Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and changes in lipoprotein. Literature data suggest that cholesterol associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDLc) plays a protective role against albuminuria and diabetic nephropathy. These factors are related with changes in serum apolipoproteins such Apo A-I. This work aims to evaluate the correlation of apolipoprotein A-I with renal function in diabetic outpatients. Samples were collected from 281 outpatients for analyses of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine (SCr), urea (BUN), cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDLc) and estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Urinary samples were obtained to assess urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR). Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) was calculated to estimate insulin resistance. The mean age was 61,5 ± 16,4 years. Most patients were female, Afro-Mestizo and over 50 years of age. Pearson's revealed negative correlation of creatinine with HDLc and Apo A-I. There was a correlation of eGFR with HbA1c, TG and HDLc. TyG presented a negative correlation with Apo A-I and HDLc. The highest quartiles of UACR presented the highest TyG and the lowest Apo A-I. In conclusion, Apo A-I indicated an association with insulin resistance and changes in renal function parameters, especially as a factor associated with the onset of albuminuria, with a better predictive potential than the HDLc. DM (DM CKD (CKD highdensity high density (HDLc nephropathy AI. AI A I. I 28 HbA1c HbAc , HbA c (HbA1c) SCr, SCr (SCr) BUN, BUN (BUN) TC, TC (TC) TG, (TG) HDLcholesterol HDL eGFR. . (eGFR) UACR. (UACR) Triglycerideglucose Triglyceride glucose (TyG 615 61 5 61, 164 16 4 16, female AfroMestizo Afro Mestizo Pearsons Pearson s conclusion parameters 2 (HbA1c (SCr (BUN (TC (TG (eGFR (UACR 6 1

RESUMO: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de criar uma ferramenta para mensurar imagens ultrassonográficas da área do olho de lombo em ovinos. Foram capturadas 121 imagens ultrassonográficas de ovinos, a partir das quais foram segmentadas regiões de interesse utilizando o algoritmo u-net. As métricas adotadas para avaliar as segmentações automáticas foram Dicescore e Interseção sobre União. Por fim, foi realizada análise de regressão utilizando os algoritmos AdaBoost Regressor e Random Forest Regressor e o ajuste dos modelos foi avaliado por meio de quadrado médio dos resíduos, erro absoluto médio e coeficiente de determinação (R²). Os valores obtidos para a métrica Dice foram 0,94, e para Interseção sobre União foi 0,89, demonstrando uma alta similaridade entre os valores reais e previstos, variando de 0 a 1. Os valores de quadrado médio dos resíduos, erro absoluto médio e coeficiente de determinação do modelo de regressores indicaram o melhor ajuste para o Random Forest Regressor. O algoritmo U-Net segmentou com eficiência as imagens ultrassonográficas do músculo Longissimus Dorsi, com maior precisão que as medidas realizadas pelo especialista. Essa eficiente segmentação permitiu a padronização das medidas de área de olho de lombo e, consequentemente, a fenotipagem de ovinos de corte em larga escala. RESUMO 12 unet. unet u net. net u-net fim resíduos R². R² R . (R²) 094 94 0,94 089 89 0,89 previstos 1 UNet U Net Dorsi especialista consequentemente escala (R² 09 9 0,9 08 8 0,8 (R 0,

ABSTRACT: The present research created a tool to measure ultrasound images of the rib eye area in sheep. One hundred twenty-one ultrasound images of sheep were captured, with regions of interest segmented using the U-Net algorithm. The metrics adopted to evaluate automatic segmentations were Dicescore and intersection over union. Finally, a regression analysis was performed using the AdaBoost Regressor and Random Forest Regressor algorithms and the fit of the models was evaluated using the Mean Square Residuals, mean absolute error and coefficient of determination. The values obtained for the Dice metric were 0.94, and for Intersection over Union it was 0.89, demonstrating a high similarity between the actual and predicted values, ranging from 0 to 1. The values of Mean Quadratic Residuals, mean absolute error and coefficient The determination of the regressor models indicated the best fit for the Random Forest Regressor. The U-Net algorithm efficiently segmented ultrasound images of the Longissimus Dorsi muscle, with greater precision than the measurements performed by the specialist. This efficient segmentation allowed the standardization of rib eye area measurements and, consequently, the phenotyping of beef sheep on a large scale. ABSTRACT twentyone twenty one captured UNet U Net union Finally Residuals 094 94 0.94 089 89 0.89 1 muscle specialist consequently scale 09 9 0.9 08 8 0.8 0.

Abstract This cross-sectional study investigated the association of SNPs rs670 (C>T) and rs693 (G>A) with parameters of lipid metabolism and endothelial activation in 167 subjects, including 86 COVID-19 outpatients and 81 healthy subjects (control group) matched for sex and age. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-c), triglycerides (TG), apolipoproteins (Apo A-I and B), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were determined. The SNPs were genotyped by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). A p -value<0.05 was assumed. COVID-19 outpatients showed increases in TC (187.0±48.3 vs . 160.8±32.0 mg/dL), LDL-c (110.3±41.5 vs . 98.8±28.2 mg/dL), non-HDL-c (138.3±45.8 vs . 115.6±31.6 mg/dL), TG (139.7±80.3 vs . 84.9±35.1 mg/dL), and Apo A-I (149.5±40.0 vs . 133.3±20.9 mg/dL), along with a high frequency of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. VCAM-1 levels were double those of the control (682.7±231.8 vs. 299.3±102.9 ng/mL) and a strong predictor of COVID-19 (AUC=0.946). Moreover, VCAM-1 correlated with TC (r = -0.223) and HDL-c (r = -0.225). The decrease in TG and VCAM-1 is predicted by the dominance of the T allele (rs670) and its codominance with the A (rs693) allele in COVID-19 outpatients. COVID-19 has been shown to be associated with dyslipidemias and endothelial activation, and apolipoprotein polymorphisms may influence this. crosssectional cross sectional rs rs67 C>T CT C (C>T rs69 G>A GA G (G>A 16 8 COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 group age TC, , (TC) highdensity density HDLc, HDLc HDL c (HDL-c) lowdensity low LDLc, LDLc LDL (LDL-c) nonhighdensity non nonHDLc, nonHDLc (non-HDL-c) TG, (TG) AI I B, B B) molecule1 molecule 1 molecule- VCAM1 VCAM (VCAM-1 determined qPCR. qPCR (qPCR) value<0.05 value005 value 0 05 -value<0.0 assumed 187.0±48.3 1870483 187 48 3 (187.0±48. 1608320 160 32 160.8±32. mg/dL, mgdL mg/dL mg dL mg/dL) 110.3±41.5 1103415 110 41 5 (110.3±41. 988282 98 28 2 98.8±28. 138.3±45.8 1383458 138 45 (138.3±45. 1156316 115 6 31 115.6±31. 139.7±80.3 1397803 139 7 80 (139.7±80. 849351 84 9 35 84.9±35. 149.5±40.0 1495400 149 40 (149.5±40. 1333209 133 20 133.3±20. hypertriglyceridemia VCAM- 682.7±231.8 68272318 682 231 (682.7±231. 29931029 299 102 299.3±102. ng/mL ngmL ng mL AUC=0.946. AUC0946 AUC AUC=0.946 946 (AUC=0.946) Moreover r 0.223 0223 223 -0.223 0.225. 0225 0.225 225 -0.225) (rs670 (rs693 this rs6 COVID1 COVID- (TC (HDL-c (LDL-c (non-HDL-c (TG (VCAM- (qPCR value<0.0 value00 -value<0. 187.0±48. 187048 18 4 (187.0±48 160832 160.8±32 110.3±41. 110341 11 (110.3±41 98828 98.8±28 138.3±45. 138345 13 (138.3±45 115631 115.6±31 139.7±80. 139780 (139.7±80 84935 84.9±35 149.5±40. 149540 14 (149.5±40 133320 133.3±20 682.7±231. 6827231 68 23 (682.7±231 2993102 29 10 299.3±102 AUC094 AUC=0.94 94 (AUC=0.946 0.22 022 22 -0.22 -0.225 (rs67 (rs69 (VCAM value<0. value0 -value<0 187.0±48 18704 (187.0±4 16083 160.8±3 110.3±41 11034 (110.3±4 9882 98.8±2 138.3±45 13834 (138.3±4 11563 115.6±3 139.7±80 13978 (139.7±8 8493 84.9±3 149.5±40 14954 (149.5±4 13332 133.3±2 682.7±231 682723 (682.7±23 299310 299.3±10 AUC09 AUC=0.9 (AUC=0.94 0.2 02 -0.2 (rs6 value<0 -value< 187.0±4 1870 (187.0± 1608 160.8± 110.3±4 1103 (110.3± 988 98.8± 138.3±4 1383 (138.3± 1156 115.6± 139.7±8 1397 (139.7± 849 84.9± 149.5±4 1495 (149.5± 1333 133.3± 682.7±23 68272 (682.7±2 29931 299.3±1 AUC0 AUC=0. (AUC=0.9 0. -0. (rs value< -value 187.0± (187.0 160.8 110.3± (110.3 98.8 138.3± (138.3 115.6 139.7± (139.7 84.9 149.5± (149.5 133.3 682.7±2 6827 (682.7± 2993 299.3± AUC=0 (AUC=0. -0 187.0 (187. 160. 110.3 (110. 98. 138.3 (138. 115. 139.7 (139. 84. 149.5 (149. 133. 682.7± (682.7 299.3 AUC= (AUC=0 - 187. (187 110. (110 138. (138 139. (139 149. (149 682.7 (682. 299. (AUC= (18 (11 (13 (14 682. (682 (AUC (1 (68 ( (6

Resumo Fundamento: As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) são frequentemente influenciadas por fatores modificáveis, principalmente pelas escolhas de estilo de vida dos indivíduos, que desempenham um papel crucial na modulação do risco cardiovascular. Objetivo: Investigar a associação individual e simultânea entre comportamentos inadequados do estilo de vida e fatores de risco para DCV em adultos e idosos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 1.079 usuários do Programa Academia da Saúde no Brasil. Foram investigadas individual e coletivamente informações relacionadas a dieta inadequada, consumo excessivo de álcool, tabagismo e inatividade física (0, 1 ou ≥ 2 fatores) em associação com fatores de risco para DCV (hipertensão, hipercolesterolemia, diabetes mellitus e obesidade), considerando os dois desfechos seguintes: presença de fatores de risco para DCV e número de fatores de risco para DCV presentes no mesmo indivíduo (0, 1, 2 ou ≥ 3 fatores de risco). Foram utilizadas análises de regressão logística e multinomial. A significância estatística adotada foi de 5%. Resultados: Um maior número de comportamentos do estilo de vida inadequados foi associado a maiores chances de presença simultânea de 1, 2 ou ≥ 3 fatores de risco de DCV. A adoção simultânea de 1 e ≥ 2 comportamentos de estilo de vida inadequados foi associada a maiores chances de hipercolesterolemia. A adesão simultânea a ≥ 2 comportamentos de estilo de vida inadequados foi associada a menores chances de hipertensão. Conclusão: Um maior número de comportamentos de estilo de vida inadequados foi associado a maiores chances de presença simultânea de múltiplos fatores de risco de DCV. Fundamento (DCV modificáveis indivíduos cardiovascular Objetivo idosos Métodos Tratase Trata se 1079 079 1.07 Brasil inadequada álcool 0, 0 (0 hipertensão, hipertensão (hipertensão hipercolesterolemia obesidade, obesidade , obesidade) seguintes risco. . risco) multinomial 5 5% Resultados Conclusão 107 07 1.0 ( 10 1.

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are often influenced by modifiable factors, notably individuals’ lifestyle choices, which play a crucial role in modulating cardiovascular risk. Objective: To investigate the individual and simultaneous association between inadequate lifestyle behaviors and risk factors for CVD in adults and older adults. Method: A cross-sectional study with 1079 users of the Health Academy Program in Brazil. Information related to inadequate diet, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and physical inactivity were individually and collectively investigated (0, 1, or ≥ 2 factors) in association with CVD risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and obesity), considering the following two outcomes: presence of CVD risk factors and number of CVD risk factors present in the same individual (0, 1, 2, or ≥ 3 risk factors). Logistic and multinomial logistic regression analyses were used. The statistical significance adopted was 5%. Results: A higher number of inadequate lifestyle behavior was associated with greater odds of simultaneous presence of 1, 2, or ≥ 3 CVD risk factors. The simultaneous adoption of 1 and ≥ 2 inadequate lifestyle behaviors was associated with greater odds of hypercholesterolemia. Simultaneous adherence to ≥ 2 inadequate lifestyle behaviors was associated with lower odds of hypertension. Conclusion: A greater number of inadequate lifestyle behaviors was associated with higher odds of simultaneous presence of multiple CVD risk factors. Background (CVD individuals choices Objective Method crosssectional cross sectional 107 Brazil diet consumption smoking 0, 0 (0 hypertension, hypertension (hypertension hypercholesterolemia mellitus obesity, obesity , obesity) outcomes . used 5 5% Results Conclusion 10 (

Resumo Antecedentes Programas informatizados de treinamento cognitivo podem ter beneficiado a autoavaliação da memória, a qualidade de vida e o humor entre os idosos durante a pandemia de doença do coronavírus 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, em inglês). Objetivo Determinar os impactos subjetivos do treinamento cognitivo computadorizado no humor, na frequência de esquecimento, nas queixas de memória, e na qualidade de vida em idosos utilizando uma plataforma online. Métodos Ao todo, 66 idosos participantes do programa USP 60 +, oferecido à terceira idade pela Universidade de São Paulo, e inscritos voluntariamente no estudo, foram selecionados e randomizados em uma razão de 1:1 em 2 grupos: grupo treinamento (n = 33) e grupo controle (n = 33). Após assinarem o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido, os participantes responderam a um protocolo que incluía um questionário sociodemográfico, o Questionário de Queixas de Memória (Memory Complaints Questionnaire, MAC-Q), A Escala de Frequência de Esquecimento de McNair e Kahn, a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS-15), o Inventário de Ansiedade Geriátrica (Geriatric Anxiety Inventory, GAI), e –o questionário de Controle, Autonomia, Autorrealização e Prazer (Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization, and Pleasure, CASP-19). A plataforma de jogos cognitivos de treinamento visou estimular diversos aspectos cognitivos, incluindo memória, atenção, linguagem, funções executivas (raciocínio, raciocínio lógico) e habilidades visuais e espaciais. Resultados Na comparação pré e pós-teste, os participantes do grupo de treinamento apresentaram redução nas pontuações do MAC-Q, da escala McNair e Kahn e do GAI. Diferenças significativas entre os grupos quanto às pontuações totais da escala MAC-Q no pós-teste também foram evidenciadas pela regressão logística. Conclusão A participação em uma intervenção cognitiva computadorizada promoveu reduções nas queixas de memória, frequência de esquecimento e sintomas de ansiedade, além de melhorar a qualidade de vida autorrelatada. memória 201 coronavirus COVID19, COVID19 COVID 19, 19 COVID-19 inglês. inglês . inglês) online todo 6 + Paulo estudo 11 1 1: n 33 33. esclarecido sociodemográfico Memory Questionnaire MACQ, MACQ MAC Q , MAC-Q) Geriatric Scale GDS15, GDS15 GDS 15 GDS-15) Inventory GAI, GAI GAI) Controle Autonomia Control, Control (Control Autonomy SelfRealization, SelfRealization Self Realization, Realization Self-Realization Pleasure CASP19. CASP19 CASP CASP-19) atenção linguagem raciocínio, (raciocínio lógico espaciais pósteste, pósteste pós teste, teste Q, logística ansiedade autorrelatada 20 COVID1 COVID-1 3 GDS1 GDS-15 CASP1 CASP-19 COVID- GDS-1 CASP-1 GDS- CASP-

Abstract Background Computerized cognitive training programs may have benefited the self-assessment of memory, quality of life, and mood among older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Objective To determine the subjective impacts of computerized cognitive training on mood, frequency of forgetfulness, memory complaints, and quality of life in the elderly using an online platform. Methods In total, 66 elderly participants of USP 60 +, a program for the elderly offered by Universidade de São Paulo, who voluntarily enrolled in the study were selected and randomized with an allocation ratio of 1:1 into 2 groups: the training group (n = 33) and the control group (n = 33). After signing the free and informed consent form, they answered a protocol which included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Memory Complaints Questionnaire (MAC-Q), the McNair and Kahn’s Frequency of Forgetfulness Scale, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI), and the Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization, and Pleasure (CASP-19) questionnaire. The training cognitive game platform aimed to stimulate various cognitive aspects, including memory, attention, language, executive functions (reasoning, logical thinking), and visual and spatial skills. Results The participants of the training group showed a reduction in the MAC-Q, MacNair and Kahn, and GAI scores in the pre- and posttest comparison. Significant differences were identified between the groups regarding the total scores of the MAC-Q in the post-test, which was also evidenced by the logistic regression. Conclusion Participation in a computerized cognitive intervention promoted reductions in memory complaints, frequency of forgetfulness, and anxiety symptoms, in addition to improving self-reported quality of life. selfassessment self assessment 201 COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 pandemic forgetfulness complaints 6 + Paulo 11 1 1: n 33 33. . form questionnaire MACQ, MACQ MAC Q , (MAC-Q) Kahns Kahn s GDS15, GDS15 GDS 15 (GDS-15) GAI, (GAI) Control Autonomy SelfRealization, SelfRealization Self Realization, Realization Self-Realization CASP19 CASP (CASP-19 aspects attention language reasoning, reasoning (reasoning thinking, thinking thinking) skills Q, pre comparison posttest, post test, test post-test regression symptoms selfreported reported 20 COVID1 (COVID-1 3 (MAC-Q GDS1 (GDS-15 (GAI CASP1 (CASP-1 (COVID- (GDS-1 (CASP- (COVID (GDS- (CASP (GDS

Abstract Changes in lipoprotein metabolism are among the main causes of hemodynamic impairment in renal function. COVID-19 is an multisystemic inflammatory disease, aggravating this situation. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship of serum lipoprotein profile with inflammatory parameters and renal function in 95 COVID-19 outpatients in comparison with 173 with flu-like symptoms. Serum samples were collected for the determination of total cholesterol and fractions, apolipoproteins (Apo A-I and Apo B), urea (sUr) and creatinine (sCr). The glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated. Neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte (PLR) ratios were calculated as inflammatory parameters derived from the blood tests. COVID-19 patients presented lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (47.90 ± 1.543 vs. 51.40 ± 0.992) and higher PLR (190.9 ± 9.410 vs. 137.6 ± 5.534) and NLR (3.40 ± 0.22 vs. 2.80 ± 0.15). Both NLR and PLR correlated with each other (r = 0.639). Furthermore, the Apo B/Apo A-I ratio was correlated with PLR (r = 0.5818) and eGFR (r = -0.2630). COVID-19 patients classified as at high risk of developing acute myocardial infarction based on the Apo B/ Apo A-I ratio had higher values for sUr/sCr. Thus, serum apolipoproteins, PLR, and NLR could be related to renal dysfunction in COVID-19. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 disease situation crosssectional cross sectional 9 17 flulike flu like symptoms fractions AI A I B, B , B) sUr (sUr sCr. sCr . (sCr) (eGFR Neutrophillymphocyte Neutrophil lymphocyte (NLR plateletlymphocyte platelet (PLR tests highdensity density HDLc HDL c (HDL-c 47.90 4790 47 90 (47.9 1543 1 543 1.54 vs 5140 51 40 51.4 0.992 0992 0 992 190.9 1909 190 (190. 9410 410 9.41 1376 137 6 137. 5.534 5534 5 534 3.40 340 3 (3.4 022 22 0.2 280 2 80 2.8 0.15. 015 0.15 15 0.15) r 0.639. 0639 0.639 639 0.639) Furthermore BApo 0.5818 05818 5818 0.2630. 02630 0.2630 2630 -0.2630) sUrsCr sUr/sCr Thus COVID19. 19. COVID1 COVID- (sCr 47.9 479 4 (47. 154 54 1.5 514 51. 0.99 099 99 190. (190 941 41 9.4 13 5.53 553 53 3.4 34 (3. 02 0. 28 8 2. 01 0.1 063 0.63 63 0.581 0581 581 0263 0.263 263 -0.2630 47. (47 1. 0.9 09 (19 94 9. 5.5 55 3. (3 06 0.6 0.58 058 58 026 0.26 26 -0.263 (4 (1 5. ( 0.5 05 -0.26 -0.2 -0. -0 -

Abstract Background: Obesity is a public health problem and has been associated with the development of metabolic disorders that have a strong relationship with the onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Objective: The objective was to analyze the influence of abdominal obesity (AO) on systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and on the lipid profile in cardiovascular risk stratification in adult women. Methods: Altogether, 91 women participated in the research. Lifestyle information was collected, in addition to the analysis of clinical measures of cardiovascular risk and biochemical parameters. Unpaired Student's t-test, logistic regression, and Pearson's correlation were performed for data analysis, with a value of p <0.05 considered significant. Results: The prevalence of AO was 62.6%. Logistic regression showed that AO increased the chance of developing SAH by 2.9-fold. The same behavior was observed in the TG/HDL-c lipid ratio (3.93 ± 0.3 vs. 2.16 ± 0.2), representing an 82% increase in obese women. The present study also demonstrated that the best anthropometric parameter to analyze cardiovascular risk in the studied population was the waist/height ratio (AUC = 0.707). Conclusions: It can therefore be concluded that AO plays a significant role in the development of SAH and changes in lipid values that predict increased cardiovascular risk, configuring a strong influence factor for CVD.

Resumo O objetivo foi verificar a associação entre a prática de atividade física (AF) e a percepção do ambiente em adultos de uma cidade do Sul do Brasil. Estudo transversal de base populacional com 820 adultos, residentes na cidade de Criciúma-SC. A percepção do ambiente foi avaliada pela escala Neighborhood Environmental Walkability, e a AF no domínio do lazer e transporte ativo pela versão longa do Questionário Internacional de AF. Observou-se que o bairro com lugar público para a prática de exercícios físicos e o fato de passear com o cachorro estiveram associados a maiores prevalências de atendimento às recomendações de AF moderada à vigorosa (AFMV). O fato de ter convite de amigos e/ou parentes para AF, a realização de eventos esportivos e o hábito de passear com o cachorro estiveram associados à caminhada no lazer. O acesso a locais para aquisição de frutas/legumes frescos, alimentos light/diet, ter calçadas na maioria das ruas, ter faixas de segurança e ter eventos esportivos no bairro estiveram associados a maiores prevalências de deslocamento ativo. De forma contrária, lugares para lanches ou fast-food no bairro se associaram a menor prevalência de deslocamento ativo. A percepção de variáveis do ambiente esteve associada à AFMV, à prática de caminhada e ao transporte ativo.

Abstract The article aimed to verify the association between physical activity (PA) and perceived environment among adults from a city in southern Brazil. This is a population-based cross-sectional study with 820 adults living in the city of Criciúma-SC. Perceived environment was assessed using the Neighborhood Environmental Walkability scale and PA in the leisure and transportation domains using the long version of the International PA Questionnaire. It was observed that the neighborhood with public spaces for the practice of physical exercises and dog walking was associated with higher prevalence of compliance with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines. The fact of having an invitation from friends and/or relatives for PA, sporting events and the habit of dog walking were associated with leisure-time walking. Access to places for the purchase of fresh fruits/ vegetables, light/diet foods, to have sidewalks in most streets, to have pedestrian crossings and sporting events in the neighborhood were associated with higher prevalence of active transportation. Conversely, places for snacks or fast food in the neighborhood were associated with lower prevalence of active transportation. The perception of environmental variables was associated with MVPA, walking and active transportation.

Resumo O objetivo foi verificar a associação entre a prática de atividade física (AF) e a percepção do ambiente em adultos de uma cidade do Sul do Brasil. Estudo transversal de base populacional com 820 adultos, residentes na cidade de Criciúma-SC. A percepção do ambiente foi avaliada pela escala Neighborhood Environmental Walkability, e a AF no domínio do lazer e transporte ativo pela versão longa do Questionário Internacional de AF. Observou-se que o bairro com lugar público para a prática de exercícios físicos e o fato de passear com o cachorro estiveram associados a maiores prevalências de atendimento às recomendações de AF moderada à vigorosa (AFMV). O fato de ter convite de amigos e/ou parentes para AF, a realização de eventos esportivos e o hábito de passear com o cachorro estiveram associados à caminhada no lazer. O acesso a locais para aquisição de frutas/legumes frescos, alimentos light/diet, ter calçadas na maioria das ruas, ter faixas de segurança e ter eventos esportivos no bairro estiveram associados a maiores prevalências de deslocamento ativo. De forma contrária, lugares para lanches ou fast-food no bairro se associaram a menor prevalência de deslocamento ativo. A percepção de variáveis do ambiente esteve associada à AFMV, à prática de caminhada e ao transporte ativo.

Abstract The article aimed to verify the association between physical activity (PA) and perceived environment among adults from a city in southern Brazil. This is a population-based cross-sectional study with 820 adults living in the city of Criciúma-SC. Perceived environment was assessed using the Neighborhood Environmental Walkability scale and PA in the leisure and transportation domains using the long version of the International PA Questionnaire. It was observed that the neighborhood with public spaces for the practice of physical exercises and dog walking was associated with higher prevalence of compliance with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines. The fact of having an invitation from friends and/or relatives for PA, sporting events and the habit of dog walking were associated with leisure-time walking. Access to places for the purchase of fresh fruits/ vegetables, light/diet foods, to have sidewalks in most streets, to have pedestrian crossings and sporting events in the neighborhood were associated with higher prevalence of active transportation. Conversely, places for snacks or fast food in the neighborhood were associated with lower prevalence of active transportation. The perception of environmental variables was associated with MVPA, walking and active transportation.

Abstract Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with several metabolic diseases. The triglycerides (TG) disrupt the cholesterol reverse transport and contribute to increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) acts in cholesterol reverse transport as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. This study aims to investigate the role of hypertriglyceridemia in the functionality of HDL. Individuals were divided into 4 groups based on high or low HDL-c and triglycerides levels. Biochemical and anthropometric analysis were performed. This study demonstrated that triglycerides promote dysfunctions on HDL, increasing the cardiovascular risk. Blood pressure was higher in subjects with low HDL. Women presented higher levels of HDL-c and low percentage of fat mass. The highest levels of triglycerides were observed in older age. In addition, high levels of triglycerides were associated with higher total cholesterol and LDL-c levels, non-HDL-c, non-esterified fatty acids, and blood glucose, increasing in the ratio of non-HDL-c/HDL-c and ApoB/ApoA-I. The increase of triglycerides levels progressively impairs the antioxidant capacity of HDL, probably due to a higher occurrence of fatty acid peroxidation in individuals with hypertriglyceridemia. Patients with high HDL and low TG levels increased the Lag Time. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between TG versus HDL particle size, variables that depend on age and anthropometric parameters. diseases (TG lowdensity density LDL. LDL . (LDL) Highdensity High (HDL antiinflammatory anti inflammatory HDLc c performed risk mass addition LDLc nonHDLc, nonHDLc non c, non-HDL-c nonesterified esterified acids glucose nonHDLc/HDLc nonHDLcHDLc c/HDL ApoB/ApoAI. ApoBApoAI ApoB/ApoA I. ApoB ApoA I ApoB/ApoA-I Time Furthermore size parameters (LDL cHDL ApoAI ApoB/ApoAI ApoBApoA

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the importance attributed to tonsillitis by guardians and their level of knowledge about the disease, correlating their management with their schooling and socioeconomic profiles. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive and observational cross-sectional study involving students aged 5 to 17 years from state-owned and private schools. A questionnaire was applied on management of tonsillitis and knowledge about rheumatic fever, addressing demographic and socioeconomic data. Results: A total of 323 students were included, predominantly females (61.3%), from state-owned schools (77.1%), with a mean age of 9.7±0.3 years. Among the guardians, 48.6% completed high school. Among the students 75.2% had at least one episode of odynophagia in the previous 12 months. Considering the previous 2 years, 89.8% reported this symptom. There was no collection of bacteriological specimens in 67.8%, and in 83% if taking into account only the last episode, despite the search for medical care in most cases (92.6%). The use of anti-inflammatory drugs was very frequent (43.0% “always” and 42.4% “sometimes”). Among the guardians, 81.7% denied being aware of the relation between rheumatic fever and inappropriate treatment of odynophagia; 85.8% said they wished they had received more information. Conclusion: Although it is quite common in schoolchildren, tonsillitis is neglected by many guardians and health professionals, and the ignorance of its relation with rheumatic fever is practically universal, which may contribute to its high prevalence.

Abstract Obesity and dyslipidemia are conditions often associated with cardiovascular risk, inflammation, oxidative stress, and death. Thus, a new approach has been highlighted to promote research and development of pharmacological tools derived from natural sources. Among the most widely studied groups of substances, polyphenols such as tyramine stand out. This study investigated hypolipidemic and anti-obesity properties of tyramine. Oral toxicity evaluation, models of dyslipidemia and obesity were used. To induce dyslipidemia, Poloxamer-407 (P-407) was administered intraperitoneally. In the hypercholesterolemic and obesity model, specific diet and oral tyramine were provided. After 24h of P-407 administration, tyramine 2 mg/kg (T2) decreased triglycerides (TG) (2057.0 ± 158.5 mg/dL vs. 2838 ± 168.3 mg/dL). After 48h, TG were decreased by T2 (453.0 ± 35.47 vs. 760.2 ± 41.86 mg/dL) and 4 mg/kg (T4) (605.8 ± 26.61 760.2 ± 41.86 mg/dL). T2 reduced total cholesterol (TC) after 24h (309.0 ± 11.17 mg/dL vs. 399.7 ± 15.7 mg/dL); After 48h, 1 mg/kg (T1) (220.5 ± 12.78 mg/dL), T2 (205.8 ± 7.1 mg/dL) and T4 (216.8 ± 12.79 mg/dL), compared to P-407 (275.5 ± 12.1 mg/dL). The treatment decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and nitrite in liver, increased superoxide dismutase, reduced the diet-induced dyslipidemia, decreasing TC around 15%. Tyramine reduced body mass, glucose, and TC after hypercaloric feed. Treatment with 5 mg/L (0.46 ± 0.04 ng/dL) and 10 mg/L (0.44 ± 0.02 ng/dL) reduced plasma insulin (1.18 ± 0.23 ng/dL). Tyramine increased adiponectin at 5 mg/L (1.02 ± 0.02 vs. 0.83 ± 0.02 ng/mL) and 10mg/L (0.96 ± 0.04 ng/mL). In conclusion, tyramine has low toxicity in rodents, has antioxidant effect, reduces plasma triglycerides and cholesterol levels. However, further studies should be conducted in rodents and non-rodents to better understand the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of tyramine.

Abstract The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of fire on ant assemblages in savanna and forest typologies in the Reserva Natural da Serra do Tombador in Cavalcante - Goiás, Brazil. Ant pitfalls traps were installed and subdivided into Burnt Cerrado (BC), Unburnt Cerrado (UC), Burnt Forest (BF) and Unburnt Forest (UF), and the samples were sorted, assembled and identified. The constancy and abundance of individuals, and the frequency of distribution of the genera in the total area and by treatment were evaluated. The UF, BF, UC and BC had 19, 14, 8 and 15 genera, with Jackknife 1 index indicating 18.5, 24.4, 8.9 and 20.4 respectively. The Shannon diversity index for the genera was 0.8462, 0.7604, 0.6448 and 0.5992 for UF, BF, BC and UC respectively. The Cerrado showed greater abundance of individuals and greater ant diversity index in relation to Forest when in presence of fire.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Low bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) have been identified in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children and adolescents. The direct adverse effects of HIV infection and combined antiretroviral therapy (ART) negatively contribute to bone metabolism. A direct relationship between muscle strength levels and BMD in HIV-infected adults and older adults has been described. However, it is unknown whether handgrip strength (HGS) is associated with bone mass in pediatric populations diagnosed with HIV. OBJECTIVE: To ascertain whether HGS levels are associated with BMC and BMD in HIV-infected children and adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in Florianãpolis, Brazil, in 2016. METHODS: The subjects were 65 children and adolescents (8-15 years) diagnosed with vertically-transmitted HIV. Subtotal and lumbar-spine BMC and BMD were obtained via dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). HGS was measured using manual dynamometers. The covariates of sex, ART, CD4+ T lymphocytes and viral load were obtained through questionnaires and medical records. Sexual maturation was self-reported and physical activity was measured using accelerometers. Simple and multiple linear regression were used, with P < 0.05. RESULTS: HGS was directly associated with subtotal BMD (β = 0.002; R² = 0.670; P < 0.001), subtotal BMC (β = 0.090; R² = 0.734; P = 0.005) and lumbar-spine BMC (β = 1.004; R² = 0.656; P = 0.010) in the adjusted analyses. However, no significant association was found between HGS and lumbar-spine BMD (β = 0.001; R² = 0.464; P = 0.299). CONCLUSION: HGS was directly associated with BMD and BMC in HIV-infected children and adolescents.

Resumo Fundamento O aumento significativo de doenças cardiovasculares em países em desenvolvimento alerta sobre seu impacto em populações carentes. Objetivo Identificar a relação de agrupamentos de componentes da síndrome metabólica (SM) com aterosclerose e inflamação crônica em adultos e idosos. Métodos Análise transversal usando dados de dois estudos populacionais de tipo coorte realizados em Florianópolis, sul do Brasil (EpiFloripa Adult Cohort Study, n = 862, 39,9±11,5 anos; EpiFloripa Aging Cohort Study, n = 1197, 69,7±7,1 anos). Pressão arterial (PA), circunferência da cintura (CC), e níveis plasmáticos de lipídio e glicose foram analisados como fatores individuais ou como agrupamentos de componentes da SM (como número de componentes presentes em um indivíduo ou como combinações). Os desfechos incluíram espessura intima-media carotídea (EIMC), placas ateroscleróticas, e níveis de proteína C reativa (CRP). Regressão linear múltipla e regressão logística, ajustadas quanto aos fatores de confusão, foram usadas para análise. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados Indivíduos com PA e CC elevadas, dislipidemia e hiperglicemia (61,5%) apresentaram maiores valores de EIMC e PCR que aqueles que não apresentaram componentes de SM. CC elevada foi um determinante comum de inflamação sistêmica, ao passo que a coexistência de PA elevada e CC elevada (agrupamentos de dois ou três fatores) associou-se com maior EIMC (β entre +3,2 e +6,1 x 10-2 mm; p < 0,05) e PCR (EXPβ entre 2,18 e 2,77; p < 0,05). Conclusão A coexistência de PA e CC elevadas associou-se com maiores valores de EIMC e níveis de PCR. A obesidade central, isolada ou em combinação com outros fatores de risco, teve efeito sobre a inflamação sistêmica.

Abstract Background The significant increase in cardiovascular diseases in developing countries alerts about their impact on underprivileged populations. Objective To identify the relationship of clusters of metabolic syndrome (MS) components with atherosclerosis and chronic inflammation among adults and elderly. Methods Cross-sectional analysis using data from two population-based cohort studies in Florianópolis, Southern Brazil (EpiFloripa Adult Cohort Study, n = 862, 39.9±11.5 years; EpiFloripa Aging Cohort Study, n = 1197, 69.7±7.1 years). Blood pressure (BP), waist circumference (WC), and lipid and glucose levels were analyzed as individual factors or as clusters (either as the number of components present in an individual or as combinations of components). Outcomes included carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), atherosclerotic plaques, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses adjusted for confounding factors were used. The statistical significance adopted was 5%. Results Individuals with high BP, elevated WC, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia (6.1% of the sample) showed higher IMT and CRP than those negatives for all MetS components. Elevated WC was a common determinant of systemic inflammation, while the coexistence of high BP and elevated WC (clusters of two or three factors) was associated with higher IMT (β between +3.2 and +6.1 x 10-2 mm; p value < 0.05) and CRP (EXPβ between 2.18 and 2.77; p value < 0.05). Conclusion The coexistence of high BP and elevated WC was associated with increased IMT and CRP levels, but central obesity affected systemic inflammation either alone or in combination with other risk factors.