The use of materials such as organofunctionalized silica for application in solid phase extraction (SPE) allows the preconcentration of several ions, including Pt, and subsequent detection. This work aims to synthesize and characterize an organofunctionalized silica (Sil-TMSDT) with the silylant N’(trimethoxysilyl)propylethylenetriamine and its application as a solid phase in the preconcentration Pt4+ ions in aqueous media, using detection by flame atomization atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the aminofunctionalization of the silica. For the adsorption process, a preconcentration mini-column with 200 mg of Sil-TMSDT, a solution of 0.485 mg L−1 of K2[PtCl6] at pH 10 and HNO3 0.5 mol L−1 as eluent were used, obtaining an enrichment factor of 15-fold with retention efficiency higher than 99%. The Pt4+ ion determined by FAAS showed a linear response between 0.02 and 0.40 mg L−1; a linear coefficient where R = 0.9981; a 16-fold preconcentration factor; a limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) of 0.045 and 0.014 mg L−1, respectively. The proposal system showed analytical applicability to determining Pt4+ ion in an aqueous medium and could be used to detect traces of this potentially toxic metal in biological fluids such as urine and blood. SPE (SPE Pt SilTMSDT Sil TMSDT (Sil-TMSDT Ntrimethoxysilylpropylethylenetriamine N trimethoxysilyl propylethylenetriamine Pt4 media FAAS. . (FAAS) Fouriertransform Fourier transform FTIR (FTIR SEM (SEM energydispersive energy dispersive EDS (EDS process minicolumn mini column 20 SilTMSDT, TMSDT, Sil-TMSDT 0485 0 485 0.48 L1 L 1 L− K2PtCl6 KPtCl K2 PtCl6 K PtCl K2[PtCl6 HNO 05 5 0. 15fold fold 15 99 99% 002 02 0.0 040 40 0.4 0.9981 09981 9981 16fold 16 LOQ (LOQ LOD (LOD 0045 045 0.04 0014 014 0.01 respectively blood (FAAS 2 048 48 K2PtCl K2[PtCl 9 00 04 4 0.998 0998 998 004 001 01 0.99 099 0.9 09

Worldwide, millions of people suffer from neurological and psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia, depression, and neurodegenerative diseases. These conditions are often linked to hyperactivity of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) in the brain, and inhibiting this enzyme can reduce oxidative stress, stabilize neurotransmitter levels, and alleviate symptoms. In this context, a pharmacophoric model was created using PharmaGist with 31 hits extracted from BindingDB to enable a pharmacophoric-based search of potential MAO-B inhibitors in ZincPharmer’s chemical space, followed by the building of 10 conformers for each molecule in the software OMEGA, screening for structural and electrostatic similarity to safinamide using ROCS (Rapid overlay of chemical structures) and EON (Electrostatic similarity for lead-hopping), respectively. In addition, the molecular docking with Gold using the score function was performed to rank the ligands with the highest probabilities of affinity to MAO-B and then discriminate those with suitable physical chemical, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological features using the tools QikProp, SwissADME, and DEREK. Four potential ligands with selective MAO-B inhibitor properties were identified, which show promise as future therapeutic agents for MAO-B-related disorders. Worldwide schizophrenia depression diseases MAOB MAO (MAO-B brain stress levels symptoms context 3 pharmacophoricbased based ZincPharmers ZincPharmer s space 1 OMEGA Rapid structures Electrostatic leadhopping, leadhopping lead hopping , lead-hopping) respectively addition pharmacokinetic QikProp SwissADME DEREK identified MAOBrelated related disorders lead-hopping

Lantana caatingensis Moldenke (Verbenaceae) is an endemic plant from northeastern Brazil. However, its chemical composition is almost unknown. This study aimed to characterize the chemical compounds found in L. caatingensis and investigate the antileishmanial potential of its hydroalcoholic extract and polar fractions. Compounds present in the hydroalcoholic extract obtained from L. caatingensis leaves and its polar fractions (ethyl acetate and methanolic) were analyzed by liquid chromatography with a photodiode-array detector coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. An antileishmanial assay was performed in a 96-well plate against Leishmania major promastigotes using resazurin on a plate spectrophotometer and the results were expressed as percentage of growth inhibition. Nine compounds were determined in the investigated extract and fractions, classified as flavonoids, flavonoid C-glycosides and phenylethanoid glycosides. The antileishmanial activity revealed that the hydroalcoholic extract and the ethyl acetate fraction were active against L. major promastigotes with inhibitory concentration of 71.78 and 26.86 µg mL-1, respectively, while the methanolic fraction was inactive (478.40 µg mL-1). This is the first report on the chemical composition and antileishmanial activity of L. caatingensis extracts. These results contribute to further knowledge of species belonging to the Lantana genus. Verbenaceae (Verbenaceae Brazil However unknown L photodiodearray photodiode array timeofflight time flight spectrometry 96well well 96 inhibition flavonoids Cglycosides C glycosides 7178 71 78 71.7 2686 26 86 26.8 mL1, mL1 mL 1, 1 mL-1 respectively 478.40 47840 478 40 (478.4 mL1. . mL-1) extracts genus 9 717 7 71. 268 2 8 26. mL- 478.4 4784 47 4 (478. 478. (478 (47 (4 (

In this study, we aimed to investigate the anticancer activity of the extract, fractions, and isolated compounds of the flowers of Fridericia platyphylla, and to characterize the bioactive compounds. The chemical diversity of the extracts and fractions was investigated using liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). We were able to annotate 26 compounds from the classes of flavones, flavonols, flavanones, isoflavones, and cinnamic acid and its derivatives. The dichloromethane fraction showed greater cytotoxicity at a concentration of 100 µg mL−1. In addition, the inhibitory concentrations of the dichloromethane fraction were 22.14 and 30.9 µg mL−1 for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, respectively, and were capable of inhibiting tumor cell migration. Brachydins A and C were isolated from the dichloromethane fraction and showed the greatest cytotoxicity. The results obtained from this study show the potential biological effect of F. platyphylla flowers as a possible antitumor pharmacological agent. extract LCHRMS. LCHRMS LC HRMS . (LC-HRMS) 2 flavones flavonols flavanones isoflavones derivatives 10 mL1 mL 1 addition 2214 22 14 22.1 309 30 9 30. mL− MCF7 MCF 7 MCF- MDAMB231 MDAMB MDA MB 231 MDA-MB-23 lines respectively migration F agent (LC-HRMS 221 22. 3 MDAMB23 23 MDA-MB-2 MDAMB2 MDA-MB- MDA-MB

In this work, a miniaturized version of the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method was optimized, validated, and applied for extracting eight pesticide residues in anuran liver tissue samples. The extracts were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection, and the detected residues in liver tissue samples were identified by tandem mass spectrometry-liquid chromatography. The optimized extraction method entailed the scale reduction of the QuEChERS method twenty times using 500 mg of liver tissue sample, 200 mg Mg2SO4, 50 mg NaCl, 1.5 mL of acetonitrile, and a mixture of 25 mg C18 + 25 mg PSA (primary-secondary amine) as dispersive solid-phase extraction sorbent. The method was validated using liver tissue samples spiked at two levels of pesticide concentrations according to the SANTE/11312/2021 document. Recoveries ranged from 91-110% with a relative standard deviation < 20%. The method robustness assessed by the Steiner and Youden test resulted in recovery rate variations of less than 2% for all pesticides after deliberated changes in seven variables. The validated method was applied to 72 liver tissue samples from two anuran species, registering residues of some pesticides in 31 samples. The proposed method proved to be efficient, precise, and robust for determining pesticide residues in anuran liver tissues. work quick, quick (quick easy cheap effective rugged safe highperformance high performance detection spectrometryliquid spectrometry sample 20 Mg2SO4 MgSO Mg SO 5 NaCl 15 1 1. acetonitrile 2 C C1 primarysecondary primary secondary amine solidphase solid phase sorbent SANTE113122021 SANTE 11312 2021 SANTE/11312/202 document 91110% 91110 91 110% 110 91-110 20% variables 7 species 3 efficient precise tissues Mg2SO SANTE11312202 1131 202 SANTE/11312/20 9111 9 11 91-11 SANTE1131220 113 SANTE/11312/2 911 91-1 SANTE113122 SANTE/11312/ 91- SANTE11312 SANTE/11312 SANTE1131 SANTE/1131 SANTE113 SANTE/113 SANTE11 SANTE/11 SANTE1 SANTE/1 SANTE/

Species from Pavonia genus (Malvaceae) are traditionally used as antioxidant, n anti inflammatory and antimicrobial remedies. Previous studies have revealed their diversity of specialized metabolites widely used in the development of new medicines. This is the first study on Pavonia glazioviana Gurke, a Brazilian species known as “Malva da Chapada”. The research led to identify fifteen compounds: 132 (S) hydroxy pheophytin a; and 132(S) hydroxy 173 ethoxyphaeophorbide, n decanol, cycloart 23Z ene 3β,25 diol, cycloart 24S 25 ene 3β,24 diol, sitosterol 3 O β D glucopyranoside, stigmasterol 3 O β D glucopyranoside, quercetin, acacetin, kaempferol, tiliroside, 5 hydroxy 3,7,8,4’ tetramethoxyflavone, 5,7 dihydroxy 3,8,4’ trimethoxyflavone, 5,7 dihydroxy 4’ methoxyflavone, 5,7,4’ trihydroxy 3,8 dimethoxyflavone and 5,7,4’ trihydroxy 3 methoxyflavone. The major flavonoids were tested for their antimicrobial activity, and the compound 5,7 dihydroxy 3,8,4’ trimethoxyflavone showed strong activity against Escherichia coli (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida albicans (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida tropicalis (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida parapsilosis (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Aspergillus flavus (MIC = 512 μg mL1) and A. fumigantus (MIC = 512 μg mL1). The total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and radical scavenging potential were determined showing its great production of phenolics and flavonoids, along with interesting radical scavenging potential (DPPH EC50 = 6.36 ± 0.029 mg mL 1). Our findings contributed to characterize P. glazioviana as a source of methoxylated flavonoids with antimicrobial potential. Malvaceae (Malvaceae antioxidant remedies medicines Gurke Malva Chapada. Chapada . Chapada” compounds 13 S (S 132S 132(S 17 ethoxyphaeophorbide decanol Z 3β25 3β 3β,2 diol 2 3β24 24 glucopyranoside quercetin acacetin kaempferol tiliroside 3,7,8,4 3784 7 8 4 tetramethoxyflavone 57 5, 3,8,4 384 methoxyflavone 5,7,4 574 38 3, MIC 51 mL1, mL1 , A mL1. content DPPH EC EC5 636 6 36 6.3 0029 0 029 0.02 1. 1 1) P 3β2 3β, 3,7,8, 378 3,8, 5,7, 63 6. 002 02 0.0 3,7,8 37 00 0. 3,7, 3,7

The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) stands for being the most serious epidemic (so far) of the 21st century. However, only a few computational studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the neutralization of the spike protein by antibodies of different classes. Hence, bioinformatic methods were employed to unravel the factors contributing to the remarkable neutralization capacity exhibited by specific antibodies. Initially, crystallographic structures of IgA monomeric / dimeric, IgG, and IgM antibodies binding with the receptor-binding domain region of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were retrieved. Subsequently, rigid molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations were performed over 100 ns with explicit water solvation. Lastly, an energy decomposition was conducted to estimate the binding affinity using the last frames from molecular dynamics. The results revealed a higher binding affinity for both monomeric and dimeric forms of IgA antibodies against the spike protein. Additionally, a greater number of hydrogen bonds were observed during their interaction with the spike protein, as well as greater structural instability along the time and especially a more thermodynamically favorable interaction affinity. In this way, the research contributes a small piece to the complex puzzle of understanding the humoral immune response induced by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV (SARS-CoV-2 so far st century However classes Hence Initially IgG receptorbinding receptor SARS-CoV- retrieved Subsequently 10 solvation Lastly dynamics Additionally way virus (SARS-CoV- SARS-CoV 1 (SARS-CoV

RESUMO O ácido ascórbico é um composto não-enzimático com ação antioxidante na desintoxicação de espécies reativas de oxigênio em plantas submetidas a condições de estresses abióticos. Diante disso, objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar as trocas gasosas, a eficiência fotoquímica e o crescimento da goiabeira cv. Paluma sob diferentes níveis de reposição de água e aplicação foliar de ácido ascórbico na fase pós-enxertia. O experimento foi desenvolvido sob condições de casa de vegetação, no Centro de Tecnologia e Recursos Naturais, da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, na ParaíbaPB. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 2 × 4, cujos tratamentos resultaram da combinação de dois fatores: duas lâminas de água de irrigação (50 e 100% da evapotranspiração real - ETr) e quatro concentrações de ácido ascórbico - AsA (0, 30, 60 e 90 mM), com três repetições. A irrigação com lâmina de 50% da ETr reduziu o crescimento em diâmetro do porta enxerto, do enxerto, da copa e volume de copa; assim como as trocas gasosas: condutância estomática e, a transpiração, e os índices de fluorescência máxima e variável da goiabeira cv. Paluma. A concentração de 90 mM de ácido ascórbico aumenta a taxa de assimilação de CO2 e a eficiência instantânea do uso da água e diminuiu o extravasamento de eletrólitos no limbo foliar das plantas de goiabeira, aos 240 dias após o transplantio. nãoenzimático não enzimático abióticos disso objetivouse objetivou se gasosas cv pósenxertia. pósenxertia pós enxertia. enxertia pós-enxertia vegetação Naturais Grande ParaíbaPB casualizados 4 fatores 50 (5 100 0, 0 (0 30 6 9 mM, , mM) repetições enxerto transpiração CO 24 transplantio 5 ( 10 3 1

ABSTRACT Ascorbic acid is a non-enzymatic compound with antioxidant action in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species in plants subjected to abiotic stress conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate gas exchange, photochemical efficiency, and growth of guava cv. Paluma under water replacement levels and foliar application of ascorbic acid in the post-grafting phase. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, at the Center of Technology and Natural Resources, at the Federal University of Campina Grande, in Paraíba, PB, Brazil. A randomized block experimental design was used, in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement, whose treatments resulted from the combination of two factors: two levels of irrigation water (50 and 100% of actual evapotranspiration - ETr) and four concentrations of ascorbic acid - AsA (0, 30, 60, and 90 mM), with three repetitions. Irrigation with a 50% ETr depth reduced the growth in rootstock diameter, scion diameter, and scion volume, as well as gas exchange: stomatal conductance, transpiration, and maximum and variable fluorescence indices of guava cv. Paluma. Ascorbic acid concentration of 90 mM increases the CO2 assimilation rate and instantaneous water use efficiency and reduces electrolyte leakage in the leaf blade of guava plants, 240 days after transplanting. nonenzymatic non enzymatic conditions Therefore exchange cv postgrafting post grafting phase Resources Grande Paraíba PB Brazil used arrangement factors 50 (5 100 0, 0 (0 30 60 9 mM, , mM) repetitions diameter volume conductance transpiration CO 24 transplanting 5 ( 10 3 6 1

RESUMO O quiabeiro (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) é uma cultura pouco estudada, quando comparada a outras espécies da família Malvaceae, por isso apresenta grande potencial para estudos, principalmente, na área de melhoramento genético. A caracterização morfológica é uma etapa de pré-melhoramento que pode ser realizada através de descritores quantitativos e/ou qualitativos. Sendo assim, esse trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar morfologicamente acessos comerciais de quiabeiro para delimitar um programa de melhoramento para a cultura. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental do Instituto Federal de Alagoas - Campus Piranhas, utilizando o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos em cinco repetições. As plantas e os frutos foram caracterizados através dos descritores qualitativos. Foi utilizada a técnica de agrupamento hierárquico baseado na média não ponderada dos pares de acessos (UPGMA) para agrupar os acessos. A maior distância genética foi visualizada entre os acessos Santa Cruz-47 e Clemson Americano 80 e a menor entre os acessos Cariri e Apuim. Houve a formação de dois grupos pelo método de agrupamento UPGMA, sendo o grupo I formado pelos acessos Clemson Americano 80 e Canindé, e o grupo II dos demais acessos (Cariri, Apuim e Santa Cruz-47). Híbridos viáveis podem ser obtidos a partir de cruzamentos entre acessos do grupo I e do grupo II. Abelmoschus L Moench estudada Malvaceae estudos principalmente genético prémelhoramento pré eou ou qualitativos assim Piranhas casualizados repetições UPGMA (UPGMA Cruz47 Cruz 47 Cruz-4 8 Canindé Cariri, (Cariri Cruz47. . Cruz-47) Cruz4 4 Cruz-

ABSTRACT Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) has been less studied compared to other crop species of the family Malvaceae, thus presenting high potential for research, mainly in genetic improvement. Morphological characterization is a pre-breeding step that can be conducted using quantitative and qualitative descriptors. Thus, the objective of this study was to morphologically characterize commercial okra accessions to provide a foundation for breeding programs in this crop species. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Federal Institute of Alagoas, Piranhas, AL, Brazil, using a randomized block design with five treatments and five replications. Okra plants and fruits were characterized through qualitative descriptors, using a hierarchical clustering of accessions based on Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA). The greatest genetic distance was found between the Santa Cruz-47 and Clemson Americano-80 accessions, whereas the lowest distance was found between the Cariri and Apuim accessions. The UPGMA analysis resulted in two accession groups: group I consisting of Clemson Americano-80 and Canindé accessions, and group II consisting of Cariri, Apuim, and Santa Cruz-47 accessions. Viable hybrids can be obtained from crossings between accessions of group I and group II. Abelmoschus L Moench Malvaceae research improvement prebreeding pre descriptors Thus Alagoas Piranhas AL Brazil replications UPGMA. . (UPGMA) Cruz47 Cruz 47 Cruz-4 Americano80 Americano 80 Americano-8 groups (UPGMA Cruz4 4 Cruz- Americano8 8 Americano-

Abstract Introduction: Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are bioessential micronutrients for plants but can impair the energetic metabolism when present at high levels. Objective: To assess the photosynthetic performance and oxidative damages in Rhizophora mangle L. leaf tissues at low and high concentrations of Fe (74 and 195 mg kg-1; Feleaf) and Mn (65 and 414 mg kg-1; Mnleaf). Methods: Photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll a fluorescence, leaf CO2 assimilation and gas exchange and DPPH• radical scavenging capacity were sampled in R. mangle growing in estuarine forests in the North region of Espírito Santo State and the extreme South of Bahia State (Brazil) showing low and high Feleaf and Mnleaf. Results: Effects of high Fe and Mn were not identified on pigment levels. The increase in Feleaf and Mnleaf at the levels observed in this assessment had a positive effect on the number of reaction centers and on the efficiency of the oxygen-evolving complex, evaluated as K-band, while no changes were found in the parameters related to the excitation trapping efficiency at the active center of photosystem II. Distinct interference patterns of Fe and Mn on the functional processes of photosynthesis were identified, especially on CO2 assimilation and reactive oxygen species metabolism, with major effects on CO2 assimilation and carboxylation efficiency of Rubisco at high Mnleaf. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the efficiency of R. mangle in positively regulating the electron transport chain in response to high Fe and Mn, at least in terms of the preservation of structure and functionality of the plant photosynthetic apparatus. Moreover, interference of high Mnleaf in R. mangle occurs at non-stomatal and biochemical levels. There is an antagonistic interference of these trace elements with the physiology of R. mangle, which is a dominant species in Brazilian mangroves.

Resumen Introducción: El hierro (Fe) y el manganeso (Mn) son micronutrientes bioesenciales para las plantas, pero pueden afectar el metabolismo energético cuando están presentes en niveles altos. Objetivo: Evaluar el desempeño fotosintético y los daños oxidativos en tejidos foliares de Rhizophora mangle L. a bajas y altas concentraciones de Fe (74 y 195 mg kg-1; Feleaf) y Mn (65 y 414 mg kg-1; Mnleaf). Métodos: Se muestrearon pigmentos fotosintéticos, fluorescencia de clorofila a, asimilación e intercambio de gases de CO2 foliar y capacidad de eliminación de radicales DPPH• en R. mangle que crece en bosques de estuarios en la región Norte del estado de Espírito Santo y el extremo Sur del Estado de Bahía (Brasil) mostrando Feleaf y Mnleaf bajos y altos. Resultados: No se identificaron efectos de niveles elevados de Fe y Mn en los niveles de pigmento. El aumento de Feleaf y Mnleaf en los niveles observados en esta evaluación tuvo un efecto positivo en el número de centros de reacción y en la eficiencia del complejo generador de oxígeno, evaluado como banda K, mientras que no se encontraron cambios en los parámetros relacionados con la eficiencia de atrapamiento de excitación en el centro activo del fotosistema II. Se identificaron distintos patrones de interferencia de Fe y Mn en los procesos funcionales de la fotosíntesis, especialmente en la asimilación de CO2 y el metabolismo de las especies reactivas de oxígeno, con efectos importantes en la asimilación de CO2 y la eficiencia de carboxilación de Rubisco a niveles altos de Mnleaf. Conclusión: Los hallazgos demuestran la eficiencia de R. mangle en la regulación positiva de la cadena de transporte de electrones en respuesta a los altos niveles de Fe y Mn, al menos en términos de preservación de la estructura y funcionalidad del aparato fotosintético de la planta. Además, la interferencia de Mnleaf alto en R. mangle se presenta a niveles no estomáticos y bioquímicos. Hay interferencia antagónica de estos oligoelementos con la fisiología de R. mangle, que es una especie dominante en los manglares brasileños.

RESUMO A destinação adequada dos resíduos de frutas e vegetais é fundamental para promover a sustentabilidade ambiental, reduzir a pegada de carbono, melhorar a qualidade do solo e contribuir para a transição para uma economia circular. Neste estudo, foram avaliados os efeitos da adição de água residuária da bovinocultura de leite em codigestão anaeróbia com resíduos de frutas e vegetais e o uso do biofertilizante como diluente na monodigestão anaeróbia dos resíduos de frutas e vegetais (reciclo). A produção específica de biogás e metano, bem como a qualidade agronômica do biofertilizante em um estudo semicontínuo, foram avaliados. Foram utilizadas duas estratégias para partida dos reatores: o abastecimento inicial dos reatores totalmente com inóculo (biofertilizante proveniente da digestão anaeróbia da água residuária da bovinocultura de leite) e a progressão de carga para os resíduos de frutas e vegetais. A maior produção específica de biogás e metano foi atingida pela codigestão anaeróbia de resíduos de frutas e vegetais com água residuária da bovinocultura de leite, 720 e 436 L kg-1 de sólidos voláteis (SV), respectivamente. A adição da água residuária da bovinocultura de leite aumentou em 249% a alcalinidade dos resíduos de frutas e vegetais e diminuiu em 83,4% sua acidez volátil. A recuperação de macronutrientes no biofertilizante é favorecida pela monodigestão anaeróbia dos resíduos de frutas e vegetais em função do uso do reciclo. Entretanto, visando a destinação destes ao meio rural, a codigestão anaeróbia com água residuária da bovinocultura de leite favorece o uso agrícola do biofertilizante. ambiental carbono circular reciclo . (reciclo) semicontínuo 72 43 kg1 kg 1 kg- SV, SV , (SV) respectivamente 249 834 83 4 83,4 volátil Entretanto rural (reciclo 7 (SV 24 8 83, 2

ABSTRACT The proper disposal of fruit and vegetable waste is essential to promote environmental sustainability, reduce the carbon footprint, improve soil quality, and contribute to the transition to a circular economy. This study examined the impact of incorporating dairy cattle wastewater (DCWW) into anaerobic co-digestion with fruit and vegetable residues and utilization of the resulting biofertilizer as a diluent in the anaerobic mono-digestion of fruit and vegetable residues (recycle). The specific biogas and methane production and the agronomic quality of the biofertilizer were evaluated in a semi-continuous trial. Two startup strategies were employed: initially, the reactors were entirely fed with inoculum (biofertilizer derived from DCWW), and fruit and vegetable residue feedstock was gradually introduced. Anaerobic co-digestion of fruit and vegetable residues with DCWW yielded the highest specific production of biogas and methane at 720 and 436 L kg-1 of volatile solids (VS), respectively. The addition of DCWW increases fruit and vegetable residue alkalinity by 249% and reduces the volatile acidity by 83.4%. Anaerobic mono-digestion of fruit and vegetable residues enhances macronutrient recovery in the biofertilizer through recycle. Logistically, directing fruit and vegetable residues to rural areas for anaerobic co-digestion with DCWW promotes agricultural biofertilizer use. sustainability footprint economy (DCWW codigestion co digestion monodigestion mono recycle . (recycle) semicontinuous semi continuous trial employed initially DCWW, , DCWW) introduced 72 43 kg1 kg 1 kg- VS, VS (VS) respectively 249 834 83 4 83.4% Logistically use (recycle 7 (VS 24 8 83.4 2 83.

RESUMO O potássio é um nutriente com potencial para aumentar a tolerância das plantas ao estresse salino. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a produção e a qualidade da couve submetida ao estresse salino e às concentrações de potássio em ambiente protegido. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em parcela subdivididas, sendo as parcelas compostas por cinco soluções nutritivas (tratamento controle, S1 - solução nutritiva padrão usando água de baixa salinidade, 0,5 dS m-1 (500 mg L-1 de KNO3), e quatro soluções nutritivas preparadas em águas salobras (3,5 dS m-1) contendo quatro concentrações de KNO3 (S2 - 500 mg L-1, S3 - 625 mg L-1, S4 - 750 mg L-1, S5 - 1.000 mg L-1). As subparcelas foram representadas por duas cultivares de couve folha (Manteiga e Manteiga da Geórgia). Foram avaliadas as variáveis de produção de folhas e qualidades físicas e químicas pós-colheita. A solução nutritiva salinizada com adição de NaCl (S2) reduziu a produção, mas não reduziu a qualidade pós-colheita da couve folha. A adição extra de KNO3 em 25% (S3) foi eficiente para reduzir o efeito deletério do estresse salino sobre as variáveis comprimento de folha, área foliar, produção e número de maços. A cv. Manteiga da Geórgia se mostrou mais tolerante ao estresse salino que a cv. Manteiga. protegido subdivididas tratamento controle S salinidade 05 0 5 0, m1 m 1 m- (50 L1 L L- KNO3, KNO , KNO3) 3,5 35 3 (3, S2 (S 50 L1, 1, 62 75 1000 000 1.00 L1. . L-1) Geórgia. Geórgia) póscolheita. póscolheita pós colheita. colheita 25 (S3 foliar maços cv (5 3, (3 6 7 100 00 1.0 2 ( 10 1.

ABSTRACT Potassium is a nutrient with the potential to increase plant tolerance to salt stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production and quality of kale subjected to salt stress and potassium concentrations in a protected environment. The experimental design was in split plots, with plots composed of five nutrient solutions (control treatment, S1 - standard nutrient solution prepared in low-salinity water, 0.5 dS m-1 (500 mg L-1 of KNO3), and four nutrient solutions prepared in brackish waters (3.5 dS m-1) containing four concentrations of KNO3 (S2 - 500 mg L-1, S3 - 625 mg L-1, S4 - 750 mg L-1, S5 - 1,000 mg L-1), and subplots represented by two leaf kale cultivars (Manteiga and Manteiga da Geórgia). Leaf production variables and post-harvest physical and chemical qualities were evaluated. The saline nutrient solution with the addition of NaCl (S2) reduced production but did not reduce the post-harvest quality of kale. The extra addition of KNO3 at 25% (S3) was efficient in reducing the deleterious effects of salt stress on the variables leaf length, leaf area, leaf production, and number of bunches. The cv. Manteiga da Geórgia was more tolerant to salt stress than the cv. Manteiga. environment control treatment S lowsalinity low salinity water 05 0 5 0. m1 m 1 m- (50 L1 L L- KNO3, KNO , KNO3) 3.5 35 3 (3. S2 (S 50 L1, 1, 62 75 1000 000 1,00 L-1) Geórgia. . Geórgia) postharvest post harvest evaluated 25 (S3 length area bunches cv (5 3. (3 6 7 100 00 1,0 2 ( 10

ABSTRACT The interaction between bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes and N-fixing microorganisms has the potential to be utilized in sustainable agricultural production. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the effects of the interaction for growth, production and nodulation characteristics between the bacteria Rhizobium tropici and Azospirillum brasilense among different bean genotypes. The experiments were conducted in the Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in 2018 and 2019, in randomized block design with three replicates in a 20 × 3 factorial scheme; 20 common bean genotypes were tested under three forms of inoculation (no inoculation, inoculation with R. tropici, co-inoculation of R. tropici + A. brasilense). The number of grains per pod and nodule mass had the most significant direct positive effect on grain yield. For nodulation, a positive correlation of strong magnitude was observed between mass of the aerial part and number of pods per plant (0.68), stem diameter and mass of nodules (0.92) and first pod insertion height and number of nodules (0.64). In the path analysis, the number of grains per pod had the most significant direct effect (0.57) on the grain productivity variable. Regarding nodulation characteristics, selection for nodule mass was preferred due to its direct effect on grain yield as opposed to the number of nodules, which has a negative effect. This suggests an advantage of larger nodules with greater individual mass than a large number of small nodules for both improved yield and N fixing by common bean plants.

ABSTRACT Care for human well-being and health requires the consumption of healthy foods, and therefore, the “baby-leaf” gains increased space in the market as they have higher concentrations of bioactive compounds. The present study aimed to evaluate the growth and bioactive compounds of baby-leaf chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) according to the color of cultivation benches with different wavelengths. The experiment was conducted in a non-acclimatized greenhouse, covered with low density polyethylene film with an aluminized screen of 50% shading under the film and 50% shading screens on the sides. In a completely randomized design, five types of benches were evaluated without and with bright reflective colored materials: Control bench without reflective material, a bench with reflective bright white laminate, reflective bright dark red laminate, reflective bright dark blue laminate, and reflective bright yellow laminate. The bright white and yellow laminates amplified the most photosynthetically active radiation. All the laminates enhanced yield of baby-leaf chicory plants, where white, yellow, red, and dark blue enhanced the fresh matter by 102.6%, 50.2%, 60.6%, and 37.4% compared to the control, respectively. The bright dark blue laminates enhanced the bioactive compounds of baby-leaf chicory plants. The bright dark blue laminate enhanced the carotenoid production of baby-leaf chicory plants by 11.0%. The use of colored laminates was effective in the cultivation of baby-leaf chicory, both in terms of yield and quality, with significant increases in fresh matter and bioactive compounds. To provide baby-leaf chicory with higher bioactive content with antioxidant effect (carotenoids) the use of dark blue laminates is necessary; however, if the objective is greater shoot DM it will be white laminates.

RESUMO A ocorrência de fontes hídricas com concentrações elevadas de sais no semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro limita a expansão da agricultura irrigada. Dessa forma, é de extrema importância a busca por estratégias capazes de amenizar os efeitos do estresse salino nas plantas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os efeitos da aplicação foliar de ácido salicílico na indução de tolerância em mudas de goiabeira irrigadas com águas de distintas composições catiônicas da água. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida sob condições de casa de vegetação, utilizando o delineamento de blocos casualizados em arranjo fatorial 5 × 5, sendo cinco composições catiônicas da água de irrigação (S1 - Testemunha água de abastecimento; S2 - Na++Ca2++Mg2+; S3 - Na++Ca2+; S4 - Ca2++Mg2+ e S5 - Na++Mg2+), de modo a se ter uma proporção equivalente de 7:2:1, entre Na++Ca2++Mg2+ e de 1:1 entre outras combinações, respectivamente, mantendo condutividade elétrica - CEa de 3.0 dS m-1 e cinco concentrações de ácido salicílico (0; 0,8; 1,6; 2,4 e 3,2 mM) com 3 repetições e duas plantas por parcelas. O extravasamento de eletrólitos, a suculência e os sinais de fluorescência da clorofila a aumentaram nas mudas de goiabeira irrigadas com água de 3,0 dS m-1. Água com CEa de até 3,0 dS m-1 pode ser utilizada na formação de mudas de goiabeira com qualidade aceitável para o transplantio no campo, independente da sua constituição. Na ausência do ácido salicílico a salinidade da água afetou, de forma negativa, os teores de clorofila a e b das mudas, independente da natureza catiônica da água. irrigada Objetivouse Objetivou vegetação S1 S (S abastecimento NaCa2Mg2 NaCaMg Ca2 Mg2 Ca Mg Na++Ca2+ NaCa2 NaCa Ca2Mg2 CaMg Ca2++Mg2 Na++Mg2+, NaMg2 NaMg Na++Mg2+ , Na++Mg2+) 721, 721 7 2 1, 1 7:2:1 Na++Ca2++Mg2 11 1: combinações respectivamente 30 0 3. m1 m m- (0 0,8 08 8 1,6 16 6 24 4 2, 32 3, mM parcelas eletrólitos m1. 1. campo constituição afetou negativa NaCa2Mg Na++Ca2 Ca2Mg Ca2++Mg Na++Mg2 72 7:2: Na++Ca2++Mg ( 0, Na++Ca Na++Mg 7:2 7:

ABSTRACT The occurrence of water sources with high concentrations of salts in the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil limits the expansion of irrigated agriculture. Therefore, it is extremely important to look for strategies capable of mitigating the effects of salt stress on plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of foliar application of salicylic acid in inducing tolerance of guava seedlings irrigated with water of distinct cationic composition. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions using a randomized block design in a 5 × 5 factorial arrangement, with five cationic compositions of irrigation water (S1 - Control tap water, S2 - Na++Ca2++Mg2+, S3 - Na++Ca2+, S4 - Ca2++Mg2+, and S5 - Na++Mg2+), so as to have equivalent ratios of 7:2:1 relative to Na++Ca2++Mg2+ and 1:1 relative to other combinations, respectively maintaining electrical conductivity - ECw at 3.0 dS m-1, and five concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, and 3.2 mM), with three replications and two plants per plot. Electrolyte leakage, succulence, and chlorophyll a fluorescence signals increased in guava seedlings irrigated with water up to 3.0 dS m-1. Water with ECw of 3.0 dS m-1 can be used to produce guava seedlings with acceptable quality for transplanting to the field, regardless of its constitution. In the absence of salicylic acid, water salinity negatively affected the chlorophyll a and b contents of seedlings, regardless of the cationic nature of the water. semiarid semi arid agriculture Therefore composition arrangement S1 S (S NaCa2Mg2 NaCaMg Na Ca2 Mg2 Ca Mg NaCa2 NaCa Na++Ca2+ Ca2Mg2 CaMg Ca2++Mg2+ Na++Mg2+, NaMg2 NaMg Na++Mg2+ , Na++Mg2+) 721 7 2 1 7:2: Na++Ca2++Mg2 11 1: combinations 30 3 0 3. m1, m1 m 1, 0, (0 08 8 0.8 16 6 1.6 24 4 2.4 32 mM, mM mM) plot leakage succulence m1. 1. m- field constitution NaCa2Mg Na++Ca2 Ca2Mg Ca2++Mg2 Na++Mg2 72 7:2 Na++Ca2++Mg ( 0. 2. Na++Ca Ca2++Mg Na++Mg 7: