ABSTRACT The almond (Prunus dulcis) is an economically important crop in Portugal and is in the process of expansion. The assessment of the diversity of arthropods existing in the almond tree canopy becomes essential to know the trophic relationships that are established within it. The aim of this work was to identify the main arthropods present in the almond tree canopy in different soil management systems and water conditions. The trial was carried out in two almond groves, in Corujas, Macedo de Cavaleiros: rainfed and irrigated. They were subdivided into two treatments: 1) mobilized soil and 2) spontaneous vegetation, each with 3 blocks and 5 replications. Modalities 1 and 2 were installed in May 2022. Samples were collected fortnightly, between July and September 2022, performing 6 taps/tree/modality, using the tapping technique, to assess the auxiliary fauna and 20 leaves/ tree to monitor Monosteira unicostata (Hemiptera: Tingidae), Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Posteriorly, the individuals were counted and their identification was made at order and family level, for the auxiliary fauna and at species level for the pests. The most frequent orders were Hymenoptera (30%) and Araneae (18%). There were no significant differences in the number of arthropods between treatments in the two almond groves. With regard to pests, T. urticae and M. unicostata predominated in both orchards, with greater abundance in the irrigated grove.

RESUMO A amendoeira (Prunus dulcis) é uma cultura economicamente importante em Portugal e atualmente encontra-se em fase de expansão. A avaliação da diversidade de artrópodes existente na copa da amendoeira torna-se essencial para conhecer as relações tróficas que se estabelecem no seu interior. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os principais artrópodes presentes na copa das amendoeiras em diferentes sistemas de gestão do solo e condições hídricas. O ensaio foi conduzido em dois amendoais, em Corujas, Macedo de Cavaleiros: sequeiro e regadio. Eles foram subdivididos em dois tratamentos: 1) solo mobilizado e 2) vegetação espontânea, cada um com 3 blocos e 5 repetições. As modalidades 1 e 2 foram instaladas em maio de 2022. As amostras foram recolhidas quinzenalmente, entre julho e setembro de 2022, realizando-se 6 batidas/árvore/modalidade, na técnica das pancadas, para avaliar a fauna auxiliar e colhidas 20 folhas/árvore para monitorizar Monosteira unicostata (Hemiptera: Tingidae), Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae) e Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Posteriormente, contaram-se os indivíduos e a sua identificação foi feita ao nível de ordem e família para a fauna auxiliar e de espécie para as pragas. As ordens mais frequentes foram Hymenoptera (30%) e Araneae (18%). Não se verificaram diferenças significativas no número de artrópodes entre os tratamentos, nos dois amendoais. Quanto às pragas, predominaram T. urticae e M. unicostata nos dois amendoais, verificando-se maior abundância no amendoal de regadio.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the anatomical aspects of the kidney surface in human fetuses during the second gestational trimester. Material and Methods: We studied 108 kidneys obtained from 54 human fetuses (29 males and 25 females). The kidney was dissected and the number of clefts was counted. The renal volume was also assessed. To compare the quantitative data in both sexes, the Students-t-test was used (p < 0.05). Simple linear correlations were calculated for all kidney measurements, according to fetal age. Statistical analysis was performed with the R program (Version 3.5.1). Results: The fetuses ranged in age between 11.4 to 23 weeks post-conception. The renal volume of the right kidney ranged from 0.09 to 2.397 cm (mean=0.8479) and the renal volume of the left kidney ranged from 0.07 to 2.416 cm (mean=0.8036). The mean number of renal clefts in fetuses studied was 15.25 (7 to 28). There was no statistical significant difference in renal clefts between the sides either in males (p = 0.646) or in females (p = 0.698). Also, there was no significant difference in the mean number of renal clefts between male and female fetuses in right kidney (p = 0.948) and in left kidney (p = 0.939). Conclusions: The number of renal clefts has a great variation, weak correlation and no tendency to decrease during the 2nd gestational trimester. The number of clefts in right kidney of total sample and female fetuses has a significant development with age.

Resumo Esta minirrevisão apresenta materiais e técnicas que têm sido utilizados para a produção de superfícies autolimpantes e/ou antimicrobianas. A partir dos trabalhos analisados constatou-se grande utilização do dióxido de titânio para se obter superfícies com essas propriedades, porém materiais como sílica, zinco e prata também têm sido utilizados com esse propósito. As técnicas spin-coating e dip-coating foram as mais utilizadas e as bact érias Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli foram as mais empregadas nos ensaios antimicrobianos. Os trabalhos analisados mostram que é possível se obter superfícies com propriedade autolimpante e/ou antimicrobiana, além de atividade fotocatalítica. Com relação a possíveis aplicações, pode-se destacar o interesse na produção de vidros e dispositivos médicos apresentando autolimpeza e/ou ação antimicrobiana.

Abstract Herein we present a short review of different materials and techniques that have been used for the production of surfaces with self-cleaning and/or antimicrobial properties. From this, it was verified that titanium dioxide was the most frequently used compound to obtain surfaces with these properties; however, other materials such as silica, zinc and silver have also been used for this purpose. The spin-coating and dip-coating techniques were the most used techniques, and the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were the most used in the antimicrobial assays. The analyzed studies showed that it is possible to obtain surfaces with both self-cleaning and/or antimicrobial properties, as well as with photocatalytic activity. Regarding possible applications, it is possible to highlight the interest in the production of glass and medical devices with self-cleaning and/or antimicrobial action.

ABSTRACT This article presents, from the voices of local actors, the main strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats of Tolhuin, a city in the province of Tierra del Fuego that is between Ushuaia and Río Grande, Argentina. It describes how the great landscape attractiveness of this city gives it particular characteristics. Contributions are offered that try to contribute to the territorial discussion about the possible trajectories of Tolhuin. Its accelerated demographic growth brought with it some problems that call for alert to the inhabitants of the place in order to preserve and strengthen the quality of life so valued by them.

RESUMEN Este artículo presenta desde las voces de los actores locales, las principales fortalezas, oportunidades, debilidades y amenazas de Tolhuin, ciudad de la provincia de Tierra del Fuego que se encuentra entre Ushuaia y Río Grande, Argentina. Se describe cómo el gran atractivo paisajístico de esta ciudad le confiere características particulares. Se brindan aportes que intentan aportar a la discusión territorial sobre las posibles trayectorias de Tolhuin. Su acelerado crecimiento demográfico trajo aparejado algunas problemáticas que ponen un llamado de alerta a los habitantes del lugar con la finalidad de conservar y fortalecer la calidad de vida tan valorada por los mismos.

ABSTRACT Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with respiratory syndromes in different species of animals such as pigs, birds, rabbits, cats, and dogs. This bacterium presents high intra-species heterogeneity, where it is possible to find different biovars, five capsular serogroups with differences in virulence factors and the expression of pathogenicity, as well as profiles of susceptibility to antibiotics and the capacity for the formation of biofilms. The objective of this work is to characterize of P. multocida strains isolated from rabbits. The microbiological identification, capsular genoserotyping and the detection of genes involved in the virulence factors were carried out. Susceptibility to several families of antibiotics and the ability to produce biofilms in vitro were determined. It was confirmed that the strains belong to the species P. multocida subspecies multocida biotype 1 capsular A serogroup. The strains were positive to the detection of loci gene fragments related to the biogenesis of fimbrias, neurominidase and outer membrane proteins, which constitute virulence factors, specifically for colonization and interaction with the host. The strains revealed multi-resistance and only two of them showed moderate capacity for the production of biofilms. The characterization of these strains clarifies the epidemiological aspects related to the capsular serogroup, which are useful for obtaining vaccine candidates and contribute to the prevention or prophylaxis of infections by this bacterium, thus the present work contributes to the control of this infection in rabbits.

RESUMEN Pasteurella multocida es una bacteria Gram negativa que se asocia a síndromes respiratorios en diferentes especies de animales. Esta bacteria presenta una alta heterogeneidad intraespecie, donde es posible encontrar diferentes biovares, cinco serogrupos capsulares con diferencias en los factores de virulencia y la expresión de la patogenicidad, así como en los perfiles de susceptibilidad a los antibióticos y la capacidad para la formación de biopelículas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es la caracterización de cepas de P. multocida recobradas de conejos. Se realizó la identificación microbiológica, la genoserotipificación capsular y la detección de genes que participan en la expresión de factores de virulencia. Se determinó la susceptibilidad a varias familias de antibióticos y la capacidad de producir biopelículas in vitro. Se confirmó que las cepas pertenecen a la especie P. multocida subespecie multocida biotipo 1, al tipo capsular A. Las cepas fueron positivas a la detección de fragmentos de genes de los locis relacionados con la biogénesis de fimbrias, neurominidasa y proteínas de membrana externa, que constituyen factores de virulencia, específicamente para la colonización e interacción con el hospedero. Las cepas revelaron multirresistencia y solo dos mostraron moderada capacidad para la producción de biopelículas. La caracterización de estas cepas esclarece aspectos epidemiológicos relacionados con el serogrupo capsular, que son de utilidad para la obtención de candidatos vacunales y contribuir a la prevención o profilaxis de infecciones por esta bacteria, por lo que el presente trabajo constituye una contribución al control de esta infección en conejos.

Os aneurismas da artéria esplénica são raros, mas constituem cerca de 60% de todos os aneurismas arteriais viscerais. A grande maioria dos doentes (80%) é assintomática sendo o diagnóstico realizado através de um achado em exames de imagem. O risco de rotura estimado é de 3% a 10%, com uma taxa de mortalidade associada à rotura de 25 a 70%. Critérios para tratamento eletivo incluem aneurismas sintomáticos, aneurismas com dimensões superiores a 20 mm ou com o aumento rápido do diâmetro. Adicionalmente, aneurismas diagnosticados em pacientes com hipertensão portal ou mulheres em idade fértil também têm indicação para tratamento, independentemente do diâmetro. O tratamento endovascular é a primeira linha em doentes com aneurismas da artéria esplenica, e inclui várias opções, como embolização com coils, oclusão com recurso a balões destacáveis e colocação de endoprótese vascular. Esta última é mais adequada para aneurismas localizados proximalmente e sua principal vantagem consiste no potencial para preser- var o fluxo arterial esplénico e a função esplénica. É de salientar que a colocação de endoprótese para o tratamento de aneurismas da artéria esplénica está pouco descri- ta na literatura, consistindo sobretudo em pequenas séries de casos, todas com menos de 10 doentes. Trata-se de um procedimento que pode ser tecnicamente desafiante devido à tortuosidade da artéria esplênica. Não há resultados de follow-up a longo prazo na literatura. Neste artigo descrevemos dois casos de reparação de aneurisma da artéria utilizando stent grafts, com um follow-up máximo de 8 anos. Atingiu-se sucesso técnico em ambos os casos, sem crescimento pós-procedimento, endoleak, kink- ing, migração, re-intervenções ou outras complicações. Como conclusão, os dados na literatura sobre o uso de stents recobertos em aneurismas da artéria esplénica são escas- sos. Os resultados destes dois casos no nosso centro são encorajadores com um período de seguimento excecional

Splenic artery aneurysms are rare, but constitute nearly 60% of all visceral arterial aneurysms. Most patients (80%) are asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally. Rupture risk is estimated in 3%-10%, with a mortality rate of 25-70%. Elective treatment criteria include symptomatic patients, aneurysms larger than 2 cm in diameter or with rapid enlarge- ment and aneurysms of any size diagnosed in patients with portal hypertension or women of childbearing age; Endovascular treatment is first line of treatment in patients with splenic artery aneurysms, and include several options such as coil embolization, detachable balloon occlusion and stent graft placement. The latter is more suitable for proxi- mally located aneurysms and its main advantage is the potential to preserve splenic blood flow and splenic function. It is noteworthy that stent graft placement to treat splenic artery aneurysms is rarely described in the literature with the largest series having 10 cases, and can be technically challenging due to splenic artery tortuosity. There are no long term results in the literature. In this paper we describe two cases of splenic artery aneurysm repair using stent grafts, with a maximum follow-up of 8 years. We achieved technical success in both cases, with no post-procedure growth, endoleak, kinking, migration re-interven- tion or other complications. As a conclusion, there is paucity of data on the use of stent grafts in splenic artery aneurysms, however our single center small series results are encouraging with a considerable follow-up period.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma análise comparativa de alguns modelos de cálculo para consolos de concreto pré-moldado. Para isso, são analisados os modelos de cálculo das normas brasileiras (NBR 9062) e europeia (EUROCODE 2) e de um manual de projeto norte-americano (PCI). Além disso, são analisados três modelos de cálculo sugeridos na literatura. Busca-se nessa comparação identificar os modelos que melhor representam a força de ruína dos consolos, seja pelo escoamento do tirante ou pelo esmagamento do concreto da biela. Além disso, busca-se identificar a contribuição da armadura de costura na resistência do consolo. Para isso, foi montado um banco de dados a partir de resultados de ensaios de consolos de concreto realizados por diversos pesquisadores presentes na literatura, no qual os modelos em questão foram aplicados. Utilizando-se de ferramentas estatísticas, são definidos coeficientes de ajustes a serem aplicados aos modelos para uso em projeto e que levam em conta a dispersão de resultados encontrada na análise.

ABSTRACT The main objective of this paper is performing a comparative analysis of some design models for precast concrete corbels. For this, it was analyzed design models from Brazilian (NBR 9062) and European (EUROCODE 2) Codes and a US design handbook (PCI). Moreover, three analytical models showed in the literature are analyzed. The objective of this comparative is identifying the best design models to represent the failure load of concrete corbels by the tie yields or by the concrete crushing. Moreover, it is intended to evaluate the contribution of horizontal stirrups to resistance of concrete corbels. For this, a database was assembled from test results of concrete corbels carried out by several researchers and they are showed in the literature. The design models were applied to this database and from statistical tools, adjustments coefficients are recommended to be applied on these design models to take into account the results dispersion found in the analysis.

Muitos são os tratamentos para superação ou quebra da dormência de sementes mencionados na literatura. Contudo, as consequências dos métodos no desenvolvimento das plântulas são escassas. Pela relevância das Fabaceae no contexto da dormência, sementes e plântulas de 10 espécies florestais da família foram avaliadas quantitativamente e qualitativamente quanto aos danos e às infecções causados por tratamentos invasivos. A escarificação, a incisão do tegumento e o tratamento térmico úmido foram utilizados. Por amostragem, as sementes foram colocadas em papel germitest, formando-se rolos distribuídos em câmara de germinação sob luz branca fluorescente contínua a 25 ºC. A protrusão da radícula como critério único de germinação sobrestima a eficência dos tratamentos de superação ou quebra da dormência. A escarificação e a incisão do tegumento são eficientes para sementes de Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Parkia pendula, Senna macranthera e Senna multijuga, assim como a incisão do tegumento para Mimosa caesalpiniifolia. Contudo, são ineficientes para Dimorphandra mollis e Enterolobium maximum pelo aumento das percentagens de plântulas infeccionadas e para Stryphnodendron adstringens de sementes mortas. As elevadas percentagens de plântulas danificadas de Erythrina speciosa e E. velutina não podem ser atribuídas exclusivamente aos tratamentos, pois sem pré-tratamento o sistema radicular pode ficar aderente ao tegumento. O tratamento térmico é ineficiente pelas elevadas percentagens de sementes duras remanescentes.

There are many treatments to overcome or breaking dormancy. However, descriptions of the consequences of these methods in seedling development are scarce. Because of the relevance of Fabaceae family in the context of dormancy seeds, seedlings and seeds of 10 forest species were evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively as to damage and infections caused by invasive treatments. Scarification, incision and preheat methods were applied to seeds. They were then sampled was arranged in germitest, forming rolls distributed in a germination boxes under continuous fluorescent white light at 25 ºC. Root protrusion used as the sole criterion, overestimates the efficiency of germination treatments to overcome or breaking dormancy. Scarification and incision are efficient for Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Parkia pendula, Senna macranthera and Senna multijuga seeds, as well as incision for Mimosa caesalpiniifolia seeds. However, they are inefficient for Dimorphandra mollis and Enterolobium maximum because of the increase in the percentage of infected seedlings, and to Stryphnodendron adstringens, for dead seeds. The high percentage of damaged seedlings of Erythrina velutina and E. speciosa cannot be attributed solely to treatment, because without pretreatment the root system gets strapped, forming a loop. The preheat treatment is inefficient because it results in a high percentage of hard seeds remaining.

O desafio clínico na reconstrução de defeitos ósseos tem estimulado vários estudos em busca de alternativas para reparar esses defeitos. As cerâmicas são consideradas como suportes sintéticos e são utilizadas em odontologia e ortopedia. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar por micro fluorescência de raios X por energia dispersiva (µ-EDXRF) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura-espectroscopia de dispersão de energia (MEV-EDS), a influência dos implantes de Al2O3 sem recobrimento e recobertos com apatita, na regeneração óssea. Doze amostras de implantes de Al2O3 foram preparadas e metade destas amostras (n = 6) foi revestida com apatita pelo método biomimético modificado e em seguida o material cerâmico foi implantado na tíbia de coelhos. Três grupos experimentais foram testados: Grupo C - controle, procedimento cirúrgico sem implante de cerâmica, Grupo Ce - implantes de Al2O3 sem recobrimento (n = 6) e Grupo CeHA - implantes de Al2O3 recobertos com apatita (n = 6). A deposição de tecido ósseo foi determinada através da medição do teor em peso de Ca e P na interface osso-implante através de mapeamento de superfície por µ EDXRF e através da análise pontual por EDS. Observou-se depois de 30 dias de tratamento, uma maior deposição de Ca e P para o grupo tratado com CeHA (p <0,001) em comparação ao grupo C. Os resultados sugerem que a cerâmica recoberta com hidroxiapatita (CeHA) pode ser um auxiliar de deposição óssea no modelo de defeito tibial em coelhos.

The clinical challenge in the reconstruction of bone defects has stimulated several studies in search of alternatives to repair these defects. The ceramics are considered as synthetic scaffolds and are used in dentistry and orthopedics. This study aimed to evaluate by micro energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (µ-EDXRF) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), the influence of uncoated and apatite-coated Al2O3 implants on bone regeneration. Twelve samples of Al2O3 implants were prepared and half of this samples (n = 6) were apatite-coated by the modified biomimetic method and then the ceramic material were implanted in the tibia of rabbits. Three experimental groups were tested: Group C - control, surgery procedure without ceramic implant, Group Ce - uncoated Al2O3 implants (n = 6) and Group CeHA - apatite-coated Al2O3 implants (n = 6). The deposition of bone tissue was determined by measuring the weight content of Ca and P through surface mapping of bone-implant interface by µ-EDXRF and through point analysis by EDS. It was observed after thirty days of treatment a greater deposition of Ca and P in the group treated with CeHA (p <0.001) compared to group C. The results suggest that ceramic coated with hydroxyapatite (CeHA) can be an auxiliary to bone deposition in tibia defect model in rabbits.

Reimplantation is indicated in all cases of thumb amputation as this digit plays a key role in hand function. The aim of the present study is to review all cases of thumb reimplantation carried out during the last 6 years at Virgen del Rocío University Hospital in Seville, Spain. Data regarding the type of injury, the amputation level, the use of venous grafts and the type of osteosynthesis were collected in all cases. Survival rates reached 74.19%. We can conclude that survival rates in patients undergoing thumb reimplantation are high and even a better outcome can be obtained in injuries without crushing lesions. The use of venous grafts is also associated with a better surgical outcome in amputations due to crushing or avulsion mechanisms.

Las amputaciones de pulgar son indicación de reimplante en todos los casos, ya que el papel de este dedo es crucial para que una mano sea funcional. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es revisar la casuística de reimplantes de pulgar de los últimos 6 años en el Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, España. Revisamos el mecanismo de lesión, el nivel de amputación, el uso de injerto venoso y el tipo de osteosíntesis realizado. La tasa de supervivencia lograda fue del 74,19%. Creemos que es una tasa de supervivencia elevada, que asocia los mejores resultados a las amputaciones sin componente de aplastamiento. El uso de injerto venoso se asocia igualmente a mejores resultados de la cirugía en casos de aplastamiento o arrancamiento como mecanismo de lesión.

Objective: To evidence by means of a SWOT-R analysis performed by an expert consensus the most worrying characteristics of the register on Home-based and Outpatient Artificial Nutrition. Material and methods: SWOT-R analysis with expert consensus. We requested the participation of the active members of the NADYA group within the last 5 years with the premise of structuring the SWOT-R based on the characteristics of the NADYA registry from its beginning. Results: 18 experts from hospitals all over Spain have participated. The internal analysis seems to be positive, presenting the registry as having important resources. The external analysis did not show a great number of threats, there are very potent factors, "the voluntariness" of the registry and the "dependence on external financing". The opportunities identified are important. The recommendations are aimed at stabilizing the system by decreasing the threats as one of the main focus of the strategies to develop as well as promoting the items identified as opportunities and strengths. Conclusions: The analysis shows that the NADYA register shows a big potentiality for improvement. The proposed recommendations should be structured in order to stay on the track of development and quality improvement that has characterized the NADYA register from the beginning.

Objetivo: Evidenciar mediante un análisis DAFO-R realizado por consenso de expertos las características más acuciantes del registro de Nutrición Artificial Domiciliaria y Ambulatoria. Material y método: Análisis DAFO-R por consenso de expertos. Se solicitó la participación de los miembros del grupo NADYA activos en los últimos 5 años bajo la premisa de estructurar el DAFO-R sobre las características del registro NADYA desde su inicio. Resultados: Han participado 18 expertos de diferentes hospitales de la geografía española. El análisis interno se inclina positivamente presentando al registro con recursos importantes. En el análisis externo no son numerosas las amenazas, hay factores de gran potencia, "la voluntariedad del registro" y la "dependencia externa de financiación". Las oportunidades identificadas son importantes. Las recomendaciones se dirigen a la estabilización del sistema disminuyendo las amenazas como foco principal de las estrategias a desarrollar al mismo tiempo que se debe potenciar los puntos identificados en oportunidades y fortalezas. Conclusiones: El registro NADYA se muestra en el análisis con gran potencialidad de mejora. Las recomendaciones propuestas deberán estructurarse para continuar la tendencia de desarrollo y perfeccionamiento de la calidad que ha caracterizado al registro NADYA desde su inicio.

The island flap based on perforators of the internal mammary artery (IMAP flap) is recently used in reconstruction of head and neck defects. The aim of this review is to verify the possibilities of the arc of rotation of the flap when it's necessary to carry out an extensive dissection of the vascular pedicle. We present reconstruction of partial pharyngeal defects in 4 patients, aged between 46 and 75 years and all men, using a pedicle flap based on the second perforator of the internal mammary artery. The average size of the defect was 3.2 cm (SD +/- 1.5 cm) horizontally and 4.5 cm (SD +/- 2.2 cm) vertically. In all cases, an island flap was dissected with an average size of 6 X 8 cm. The average length of the pedicle was 5.5 cm (SD +/- 1.51 cm). In all cases it was possible the sealing of the pharyngeal defect without rib resection or to incorporate part of the corresponding internal mammary artery. IMAP flap is rapid to dissect and allows coverage in case of partial pharyngeal defects from anterior neck to the base of the tongue without needing rib resection or partial incorporation of the mammary vessels.

El colgajo en isla basado en perforantes de la arteria mamaria interna (colgajo IMAP) se emplea de manera reciente como técnica reconstructiva en cabeza y cuello. El objetivo de esta revisión es corroborar las posibilidades del arco de rotación de dicho colgajo cuando se realiza una amplia disección de su pedículo vascular. Presentamos 4 pacientes de edades comprendidas entre 46 y 75 años, todos ellos varones, con defectos faríngeos parciales, en los que empleamos un colgajo pediculado basado en la segunda perforante de la arteria mamaria interna para reconstrucción del defecto faríngeo. El tamaño medio del defecto a cubrir fue de 3,2 cm (desviación estándar +/- 1,5 cm) en sentido horizontal y 4,5 cm (desviación estándar +/- 2,2 cm) en sentido vertical. En todos los casos se disecó un colgajo en isla con un tamaño medio de 6 X 8 cm. La longitud media del pedículo fue de 5,5 cm (desviación estándar +/- 1,51 cm). En todos los casos fue posible sellar el defecto faríngeo sin necesidad de resecar costilla o de incorporar parte de la arteria mamaria interna correspondiente. El colgajo IMAP es un colgajo rápido de realizar que permite la reconstrucción de defectos faríngeos parciales de la región anterior del cuello y hasta la base de la lengua sin necesidad de resección costal o incorporación parcial de los vasos mamarios.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to characterize Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage in a dermatology unit. METHODS: This was a prospective and descriptive study. Over the course of 26 weeks, surveillance cultures were collected weekly from the anterior nares and skin of all patients hospitalized in a 20-bed dermatology unit of a tertiary-care hospital. Samples from healthcare workers (HCWS) were cultured at the beginning and end of the study. Colonized patients were put under contact precautions, and basic infection control measures were enforced. Staphylococcus aureus colonization pressure was determined monthly. Colonized and non-colonized patients were compared, and isolates were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility, SCCmec type, virulence factors, and type. RESULTS: Of the 142 patients evaluated, 64 (45%) were colonized by MRSA (39% hospital acquired; 25% community acquired; 36% indeterminate). Despite isolation precautions, hospital-acquired Staphylococcus aureus occurred in addition to the continuous entry of Staphylococcus aureus from the community. Colonization pressure increased from 13% to 59%, and pemphigus and other bullous diseases were associated with MRSA colonization. Eleven out of 71 HCWs (15%) were Staphylococcus aureus carriers, although only one worker carried a persistent clone. Of the hospital-acquired MRSA cases, 14/28 (50%) were SCCmec type IV (3 PFGE types), 13 were SCCmec type III (46%), and one had an indeterminate type. These types were also present among the community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus isolates. SSCmec type IV isolates were shown to be more susceptible than type III isolates. There were two cases of bloodstream infection, and the pvl and tst virulence genes were absent from all isolates. CONCLUSIONS: Dermatology patients were colonized by community- and hospital-acquired Staphylococcus aureus. Half of the nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus isolates were SCCmec type IV. Despite the identification of colonized patients and the subsequent contact precautions and room placement, Staphylococcus aureus colonization continued to occur, and colonization pressure increased. Pemphigus and other bullous diseases were associated with Staphylococcus aureus.

Patients with intestinal failure who receive HPN are at high risk of developing MBD. The origin of this bone alteration is multifactorial and depends greatly on the underlying disease for which the nutritional support is required. Data on the prevalence of this disease in our environment is lacking, so NADYA-SEMPE group has sponsored this transversal study with the aim of knowing the actual MBD prevalence. Material and methods: Retrospective data from 51 patients from 13 hospitals were collected. The questionnaire included demographic data as well as the most clinically relevant for MBD data. Laboratory data (calciuria, PTH, 25 -OH -vitamin D) and the results from the first and last bone densitometry were also registered. Results: Bone mineral density had only been assessed by densitometry in 21 patients at the moment HPN was started. Bone quality is already altered before HPN in a significant percentage of cases (52%). After a mean follow up of 6 years, this percentage increases up to 81%. Due to retrospective nature of the study and the low number of subjects included it has not been possible to determine the role that HPN plays in MBD etiology. Only 35% of patients have vitamin D levels above the recommended limits and the majority of them is not on specific supplementation. Conclusions: HPN is associated with very high risk of MBD, therefore, management protocols that can lead to early detection of the problem as well as guiding for follow up and treatment of these patients are needed.

Los pacientes con insuficiencia intestinal que reciben NPD presentan un elevado riesgo de presentar EMO. El origen de esta afectación ósea es multifactorial y depende en gran parte de la enfermedad de base que origina la necesidad del soporte. En nuestro medio no disponemos de datos acerca de la prevalencia de esta enfermedad, por lo que el grupo NADYA-SENPE ha patrocinado este estudio transversal para intentar conocer la prevalencia de la EMO. Material y métodos: Se han recogido datos retrospectivos de 51 pacientes pertenecientes a 13 hospitales. La encuesta realizada incluía datos demográficos y los datos clínicos más relevantes que pudieran influir en la aparición de EMO. También se han registrados los datos analíticos más significativos para este proceso (calciuria, PTH, 25 OH vitamina D) y los resultados de la primera y la última densitometría realizadas. Resultados: Solamente 21 pacientes tenían realizada una densitometría en el momento de iniciar la NPD. La calidad del hueso está alterada al inicio de la NPD en un porcentaje significativo de casos (52%) Tras un seguimiento medio de 6 años ese porcentaje se eleva hasta el 81%. Dado el carácter retrospectivo del estudio y el escaso número de sujetos no es posible determinar el papel que juega la NPD en la etiología de la EMO. Sólo un 35% de los pacientes presentan niveles de vitamina D por encima de los niveles recomendados y la mayoría de ellos no recibe suplementación específica. Conclusiones: La NPD se asocia a un riesgo muy elevado de presentar EMO, por tanto es necesario disponer de protocolos de actuación que permitan detectar precozmente este problema y orientar el seguimiento y tratamiento de estos pacientes.