RESUMO Objetivo Analisar fatores associados à viremia detectável de HIV entre mulheres transexuais/travestis (MTTr), em cinco capitais brasileiras. Métodos Dados referentes à amostra de MTTr com sorologia reagente para HIV e carga viral (CV) detectável, em um estudo transversal entre 2019 e 2021. As variáveis dependentes e independentes foram, respectivamente: dosagem da carga viral, características socioeconômicas/demográficas; uso de álcool/drogas; e autopercepção de saúde mental. Foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados Um total de 425 MTTr tiveram resultado reagente para HIV e realizaram dosagem de CV, com 179 (42,0%) detectáveis. Os fatores associados positivamente à detectabilidade foram: serem mais novas (RP=2,26; IC95% 1,13;4,51), piores condições de moradia (RP=2,72; IC95% 1,30;5,68) e saúde mental ruim/muito ruim (RP=1,70; IC95% 1,08;2,66). O uso de antirretroviral foi fator protetor à detectabilidade (RP=0,29; IC95% 0,30;0,61). Conclusão Os fatores associados à não supressão viral apontam vulnerabilidade ligada à identidade de gênero com impacto negativo, mesmo com a maioria em uso da terapia antirretroviral (TARV). transexuaistravestis transexuais travestis MTTr, , (MTTr) brasileiras CV (CV 201 2021 foram respectivamente socioeconômicas/demográficas socioeconômicasdemográficas socioeconômicas demográficas álcool/drogas álcooldrogas álcool drogas robusta 42 17 42,0% 420 0 (42,0% detectáveis RP=2,26 RP226 RP 2 26 (RP=2,26 IC95 IC 1,134,51, 113451 1,13 4,51 1 13 4 51 1,13;4,51) RP=2,72 RP272 72 (RP=2,72 1,305,68 130568 1,30 5,68 30 5 68 1,30;5,68 ruimmuito muito RP=1,70 RP170 70 (RP=1,70 1,082,66. 108266 1,08 2,66 . 08 66 1,08;2,66) RP=0,29 RP029 29 (RP=0,29 0,300,61. 030061 0,30 0,61 61 0,30;0,61) negativo TARV. TARV (TARV) (MTTr 20 202 42,0 (42,0 RP=2,2 RP22 (RP=2,2 IC9 134 1,134,51 11345 113 1,1 451 4,5 1,13;4,51 RP=2,7 RP27 7 (RP=2,7 305 1,305,6 13056 130 1,3 568 5,6 3 6 1,30;5,6 RP=1,7 RP17 (RP=1,7 082 1,082,66 10826 108 1,0 266 2,6 1,08;2,66 RP=0,2 RP02 (RP=0,2 300 0,300,61 03006 030 0,3 061 0,6 0,30;0,61 (TARV 42, (42, RP=2, RP2 (RP=2, 1,134,5 1134 11 1, 45 4, 1,13;4,5 1,305, 1305 56 5, 1,30;5, RP=1, RP1 (RP=1, 1,082,6 1082 10 2, 1,08;2,6 RP=0, RP0 (RP=0, 0,300,6 0300 03 0, 06 0,30;0,6 (42 RP=2 (RP=2 1,134, 1,13;4, 1,305 1,30;5 RP=1 (RP=1 1,082, 1,08;2, RP=0 (RP=0 0,300, 0,30;0, (4 RP= (RP= 1,134 1,13;4 1,30; 1,082 1,08;2 0,300 0,30;0 ( (RP 1,13; 1,08; 0,30;

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze factors associated with detectable HIV viremia among transgender women/transvestites (TWT) in five Brazilian capitals. Methods : This was a cross-sectional study using data from a sample of TWT with HIV-positive serology and detectable viral load (VL), between 2019 and 2021. The dependent and independent variables were, respectively: viral load measurement, socioeconomic/demographic characteristics; alcohol/drug use; and self-perceived mental health. Poisson regression with robust variance was used. Results : A total of 425 TWT tested positive for HIV and underwent VL measurement, 179 (42.0%) presented detectable viremia. Factors positively associated with detectability were: younger age (PR=2.26; 95%CI 1.13;4.51), poorer housing conditions (PR=2.72; 95%CI 1.30;5.68) and poor/very poor mental health (PR=1.70; 95%CI 1.08;2.66). The use of antiretroviral drugs was a protective factor against detectability (PR=0.29; 95%CI 0.30;0.61). Conclusion The factors associated with unsuppressed viral load highlight vulnerability related to gender identity that have a negative impact, despite the majority of participants being on antiretroviral therapy (ART). womentransvestites women transvestites (TWT capitals crosssectional cross sectional HIVpositive VL, , (VL) 201 2021 were respectively measurement socioeconomicdemographic socioeconomic demographic characteristics alcoholdrug alcohol drug selfperceived self perceived used 42 17 42.0% 420 0 (42.0% PR=2.26 PR226 PR 2 26 (PR=2.26 95CI CI 95 1.134.51, 113451 1.13 4.51 1 13 4 51 1.13;4.51) PR=2.72 PR272 72 (PR=2.72 1.305.68 130568 1.30 5.68 30 5 68 1.30;5.68 poorvery very PR=1.70 PR170 70 (PR=1.70 1.082.66. 108266 1.08 2.66 . 08 66 1.08;2.66) PR=0.29 PR029 29 (PR=0.29 0.300.61. 030061 0.30 0.61 61 0.30;0.61) impact ART. ART (ART) (VL 20 202 42.0 (42.0 PR=2.2 PR22 (PR=2.2 9 134 1.134.51 11345 113 1.1 451 4.5 1.13;4.51 PR=2.7 PR27 7 (PR=2.7 305 1.305.6 13056 130 1.3 568 5.6 3 6 1.30;5.6 PR=1.7 PR17 (PR=1.7 082 1.082.66 10826 108 1.0 266 2.6 1.08;2.66 PR=0.2 PR02 (PR=0.2 300 0.300.61 03006 030 0.3 061 0.6 0.30;0.61 (ART 42. (42. PR=2. PR2 (PR=2. 1.134.5 1134 11 1. 45 4. 1.13;4.5 1.305. 1305 56 5. 1.30;5. PR=1. PR1 (PR=1. 1.082.6 1082 10 2. 1.08;2.6 PR=0. PR0 (PR=0. 0.300.6 0300 03 0. 06 0.30;0.6 (42 PR=2 (PR=2 1.134. 1.13;4. 1.305 1.30;5 PR=1 (PR=1 1.082. 1.08;2. PR=0 (PR=0 0.300. 0.30;0. (4 PR= (PR= 1.134 1.13;4 1.30; 1.082 1.08;2 0.300 0.30;0 ( (PR 1.13; 1.08; 0.30;

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar factores asociados a la viremia detectable del VIH entre mujeres transexuales/travestis (MTTr), en cinco capitales brasileñas. Métodos Datos referentes al muestreo MTTr con serología reactiva para VIH y carga viral detectable (CV), en estudio transversal entre 2019-2021. Las variables dependientes e independientes fueron, respectivamente: medición de carga viral, socioeconómicas/demográficas; consumo de alcohol/drogas; y autopercepción de salud mental. Se utilizó la regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta. Resultados Un total de 425 MTTr dieron positivo para el VIH y se sometieron a pruebas CV, siendo 179 (42,0%) detectables. Los factores asociados positivamente con la detectabilidad fueron: ser más joven (RP=2,26; IC95% 1,13;4,51), peores condiciones de vivienda (RP=2,72; IC95% 1,30;5,68) y salud mental mala/muy mala (RP=1,70; IC95% 1,08;2,66). El uso de medicamentos antirretrovirales fue un factor protector para la detectabilidad (RP=0,29; IC95% 0,30;0,61). Conclusión Los factores asociados a la no supresión viral indican vulnerabilidad ligada a identidad de género con efecto negativo, incluso cuando la mayoría utiliza terapia antirretroviral (TARV). transexualestravestis transexuales travestis MTTr, , (MTTr) brasileñas CV (CV) 20192021. 20192021 2019 2021. 2021 2019-2021 fueron respectivamente socioeconómicas/demográficas socioeconómicasdemográficas socioeconómicas demográficas alcohol/drogas alcoholdrogas alcohol drogas robusta 42 17 42,0% 420 0 (42,0% detectables RP=2,26 RP226 RP 2 26 (RP=2,26 IC95 IC 1,134,51, 113451 1,13 4,51 1 13 4 51 1,13;4,51) RP=2,72 RP272 72 (RP=2,72 1,305,68 130568 1,30 5,68 30 5 68 1,30;5,68 malamuy muy RP=1,70 RP170 70 (RP=1,70 1,082,66. 108266 1,08 2,66 . 08 66 1,08;2,66) RP=0,29 RP029 29 (RP=0,29 0,300,61. 030061 0,30 0,61 61 0,30;0,61) negativo TARV. TARV (TARV) (MTTr (CV 2019202 201 202 2019-202 42,0 (42,0 RP=2,2 RP22 (RP=2,2 IC9 134 1,134,51 11345 113 1,1 451 4,5 1,13;4,51 RP=2,7 RP27 7 (RP=2,7 305 1,305,6 13056 130 1,3 568 5,6 3 6 1,30;5,6 RP=1,7 RP17 (RP=1,7 082 1,082,66 10826 108 1,0 266 2,6 1,08;2,66 RP=0,2 RP02 (RP=0,2 300 0,300,61 03006 030 0,3 061 0,6 0,30;0,61 (TARV 201920 20 2019-20 42, (42, RP=2, RP2 (RP=2, 1,134,5 1134 11 1, 45 4, 1,13;4,5 1,305, 1305 56 5, 1,30;5, RP=1, RP1 (RP=1, 1,082,6 1082 10 2, 1,08;2,6 RP=0, RP0 (RP=0, 0,300,6 0300 03 0, 06 0,30;0,6 20192 2019-2 (42 RP=2 (RP=2 1,134, 1,13;4, 1,305 1,30;5 RP=1 (RP=1 1,082, 1,08;2, RP=0 (RP=0 0,300, 0,30;0, 2019- (4 RP= (RP= 1,134 1,13;4 1,30; 1,082 1,08;2 0,300 0,30;0 ( (RP 1,13; 1,08; 0,30;

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze factors associated with detectable HIV viremia among transgender women/transvestites (TWT) in five Brazilian capitals. Methods : This was a cross-sectional study using data from a sample of TWT with HIV-positive serology and detectable viral load (VL), between 2019 and 2021. The dependent and independent variables were, respectively: viral load measurement, socioeconomic/demographic characteristics; alcohol/drug use; and self-perceived mental health. Poisson regression with robust variance was used. Results : A total of 425 TWT tested positive for HIV and underwent VL measurement, 179 (42.0%) presented detectable viremia. Factors positively associated with detectability were: younger age (PR=2.26; 95%CI 1.13;4.51), poorer housing conditions (PR=2.72; 95%CI 1.30;5.68) and poor/very poor mental health (PR=1.70; 95%CI 1.08;2.66). The use of antiretroviral drugs was a protective factor against detectability (PR=0.29; 95%CI 0.30;0.61). Conclusion The factors associated with unsuppressed viral load highlight vulnerability related to gender identity that have a negative impact, despite the majority of participants being on antiretroviral therapy (ART).

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar fatores associados à viremia detectável de HIV entre mulheres transexuais/travestis (MTTr), em cinco capitais brasileiras. Métodos Dados referentes à amostra de MTTr com sorologia reagente para HIV e carga viral (CV) detectável, em um estudo transversal entre 2019 e 2021. As variáveis dependentes e independentes foram, respectivamente: dosagem da carga viral, características socioeconômicas/demográficas; uso de álcool/drogas; e autopercepção de saúde mental. Foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados Um total de 425 MTTr tiveram resultado reagente para HIV e realizaram dosagem de CV, com 179 (42,0%) detectáveis. Os fatores associados positivamente à detectabilidade foram: serem mais novas (RP=2,26; IC95% 1,13;4,51), piores condições de moradia (RP=2,72; IC95% 1,30;5,68) e saúde mental ruim/muito ruim (RP=1,70; IC95% 1,08;2,66). O uso de antirretroviral foi fator protetor à detectabilidade (RP=0,29; IC95% 0,30;0,61). Conclusão Os fatores associados à não supressão viral apontam vulnerabilidade ligada à identidade de gênero com impacto negativo, mesmo com a maioria em uso da terapia antirretroviral (TARV).

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar factores asociados a la viremia detectable del VIH entre mujeres transexuales/travestis (MTTr), en cinco capitales brasileñas. Métodos Datos referentes al muestreo MTTr con serología reactiva para VIH y carga viral detectable (CV), en estudio transversal entre 2019-2021. Las variables dependientes e independientes fueron, respectivamente: medición de carga viral, socioeconómicas/demográficas; consumo de alcohol/drogas; y autopercepción de salud mental. Se utilizó la regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta. Resultados Un total de 425 MTTr dieron positivo para el VIH y se sometieron a pruebas CV, siendo 179 (42,0%) detectables. Los factores asociados positivamente con la detectabilidad fueron: ser más joven (RP=2,26; IC95% 1,13;4,51), peores condiciones de vivienda (RP=2,72; IC95% 1,30;5,68) y salud mental mala/muy mala (RP=1,70; IC95% 1,08;2,66). El uso de medicamentos antirretrovirales fue un factor protector para la detectabilidad (RP=0,29; IC95% 0,30;0,61). Conclusión Los factores asociados a la no supresión viral indican vulnerabilidad ligada a identidad de género con efecto negativo, incluso cuando la mayoría utiliza terapia antirretroviral (TARV).

Abstract Background Two-Drug Regimens (2DR) have proven effective in clinical trials but real-world data, especially in resource-limited settings, is limited. Objectives To evaluate viral suppression of lamivudine-based 2DR, with dolutegravir or ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (lopinavir/r, atazanavir/r or darunavir/r), among all cases regardless of selection criteria. Patients and methods A retrospective study, conducted in an HIV clinic in the metropolitan area of São Paulo, Brazil. Per-protocol failure was defined as viremia above 200 copies/mL at outcome. Intention-To-Treat-Exposed (ITT-E) failure was considered for those who initiated 2DR but subsequently had either (i) Delay over 30 days in Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) dispensation, (ii) ART changed or (iii) Viremia > 200 copies/mL in the last observation using 2DR. Results Out of 278 patients initiating 2DR, 99.6% had viremia below 200 copies/mL at last observation, 97.8% below 50 copies/mL. Lamivudine resistance, either documented (M184V) or presumed (viremia > 200 copies/mL over a month using 3TC) was present in 11% of cases that showed lower suppression rates (97%), but with no significant hazard ratio to fail per ITT-E (1.24, p= 0.78). Decreased kidney function, present in 18 cases, showed of 4.69 hazard ratio (p= 0.02) per ITT-E for failure (3/18). As per protocol analysis, three failures occurred, none with renal dysfunction. Conclusions The 2DR is feasible, with robust suppression rates, even when 3TC resistance or renal dysfunction is present, and close monitoring of these cases may guarantee long-term suppression. TwoDrug Two Drug DR (2DR realworld real world data resourcelimited resource limited settings lamivudinebased lamivudine based ritonavirboosted ritonavir boosted lopinavir/r, lopinavirr lopinavir r (lopinavir/r atazanavirr atazanavir darunavir/r, darunavirr darunavir/r , darunavir darunavir/r) criteria study Paulo Brazil Perprotocol Per 20 copiesmL copies mL outcome IntentionToTreatExposed Intention Treat Exposed ITTE ITT E (ITT-E i (i 3 (ART dispensation ii (ii iii (iii 27 996 99 6 99.6 978 97 8 97.8 5 M184V MV M V (M184V TC 11 97%, 97% (97%) 1.24, 124 1 24 (1.24 p 0.78. 078 0.78 . 0 78 0.78) function 469 4 69 4.6 (p 0.02 002 02 3/18. 318 3/18 (3/18) analysis occurred feasible longterm long term lopinavir/r 2 9 99. 97. (97% 1.24 12 (1.2 07 0.7 7 46 4. 0.0 00 31 3/1 (3/18 (97 1.2 (1. 0. 3/ (3/1 (9 1. (1 (3/ ( (3