West.) é praga de hortaliças e ornamentais em cultivo protegido e infesta diversas culturas na Europa e nas Américas. No Brasil, as informações sobre sua ocorrência restringem-se a estudos em casa de vegetação. Em 2003, em Itatiba e cidades adjacentes (SP), observaram-se infestações de T. vaporariorum em hortaliças e ornamentais em campo, com maiores níveis populacionais em tomateiro e feijão-vagem. Nos anos seguintes, as infestações se mantiveram, atingindo cultivos de couve e de aboboreiras. São necessários estudos em campo para conhecer as interações dessa mosca-branca com plantas e inimigos naturais, níveis de dano e avaliação de métodos de controle.

Trialeurodes vaporariorum (West.) is a pest of greenhouse vegetables and ornamentals and infests crops in Europe and in the American continent. In Brazil, just a few cases are known on economic crops, being all restricted to greenhouse crops. In 2003, in Itatiba and neighboring localities of State of São Paulo, Brazil, field infestations of T. vaporariorum were observed, mainly on tomato and green bean. So far, whitefly infestation in this area expanded to squash and kale also. Field studies are needed for determining interactions of T. vaporariorum with plants and natural enemies, injury levels, and methods of control.