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Percepción sobre la sexualidad en los estudiantes universitarios
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Aguilera Vásconez, Renata Patricia

; Sánchez Acosta, Adriana Carolina

; Andino Peñafiel, Erica Estefanía

; Llerena Cruz, Ángel Gustavo

; Torres Vizuete, Ramiro Eduardo

Revista Eugenio Espejo

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apr 2022, Volume 16 N. 1 Pages 59 - 70

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Sexuality is an essential aspect for human beings, its study includes terms such as: sex, gender identities and roles, eroticism, pleasure, intimacy, reproduction, and sexual orientation. This research was qualitative, descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional approach. The population was made up of 40 students over 18 years of age, who agreed to be part of the study and were enrolled in the Clinical Psychology major, Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of Chimborazo, Ecuador, in the year 2020. The data was collected through an interview. Among the participants, 67.5% belonged to the female gender, 92.5% declared themselves to be heterosexual sexual orientation, and 97.5% single. Most adequately conceptualized sexuality, with some confusion in its component categories. The environment marked by moral and religious myths generated repressed, discriminatory, and wrong thoughts and behaviors. Acceptance of sexuality was diffuse.

Resumen La sexualidad es un aspecto esencial para los seres humanos, su estudio incluye términos tales como: sexo, identidades y papeles de género, erotismo, placer, intimidad, reproducción y orientación sexual. La investigación realizada tuvo un enfoque cualitativo, de tipo observacional descriptiva y corte transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 40 estudiantes mayores de 18 años, los que estuvieron emitieron su conformidad con ser parte del estudio y estaban matriculados en la carrera de Psicología Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Ecuador, en el año 2020. La recolección de los datos fue mediante una entrevista. En los participantes, el 67,5% perteneció al género femenino, el 92,5% se declaró con orientación sexual heterosexual, 97,5% solteros/as. La mayoría conceptualizó adecuadamente la sexualidad, con algunas confusiones en categorías que lo componen. El ambiente marcado por mitos morales y religiosos generó pensamientos y conductas reprimidas, discriminatorias y equivocadas. La aceptación de la sexualidad se apreció difusa.

https://doi.org/10.37135/ee.04.13.07 252 downloads

Efecto de la inclusión de carne cruda en un paté cocido de carne mecánicamente recuperada de trucha arcoíris
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Jimenez Champi, Diana Carolina

; Llerena Daza, Tito Eduardo

; Salvá Ruiz, Bettit Karim

Revista de Investigaciones Altoandinas

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jul 2021, Volume 23 N. 3 Pages 125 - 132

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract The fishing industry generates large quantities of by-products, most of which are not used and are therefore discarded. The objective of the present research was the elaboration of a pâté-type sausage from mechanically recovered meat of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The meat was obtained from trout skelons, which were passed through a grinder and sprayed with a mixture of α-tocopherol (0.02%) and ascorbic acid (0.05%). The formulation of the pate was as follows: mechanically recovered trout meat (74.4%), salt (1.3%), sodium tripolyphosphate (0.8%), starch (2%), soy protein isolate (2.4%), margarine (16.7%), soy lecithin (1.9%), onion powder (0.2%), garlic powder (0.2%) and pepper powder (0.1%). Three formulations were prepared: PCR1 (80% cooked meat and 20% raw meat), PCR2 (90% cooked meat and 10% raw meat) and PCR3 (100% cooked meat). For each formulation, the following were evaluated: texture profile, color and sensory evaluation, the latter with the participation of 30 untrained panelists using a 9-point hedonic scale, in which each formulation obtained an average of 6 ("I like it moderately"). The best formulation was PCR3, whose proximate composition was determined: 64% moisture, 16% fat, 12.5% protein, and 3.5% ash. The pâté of mechanically recovered trout meat proved to have a high nutritional value and a good level of sensory acceptance, demonstrating that it is a good alternative for the use of trout fillet by-products.

Resumen La industria pesquera genera grandes cantidades de subproductos que en su mayoría no son aprovechados y por ende son desechados. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue la elaboración de un embutido tipo paté a partir de carne mecánicamente recuperada de trucha arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Se obtuvo la carne a partir de esquelones de trucha, los cuales pasaron por una moledora y se les roció una mezcla de α-tocoferol (0,02%) y ácido ascórbico (0,05%). La formulación del paté fue la siguiente: carne mecánicamente recuperada de trucha (74,4%), sal (1,3%), tripolifosfato de sodio (0,8%), almidón (2%), proteína aislada de soya (2,4%), margarina (16,7%), lecitina de soya (1,9%), cebolla en polvo (0,2%), ajo en polvo (0.2%) y pimienta en polvo (0,1%). Se elaboraron 3 formulaciones: PCR1 (80% carne cocida-20% carne cruda), PCR2 (90% carne cocida-10% carne cruda) y PCR3 (100% carne cocida). Para cada formulación se evaluaron: perfil de textura, color y evaluación sensorial, esta última con la participación de 30 panelistas no entrenados usando una escala hedónica de 9 puntos, en la que cada fórmula obtuvo un promedio de 6 («me gusta moderadamente»). La mejor formulación fue la PCR3, a la cual se le determinó su composición proximal: humedad - 64%; grasa - 16%; proteína - 12,5%; cenizas - 3,5%. El paté de carne mecánicamente recuperada de trucha demostró tener un gran valor nutritivo y buen nivel de aceptación sensorial, demostrando que es una buena alternativa para el aprovechamiento de los subproductos del fileteado de trucha.

https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2021.291

Osteonecrosis de la cabeza femoral e infección de VIH/sida en la epidemia de Cuba
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Reyes Llerena, Gil Alberto

; Mazón, Diana Carolina

; Gil Reyes, Guibert

; García Martínez, Madelyn

; Torres Figueroa, Alexer

; Millán Marcelo, Juan C.

; Carrillo Lovet, Denis

; Guibert Toledano, Marlene

Revista Cubana de Reumatología

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dec 2020, Volume 22 N. 3 elocation e786

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Introduction: Avascular Necrosis or Osteonecrosis (ON) is a process associated with the blood supply deficit with ischemia in the nutritional vessels of the interested bones determining chronic pain, functional disability. In recent years with the growing development of the HIV epidemic, a marked increase in this condition has been observed. Objective: To determine an characterize in the clinical and epidemiological order the Cuban HIV + patients, who developed ON in the context of the HIV epidemic in a series of 285 HIV + cases with highly effective ARV therapy including tenofovir. Methods: Prospective analytical pilot study in a series of 285 patients, with HIV-AIDS infection adults treated in the IPK of Cuba in the later era (years 2003-17) to high-efficiency ARV therapy (TARVAE). Patients diagnosed with HIV / AIDS who offered their informed consent to participate in the study were included, and the research was approved by the IPK Ethics Committee. Results: Average age 41 (15-71) years (p <0.05). Survival 12 years by studies of Kaplan and Maier. Marked male predominance with 230 (81%), 55 (19.2%) women, white skin color, and 50-59 age group with 146 (51.2%) (p <0.05); data similar to the rest of the Cuban population according to other COPCORD Epidemiological studies. (18) Sexual and HIVH prevalent HIV acquisition mode with 192 (67.3%). 154 (54%) had an undetectable viral load. We found 3 (1.05%) patients who developed ON, with an average age of 52 (40-61a), 2 patients in right hip, and one bilateral avascular necrosis of the hips, all with radiological changes of this condition. As associated FR, one patient had hyperlipidemia, another 2 smoker, and 1 alcohol, all 3 with CD4 + T cell count <200 And high viral load. All cases had TARVAE with protease inhibitors, and reverse transcriptase, including Tenofovir. Conclusions: Our report is aimed at showing a low frequency of ON in our series of 285 patients studied in the Cuban HIV epidemic. The hips were the sites of ON, with 1 patients bilateral involvement. Hyperlipidemia, tabaquism and alcohol were the principal risk factors presented and low level of CD4 + T cels, and high viral load. We were unable to establish causal relationships between the recognized risk factors reported in the literature, HAART and the appearance of ON, all of which leave the role played by HIV infection per se in the development of this complication, or the effects of other variables that we have not explored in this preliminary study.

RESUMEN Introducción: La osteonecrosis es un trastorno asociado al déficit de riego sanguíneo con isquemia en los vasos nutricios de los huesos interesados, causa dolor crónico y discapacidad funcional. Con el desarrollo de la epidemia de VIH, se aprecia un marcado incremento de esta afección. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia y caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente a los pacientes cubanos con VIH/sida que desarrollaron osteonecrosis. Métodos: Estudio analítico prospectivo de pilotaje en una serie de 285 pacientes adultos, con infección por HIV/sida atendidos en el Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí en la era posterior a la terapia antirretroviral (TARVAE), años 2003-2018. Los pacientes ofrecieron su consentimiento informado. Se evaluaron variables epidemiológicas consideradas factores de riesgo (estatus procoagulante, alcoholismo, tabaquismo, hipercolesterolemia e hiperlipidemia, consumo de esteroides, conteo de células T, CD4+ y drogas antirretrovirales). Resultados: La edad promedio de la serie fue de 41 años, con una supervivencia de 12 años, marcado predominio del sexo masculino y piel blanca. El modo de adquisición del VIH prevaleciente fue la vía sexual y de hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (67,3 %). Tres pacientes desarrollaron osteonecrosis (1,05 %), necrosis avascular de caderas (2 casos en la derecha y uno bilateral), con cambios radiográficos por esta afección. Entre los factores asociados, un paciente tenía hiperlipidemia, dos eran fumadores, uno consumía alcohol, y los tres tenían conteo de células T CD4+ de más de 200. Todos tenían instaurada la TARVAE con inhibidores de proteasas y de la transcriptasa inversa, incluido tenofovir. Conclusiones: En esta serie de 285 pacientes con VIH, hubo una baja frecuencia de osteonecrosis. No se establecieron relaciones causales entre los factores de riesgo reconocidos en la literatura, la TARVAE y la aparición de osteonecrosis. Queda por definir el papel desempeñado por la infección VIH per se en el desarrollo de esta complicación, o develar si existen otras variables no exploradas en este estudio.

Riesgo de daño cerebral en prematuros menores de 34 semanas expuestos a corioamnionitis histológica, Lima, Perú
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Guillén, Noelia

; Llerena, Carolina

; Samalvides, Susan

; Vila, Judith

; Juárez, Tania

; Cáceres, Jaime

; Guillén-Pinto, Daniel

Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública

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jun 2020, Volume 37 N. 2 Pages 229 - 238

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess the risk of brain damage in premature infants under 34 weeks of gestational age exposed to histological chorioamnionitis (HCA). Materials and methods: A cohort study was conducted at the Hospital Cayetano Heredia, during 2015. Premature infants under 34 weeks of gestational age, who had histopathological examination of the placenta, were included. The types of HCA evaluated were sub-chorionitis, chorionitis, chorioamnionitis, with or without funisitis. Brain damage was evaluated in three age periods, between 0 and 7 days, between 7 and 30 days and at 40 weeks of corrected gestational age. A neurological follow-up and regular controls were performed with brain ultrasound. Results: A total of 85 premature infants were included, 47.1% were women and the mean gestational age was 30.9 weeks. From the total, 42% (36/85) were born exposed to HCA. Premature rupture of membranes was the main cause of sepsis, which was related to neurological damage. HCA was associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) during the first week and with white matter lesions between 7 and 30 days of age (p = 0.035). The chorioamnionitis type of HCA was associated with neurological damage during the first week (RR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.09-4.11) and between 7 and 30 days of age (RR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.07-6.88). Conclusions: Chorioamnionitis was a risk factor for developing brain injuries in premature infants under 34 weeks of gestational age. It was also a risk factor for HIV during the first 7 days and for white matter injuries between 7 and 30 days of age. At 40 weeks of corrected gestational age, extreme premature infants with HCA had more extensive brain damage.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Evaluar el riesgo de daño cerebral en prematuros menores de 34 semanas expuestos a corioamnionitis histológica (CAH). Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohortes en el Hospital Cayetano Heredia, durante el 2015. Fueron incluidos prematuros menores de 34 semanas que tuvieran examen histopatológico de la placenta. Los tipos de CAH evaluados fueron subcorionitis, corionitis, corioamnionitis, con o sin funisitis. El daño cerebral se evaluó en tres periodos de edad, entre 0 y 7 días, entre 7 y 30 días y a las 40 semanas gestacionales corregidas. Se realizó un seguimiento neurológico y controles con ecografía cerebral. Resultados: Se estudiaron 85 prematuros, 47,1% eran mujeres y la media de la edad gestacional fue de 30,9 semanas. El 42% (36/85) nacieron expuestos a CAH. La ruptura prematura de membrana fue la principal generatriz de sepsis, y la sepsis se relacionó con daño neurológico. La CAH estuvo asociada con hemorragia intraventricular (HIV) durante la primera semana y con lesiones de la sustancia blanca entre los 7 y 30 días de edad (p = 0,035). El tipo corioamnionitis de CAH se asoció al daño neurológico durante la primera semana (RR = 2,11; IC 95%: 1,09-4,11) y entre los 7 y 30 días de vida (RR = 2,72; IC 95%: 1,07-6,88). Conclusiones: La corioamnionitis fue un factor de riesgo para desarrollar lesiones cerebrales en prematuros menores de 34 semanas, para HIV durante los primeros 7 días y lesiones de sustancia blanca entre los 7 y los 30 días de edad. A las 40 semanas de edad corregida, los prematuros extremos con CAH tuvieron lesiones cerebrales más extensas.

https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2020.372.4779

Riesgo de daño cerebral en prematuros menores de 34 semanas expuestos a corioamnionitis histológica, Lima, Perú
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Guillén, Noelia

; Llerena, Carolina

; Samalvides, Susan

; Vila, Judith

; Juárez, Tania

; Cáceres, Jaime

; Guillén-Pinto, Daniel

Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Publica

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apr 2020, Volume 37 N. 2 Pages 229 - 238

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2020.372.4779

Relación de los hallazgos del ultrasonido, la resonancia magnética nuclear y la artroscopía en las meniscopatías
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Rodríguez Arenas, Diana Carolina

; Llerena Rodríguez, Elio

; Águila Carbelo, Madyaret

; Rodríguez González, Claudia

; Valdés Morales, Yanet

; Jiménez Milián, Belkis

Acta Médica del Centro

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mar 2020, Volume 14 N. 1 Pages 93 - 107

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Introduction: according to the literature there are discrepancies between the findings on ultrasound, nuclear magnetic resonance and arthroscopy, which is why the latter is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of lesions of internal structures of the knee. Objective: to evaluate the relationship between the echo, nuclear magnetic resonance and arthroscopy in meniscal lesions. Methods: a descriptive and observational study was carried out at the “Arnaldo Milián Castro” Hospital in the Province of Villa Clara between January 2015 and March 2017. Results: 33.3% of the patients were between 40 and 49 years old and 77.7% were male. In 58.7% the affected knee was the right and in 86.1% the cause was nontraumatic. According to the location of the meniscal rupture, the greatest number of lesions of the medial meniscus was diagnosed by NMR (61%) and US (58%), those of the lateral meniscus were diagnosed by US (41%) and arthroscopy (39%). Ultrasound and resonance showed good agreement for the location and the exact point of the lesion. Conclusions: the correlation was very good for the variables analyzed between the three diagnostic methods, the largest being between magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopy due to the coincidence index detected between them.

RESUMEN Introducción: según la literatura existen discrepancias entre los hallazgos en el ultrasonido, la resonancia magnética nuclear y la artroscopía, por lo que se considera a esta última como el patrón de oro para el diagnóstico de lesiones de estructuras internas de la rodilla. Objetivo: evaluar la relación entre el ultrasonido, la resonancia magnética nuclear y la artroscopía en lesiones meniscales. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y observacional en el Hospital “Arnaldo Milián Castro” de la Provincia de Villa Clara entre enero de 2015 y marzo de 2017. Resultados: el 3,33% de los pacientes tenía entre 40 y 49 años y el 77,7% era masculino. En el 58,7% la rodilla afectada fue la derecha y en el 86,1% la causa fue no traumática. Según la localización de la ruptura meniscal el mayor número de lesiones del menisco medial se diagnosticó por RMN (61%) y US (58%), las del menisco lateral fueron diagnosticadas por US (41%) y artroscopía (39%). El ultrasonido y la resonancia mostraron una buena concordancia para la localización y la ubicación de la lesión. Conclusiones: la correlación fue muy buena para las variables analizadas entre los tres métodos diagnósticos, la mayor es entre la resonancia magnética y la artroscopía debido al índice de coincidencia detectado entre ellos.

A new approach for Y-TZP surface treatment: evaluations of roughness and bond strength to resin cemen
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ZENS, Marlyni Aparecida

; ICOCHEA, Alfredo Llerena

; COSTA, Bruna Carolina

; LISBOA-FILHO, Paulo Noronha

; BASTOS, Natália Almeida

; FRANCISCONI, Paulo Afonso Silveira

; FURUSE, Adilson Yoshio

; FOSCHINI, Cesar

; GERLIN NETO, Vicente

; BORGES, Ana Flávia Sanches

Journal of Applied Oral Science

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2019, Volume 27 elocation e20180449

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objective This study aims to evaluate the effect of sonochemical treatment on the surface of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) before and after the final sintering. Material and Methods Twenty-eight Y-TZP discs were divided into four groups (n=7), according to surface treatment: PRE: pre-sintering sonication with 30% nominal power for 15 min; POS: post-sintering sonication with 30% nominal power for 15 min; JAT: air abrasion with 50-μm alumina particles; and CON: control group with no treatment. The POS and JAT groups were sintered before sonication and the PRE group after sonication. Surface roughness was analyzed using confocal microscopy, after which resin cement cylinders were placed on the surface of the Y-TZP discs and subjected to mechanical microshear bond strength test until fracture. Surface roughness and microshear bond strength values underwent ANOVA and the Tukey tests. Results The surface roughness values for the PRE group (299.91 nm) and the POS group (291.23 nm) were not significantly different (p≥0.05), statistically, and the surface roughness value of the JAT group (925.21 nm) was higher than those of PRE and POS (p=0.007) groups. The mechanical microshear bond strength test showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p=0.08). Conclusions Therefore, the results showed that sonochemical treatment modifies the Y-TZP surface and is similar to the well-established sandblasting surface treatment regarding the strength of the bond with the resin cement.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0449 1806 downloads

Relevance of the ancestry for the variability of the Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes CYP2C9,CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 polymorphisms in a multiethnic Costa Rican population
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Céspedes-Garro, Carolina

; Rodrigues-Soares, Fernanda

; Jiménez-Arce, Gerardo

; Naranjo, María-Eugenia G.

; Tarazona-Santos, Eduardo

; Fariñas, Humberto

; Barrantes, Ramiro

; Llerena, Adrián

Revista de Biología Tropical

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sep 2016, Volume 64 N. 3 Pages 1067 - 1076

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

ResumenCYP2C9, CYP2C19 y CYP2D6 metabolizan aproximadamente el 40 % de los fármacos y los genes que las codifican varían en las distintas poblaciones humanas. La población costarricense posee ancestría trihíbrida y su posición geográfica estratégica la convierten en un escenario idóneo para evaluar la variabilidad interétnica en sus poblaciones multiétnicas. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo describir la diversidad de los polimorfismos CYP2C9, CYP2C19 y CYP2D6 en las poblaciones costarricenses en el contexto de su ancestría. Un total de 448 individuos sanos fueron incluidos: Bribri (n= 47), Cabécar (n= 27), Maleku (n= 16), Guaymí (n= 30), Huetar (n= 48), Chorotega (n= 41), mestizos del Valle Central y Guanacaste (n= 189) y afrocaribeños de Limón (n= 50). Los genotipos CYP2C9 (alelos *2, *3, *6) y CYP2C19 (*2, *3, *4, *5 y *17) fueron determinados mediante PCR tiempo real. Las ancestrías africana, europea y nativa americana fueron inferidas usando 87 marcadores informativos de ancestría. La frecuencia del alelo de actividad disminuida CYP2C9*2 fue menor en los grupos autodefinidos de amerindios que en la población mestiza y las frecuencias más altas de CYP2C19*2 (actividad nula) y CYP2C19*17 (actividad incrementada) se encontraron en la población autodefinida afrocaribeña. Asimismo, se encontró una frecuencia de gPMs CYP2C9 de 0.7 % en la población mestiza y una frecuencia variable de gUMs CYP2C19 (0.0 a 32.6 %, más prevalente en afrocaribeños) en las poblaciones costarricenses. Por último, los siguientes alelos fueron positivamente correlacionados con la ancestría africana y negativamente con la ancestría nativa americana: CYP2D6*5 (actividad nula), CYP2D6*17, CYP2D6*29 (ambos de actividad disminuida) y CYP2C19*17 (actividad incrementada). No se encontró correlación entre los polimorfismos CYP2C9 y la ancestría. Se requieren estudios posteriores que evalúen la secuencia de CYP2C9 y CYP2C19 en estas poblaciones, preferiblemente mediante la secuenciación de estos genes.

Abstract:CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 metabolize around 40 % of drugs and their genes vary across populations. The Costa Rican population has a trihybrid ancestry and its key geographic location turns it into a suitable scenario to evaluate interethnic differences across populations. This study aims to describe the diversity of CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 polymorphisms in Costa Rican populations in the context of their ancestry. A total of 448 healthy individuals were included in the study: Bribri (n= 47), Cabécar (n= 27), Maleku (n= 16), Guaymí (n= 30), Huetar (n= 48), Chorotega (n= 41), Admixed/Mestizos from the Central Valley/Guanacaste (n= 189), and Afro-Caribbeans (n= 50) from Limón. CYP2C9 (alleles *2, *3, *6) and CYP2C19 (*2, *3, *4, *5, *17) genotypes were determined by Real-Time PCR. African, European and Native American ancestry were inferred using 87 ancestry informative markers. The frequency of the decreased activity allele CYP2C9*2 is lower in the self-reported Amerindian groups compared to the admixed population, and the highest frequencies of CYP2C19*2 (null activity) and the CYP2C19*17 (increased activity) were found in the self-reported AfroCaribbean population. Moreover, a frequency of 0.7 % CYP2C9 gPMs in the Admixed population and a variable frequency of CYP2C19 gUMs (0.0-32.6 %, more prevalent in Afro-Caribbeans) in Costa Rican populations, was found. Finally, the following alleles were positively correlated with genomic African ancestry and negatively correlated with genomic Native American ancestry: CYP2D6*5 (null activity), CYP2D6*17 (decreased activity), CYP2D6*29 (decreased activity) and CYP2C19*17 (increased activity). No correlation for CYP2C9 polymorphisms and genomic ancestry was found. Further studies assessing the CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 sequence in these populations, preferentially by sequencing these genes, are warranted. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (3): 1067-1076. Epub 2016 September 01.

https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v64i3.20901 663 downloads

Ethnic background and CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms in Costa Ricans
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Céspedes-Garro, Carolina

; Jiménez-Arce, Gerardo

; G. Naranjo, María-Eugenia

; Barrantes, Ramiro

; LLerena, Adrián

Revista de Biología Tropical

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dec 2014, Volume 62 N. 4 Pages 1659 - 1671

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

El Consorcio de la Red Iberoamericana de Farmacogenética CEIBA.FP ha demostrado que existen diferencias en cuanto a CYP2D6 en las poblaciones latinoamericanas. Sin embargo, hasta ahora, se sabe poco de este gen de importancia farmacogenética en la población de Costa Rica, la cual tiene una ancestría trihíbrida. El presente estudio tiene como objetivos: determinar la frecuencia de los fenotipos extrapolados de CYP2D6 en una población costarricense y determinar si existen diferencias en cuanto a las frecuencias de metabolizadores lentos (PMs) y ultra-rápidos (UMs) entre tres grupos con distinto origen étnico. Adicionalmente, las frecuencias de PMs y UMs obtenidas en este estudio fueron comparadas con datos de poblaciones iberoamericanas. Por último, se pretende describir las frecuencias alélicas en los distintos grupos. En el estudio se incluyeron 385 muestras de individuos: 139 mestizos, 197 amerindios y 49 afro-caribeños. Los genotipos CYP2D6 fueron determinados por XL-PCR y PCR tiempo real. Se determinaron las variantes alélicas *2, *3, *4, *5, *6, *10, *17, *29, *35 y *41. Para la población total estudiada las frecuencia de PMs y UMs fueron respectivamente 6% y 6.5%. El porcentaje de individuos UMs fue mayor en la población mestiza que en la amerindia. La frecuencia de UMs varió de 3.6 a 10.1% y la de PMs de 1.4 a 10.1% en los grupos costarricenses. Las frecuencias más altas de UMs (10.1%) y de PMs (10.2%) se encontraron respectivamente en las poblaciones mestiza y amerindia. En conclusión, las frecuencias de UMs y PMs de CYP2D6 varían ampliamente en las poblaciones mestiza, amerindia y afro-caribeña de Costa Rica. Investigaciones futuras en la población de Costa Rica deberían orientarse a identificar nuevas variantes del CYP2D6 mediante métodos de secuenciación, así como a determi- nar el fenotipo de CYP2D6 con el objetivo de establecer la relación fenotipo-genotipo. Finalmente, es necesario realizar estudios adicionales que involucren marcadores genéticos de ancestría en la población costarricense.

CYP2D6 differences have already been demonstrated within Latin American populations by the CEIBA.FP Consortium of the Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics (RIBEF, as per the acronym in Spanish). However, within the population of Costa Rica, no research has been conducted until now, even though this population has a trihybrid component ancestry that represents an interesting condition. Thus, the present study was aimed to determine the frequency of Ultra-rapid Metabolizers (UMs) and Poor Metabolizers (PMs) in a Costa Rican population, as well as to determine whether there are differences in the CYP2D6-predicted phenotype frequencies among three Costa Rican groups with different ethnic backgrounds. Additionally, these frequencies of PMs and UMs obtained were compared with Ibero-American populations published data. Finally, we also aimed to describe allele frequencies among different Costa Rican ethnic groups. This research has been undertaken within the framework of the RIBEF CEIBA Consortium studies on Latin American populations. A total of 385 individuals were included in the study: 139 mestizos, 197 Amerindians, and 49 Afro-Caribbeans. CYP2D6 genotypes were determined by XL-PCR and Real-Time PCR. The CYP2D6 variant alleles *2, *3, *4, *5, *6, *10, *17, *29, *35 and *41 were also determined. For the entire Costa Rican population, the frequency of PMs and UMs was 6% and 6.5%, respectively. The percentage of UMs in the mestizo population was higher than in the Amerindian population. CYP2D6 UMs vary from 3.6% to 10.1% and PMs from 1.4% to 10.2% among three Costa Rican groups. The highest frequencies of UMs (10.1%) and PMs (10.2%) were found in the mestizo and Amerindian populations, respectively. In conclusion, the frequencies of UMs and PMs for CYP2D6 varied widely across the mestizo, Amerindian and Afro-Caribbean Costa Rican populations. Future research in this population should be oriented to identify new CYP2D6 variants through sequencing methods, as well as to determine CYP2D6 phenotype, in order to establish the phenotype-genotype relation. Finally, further studies involving genetic markers of ancestry are needed in the Costa Rican population.

2685 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

10.

Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre la enfermedad de Carrión en población rural de Ancash, Perú
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Llerena Luna, Carolina

; Schweig Groisman, Maggie

; Ugarte-Gil, César Augusto

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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may 2013, Volume 33 N. 5 Pages 311 - 315

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

OBJECTIVE: To assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices about Carrión's disease (bartonellosis) in rural communities with a history of epidemic outbreaks. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted in the communities of Huaripampa, Orcosh, and Opayaco (Ancash, Peru) in July 2010, to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices about Carrión's disease. Interviewees were aged >18 years and had resided in the community for at least one year. RESULTS: A total of 276 residents were surveyed; 36.6% were men, and 72.5% had not heard of Carrión's disease. Of those familiar with it, most (38.7%) said that it spreads through bites, and 26% did not know how it spreads. Regarding actions to take if Carrión's disease develops, 69.3% of respondents said they would go to a health center and over half reported having recommended preventive practices to relatives or acquaintances in the past. CONCLUSIONS: Even though these three communities have a history of Carrión's disease, their inhabitants did not demonstrate adequate knowledge, attitudes, or practices for preventing it. In view of this, and given that this illness has cyclical outbreaks, it is imperative to design and implement a program to educate residents of these communities-focusing on the role of habits and customs-about how to prevent Carrión's disease, as well as the region's other main endemic diseases.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar el conocimiento, las prácticas y las actitudes sobre la enfermedad de Carrión (bartonelosis) en poblaciones rurales con antecedentes de brotes epidémicos. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal realizado en las poblaciones de Huaripampa, Orcosh y Opayaco (Ancash, Perú) durante el mes de julio del 2010, utilizando una encuesta para evaluar el conocimiento, las prácticas y las actitudes sobre la enfermedad de Carrión. Se entrevistó solo a mayores de 18 años que tuviesen una antigüedad mínima de un año residiendo en esos poblados. RESULTADOS: Se realizaron encuestas a un total de 276 pobladores, de los cuales 36,6% fueron hombres y 72,5% no había oído hablar de la enfermedad de Carrión. Entre los que la conocían, la mayoría (38,7%) indicó que se contagia mediante picaduras, mientras que 26% manifestó no conocer la forma de contagio. Con respecto a las acciones que deberían tomarse en caso de presentar la enfermedad de Carrión, 69,3% de los encuestados refirieron que acudirían a un centro de salud y más de la mitad informó haber recomendado prácticas preventivas a familiares o conocidos en el pasado. CONCLUSIONES: A pesar de tratarse de comunidades históricamente afectadas por la enfermedad de Carrión, los pobladores de estas tres comunidades no mostraron un nivel adecuado de conocimientos, actitudes o prácticas para su prevención. En vista de ello, y teniendo en cuenta que este padecimiento ha presentado brotes cíclicos, se hace perentorio diseñar e implementar un programa que eduque a los habitantes de estos poblados -poniendo el foco en el papel de los usos y costumbres- sobre cómo prevenir la enfermedad de Carrión, así como el resto de las principales enfermedades endémicas de la región.

3063 downloads

11.

Atresia yeyunal con membrana duodenal de presentación tardía
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Pacheco Llerena R., Rodolfo

; León Arze, Francisco

; Nogales Hiza, Carolina

; Montaño Mariscal, M.

; Negrete Heredia, F.

; Moya, M.

Revista de la Sociedad Boliviana de Pediatría

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2011, Volume 50 N. 3 Pages 167 - 169

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Presentamos el caso clínico de una niña que fue atendida en la Caja Petrolera de Santa Cruz de la Sierra, por una atresia yeyunal con membrana duodenal de presentación tardía. Aprovechamos el caso para hacer una revisión del tema.

We describe the clinical case of a female seen at “Caja Petrolera of Santa Cruz de la Sierra”, because a jejunal atresia with duodenal membrane. We used this case to revise the subject.

872 downloads

12.

Mucopolysaccharidosis I, II, and VI: brief review and guidelines for treatment
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Giugliani, Roberto

; Federhen, Andressa

; Muñoz Rojas, Maria Verônica

; Vieira, Taiane

; Artigalás, Osvaldo

; Lapagesse Pinto, Louise

; Azevedo, Ana Cecília

; Acosta, Angelina

; Bonfim, Carmen

; Lourenço, Charles Marques

; Chong Ae, Kim

; Horovitz, Dafne

; Bonfim, Denize

; Norato, Denise

; Marinho, Diane

; Palhares, Durval

; Santos, Emerson Santana

; Ribeiro, Erlane

; Valadares, Eugênia

; Guarany, Fábio

; Lucca, Gisele Rosone de

; Pimentel, Helena

; Souza, Isabel Neves de

; Correa Neto, Jordão

; Fraga, José Carlos

; Goes, José Eduardo

; Cabral, José Maria

; Simionato, José

; Llerena Jr., Juan

; Jardim, Laura

; Giuliani, Liane

; Silva, Luiz Carlos Santana da

; Santos, Mara L.

; Moreira, Maria Angela

; Kerstenetzky, Marcelo

; Ribeiro, Márcia

; Ruas, Nicole

; Barrios, Patricia

; Aranda, Paulo

; Honjo, Rachel

; Boy, Raquel

; Costa, Ronaldo

; Souza, Carolina

; Alcantara, Flavio F.

; Avilla, Silvio Gilberto A.

; Fagondes, Simone

; Martins, Ana Maria

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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2010, Volume 33 N. 4 Pages 589 - 604

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are rare genetic diseases caused by the deficiency of one of the lysosomal enzymes involved in the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) breakdown pathway. This metabolic block leads to the accumulation of GAG in various organs and tissues of the affected patients, resulting in a multisystemic clinical picture, sometimes including cognitive impairment. Until the beginning of the XXI century, treatment was mainly supportive. Bone marrow transplantation improved the natural course of the disease in some types of MPS, but the morbidity and mortality restricted its use to selected cases. The identification of the genes involved, the new molecular biology tools and the availability of animal models made it possible to develop specific enzyme replacement therapies (ERT) for these diseases. At present, a great number of Brazilian medical centers from all regions of the country have experience with ERT for MPS I, II, and VI, acquired not only through patient treatment but also in clinical trials. Taking the three types of MPS together, over 200 patients have been treated with ERT in our country. This document summarizes the experience of the professionals involved, along with the data available in the international literature, bringing together and harmonizing the information available on the management of these severe and progressive diseases, thus disclosing new prospects for Brazilian patients affected by these conditions.

8605 downloads Cited 6 times in SciELO

13.

Terapia de reposição enzimática para as mucopolissacaridoses I, II e VI: recomendações de um grupo de especialistas brasileiros
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Giugliani, Roberto

; Federhen, Andressa

; Muñoz Rojas, Maria Verónica

; Vieira, Taiane Alves

; Artigalás, Osvaldo

; Pinto, Louise Lapagesse Carmargo

; Azevedo, Ana Cecília

; Acosta, Angelina Xavier

; Bomfim, Carmem

; Lourenço, Charles Marques

; Kim, Chong Ae

; Horovitz, Dafne

; Souza, Denize Bomfim

; Norato, Denise

; Marinho, Diane

; Palhares, Durval

; Santos, Emerson Santana

; Ribeiro, Erlane

; Valadares, Eugênia Ribeiro

; Guarany, Fábio

; De Lucca, Gisele Rosone

; Pimentel, Helena

; Souza, Isabel Neves de

; Corrêa Neto, Jordão

; Fraga, José Carlos

; Góes, José Eduardo

; Cabral, José Maria

; Simeonato, José

; Llerena Jr, Juan Clinton

; Jardim, Laura Bannach

; Giuliani, Liane de Rosso

; Silva, Luiz Carlos Santana da

; Santos, Mara

; Moreira, Maria Ângela

; Kerstenetzky, Marcelo

; Ribeiro, Márcia

; Ruas, Nicole

; Barrios, Patricia

; Aranda, Paulo

; Honjo, Rachel

; Boy, Raquel

; Costa, Ronaldo

; Souza, Carolina Fishinger Moura de

; Alcântara, Flavio F

; Avilla, Sylvio Gilberto A

; Fagondes, Simone

; Martins, Ana Maria

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira

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2010, Volume 56 N. 3 Pages 271 - 277

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

As mucopolissacaridoses (MPS) são doenças genéticas raras causadas pela deficiência de enzimas lisossômicas específicas que afetam o catabolismo de glicosaminoglicanos (GAG). O acúmulo de GAG em vários órgãos e tecidos nos pacientes afetados pelas MPS resulta em uma série de sinais e sintomas, integrantes de um quadro clínico multissistêmico que compromete ossos e articulações, vias respiratórias, sistema cardiovascular e muitos outros órgãos e tecidos, incluindo, em alguns casos, as funções cognitivas. Já foram identificados 11 defeitos enzimáticos que causam sete tipos diferentes de MPS. Antes do advento de terapias dirigidas para a restauração da atividade da enzima deficiente, o tratamento das MPS tinha como principal foco a prevenção e o cuidado das complicações, aspecto ainda bastante importante no manejo desses pacientes. Na década de 80 foi proposto o tratamento das MPS com transplante de medula óssea/transplante de células tronco hematopoiéticas (TMO/TCTH) e na década de 90 começou o desenvolvimento da Terapia de Reposição Enzimática (TRE), que se tornou uma realidade aprovada para uso clínico nas MPS I, II e VI na primeira década do século 21. Os autores deste trabalho têm a convicção de que um melhor futuro para os pacientes afetados pelas MPS depende da identificação, compreensão e manejo adequado das manifestações multissistêmicas dessas doenças, incluindo medidas de suporte (que devem fazer parte da assistência multidisciplinar regular destes pacientes) e terapias específicas. Embora a inibição da síntese de GAG e o resgate da atividade enzimática com moléculas pequenas também possam vir a ter um papel no manejo das MPS, o grande avanço disponível no momento é a TRE intravenosa. A TRE permitiu modificar radicalmente o panorama do tratamento das mucopolissacaridoses I, II e VI na última década, sendo que ainda pode estender seus benefícios em breve para a MPS IV A (cuja TRE já está em desenvolvimento clínico), com perspectivas para o tratamento da MPS III A e do déficit cognitivo na MPS II através de administração da enzima diretamente no sistema nervoso central (SNC). Um grande número de centros brasileiros, incluindo serviços de todas as regiões do país, já têm experiência com TRE para MPS I, II e VI. Essa experiência foi adquirida não só com o tratamento de pacientes como também com a participação de alguns grupos em ensaios clínicos envolvendo TRE para essas condições. Somados os três tipos de MPS, mais de 250 pacientes já foram tratados com TRE em nosso país. A experiência dos profissionais brasileiros, somada aos dados disponíveis na literatura internacional, permitiu elaborar este documento, produzido com o objetivo de reunir e harmonizar as informações disponíveis sobre o tratamento destas doenças graves e progressivas, mas que, felizmente, são hoje tratáveis, uma realidade que traz novas perspectivas para os pacientes brasileiros afetados por essas condições.

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are rare genetic diseases caused by deficiency of specific lysosomal enzymes that affect catabolism of glycosaminoglycans (GAG). Accumulation of GAG in various organs and tissues in MPS patients results in a series of signs and symptoms, producing a multisystemic condition affecting bones and joints, the respiratory and cardiovascular systems and many other organs and tissues, including in some cases, cognitive performance. So far, eleven enzyme defects that cause seven different types of MPS have been identified. Before introduction of therapies to restore deficient enzyme activity, treatment of MPS focused primnarily on prevention and care of complications, still a very important aspect in the management of these patients. In the 80's treatment of MPS with bone marrow transplantation/hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (BMT/HSCT) was proposed and in the 90's, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT),began to be developed and was approved for clinical use in MPS I, II and VI in the first decade of the 21st century. The authors of this paper are convinced that a better future for patients affected by mucopolysaccharidoses depends upon identifying, understanding and appropriately managing the multisystemic manifestations of these diseases. This includes the provision of support measures (which should be part of regular multidisciplinary care of these patients) and of specific therapies. Although inhibition of synthesis of GAG and the recovery of enzyme activity with small molecules also may play a role in the management of MPS, the breakthrough is the currently available intravenous ERT. ERT radically changed the setting for treatment of mucopolysaccharidosis I, II and VI in the last decade., Benefits can even be extended soon to MPS IV A (ERT for this condition is already in clinical development), with prediction for treatment of MPS III A and the cognitive deficit in MPS II by administration of the enzyme directly into the central nervous system (CNS). A large number of Brazilian services, from all regions of the country, already have experience with ERT for MPS I, II and VI. This experience was gained not only by treating patients but also with the participation of some groups in clinical trials involving ERT for these conditions. Summing up the three types of MPS, more than 250 patients have already been treated with ERT in Brazil. The experience of professionals coupled to the data available in international literature, allowed us to elaborate this document, produced with the goal of bringing together and harmonize the information available for the treatment of these severe and progressive diseases, which, fortunately, are now treatable, a situation which bring new perspectives for Brazilian patients, affected by these conditions.

25082 downloads Cited 2 times in SciELO

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