Abstract INTRODUCTION This study assessed the activity of compounds from Piper tuberculatum against Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania guyanensis. METHODS The effects of compounds from P. tuberculatum fruits on P. falciparum and L. guyanensis promastigote growth in vitro were determined. Hemolytic action and cytotoxicity in HepG2 and J774 cells were measured. RESULTS Three compounds showed strong antiplasmodial activity and one compound showed strong antileishmanial activity. Two compounds were non-toxic to HepG2 cells and all were toxic to J774 cells. The compounds showed no hemolytic activity. CONCLUSIONS The tested compounds from P. tuberculatum exhibited antiparasitic and cytotoxic effects.

ABSTRACT The symbiotic relationship between native microbiota and their hosts probably is a key factor in animal survival. In this study, the relationships of Pseudomonas spp. strains with specific biomarkers of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wild fish Chirostoma jordani, as well as the capacity of these bacteria to biotransform PAHs were evaluated. The activity of the naphthalene dioxygenase system of the bacteria exposed to 0.1, 1.0 and 10 µg/L of PAHs was higher than the mean isoform 1A1 (CYP1A1) of the wild fish, particularly bacterial species related to Pseudomonas spp. However, the epoxide hydrolase activity of the strains was lower in all cases compared to the fish. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity of the bacterial strains was lower than in the liver, but higher than in viscera of C. jordani. Using redundancy analysis, two differential patterns were found: (i) CYP1A1 activity of fish was induced by naphthalene and anthracene water levels independently of sampling season and lakes monitored, and (ii) the unidentified strain of the Pseudomonas genus biotransforms the endogenous levels of benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[k]fluoranthene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene in the fish allowing the hydroxylated metabolites to conjugate with glutathione through GST activity of the fish.

RESUMEN Las relaciones simbióticas entre la microbiota nativa y sus hospederos probablemente son un factor clave en la supervivencia animal. En el presente estudio se evaluaron las relaciones de cepas de Pseudomonas spp. con biomarcadores específicos de exposición a hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAP) en Chirostoma jordani silvestre, así como la capacidad de estas bacterias para biotransformar HAP. La actividad del sistema de naftalen-dioxigenasa de las bacterias expuestas a 0,1, 1,0 y 10 μg/L de HAP fue superior al promedio de la isoforma 1A1 (CYP1A1) en los peces, particularmente cepas relacionadas con especies de Pseudomonas spp. Sin embargo, la actividad de la epóxido hidrolasa de las bacterias fue menor en comparación con los peces. La catálisis de la glutatión-S-transferasa (GST) de las cepas bacterianas fue menor que en el hígado pero mayor que en la víscera de C. jordani. Utilizando análisis de redundancia se encontraron dos patrones diferenciados: i) el CYP1A1 de los peces fue inducido por naftaleno y antraceno independientemente de la temporada de muestreo y de los lagos, y ii) la biotransformación de los niveles endógenos de benzo[a]pireno, benzo[k]fluoranteno e indeno[1,2,3-cd]pireno realizada por la cepa no identificada del género Pseudomonas permitió que los metabolitos hidroxilados se conjugaran con el glutatión a través de la actividad GST del pez.

RESUMEN Objetivo Realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre los sistemas de información de vigilancia sanitaria y epidemiológica en zonas de frontera y puntos de entrada en Colombia. Materiales y Métodos Se desarrolló una revisión sistemática de literatura mediante la metodología Prisma, términos MeSH y DECS. Para ello, se consultaron, las bases de datos PubMed y BVS entre el 2000 y el 2014. Se incluyeron 51 documentos de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión-exclusión, a partir de los cuales se discutieron las categorías propuestas: servicios de salud, salud mental, estado de salud y determinantes sociales. Resultados El análisis permite evidenciar que la vigilancia epidemiológica y sanitaria de fronteras y puntos de entrada en el ámbito mundial, está enfocado principalmente en ejes como salud mental, eventos transmisibles y eventos de condiciones no transmisibles. Adicionalmente, se da importancia a la atención integral en los servicios de salud y al análisis del estado de salud de la población inmigrante bajo el enfoque diferencial territorial, étnico y cultural. Sin embargo, hay pocas experiencias con un enfoque intersectorial, así como de determinantes sociales, en los territorios con condiciones de zonas de fronteras y/o puntos de entrada. Conclusiones Las diferencias de contexto, sistemas de salud, sistemas de información y prioridades de cada país, hacen que el intercambio y la cooperación entre las fronteras tengan serios retos. Debido a esto, es necesario contar con instrumentos de cooperación entre países limítrofes y análisis e información, con base en el modelo Determinantes Sociales de la Salud.

ABSTRACT Objective Perform a literature review about systems of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance for frontier zones and the points of entry of Colombia. Materials and Methods A systematic literature review using the Prisma methodology, MeSH and DECS terms, was developed in PubMed and BVS bibliographic databases between 2000 and 2014. We included 51 documents according to inclusion-exclusion criteria and we proposed and discussed these categories: health services, mental health, health status and social determinants. Results The analysis makes it possible to evidence that the epidemiological and sanitary surveillance of borders and entry points worldwide, focused mainly on axes such as mental health, transmissible events and events of non-communicable conditions. In addition, the importance of comprehensive care in health services, as well as the analysis of the health status of immigrant population under the territorial, ethnic and cultural differential approach. However, there are few experiences with a social determinants analysis in borders zone and / or entry points. Conclusions Differences in the context, health systems, information systems and priorities of each country make the exchange and cooperation between borders challenging. It is necessary to have instruments of cooperation between neighboring countries and a common information based on the Social Determinants of Health.

ABSTRACT Objective Perform a literature review about systems of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance for frontier zones and the points of entry of Colombia. Materials and Methods A systematic literature review using the Prisma methodology, MeSH and DECS terms, was developed in PubMed and BVS bibliographic databases between 2000 and 2014. We included 51 documents according to inclusion-exclusion criteria and we proposed and discussed these categories: health services, mental health, health status and social determinants. Results The analysis makes it possible to evidence that the epidemiological and sanitary surveillance of borders and entry points worldwide, focused mainly on axes such as mental health, transmissible events and events of non-communicable conditions. In addition, the importance of comprehensive care in health services, as well as the analysis of the health status of immigrant population under the territorial, ethnic and cultural differential approach. However, there are few experiences with a social determinants analysis in borders zone and / or entry points. Conclusions Differences in the context, health systems, information systems and priorities of each country make the exchange and cooperation between borders challenging. It is necessary to have instruments of cooperation between neighboring countries and a common information based on the Social Determinants of Health.

RESUMEN Objetivo Realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre los sistemas de información de vigilancia sanitaria y epidemiológica en zonas de frontera y puntos de entrada en Colombia. Materiales y Métodos Se desarrolló una revisión sistemática de literatura mediante la metodología Prisma, términos MeSH y DECS. Para ello, se consultaron, las bases de datos PubMed y BVS entre el 2000 y el 2014. Se incluyeron 51 documentos de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión-exclusión, a partir de los cuales se discutieron las categorías propuestas: servicios de salud, salud mental, estado de salud y determinantes sociales. Resultados El análisis permite evidenciar que la vigilancia epidemiológica y sanitaria de fronteras y puntos de entrada en el ámbito mundial, está enfocado principalmente en ejes como salud mental, eventos transmisibles y eventos de condiciones no transmisibles. Adicionalmente, se da importancia a la atención integral en los servicios de salud y al análisis del estado de salud de la población inmigrante bajo el enfoque diferencial territorial, étnico y cultural. Sin embargo, hay pocas experiencias con un enfoque intersectorial, así como de determinantes sociales, en los territorios con condiciones de zonas de fronteras y/o puntos de entrada. Conclusiones Las diferencias de contexto, sistemas de salud, sistemas de información y prioridades de cada país, hacen que el intercambio y la cooperación entre las fronteras tengan serios retos. Debido a esto, es necesario contar con instrumentos de cooperación entre países limítrofes y análisis e información, con base en el modelo Determinantes Sociales de la Salud.

Introduction American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) has been reported in every municipality of the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, but the transmission epidemiology remains poorly understood. Our study was developed in a rural area of the Nova Mutum municipality where four autochthonous cases of ACL were reported in 2009. Our aims were to describe the local phlebotomine sandfly fauna and to investigate the infection rates and infecting Leishmania species in the captured sandflies. Methods Entomological captures were performed bimonthly at 10 fixed sites close to the edge of a forested area between June 2011 and April 2012. Results A total of 3,743 phlebotomine sandflies belonging to 31 distinct species were captured. Approximately 75% of the specimens were females. The most abundant species (45.4%) was Lutzomyia antunesi, which was consistently captured at every site. Species that are epidemiologically important for ACL, such as L. flaviscutellata, L. whitmani and L. umbratilis, were also captured. L. antunesi and L. ubiquitalis were naturally infected by Leishmania braziliensis or Le. guyanensis, with minimum infection rates of 0.88% and 6.67%, respectively. Surprisingly, L. antunesi was infected by Le. infantum (synonym chagasi). Conclusions The natural infection of L. antunesi and L. ubiquitalis by Leishmania sp. suggests that these species might play a role in the zoonotic cycle of ACL in Nova Mutum. The presence of Le. infantum in L. antunesi suggests that there may be a risk of an outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Nova Mutum.

O papel das moléculas de adesão celular, na fisiopatologia do mieloma múltiplo (MM), tem sido alvo de vários estudos nos últimos anos. A expressão de CD56 pelos plasmócitos tumorais está associada a comportamento clínico menos agressivo da doença, e sua perda tem sido descrita na fase de leucemização plasmocitária. A determinação da expressão da molécula CD56 pelos plasmócitos tumorais pode ser obtida através de citometria em fluxo, revelando positividade em 55% a 78% dos casos. No presente estudo, objetivamos verificar a expressão da molécula CD56 por plasmócitos tumorais na medula óssea de portadores de MM, utilizando o estudo imuno-histoquímico das amostras histológicas obtidas ao diagnóstico. Analisamos as amostras de medula óssea de vinte portadores de MM, e realizamos o estudo imuno-histoquímico para determinação da expressão das cadeias leves kappa e lambda e da molécula CD56 pelos plasmócitos tumorais. A expressão da molécula CD56 foi importante em três casos, moderada em seis, discreta em quatro e negativa em sete. O estudo imuno-histoquímico mostrou-se válido para determinação da expressão de CD56 por plasmócitos tumorais em portadores de MM, fornecendo resultados semelhantes aos descritos para os obtidos por citometria em fluxo. Através do estudo imuno-histoquímico, foi possível observar variações da expressão da molécula CD56.

The role of adhesion molecules in the physiopathology of multiple myeloma has been the target of many studies over the last years. The CD56 expression by neoplastic plasma cells is related to a less aggressive clinical course, and its loss is described in plasma cell leukemia. The evaluation of the CD56 expression may be obtained by flow cytometry, with positivity in 55% to 78% of cases. In this study, we verified the CD56 expression by plasma cells in bone marrow of myeloma patients using immunohistochemistry in samples obtained at diagnosis. We analyzed bone marrow of 20 myeloma patients and performed immunohistochemistry to determine the expression of the kappa and lambda light chains and CD56 by neoplastic plasma cells. The CD56 expression was important in three samples, moderate in six, discrete in four and negative in seven. Immunohistochemistry was valid to determinate CD56 expression by neoplastic plasma cells in myeloma patients, giving similar results when compared with flow cytometry. It was possible to evaluate the variations in the CD 56 expression using this method.

OBJETIVO: Estudo ecocardiográfico em recém-nascidos (RN) de grupos de risco para cardiopatia congênita, a fim de se determinar a prevalência que justifique esse exame no período neonatal. MÉTODOS: Estudaram-se, de novembro/91 a abril/93, 156 RN do berçário anexo à Maternidade do HC-FMUSP, sendo RN de mães com cardiopatia congênita ou com diabetes mellitus, crianças de muito baixo peso, com malformações extracardíacas ou presença de sinais cardíacos, caracterizados por sopro, cianose ou arritmia, todos submetidos ao ecocardiograma. RESULTADOS: A prevalência encontrada foi de 21,8%, superior ao da população geral (0,8 a 1,2%), sendo que a maior entre os grupos, de 40,7%, ocorreu no grupo de malformações extracardíacas. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos dados justificam a realização de ecocardiograma em RN pertencentes a um destes grupos de risco para cardiopatia congênita.

PURPOSE: An echocardiographic study was performed in newborns from risk groups, with the aim of to determining prevalence and to evaluate the indications for this test in the neonatal period. METHODS: One hundred fifty six newborns were studied . They were admitted to the Newborn ward of the Department of Obstetric of the HC-FMUSP, in the period of November 91 to April 93, from mothers with congenital heart disease or diabetes, low birth weight newborns, with extracardiac malformations, cardiac signs and/or congenital infections. RESULTS: The observed prevalence was 21.8%, greater than that of the general population (0.8-1.2%). The group composed by 27 children with extracardiac abnormalities presented the largest prevalence when compared with the other groups (40.7%). These data justify the use of echocardiography in high risk newborns for the detection of congenital heart disease.

O Ministério da Saúde, considerando a existência de falhas do ponto de vista quantitativo (cobertura) no registro de nascidos vivos, no Brasil, e a impossibilidade de conhecer a distribuição dos nascidos vivos segundo algumas variáveis importantes sob a óptica clínico/epidemiológica (peso ao nascer, Índice de Apgar, duração da gestação, tipo de parto, paridade, idade e instrução da mãe), implantou em 1990, no Brasil, o Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos - SINASC- tendo como documento-base a Declaração de Nascido Vivo - DN - com a finalidade de suprir essas lacunas. Com o objetivo de avaliar a cobertura e a fidedignidade das informações geradas pelo SINASC, foi analisada a distribuição dos nascidos vivos hospitalares segundo características epidcmiológicas relativas ao produto de concepção, à gravidez, ao parto e à mãe. A população de estudo compreendeu 15.142 nascidos vivos hospitalares ocorridos em cinco municípios do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, no período de janeiro a julho de 1992. Os resultados permitiram reconhecer excelente cobertura do SINASC (emissão de DN acima de 99,5%) e ótima fidedignidade do preenchimento das DNs, para a maioria das variáveis, quando comparadas aos documentos hospitalares. Para algumas características foi observada maior fragilidade (Índice de Apgar, duração da gestação, instrução da mãe, número total de filhos tidos e nome do pai). São apresentadas sugestões para o aperfeiçoamento do SINASC e recomendados treinamentos/reciclagens do pessoal envolvido no preenchimento das DNs. O estudo confirma o fato de os dados permitirem análise válida para o conhecimento de aspectos ligados à saúde materno-infantil. Do ponto de vista epidemiológico, o estudo permitiu detectar proporções elevadas de parto operatório (48,4%), mães adolescentes (17,5%) e o valor estimado para o baixo peso ao nascer foi de 8,5%.

The Brazilian Ministry of Health implemented, in 1990, a System of Information of Live Births (SINASC) which introduced a Birth Certificate with a view to obtaining the total number of these events and their distribution according to epidemiological, demographic and clinical characteristics. It was decided to evaluate the System according to its coverage and the quality of information obtained, two years after its initial implementation. The population of this study consists of 15,142 hospital live births which occurred in five cities of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, in 1992. Birth Certificates and the corresponding maternal and child hospital records were examined visually with a view to checking data recorded on the Birth Certificate. It was seen that the system achieved a high degree of completeness (99.5%) and obtained a very accurate report for most of the items, though rather poor reporting for Apgar Score, length of gestation, mother's schooling, parity and father's name. This study allows suggestions to be made for the reformulation of some items and regarding the necessity for retraining the hospital personnel involved in the filling in of the certificates. Overall this study confirms that the Birth Certificate data are adequate for a valid analysis of aspects of maternal and child health research. The data showed high percentages of adolescent mothers (17.5%) and deliveries by cesarian section (48.4%). The percentage of low birth weight was 8.5%.

O Ministério da Saúde, considerando a existência de falhas do ponto de vista quantitativo (cobertura) no registro de nascidos vivos, no Brasil, e a impossibilidade de conhecer a distribuição dos nascidos vivos segundo algumas variáveis importantes sob a óptica clínico/epidemiológica (peso ao nascer, Índice de Apgar, duração da gestação, tipo de parto, paridade, idade e instrução da mãe), implantou em 1990, no Brasil, o Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos - SINASC- tendo como documento-base a Declaração de Nascido Vivo - DN - com a finalidade de suprir essas lacunas. Com o objetivo de avaliar a cobertura e a fidedignidade das informações geradas pelo SINASC, foi analisada a distribuição dos nascidos vivos hospitalares segundo características epidcmiológicas relativas ao produto de concepção, à gravidez, ao parto e à mãe. A população de estudo compreendeu 15.142 nascidos vivos hospitalares ocorridos em cinco municípios do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, no período de janeiro a julho de 1992. Os resultados permitiram reconhecer excelente cobertura do SINASC (emissão de DN acima de 99,5%) e ótima fidedignidade do preenchimento das DNs, para a maioria das variáveis, quando comparadas aos documentos hospitalares. Para algumas características foi observada maior fragilidade (Índice de Apgar, duração da gestação, instrução da mãe, número total de filhos tidos e nome do pai). São apresentadas sugestões para o aperfeiçoamento do SINASC e recomendados treinamentos/reciclagens do pessoal envolvido no preenchimento das DNs. O estudo confirma o fato de os dados permitirem análise válida para o conhecimento de aspectos ligados à saúde materno-infantil. Do ponto de vista epidemiológico, o estudo permitiu detectar proporções elevadas de parto operatório (48,4%), mães adolescentes (17,5%) e o valor estimado para o baixo peso ao nascer foi de 8,5%.

The Brazilian Ministry of Health implemented, in 1990, a System of Information of Live Births (SINASC) which introduced a Birth Certificate with a view to obtaining the total number of these events and their distribution according to epidemiological, demographic and clinical characteristics. It was decided to evaluate the System according to its coverage and the quality of information obtained, two years after its initial implementation. The population of this study consists of 15,142 hospital live births which occurred in five cities of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, in 1992. Birth Certificates and the corresponding maternal and child hospital records were examined visually with a view to checking data recorded on the Birth Certificate. It was seen that the system achieved a high degree of completeness (99.5%) and obtained a very accurate report for most of the items, though rather poor reporting for Apgar Score, length of gestation, mother's schooling, parity and father's name. This study allows suggestions to be made for the reformulation of some items and regarding the necessity for retraining the hospital personnel involved in the filling in of the certificates. Overall this study confirms that the Birth Certificate data are adequate for a valid analysis of aspects of maternal and child health research. The data showed high percentages of adolescent mothers (17.5%) and deliveries by cesarian section (48.4%). The percentage of low birth weight was 8.5%.