The microstructure, mechanical properties, and heat treatment process relationships of 45MnVS non-tempered steel were investigated. Different grain sizes and tissue ratios were obtained after heating and holding at 950, 1050, and 1150 °C for 30 min, respectively, and cooling at different cooling conditions and cooling rates. As the austenitizing temperature increased, the grain size and the elongation and section shrinkage of the experimental steels decreased. At the same time, the content of ferrite and pearlite in the tissue gradually decreases, the content of sorbite and troostite rises, and the strength and hardness of the experimental steel increase. With the increase of cold speed, ferrite’s content decreases, sorbite and troostite’s content increases, and strength and hardness increase. The original austenite grain size also influences the tissue ratio. As the austenite grain refines, the ferrite transformation temperature increases during cooling and the ferrite content in the tissue rises after cooling. microstructure properties MnVS nontempered non tempered investigated 950 1050 115 C 3 min respectively rates increased decreased time decreases speed ferrites s troostites ratio refines 95 105 11 9 10 1

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a potent antioxidant that is implicated in the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, but the underlying mechanism has not been determined. We explored the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in this process. RAW264.7 cells received receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and CoQ10, after which the differentiation and viability of osteoclasts were assessed. After the cells were treated with CoQ10 and/or H2O2 and RANKL, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proteins involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways and autophagy were tested. Moreover, after the cells were pretreated with or without inhibitors of the two pathways or with the mitophagy agonist, the levels of autophagy-related proteins and osteoclast markers were measured. CoQ10 significantly decreased the number of TRAP-positive cells and the level of ROS but had no significant impact on cell viability. The relative phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT, mTOR, ERK, and p38 were significantly reduced, but the levels of FOXO3/LC3/Beclin1 were significantly augmented. Moreover, the levels of FOXO3/LC3/Beclin1 were significantly increased by the inhibitors and mitophagy agonist, while the levels of osteoclast markers showed the opposite results. Our data showed that CoQ10 prevented RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by promoting autophagy via inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways in RAW264.7 cells. Q Q1 CoQ (CoQ10 determined process RAW2647 RAW RAW264 7 RAW264. NFκB NF κB RANKL (RANKL assessed CoQ1 andor HO H O H2O (ROS PI3KAKTmTOR PIKAKTmTOR PI3K AKT mTOR PI K tested Moreover agonist autophagyrelated related measured TRAPpositive TRAP positive PIK ERK p p3 reduced FOXO3LC3Beclin1 FOXOLCBeclin FOXO3 LC3 Beclin1 FOXO LC Beclin FOXO3/LC3/Beclin augmented results RANKLinduced induced (CoQ1 RAW26 KAKTmTOR FOXO3LC3Beclin (CoQ RAW2

Resumo Fundamento: A associação entre a duração do sono e a aterosclerose foi relatada em muitos estudos observacionais. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a sua importância como fator de risco para aterosclerose ou como consequência negativa da aterosclerose. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a associação causal entre a duração do sono e o risco de aterosclerose usando estatísticas resumidas de estudos de associação genômica ampla (GWAS) disponíveis publicamente. Métodos: Empregamos um método de randomização mendeliana (RM) de duas amostras com 2 coortes do MRC-IEU (n = 460.099) e do UK Biobank (n = 361.194) para investigar a associação causal entre a duração do sono e o risco de aterosclerose. Três métodos, incluindo a técnica de variância inversa ponderada (IVW), escore de perfil ajustado robusto (RAPS) e abordagem de mediana simples e ponderada, foram usados para obter resultados confiáveis, e uma razão de chances com intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95% foi calculada. P<0,05 foi considerado diferença estatística. Além disso, foram utilizadas análises de regressão: MR-Egger regression, Radial MR, MR-PRESSO e leave-one-out para avaliar os possíveis efeitos de pleiotropia. Resultados: Não foi encontrada associação causal entre duração do sono e aterosclerose [OR (IC95%): 0,90 (0,98-1,00), p = 0,186]. As análises Leave-one-out, MR-Egger, e MR-PRESSO não conseguiram detectar pleiotropia horizontal. Conclusões: Esta análise de RM não indicou nenhuma associação causal entre a duração do sono geneticamente prevista e a aterosclerose nas populações europeias. Fundamento observacionais entanto Objetivo GWAS (GWAS publicamente Métodos (RM MRCIEU MRC IEU n 460.099 460099 460 099 361.194 361194 361 194 métodos IVW, IVW , (IVW) RAPS (RAPS confiáveis IC (IC 95 calculada P005 P 0 05 P<0,0 estatística disso regressão MREgger MR Egger regression MRPRESSO PRESSO leaveoneout leave one out Resultados OR IC95% IC95 (IC95%) 090 90 0,9 0,981,00, 098100 0,98 1,00 98 1 00 (0,98-1,00) 0,186. 0186 0,186 . 186 0,186] Leaveoneout, Leaveoneout Leave out, Leave-one-out MREgger, Egger, horizontal Conclusões europeias 460.09 46009 46 09 361.19 36119 36 19 (IVW 9 P00 P<0, IC9 (IC95% 0, 981 0,981,00 09810 098 100 1,0 (0,98-1,00 018 0,18 18 460.0 4600 4 361.1 3611 3 P0 P<0 (IC95 0,981,0 0981 10 1, (0,98-1,0 01 0,1 460. 361. P< (IC9 0,981, (0,98-1, 0,981 (0,98-1 (0,98- (0,98 (0,9 (0, (0 (

Abstract Background: The association between the length of sleep and atherosclerosis has been reported in many observational studies. However, little is known about its significance as a risk factor for atherosclerosis or as a negative consequence of atherosclerosis. Objective: This study aimed to assess the causal association between sleep duration and the risk of atherosclerosis using publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics. Methods: We employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method with 2 cohorts from MRC-IEU (n=460,099) and UK Biobank (n=361,194) to investigate the causal association between sleep duration and the risk of atherosclerosis. Three methods including the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) technique, Robust adjusted profile score (RAPS), and simple-and weighted-median approach were used to obtain reliable results, and an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. P<0.05 was considered as a statistical difference. In addition, MR-Egger regression, Radial MR, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out analyses were used to assess the possible pleiotropy effects. Results: No causal association of sleep duration with atherosclerosis was found [OR (95%CI): 0.90 (0.98-1.00), p = 0.186]. Leave-one-out, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO analyses failed to detect horizontal pleiotropy. Conclusions: This MR analysis indicated no causal association between genetically predicted sleep duration and atherosclerosis across European populations. Background However Objective genomewide genome wide GWAS (GWAS statistics Methods twosample two sample (MR MRCIEU MRC IEU n=460,099 n460099 n 460 099 (n=460,099 n=361,194 n361194 361 194 (n=361,194 inversevariance inverse variance IVW (IVW technique RAPS, RAPS , (RAPS) simpleand simple weightedmedian median results 95 CI (CI calculated P005 P 0 05 P<0.0 difference addition MREgger Egger regression MRPRESSO, MRPRESSO PRESSO, PRESSO leaveoneout leave one out effects Results OR 95%CI 95CI (95%CI) 090 90 0.9 0.981.00, 098100 0.98 1.00 98 1 00 (0.98-1.00) 0.186. 0186 0.186 . 186 0.186] Leaveoneout, Leaveoneout Leave out, Leave-one-out MREgger, Egger, Conclusions populations n=460,09 n46009 46 09 (n=460,09 n=361,19 n36119 36 19 (n=361,19 (RAPS 9 P00 P<0. (95%CI 0. 981 0.981.00 09810 098 100 1.0 (0.98-1.00 018 0.18 18 n=460,0 n4600 4 (n=460,0 n=361,1 n3611 3 (n=361,1 P0 P<0 0.981.0 0981 10 1. (0.98-1.0 01 0.1 n=460, n460 (n=460, n=361, n361 (n=361, P< 0.981. (0.98-1. n=460 n46 (n=460 n=361 n36 (n=361 0.981 (0.98-1 n=46 n4 (n=46 n=36 n3 (n=36 (0.98- n=4 (n=4 n=3 (n=3 (0.98 n= (n= (0.9 (n (0. (0 (

Resumo Fundamento: O manejo da insuficiência cardíaca (IC) tem melhorado acentuadamente, mas uma melhora clinicamente significativa na capacidade funcional e na qualidade de vida talvez seja mais importante para os pacientes do que viver mais. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo revisar a melhora na qualidade de vida com sacubitril/valsartan em pacientes com IC e fração de ejeção (FE) reduzida/preservada a partir de ensaios clínicos prospectivos. Métodos: PubMed, Embase e Cochrane Library foram pesquisados em busca de ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECRs) e estudos de coorte prospectivos publicados desde o início até julho de 2021. Um total de 6 ensaios clínicos e 16.854 pacientes com IC foram incluídos. O desfecho primário foi a alteração da linha de base na pontuação do resumo clínico do KCCQ. Os desfechos secundários foram pontuações em outros domínios do KCCQ, ocorrência de eventos adversos graves (EAs) e mortalidade geral. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados: O tratamento de sacubitril/valsartan mostrou KCCQ-CSS significativamente maior em comparação com o controle (DMP=0,975, IC 95%:0,885, 1,064, p<0,001; I2=94,8%, pheterogeneidade<0,001). Uma diminuição significativa na taxa de mortalidade foi observada no grupo sacubitril/valsartan em comparação com o grupo controle (RR=0,895, IC 95%: 0,831, 0,965, p=0,004; I2=43,6%, pheterogeneidade=0,150). No entanto, nenhuma redução significativa na ocorrência de EAs graves foi encontrada entre pacientes com IC tratados com sacubitril/valsartan em comparação com o grupo controle (RR=0,950, IC 95%: 0,879, 1,027, p<0,001; I2=68,1%, pheterogeneidade= 0,024). Conclusões: Nosso estudo demonstrou que o sacubitril/valsartan pode melhorar significativamente a QVRS em comparação com outros tratamentos de acordo com os resultados do KCCQ-CSS e alguns subdomínios do índice KCCQ durante o acompanhamento em pacientes com IC. Fundamento (IC acentuadamente Objetivo sacubitrilvalsartan sacubitril valsartan FE (FE reduzidapreservada reduzida preservada Métodos PubMed ECRs (ECRs 2021 16854 16 854 16.85 incluídos (EAs geral 005 0 05 0,0 significativos Resultados KCCQCSS CSS DMP=0,975, DMP0975 DMP 975 (DMP=0,975 95%0,885, 950885 95% 0,885, 95 885 95%:0,885 1064 1 064 1,064 p<0,001 p0001 001 I2948 I I2 94 8 I2=94,8% pheterogeneidade<0,001. pheterogeneidade0001 pheterogeneidade pheterogeneidade<0,001 . pheterogeneidade<0,001) RR=0,895, RR0895 RR 895 (RR=0,895 0831 831 0,831 0965 965 0,965 p=0,004 p0004 004 I2436 43 I2=43,6% pheterogeneidade=0,150. pheterogeneidade0150 pheterogeneidade=0,150 150 pheterogeneidade=0,150) entanto RR=0,950, RR0950 950 (RR=0,950 0879 879 0,879 1027 027 1,027 I2681 68 I2=68,1% 0,024. 0024 0,024 024 0,024) Conclusões 202 1685 85 16.8 00 0, DMP=0,975 DMP097 97 (DMP=0,97 95%0,885 95088 0885 0,885 9 88 95%:0,88 106 06 1,06 p<0,00 p000 I294 I2=94,8 pheterogeneidade000 pheterogeneidade<0,00 RR=0,895 RR089 89 (RR=0,89 083 83 0,83 096 96 0,96 p=0,00 I243 4 I2=43,6 pheterogeneidade015 pheterogeneidade=0,15 15 RR=0,950 RR095 (RR=0,95 087 87 0,87 102 02 1,02 I268 I2=68,1 002 0,02 20 168 16. DMP=0,97 DMP09 (DMP=0,9 95%0,88 9508 088 0,88 95%:0,8 10 1,0 p<0,0 p00 I29 I2=94, pheterogeneidade00 pheterogeneidade<0,0 RR=0,89 RR08 (RR=0,8 08 0,8 09 0,9 p=0,0 I24 I2=43, pheterogeneidade01 pheterogeneidade=0,1 RR=0,95 RR09 (RR=0,9 I26 I2=68, 2 DMP=0,9 DMP0 (DMP=0, 95%0,8 95%:0, 1, p<0, p0 I2=94 pheterogeneidade0 pheterogeneidade<0, RR=0,8 RR0 (RR=0, p=0, I2=43 pheterogeneidade=0, RR=0,9 I2=68 DMP=0, (DMP=0 95%0, 95%:0 p<0 I2=9 pheterogeneidade<0 RR=0, (RR=0 p=0 I2=4 pheterogeneidade=0 I2=6 DMP=0 (DMP= 95%0 p< I2= pheterogeneidade< RR=0 (RR= p= DMP= (DMP RR= (RR

Abstract Background: Heart failure (HF) management has markedly improved, but a clinically meaningful improvement in functional capacity and quality of life is perhaps more important for patients than living longer. Objective: This study aimed to review the improvement in quality of life with sacubitril/valsartan in patients with HF and reduced/preserved ejection fraction (EF) from prospective clinical trials. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies published from inception to July 2021. A total of 6 clinical trials and 16854 patients with HF were included. The primary outcome was the change from baseline in KCCQ clinical summary score. The secondary outcomes were scores in other domains of KCCQ, the occurrence of serious adverse events (AEs), and overall mortality. P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Treatment of sacubitril/valsartan showed significantly higher KCCQ-CSS compared to the control (WMD=0.975, 95% CI: 0.885, 1.064, p<0.001; I2=94.8%, pheterogeneity<0.001). A significant decrease in the mortality rate was observed in the sacubitril/valsartan group compared to the control group (RR=0.895, 95%CI:0.831, 0.965, p=0.004; I2=43.6%, pheterogeneity=0.150). Nevertheless, no significant reduction in the occurrence of serious AEs was found among HF patients treated with sacubitril/valsartan compared to the control group (RR=0.950, 95%CI: 0.879, 1.027, p<0.001; I2=68.1%, pheterogeneity=0.024). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that sacubitril/valsartan might significantly improve the HRQL compared to other treatments according to the results in KCCQ-CSS and some subdomains in the KCCQ index during the follow-up in patients with HF. Background (HF improved longer Objective sacubitrilvalsartan sacubitril valsartan reducedpreserved reduced preserved EF (EF Methods PubMed Embase RCTs (RCTs 2021 1685 included score AEs, , (AEs) Pvalues P values 005 0 05 <0.0 Results KCCQCSS CSS WMD=0.975, WMD0975 WMD 975 (WMD=0.975 95 CI 0885 885 0.885 1064 1 064 1.064 p<0.001 p0001 p 001 I2948 I I2 94 8 I2=94.8% pheterogeneity<0.001. pheterogeneity0001 pheterogeneity pheterogeneity<0.001 . pheterogeneity<0.001) RR=0.895, RR0895 RR 895 (RR=0.895 95%CI0.831, 95CI0831 95%CI 0.831, 831 95%CI:0.831 0965 965 0.965 p=0.004 p0004 004 I2436 43 I2=43.6% pheterogeneity=0.150. pheterogeneity0150 pheterogeneity=0.150 150 pheterogeneity=0.150) Nevertheless RR=0.950, RR0950 950 (RR=0.950 95CI 0879 879 0.879 1027 027 1.027 I2681 68 I2=68.1% pheterogeneity=0.024. pheterogeneity0024 pheterogeneity=0.024 024 pheterogeneity=0.024) Conclusions followup follow up 202 168 (AEs 00 <0. WMD=0.975 WMD097 97 (WMD=0.97 9 088 88 0.88 106 06 1.06 p<0.00 p000 I294 I2=94.8 pheterogeneity000 pheterogeneity<0.00 RR=0.895 RR089 89 (RR=0.89 CI0 95%CI0.831 95CI083 0831 0.831 83 95%CI:0.83 096 96 0.96 p=0.00 I243 4 I2=43.6 pheterogeneity015 pheterogeneity=0.15 15 RR=0.950 RR095 (RR=0.95 087 87 0.87 102 02 1.02 I268 I2=68.1 pheterogeneity002 pheterogeneity=0.02 20 16 <0 WMD=0.97 WMD09 (WMD=0.9 08 0.8 10 1.0 p<0.0 p00 I29 I2=94. pheterogeneity00 pheterogeneity<0.0 RR=0.89 RR08 (RR=0.8 95%CI0.83 95CI08 083 0.83 95%CI:0.8 09 0.9 p=0.0 I24 I2=43. pheterogeneity01 pheterogeneity=0.1 RR=0.95 RR09 (RR=0.9 I26 I2=68. pheterogeneity=0.0 2 < WMD=0.9 WMD0 (WMD=0. 0. 1. p<0. p0 I2=94 pheterogeneity0 pheterogeneity<0. RR=0.8 RR0 (RR=0. 95%CI0.8 95CI0 95%CI:0. p=0. I2=43 pheterogeneity=0. RR=0.9 I2=68 WMD=0. (WMD=0 p<0 I2=9 pheterogeneity<0 RR=0. (RR=0 95%CI0. 95%CI:0 p=0 I2=4 pheterogeneity=0 I2=6 WMD=0 (WMD= p< I2= pheterogeneity< RR=0 (RR= 95%CI0 p= pheterogeneity= WMD= (WMD RR= (RR

Abstract Background Previous studies have suggested that systemic metabolic abnormalities are closely related to psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and indirect bilirubin (IBIL), two essential active substances in hepatic metabolism that have been demonstrated as an oxidative and anti-oxidative factor respectively, have been proved to be involved in oxidative stress damage and inflammation in several human diseases. However, their role in PsA remains unclear. Methods In this retrospective comparative cohort study, a case group of 68 PsA patients and a control group of 73 healthy volunteers from the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University were enrolled. Serum GGT, IBIL, GGT/IBIL ratio and C-reactive protein (CRP), a well applied bio-marker of systemic inflammatory in PsA, were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, the relationship of GGT, IBIL and GGT/IBIL with CRP were explored in PsA patients. Finally, the patients were divided into high inflammation group and low inflammation group according to the median value of CRP. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used for the association of systemic inflammation level with GGT, IBIL and GGT/IBIL. Results Compared with healthy controls, PsA patients exhibited significantly higher serum GGT, GGT/IBIL, and CRP levels and lower IBIL levels. Serum GGT and GGT/IBIL were positively correlated with CRP, whereas IBIL were negatively correlated with CRP. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that serum GGT was a risk factor for high CRP in PsA, whereas IBIL was a protective factor. Furthermore, GGT/IBIL was a better indicator of high CRP condition in PsA patients than either GGT or IBIL alone, as determined by the receiver operating characteristic curves. Conclusion GGT and IBIL may participate in the pathogenesis of PsA. Additionally, GGT, IBIL and the balance of the two may reflect systemic inflammation mediated by oxidative stress events related to metabolic abnormalities to a certain extent. . (PsA) Gammaglutamyl Gamma glutamyl (GGT , (IBIL) antioxidative anti respectively diseases However unclear study 6 7 enrolled GGTIBIL Creactive C reactive (CRP) biomarker bio marker groups Furthermore Finally controls alone curves Additionally extent (PsA (IBIL (CRP

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with different levels of nano-selenium (NS) on growth performance, antioxidant activity, biochemical parameters, and selenium content in Landes geese. A total of 120 80-week-old healthy Landes geese (4.44±0.03 kg) were randomly assigned to three groups, each with four replicates of 10 birds. The control birds were fed a basal diet without further dietary supplementation (0.0 mg/kg of NS) and the two experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with dietary NS at 0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg of feed. The results demonstrated that NS dietary supplementation had no significant effect on growth performance. Increased total superoxide dismutase activity in serum, breast muscle and liver, glutathione peroxidase level in serum and liver, and catalase in breast muscle and liver were observed for both NS supplemented groups. Additionally, reduced malondialdehyde in serum, breast muscle, and liver was detected in both NS-supplemented groups. Compared with the control, the birds fed diets supplemented with NS had lower concentrations of alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased. Furthermore, increased selenium, especially in the liver, was found in groups with dietary supplementation of NS. These findings suggest the supplementation of NS in diets can improve antioxidant status, biochemical parameters, and tissue selenium content, although it has no significant effect on growth performance of Landes geese. nanoselenium nano (NS parameters 12 80weekold weekold 80 week old 4.44±0.03 444003 4 44 0 03 (4.44±0.0 kg 1 0.0 00 (0. mgkg mg 02 2 0. 04 feed Additionally NSsupplemented aminotransferase triglyceride lowdensity low density highdensity high Furthermore status 8 4.44±0.0 44400 (4.44±0. (0 4.44±0. 4440 (4.44±0 ( 4.44±0 444 (4.44± 4.44± (4.44 4.44 (4.4 4.4 (4. 4. (4

Abstract In this research, a total of 47 samples from five types of fermented soybeans were selected. The physicochemical parameters, biogenic amines (BAs) and bioactive compounds such as isoflavones, total phenolic (TPC) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were investigated. The results showed that the contents of isoflavones ranged from 598.06 mg/kg to 2725.03 mg/kg in all samples and it varied from 598.96 mg/kg to 2241.67 mg/kg in Semen Sojae Preparatum (SSP) which was higher than other types of fermented soybeans. The maximum variation of GABA content was found in Aspergillus-type douchi (AD) samples. The maximum value of TPC in SSP was 4.53 g/kg. For BAs, the indicator of spoilage, 4.26% of fermented soybeans samples may lead to histamine poisoning and 42.55% of samples with total BAs contents exceeding 100 mg/kg may be harmful to human body. It indicated that different types of fermented soybeans had various bioactive compounds and BAs, so different fermented soybeans could be selected according to bioactive substances. This finding could provide comprehensive information of health beneficial compounds and BAs risks of fermented soybeans. It could guide consumers to select healthy, nutritious and safety fermented soybeans. research 4 parameters (BAs (TPC γaminobutyric γ aminobutyric (GABA investigated 59806 598 06 598.0 mgkg mg kg 272503 2725 03 2725.0 59896 96 598.9 224167 2241 67 2241.6 (SSP Aspergillustype Aspergillus type AD (AD 453 53 4.5 gkg g g/kg spoilage 426 26 4.26 4255 42 55 42.55 10 body substances healthy 5980 59 0 598. 27250 272 2725. 5989 9 22416 224 6 2241. 45 5 4. 2 4.2 425 42.5 1 27 22 42.

ABSTRACT As a common problem in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production, lodging will not only increase harvest costs and reduce rice production, but also affect rice taste seriously and reduce its commercial value. There is still a lack of systematic research on the effect of lodging resistance of rice after returning wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw to the field. The study evaluated the effects of continuous straw returning and different fertilizer input levels on the lodging resistance of rice stalks based on years of experiments, using a split zone design with two factors including full return of straw to the field and straw removal, and three fertilization levels (conventional fertilization, 50% of conventional fertilization and no fertilization) under each factor, for a total of six treatments. Results suggested that under the same level of chemical fertilizer application, treatments of straw returning significantly increased stalk flexural resistance up to 33.74% as well as decreased the lodging index by a maximum of 33.86% compared with straw removal. Decrease of chemical fertilizer application increased significantly stalk flexural resistance, while decreased significantly lodging index. Rice plant height, center of gravity height, internode length, stem wall thickness and internode dry weight were main factors that influence rice lodging resistance. Compared with straw removal, straw returning combined with chemical fertilizers applying could significantly increase rice yield up to 19.62%. The increase in rice yield increased the risk of rice lodging. The continuous return of straw to the field combined with the application of chemical fertilizers reduced the risk of rice lodging to a certain extent, and meanwhile it achieved successive annual increase in rice production, which has a good promotion prospect.

ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate the relationship between atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and CXC chemokine receptor type 2 (CXCR2). Methods Mouse AAA model was established by embedding angiotensin-II pump (1000 ng/kg/min) in ApoE-/- mice. Mice were received SB225002, a selective CXCR2 antagonist, for treatment. Blood pressure was recorded, and CXCR2+ macrophages were examined by flow cytometry analysis. Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was performed to detect cell apoptosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Macrophages were isolated from ApoE-/- mice and treated with Ang II and/or SB225002. Dihydroethidium staining was carried out to determine reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine the production of IL-1β and TNF-α. The corresponding gene expressions were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blot, and immunohistochemistry staining. Results We found that Ang II activated the expression of CXCR2 in monocytes during the formation of AAA. Inhibition of CXCR2 significantly reduced the size of AAA, attenuated inflammation and phenotypic changes in blood vessels. Ang II-induced macrophages exhibited elevated ROS activity, and elevated levels of 1β and TNF-α, which were then partly abolished by SB225002. Conclusions CXCR2 plays an important role in AAA, suggesting that inhibiting CXCR2 may be a new treatment for AAA.

Abstract The mechanisms by which GnIH regulates the steroid synthesis pathway in duck granulosa cells remain poorly understood. In this study, we measured steroid hormone secretion by ELISA and reproduction-associated gene expression by quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) in duck granulosa cells treated with different concentrations of GnIH (0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL) for 24 h. The genome-wide expression profiles of GnIH-treated cells (0 and 10 ng/mL) were evaluated by high-throughput RNA sequencing. Compared with untreated cells, the secretion of the steroid hormones E2, E1, P4, and T was downregulated, with that of E1 and P4 reaching statistical significance (P<0.05); in contrast, the secretion of ACV and INH was significantly upregulated (P<0.05) after treatment with 10 and 100 ng/mL GnIH. The expression of encoding steroidogenic proteins and enzymes genes (STAR, CYP11A1, CYP17A1, CYP19A1, and 3-β-HSD) and encoding gonadotropin receptors genes (FSHR, LHR) were significantly declined (P<0.05) in the 10 and 100 ng/mL GnIH treatments. Transcriptome sequencing identified 348 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 253 upregulated and 95 downregulated genes. The DEGs were mainly involved in cell growth and death, immune response, and steroid biosynthesis pathways. We identified four novel DEGs (MROH5, LOC113840576, SDR42E1, and LOC113841457) with key roles in the regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis. Our study revealed changes in gonadal steroid hormone secretion and steroid biosynthesis pathway-related gene expression in duck granulosa cells under the inhibitory effect of GnIH. These data contribute to our understanding of the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying reproduction in ducks.

RESUMEN En este estudio se establece el modelo de predicción de la productividad zonal en los pozos horizontales fracturados en reservorios compactos con base en un modelo físico de pozos horizontales fracturados para estudiar el regimen de filtración en reservorios compactos no convencionales. Los autores utilizaron la transformación conforme y el método de reiteración para resolver el problema. Se estudió la optimización de los parámetros de producción en pozos horizontales fracturados en comparación con los métodos de Fan Zifei y de Ning Zhengfu. Además, se analizaron los efectos de la presión inicial de la inclinación y el complejo de fracturas en la productividad de los pozos horizontales con el índice de fracturamiento. El análisis de regresión multivariante se utilizó para clasificar la importancia de los factores influenciadores. Los resultados muestran que la presión inicial de la inclinación tiene el mayor impacto en la capacidad. El ejemplo de aplicación de pozos horizontales fracturados en el reservorio compacto de Lucaogou muestra que el modelo de productividad zonal que se estableció en este estudio puede usarse para predecir la productividad inicial en estos pozos. De este modo, a través del análisis teórico y la simulación numérica, el modelo de predicción de productividad de pozos horizontales fracturados tiene una significancia para el desarrollo efectivo de reservorios compactos.

ABSTRACT The zonal productivity prediction model of volume fractured horizontal wells in tight reservoirs is established in this study based on the physical model of volume fractured horizontal wells to study the near-well seepage law of volume fractured horizontal wells in unconventional tight reservoirs. The conformal transformation and iteration method are used to solve the problem. Compared with Fan Zifei's and Ning Zhengfu's method, the optimization of fractured horizontal wells' production parameters is studied. The effects of starting pressure gradient and fracture cluster number on horizontal wells' productivity with volume fracturing are analyzed. Multivariate regression analysis is used to rank the importance of influencing factors. The results show that the starting pressure gradient has the most significant impact on capacity. The application example of volume fractured horizontal wells in Lucaogou tight reservoir shows that the zonal productivity model established in this study can be used to predict the initial productivity of volume fractured horizontal wells. Thus, through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the productivity prediction model of horizontal wells with volume fracturing has certain guiding significance for the effective development of tight reservoirs.

RESUMO: Depois de usar o método conhecido como escala de cinza para plantas de milho, a diferença de escala de cinza entre diferentes partes da planta é grande ou a diferenciação do solo não é alta, a precisão do trajeto de navegação é baixa e a velocidade é lenta. Neste trabalho foi proposto um novo método de extração da linha de referência de navegação para campos de milho, que é usado para controlar a caminhada de robôs agrícolas. Os métodos de projeto incluem: segmentação de imagem, extração de ponto de navegação e encaixe de linha de navegação. A segmentação por imagem é baseada na separação de culturas e solos com base no novo fator de escala de cinza combinado com a filtragem mediana, método de Otsu e operação morfológica. A extração de pontos de navegação é baseada em um mapa de projeção vertical de imagem de dois valores para obter a área de interesse, e as coordenadas do ponto de navegação são determinadas por cálculo do ponto central relativo no pixel branco da linha amostral na área de interesse. O fator de escala de cinza melhorado nesta pesquisa irá extrair o centro da entre linha de plantio alvo com uma taxa de precisão de 92%. A precisão de extração da linha de navegação é mais de 90%. O erro máximo foi de 5cm quando o experimento de rastreamento de navegação em tempo foi é realizado em campos de milho.

ABSTRACT: Focusing on the problem that corn plant in different growth periods is grayed out by known methods, the gray scale difference of different part is large or the soil discrimination degree is not high, the navigation path is low in accuracy and speed. This paper proposed a new method for extracting cornfield navigation baselines, which is used to control walking of agricultural robots. Design method included image segmentation, navigation point extraction, and navigation path fitting. Image segmentation is based on a new grayscale factor combined with median filtering, OSTU method and morphological operations to achieve the separation of crops and soil. The extraction of the navigation point is based on the binary image vertical projection map to obtain the region of interest, and the navigation point coordinates are determined by calculating the relative center point of the white pixel points of the sampling line in the region of interest. The Hough transform is used to fit the navigation point obtained by the vertical projection map to determine the navigation path, and then the control parameters are obtained. The gray scale factor that is improved in this paper combined with the vertical projection map can extract the target ridge with an accuracy rate of 92%, and the accuracy of extracting the navigation line is more than 90%. When conducting navigation tracking experiments in corn field, the maximum error is 5cm.

RESUMO: Para resolver o problema que os nós do caule são difíceis de identificar no processo de corte automático de sementes de cana-de-açúcar, é proposto, neste artigo, um método para identificar os nós do colmo da cana-de-açúcar com base nos pontos extremos da função de projeção vertical. Em primeiro lugar, a fim de reduzir a influência da luz no processamento da imagem, a imagem de cor RGB foi convertida em imagem de cor HSI, e a imagem de componente S do espaço de cores HSI é extraída como um objeto de pesquisa. Em seguida, o método Otsu foi usado para binarizar o mapa do componente S, e a operação morfológica fechada foi usada para preencher os espaços da imagem binária, e a projeção horizontal da imagem binária foi usada para separar a cana de açúcar do fundo. Finalmente, a posição do caule de cana-de-açúcar foi preliminarmente determinada através da tomada contínua do derivado da função de projeção vertical da imagem binária, e a soma do valor pixel local da coluna de pixel suspeito foi comparada para determinar ainda mais o nódulo da cana-de-açúcar. Os resultados experimentais mostram que a taxa de reconhecimento do nó de haste única foi de 100%, o desvio padrão foi inferior a 1.1 mm. A precisão da identificação simultânea de nós de haste dupla foi de 98%, o desvio padrão foi menor que 1.7 mm. A precisão da identificação simultânea dos três nós de haste é de 95%, o desvio padrão foi inferior a 2.2 mm. Comparado com os outros métodos introduzidos neste artigo, o método proposto possui maior reconhecimento e precisão.

ABSTRACT: In order to solve the problem that the stem nodes are difficult to identify in the process of sugarcane seed automatic cutting, a method of identifying the stem nodes of sugarcane based on the extreme points of vertical projection function is proposed in this paper. Firstly, in order to reduce the influence of light on image processing, the RGB color image is converted to HSI color image, and the S component image of the HSI color space is extracted as a research object. Then, the S component image is binarized by the Otsu method, the hole of the binary image is filled by morphology closing algorithm, and the sugarcane and the background are initially separated by the horizontal projection map of the binary image. Finally, the position of sugarcane stem is preliminarily determined by continuously taking the derivative of the vertical projection function of the binary image, and the sum of the local pixel value of the suspicious pixel column is compared to further determine the sugarcane stem node. The experimental results showed that the recognition rate of single stem node is 100%, and the standard deviation is less than 1.1 mm. The accuracy of simultaneous identification of double stem nodes is 98%, and the standard deviation is less than 1.7 mm. The accuracy of simultaneous identification of the three stem nodes is 95%, and the standard deviation is less than 2.2 mm. Compared with the other methods introduced in this paper, the proposed method has higher recognition and accuracy.

Abstract Gynostemma yixingense, an important medicinal member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is an endemic herbaceous species distributed in East China. It is morphologically similar to the plants in the same genus, which resulted in some confusion in identification and application. Meanwhile, there are still some controversies in taxonomy. Herein, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of G. yixingense was obtained by Illumina paired-end sequencing technology and compared to other chloroplast genome sequences of congeneric species. The complete chloroplast genome of G. yixingense is 157,910 bp in length with 36.94% GC content and contains a large single-copy (LSC) region of 86,791 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,635 bp and a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 26,242 bp. The whole genome contains 133 unique genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, eight rRNA genes and one pseudogene. In addition, 74 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified, most of which were A/T rich. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that G. yixingense had the closest relationship to G. laxiflorum. The result of this study provided an important theoretical basis for chloroplast genome and phylogenetic analysis of G. yixingense.