RESUMEN Orchidaceae es la familia botánica más diversa en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, con 79 géneros y 250 especies. La vegetación en Río de Janeiro se limita principalmente a pequeños fragmentos de Mata Atlántica, muchos de los cuales se localizan dentro de unidades de conservación y actúan como refugios para la flora. Algunas de las postales más conocidas de la ciudad, como las montañas Corcovado y Pan de Azúcar, y la estatua del Cristo Redentor, se encuentran dentro de unidades de conservación urbanas. Este trabajo presenta los resultados del estudio florístico-taxonómico de Orchidaceae en el Parque Estadual da Chacrinha (PE Chacrinha), un parque estatal ubicado muy cerca de la famosa playa de Copacabana en el corazón de Río de Janeiro. Se proporcionan breves descripciones morfológicas de las especies y una clave de identificación para las Orchidaceae del PE Chacrinha, basadas principalmente en caracteres morfológicos vegetativos. La familia Orchidaceae del PE Chacrinha está representada por trece géneros y 16 especies, la mayoría de las cuales están restringidas a Brasil, siete de ellas son también endémicas de la Mata Atlántica, o Sudamérica y crecen como terrestres o rupícolas. Destacamos la presencia de Acianthera limae, Epidendrum ammophilum y Prescottia spiranthophylla, especies que habitan exclusiva o predominantemente en afloramientos rocosos. Con estos hallazgos, nuestro objetivo es crear conciencia entre la población local sobre la importancia de conservar la flora regional; estimular visitas al PE Chacrinha; y promover la inclusión de esta unidad de conservación en el itinerario turístico de Río de Janeiro.

ABSTRACT Orchidaceae is the most diverse botanical family in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with 79 genera and 250 species. Vegetation in Rio de Janeiro is mostly restricted to small fragments of Atlantic Forest, many of which are located within conservation units and act as refuges for flora. Some of the best-known postcards of the city, such as Corcovado and Sugar Loaf mountains, and the Christ the Redeemer statue, are located within urban conservation units. This work presents the results of a floristic-taxonomic study of Orchidaceae in the Parque Estadual da Chacrinha (PE Chacrinha), a state park located extremely near the famous Copacabana beach in the heart of Rio de Janeiro. Brief morphological descriptions of the species are provided and an identification key for the orchids of PE Chacrinha is presented, based mainly on vegetative morphological characters. Orchidaceae of PE Chacrinha is represented by thirteen genera and 16 species, most of which restricted to Brazil, seven of them are also endemic to the Atlantic Forest, or South America and occur as terricolous or rupicolous. We highlighted the occurrences of Acianthera limae, Epidendrum ammophilum and Prescottia spiranthophylla, species that grow exclusively or predominantly on rocky outcrops. With these findings, our goal is to raise awareness among the local population about the importance of conserving the regional flora; stimulate visits to PE Chacrinha and promote the inclusion of this conservation unit in the tourist itinerary of the city of Rio de Janeiro.

ABSTRACT This study surveyed species of the family Araceae in Grumari restinga, located in the metropolitan region of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We aimed to: i) evaluate the contribution of a single locality (Grumari restinga) to regional conservation (Rio de Janeiro State) of Araceae; and ii) compare the distribution of species of Araceae among restingas of the state. We calculated the extent of occurrence and the area of occupancy in the entire state for eight species of Araceae found in Grumari,and performed a similarity analysis among restingas. Our data demonstrate that the extent of occurrences for Anthurium augustinum, A. coriaceum and A. maricense are influenced by Grumari because this area is the boundary of their known distribution in the state. Grumari did not have an influence on the distribution of the other studied species. We found Anthurium coriaceum, A. luschnathianum and Philodendron crassinervium to exhibit unusual habits as terrestrial plants in sandy soil. The similarity analysis identified six groups of Araceae, four of which are related to the distance from adjacent forests. We demonstrated that this small conservation unit represents a key locality in the preservation of natural populations of species of Araceae in Rio de Janeiro State.

Resumo O presente estudo tem como objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento das espécies de Molluginaceae ocorrentes no estado do Rio de Janeiro. O trabalho tem como base a análise de coleções depositadas em herbários e coletas de campo, além da consulta de dados de literatura. Foram registrados dois gêneros com uma espécie cada: Glinus e Mollugo. São apresentadas descrições, comentários, além de dados sobre hábitat e distribuição geográfica das espécies.

Abstract This work aims to contribute to the Flora of Molluginaceae from Rio de Janeiro state. It is based on the analysis of herbarium specimens and fieldwork, as well as on the relevant literature. Two genera and three species were recorded: Glinus and Mollugo. Descriptions and comments, besides data on habitat and geographical distribution of the species are provided.

Resumo O presente estudo tem como objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento das espécies de Aizoaceae ocorrentes no estado do Rio de Janeiro. O trabalho tem como base a análise de coleções depositadas em herbários e coletas de campo, além da consulta a dados de literatura. Foi registrada uma espécies: Sesuvium portulacastrum. São apresentadas descrições, comentários, além de dados sobre hábitat e distribuição geográfica da espécie.

Abstract This work aims to contribute to the flora of Aizoaceae from Rio de Janeiro state. It is based on the analysis of herbarium specimens and fieldwork, a s well as on the relevant literature. One species were recorded: Sesuvium portulacastrum. Descriptions and comments, besides data on habitat and geographical distribution of the species are provided.

Resumo O presente estudo tem como objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento das espécies de Asparagaceae ocorrentes no estado do Rio de Janeiro. O trabalho tem como base a análise de coleções depositadas em herbários e coletas de campo, além da consulta a dados de literatura. Foram registrados dois gêneros e três espécies: Furcraea foetida, Herreria glaziovii e H. salsaparilha. São apresentadas descrições, comentários, além de dados sobre hábitat e distribuição geográfica das espécies.

Abstract This work aims to contribute to the Flora of Asparagaceae from Rio de Janeiro State. It is based on the analysis of herbarium specimens and fieldwork, a s well as on the relevant literature. Two genera and three species were recorded: Furcraea foetida, Herreria glaziovii e H. salsaparilha. Descriptions and comments, besides data on habitat and geographical distribution of the species are provided.

ResumenBrasil tiene la mayor parte de bosque del Atlántico y también es uno de los centros de diversidad de Rubiaceas del Neotrópico. A pesar de la expansión urbana en el estado de Río de Janeiro, todavía se pueden encontrar grandes áreas de vegetación con alto grado de conectividad. Recientemente, nuevas especies de Rubiaceae se han descrito en la flora de Río de Janeiro, las cuales presentan poblaciones pequeñas y distribuciones particulares. El presente documento analiza la similitud en la composición florística de Rubiaceae en ocho remanentes del bosque Atlántico del estado de Río de Janeiro, protegidos por las Unidades de Conservación. También se inspeccionaron y establecieron directrices para la conservación de especies microendémicas. El análisis de similitud se basó en estudios publicados anteriormente en el área de Protección Ambiental de Grumari, área de Protección Ambiental Palmares, Parque Estatal de Serra da Tiririca, Parque Nacional de Itatiaia, Parque Nacional de Jurubatiba, Reserva Biológica de Poço das Antas, Reserva Biológica de Tinguá y Reserva Ecológica de Macaé de Cima, utilizando el software PAST (“Paleontological Statistics”) con coeficiente de Sørensen. El análisis de similitud florística reveló dos grupos con características fisiográficas distintas y diferentes tipos de vegetación. El Grupo A consistió en dos áreas, Área de Protección Ambiental de Grumari y el Parque Nacional de Jurubatiba, que mostraron un fuerte bootstrap support (98 %). El Grupo B incluye remanentes de bosque con fitofisionomía o altitudes distintas, pero con moderado bootstrap support. Los bajos niveles de similitud entre las ocho áreas fueron encontrados debido a la heterogeneidad de los hábitats. El estudio señaló que 19 especies microendémicas del Atlántico presentan una distribución de un solo sitio o una distribución restringida a las regiones de montaña y regiones metropolitanas del estado de Río de Janeiro. En cuanto al estado de conservación de especies microendémicas, se han identificado discrepancias entre el Catálogo de la Flora de Río de Janeiro y el Libro Rojo de la Flora de Brasil (dos de los principales catálogos de referencias de la flora brasileña). También se puso de relieve la necesidad de recolectar especies microendémicas del bosque Atlántico para evaluar temprano y adecuadamente el grado de amenaza que enfrentan estos taxones.

AbstractBrazil holds most of the Atlantic Forest Domain and is also one of the Rubiaceae diversity centers in the Neotropics. Despite the urban expansion in the state of Rio de Janeiro, large areas of continuous vegetation with high connectivity degree can still be found. Recently, new Rubiaceae species have been described in the Rio de Janeiro flora, which present small populations and very particular distribution. The current paper analyzed the similarity in the floristic composition of the Rubiaceae in eight Atlantic Forest remnants of Rio de Janeiro state protected by Conservation Units. We also surveyed and set guidelines for conservation of microendemic species. The similarity analysis were based on previously published studies in Área de Proteção Ambiental de Grumari, Área de Proteção Ambiental Palmares, Parque Estadual da Serra da Tiririca, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Parque Nacional de Jurubatiba, Reserva Biológica de Poço das Antas, Reserva Biológica do Tinguá and Reserva Ecológica de Macaé de Cima - using the PAST software (“Paleontological Statistics”) with Sørensen coefficient. The floristic similarity analysis revealed two groups with distinct physiographic characteristics and different vegetation types. Group A consisted in two Restinga areas, Área de Proteção Ambiental de Grumari and Parque Nacional de Jurubatiba, which showed strong bootstrap support (98 %). Group B included forest remnants with distinct phytophisiognomies or altitudes, but with moderate bootstrap support. Low similarity levels among the eight areas were found due to the habitats’ heterogeneity. The current study pointed out 19 microendemic species from the Atlantic Forest, they present a single-site distribution or a distribution restricted to Mountain and Metropolitan regions of Rio de Janeiro state. Concerning the conservation status of microendemic species, discrepancies between the Catalogue of Flora of Rio de Janeiro and the Red Book of Brazilian Flora (two of the main reference catalogs of Brazilian flora) have been identified. We have also highlighted the need for recollecting microendemic species from the Atlantic Forest, and for properly assessing the degree of threat faced by these taxons early. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (2): 655-665. Epub 2016 June 01.

The Brazilian Atlantic Forest is considered a global hotspot for biodiversity although it is currently threatened and highly fragmented. Orchidaceae in this phytogeographical domain is represented by 148 genera, of which 142 are endemic; Rio de Janeiro State contains approximately one third of all Brazilian orchid species. The Wildlife Protection Zone of the Palmares Environmental Protection Area (ZVS da APA Palmares) is located in the municipality of Paty do Alferes in Rio de Janeiro State and forms a mosaic of Dense Ombrophilous Forest fragments together with other conservation areas in the state. We surveyed Orchidaceae at 12 collection sites between July 2010 and February 2012 and analyzed floristic similarities between the collection sites and between 12 fragments of dense ombrophilous forest in Brazil utilizing PAST software and the Sørensen coefficient. The survey identified 27 genera and 43 species. Low indices of similarity among the areas were observed as well as weak support for grouping the ZVS da APA Palmares with the Serra da Tiririca Mountains. Greater conservation efforts are recommended for remnant fragments of Dense Ombrophilous Forest.

Orchidaceae is one of the largest and most diverse plant families in the world. The number of floristic studies of this family in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, has increased significantly in recent years. However, only a few such studies have been conducted in areas of restinga vegetation and none of those have examined the similarity, in terms of orchid diversity, among such areas. The present study sought to improve our knowledge of the Orchidaceae diversity occurring in Grumari restinga, as well to compare the diversity of orchids among Grumari and other restinga areas using cluster analysis. We found 15 genera and 19 species. Cluster analysis demonstrated that restingas located on islands are considerably different from those on the mainland, and no relationship was observed between floristic similarity and geographical proximity. As such, the present study shows that each area of restinga hosts different Orchidaceae species, demonstrating the importance of preserving this threatened ecosystem and this plant group.

The order Asparagales comprises 14 families, five of which occur in Brazil. Amaryllidaceae is a family of economic relevance and includes numerous ornamental genera. The genus Hippeastrum is widely distributed in Brazil and comprises 34 species, 11 of which occur in areas of restinga (coastal woodland) and Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The morphology of Hippeastrum has not been extensively studied in Brazil, where only a few systematic floristic surveys have been carried out with native species. In field studies and reviews of herbarium collections, we identified five Hippeastrum species occurring in areas of restinga in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The five species identified could be distinguished according to the following palynological characteristics: pollen grain size, polarity, pollen units, shape, aperture (number and type), exine sculpture, colpus length and pattern of sexine ornamentation. Of the five species identified, Hippeastrum aulicum Herb. and H. glaucescens (Ker Gawl.) Herb. were not identified in the field. Among the three species that were found in the field, H. striatum had the widest distribution in the study area, whereas the distribution of H. reticulatum was restricted to a single area of restinga, in the Jaconé district of the municipality of Saquarema. Through palynological examinations of specimens from herbaria in the state of Rio de Janeiro, we were able to confirm the identity of all five species of Hippeastrum studied. Our data represent a relevant contribution to increasing knowledge of this plant group in the region and will aid in future conservation efforts.

RESUMO O presente trabalho trata do estudo taxonômico das espécies de Diospyros Dalech. ex L., pertencente a família Ebenaceae, ocorrentes no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Estas espécies são aqui redescritas, ilustradas e ordenadas em chave analítica que facilita sua identificação. É feito um estudo comparativo dos padrões de nervação das folhas, dos tipos de inflorescências e da morfologia dos frutos. É apresentada uma tabela de épocas de floração e frutificação, além de informações referentes ao habitat, nome vulgar e utilidade de cada espécie, bem como uma lista dos nomes dos coletores e mapas de distribuição geográfica.

ABSTRACT The present work consist of a taxonomic study of species of Diospyros Dalech. ex L. belong of the Ebenaceae family that occur in the state of Rio de Janeiro. These species are here redescribed and illustrated, and ordered in an analytic key, making their identification easier. A comparative study of leaves veineing patterns, kinds of inflorescence and fruit morphology was made. The work include a table of floration and frutification time, besides information concerning their habitat, common name, utility, collector’s names and geographical distribution maps.