Resumo Objectivos: Estudar o tipo de queda de cabelo mais frequente em diferentes faixas etárias e a deficiência prevalente de micronutrientes associada à queda de cabelo. Comparar a associação dos níveis séricos de ferritina, vitamina D e vitamina B12 com queda de cabelo entre casos e controles. Métodos: Este foi um estudo transversal que incluiu um total de 100 indivíduos com 50 casos de queda de cabelo e 50 controles pareados por idade e sexo. Os níveis séricos de vitamina D, vitamina B12 e ferritina foram medidos em todos os indivíduos. Resultados: A maioria dos sujeitos tinha entre 20 e 30 anos de idade. Houve predomínio do eflúvio telógeno seguido da alopecia androgenética masculina em todas as faixas etárias. As mulheres apresentaram níveis consideravelmente mais baixos de ferritina sérica em comparação aos homens entre os casos, com valor p de 0,0001. A vitamina D, a vitamina B12 e a ferritina sérica foram significativamente baixas entre os casos em comparação aos controles, com valores de p de 0,0001, 0,01 e 0,006, respectivamente. Conclusão: Este estudo sugere que baixos níveis séricos de vitamina B12 e ferritina sérica e particularmente vitamina D podem desempenhar um papel apreciável na perda de cabelo, especialmente no eflúvio telógeno entre as mulheres. A avaliação destes parâmetros poderia ajudar o médico a optar por uma modalidade terapêutica mais precisa, mas a identificação da etiologia exacta continua a ser uma preocupação primordial, uma vez que é multifactorial, o que abre o caminho para um tratamento adequado e eficaz.

Abstract Objectives: The objective of this study was to study the most frequent type of hair loss in different age groups, and the prevalent micronutrient deficiency linked to hair loss and to compare the association of serum ferritin, vitamin D, and vitamin B12 levels with hair loss among cases and controls. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which included a total of 100 subjects with 50 hair loss cases and 50 age and sex-matched controls. Serum levels of vitamin D, vitamin B12, and ferritin were measured in all subjects. Results: Most of the subjects were between 20 and 30 years of age. There was a predominance of telogen effluvium followed by male androgenetic alopecia in all age groups. Females had considerably lower levels of serum ferritin compared to males among cases, with p-value of 0.0001. Vitamin D, vitamin B12, and serum ferritin were significantly low among cases compared to controls, with p-values of 0.0001, 0.01, and 0.006, respectively. Conclusion: This study suggests that low levels of serum vitamin B12 and serum ferritin and particularly vitamin D might play an appreciable role in hair loss especially telogen effluvium among females. Evaluation of these parameters could aid the clinician in opting for a more precise therapeutic modality, but identification of the exact etiology remains a primary concern as it is multifactorial, which paves path to appropriate and effective treatment.

ABSTRACT Stone columns are recognized as a highly effective technique for enhancing the load-bearing capacity and reducing settlement in soft clay soils. Recently, encased stone columns have become increasingly important in improving the properties of soft soils. In a series of controlled laboratory tests on prototype models, both uniform and non-uniform stone columns were examined under various loading conditions, with and without the application of geogrid encasement. The material characteristics of the soil and the stone columns, as well as their geometry, were the main subjects of this experimental study. The results revealed that geosynthetic encasement significantly reduced bulging and settlement, especially in non-uniform stone column configurations. The study found that using a non-uniform stone column design could reduce the quantity of materials required while still enhancing the soil's bearing capacity. The findings showed a significant improvement in performance due to the encasement, with the best load-settlement behavior occurring in columns where the encasement height was optimized for the specific geometry. This research underscores that a non-uniform encased stone column section can achieve results comparable to those of a traditional stone column. loadbearing load soils Recently models nonuniform non conditions geometry configurations soil&aposs soilaposs soil&apos s apos loadsettlement aposs soilapos

ABSTRACT The growth of industry in recent years has led to a gradual increase in concerns about heavy metal poisoning in water and soil, which, if ignored, might seriously endanger human health. Although copper (Cu) is a naturally occurring element that is widely distributed, exposure to high concentrations can have harmful effects on the body due to bioaccumulation and toxicity. With the help of biochar, an adsorbent made from the Roystonea Regia plant, batch adsorption experiments were utilized in this study to remove copper from aqueous solutions. Bentonite clay modifies the adsorbent̕s surface to boost its reactivity, For Cu the percentage removal efficiency was 72.62%. The equilibrium isotherms were defined by analyzing the experimental data with the help of Thomson model and Yoon Nelson. To ascertain the elemental composition and surface modification of the produced biochars, the surface area was assessed using SEM, EDAX and FTIR techniques both before and after the adsorption. The results of the study demonstrated that surface-modified biochar produced by Roystonea Regia performed effectively as an adsorbent to eliminate Cu2+ ions from effluent. soil which ignored health (Cu distributed toxicity plant solutions adsorbents s reactivity 7262 72 62 72.62% Nelson biochars SEM surfacemodified modified Cu2 effluent 726 7 6 72.62 72.6 72.

ABSTRACT Green algae production is crucial in aqua-agriculture due to its roles in wastewater treatment, CO2 absorption, and oxygen release, along with its potential for valuable product synthesis. Monitoring green algae growth is essential as it indicates climate and water quality. However, identifying algae growth is challenging due to high-dimensional feature analysis, leading to classification inaccuracies. To address this, deep learning feature analysis is applied to enhance classification accuracy. We collect data on algae growth attributes, such as water temperature, light intensity, nitrogen, and chlorophyll, using the Internet of Things (IoT). Noise reduction is achieved using the Z-score technique, while the Algal Growth Impact Ratio (AGIR) method identifies green algae growth from the processed dataset. The Destructive Spout Deficiency Rate (DSDR) technique assesses algae growth deficiency, and the multi-scale-invariant clustering method determines marginal threshold values. Finally, a Densenet Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) with ReLU activation function is employed for classification. This approach improves prediction accuracy to 96% and achieves a precision accuracy of 95%, significantly enhancing algae growth monitoring compared to other methods. aquaagriculture aqua agriculture treatment CO absorption release synthesis quality However highdimensional high dimensional inaccuracies this attributes temperature intensity nitrogen chlorophyll IoT. IoT . (IoT) Zscore Z score AGIR (AGIR dataset DSDR (DSDR deficiency multiscaleinvariant multi scale invariant values Finally DCNN (DCNN 96 95 95% methods (IoT 9

Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and drilling performance of the polypropylene (PP) composites reinforced with different volume fractions (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 vol.%) of untreated and alkali treated novel Alstonia macrophylla (AS) fiber were investigated. DMA reports showed that 40 vol.% fiber loaded PP composites imparted good thermomechanical properties in terms of storage modulus (E’), and loss modulus (E”) with a remarkable 366% and 331% improvement than virgin PP laminates respectively. In addition, study also disclosed that, alkali treated composites exhibited higher DMA properties than untreated PP composites owing to strong interfacial bonding of fiber and matrix as result of alkali treatment. Drilling study was also performed to investigate the effect of chemical treatment and drill parameters viz., drill point angle (90°, 118°, and 130°) and feed rate (20, 40, and 60 mm/min) on machinability property of PP/AS composites. Drilling outcomes conveyed that alkali treated PP/AS composites showed slight resistance to drilling than untreated composites owing to strong interfacial strength which played a vital role in resisting thrust force. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to capture the images of the drilled surface to understand the morphology of the PP/AS composite. (DMA (PP 0, 0 (0 10 20 30 4 5 vol AS (AS investigated vol. E, E , (E’) (E” 366 331 respectively addition viz viz. 90°, 90 (90° 118 118° 130° 130 (20 6 mm/min mmmin mm min PPAS force FESEM (FESEM composite ( 1 2 3 (E’ (E 36 33 90° 9 (90 11 13 (2 (9

Abstract In this study, the utilization of neem gum powder and snake grass fiber, gathered from snake grass plants is discussed. The fibers are produced in various volume percentages of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35% and their mechanical characteristics such as tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and critical stress intensity are investigated. The combination of 30% snake grass fiber, 15% neem gum powder and 55% epoxy resin, in terms of volume, contributes towards the attaining of better mechanical properties. The tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and critical stress intensity of this blend are respectively 36.497±0.429 MPa, 65.87±1.85 MPa, 2682.67±1.866 J/m2 and 42.291±2.61 Pa mm-1/2. The mechanical properties improve with the addition of the fiber. However, as more fiber is added, the adhesion at the interface gets reduced. The automotive and aerospace sectors can use this composite material, which enhances the mechanical characteristics for interior applications. study discussed 5 10 15 20 25 3 35 strength investigated 55 resin 364970429 36 497 0 429 36.497±0.42 MPa 6587185 65 87 1 85 65.87±1.8 2682671866 2682 67 866 2682.67±1.86 Jm2 Jm J m2 m J/m 42291261 42 291 2 61 42.291±2.6 mm1/2. mm12 mm 1/2. mm-1/2 However added reduced material applications 36497042 49 36.497±0.4 658718 6 8 65.87±1. 268267186 268 86 2682.67±1.8 4229126 4 29 42.291±2. mm1 mm1/2 12 1/2 mm-1/ 3649704 36.497±0. 65871 65.87±1 26826718 26 2682.67±1. 422912 42.291±2 mm1/ 1/ mm-1 364970 36.497±0 6587 65.87± 2682671 2682.67±1 42291 42.291± mm- 36497 36.497± 658 65.87 268267 2682.67± 4229 42.291 3649 36.497 65.8 26826 2682.67 422 42.29 364 36.49 65. 2682.6 42.2 36.4 2682. 42. 36.

ABSTRACT Blunt chest trauma (BCT) is one of the rarest causes of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This paper reports the case of a young married man who suffered from AMI due to BCT sustained in a fight with his wife. The histopathology examination revealed a rupture of atherosclerotic plaque with superimposed thrombus in the proximal left anterior descending artery. This report also reviews previously reported BCT-induced AMI cases in the literature.

ABSTRACT Paraquat is a potent herbicide widely used in the Indian agriculture industry. Human fatality due to paraquat poisoning is not uncommon in this country. The primary effect of paraquat is on the lungs, and the resultant pulmonary damage leads to the patient's demise. There is a high mortality rate in paraquat poisoning as the treatment is usually supportive with no known antidote. There are limited human studies that have observed the histopathological changes in lungs in paraquat poisoning. The authors have discussed the time-related histopathological changes in lungs in paraquat poisoning on autopsy subjects. The role of anticoagulants and fibrinolytic agents in the treatment of this poisoning has also been discussed.

ABSTRACT Invasive aspergillosis is an uncommon infection, which is mainly seen among immunocompromised patients. In recent years, cases of aspergillosis involving immunocompetent hosts are increasingly being reported. Herein, we report the case of a 27-year-old man with fever, productive cough, shortness of breath, and left hemiparesis. He had suffered trauma to his head 25 days prior. Imaging of the chest showed bilateral cavitary lesions in the lungs, and neuroimaging revealed a space-occupying lesion in the right frontoparietal cerebrum. He was suspected of having an abscess or metastasis. He died on day 3 of hospitalization, and an autopsy was performed. The autopsy revealed the cause of death to be invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, with brain dissemination. Invasive aspergillosis is uncommon in apparently immunocompetent individuals, and we discuss the autopsy findings in detail.

Abstract Background: Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal symptoms, primarily attributed to sensitization of somatosensory system carrying pain. Few reports have investigated the impact of fibromyalgia symptoms on cognition, corticomotor excitability, sleepiness, and the sleep quality — all of which can deteriorate the quality of life in fibromyalgia. However, the existing reports are underpowered and have conflicting directions of findings, limiting their generalizability. Therefore, the present study was designed to compare measures of cognition, corticomotor excitability, sleepiness, and sleep quality using standardized instruments in the recruited patients of fibromyalgia with pain-free controls. Methods: Diagnosed cases of fibromyalgia were recruited from the Rheumatology department for the cross-sectional, case-control study. Cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination, Stroop color-word task), corticomotor excitability (Resting motor threshold, Motor evoked potential amplitude), daytime sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness scale), and sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index) were studied according to the standard procedure. Results: Thirty-four patients of fibromyalgia and 30 pain-free controls were recruited for the study. Patients of fibromyalgia showed decreased cognitive scores (p = 0.05), lowered accuracy in Stroop color-word task (for color: 0.02, for word: 0.01), and prolonged reaction time (< 0.01, < 0.01). Excessive daytime sleepiness in patients were found (< 0.01) and worsened sleep quality (< 0.01) were found. Parameters of corticomotor excitability were comparable between patients of fibromyalgia and pain-free controls. Conclusions: Patients of fibromyalgia made more errors, had significantly increased reaction time for cognitive tasks, marked daytime sleepiness, and impaired quality of sleep. Future treatment strategies may include cognitive deficits and sleep disturbances as an integral part of fibromyalgia management.

ABSTRACT: This paper proposes a methodology to harvest the benefits of camber morphing airfoils for small unmanned aerial vehicle (SUAV) applications. Camber morphing using discrete elements was used to morph the base airfoil, which was split into two, three, and four elements, respectively, to achieve new configurations, into the target one. . In total, thirty morphed airfoil configurations were generated and tested for aerodynamic efficiency at the Reynolds numbers of 2.5 × 105 and 4.8 × 105, corresponding to loiter and cruise Reynolds numbers of a typical SUAV. The target airfoil performance could be closely achieved by combinations of 5 to 8 morphed configurations, the best of which were selected from a pool of thirty morphed airfoil configurations for the typical design specifications of SUAV. Interestingly, some morphed airfoil configurations show a reduction in drag coefficient of 1.21 to 15.17% compared to the target airfoil over a range of flight altitudes for cruise and loiter phases. Inspired by the drag reductions observed, a case study is presented for resizing a SUAV accounting for the mass addition due to the morphing system retaining the benefits of drag reduction.

Abstract. The electrochemical studies of picric acid were carried out in acidic, neutral and basic buffer media at bare glassy carbon (GC) and polypyrrole modified GC electrode. Cyclic Voltammogram (CV) of picric acid exhibited three reduction peaks at -0.4, -0.8 and -1.5V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and two oxidation peaks at 0.8 and 1.4V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Among the various pH studied, highly sensitive response was observed at pH 1.0. The effect of scan rate was studied between 25 and 500 mVs-1 at the optimal pH.CV results revealed the adsorption-controlled reaction at the electrode surface. The GC electrode was modified with polypyrrole conducting polymer film to enhance the electrocatalytic activity of the reductive species. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images showed the nanosphere morphology of the polypyrrole film, which was coated uniformly on the electrode surface. Under optimum experimental conditions, the influence of concentration on the stripping signal was studied. The linear range of detection was found between 50 ppb and 250 ppb with the lower limit of detection of 10±3 ppb.

Resumen. Los estudios electroquímicos del ácido pícrico se realizaron en medios amortiguados ácidos, neutros y alcalinos con un electrodo de carbono vítreo (GC) y de GC modificado con polipirrol (PP). El voltamperograma cíclico (CV) del ácido pícrico mostró tres picos de reducción a -0.4, -0.8 y -1.5 V (frente a Ag/AgCl) y dos picos de oxidación a 0.8 y 1.4 V (frente a Ag/AgCl). Entre los diversos valores de pH estudiados, se observó una respuesta altamente sensible a pH de 1.0. El efecto de la velocidad de barrido se estudió entre 25 y 500 mVs-1 en el pH óptimo. Los resultados de CV revelaron que la reacción está controlada por adsorción en la superficie del electrodo. El electrodo de GC fue modificado con una película polimérica conductora de PP para mejorar la actividad electrocatalítica de las especies. Las imágenes de la microscopía de fuerza atómica (AFM) mostraron la morfología de la nanoesfera de la película de PP, que recubre uniformemente la superficie del electrodo. Bajo condiciones experimentales óptimas, se estudió la influencia de la concentración en la señal de stripping. El rango lineal de detección se encontró entre 50 ppb y 250 ppb con el límite inferior de detección de 10±3 ppb.

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of moringa and nano ash filler particles on mechanical, chemical corrosion and moisture absorption of basalt fiber/epoxy composites. Epoxy resin and Araldite HY951 hardener was used as matrix along with the inclusion of filler particles while the bi-directional woven basalt fiber mat was used as the reinforcement in fabricating composites using hand layup technique. Three different composites i.e. Plain BF + matrix with no filler particles, BF + matrix with 10 wt, % moringa ash and BF + matrix with 10 wt, % bagasse ash were fabricated and tested according to the ASTM standards to determine the mechanical properties and chemical corrosion resistance. According to the experimental test results, the composites with moringa ash inclusion showed better properties than the bagasse ash inclusion and with no filler added composites.

Abstract Advanced fabric reinforced polymer composites find extensive applications in aerospace and structural fields due to their high mechanical properties. A novel stamp forming technique finds extensive use in the hemispherical forming of thermoplastic composites. This study investigates the influence of stamp forming parameters on the formability of thermoplastic composite using Taguchi’s robust design and grey relational analysis. Taguchi’s orthogonal array was used for designing the forming experiments. Responses such as forming ratio and logarithmic thickness strain were considered for the assessment of sheet formability through single and multi-response optimization. Analysis of variance was used for the determination of the contribution of each parameter on formability and it was identified that the die temperature acts as a prominent factor, followed by blank holder force and blank temperature. The confirmation test was conducted at optimum parameter levels and the obtained experimental grade was seen within the confidence interval of the predicted value.

In this study, an effort has been made to choose an appropriate tool pin profile and rotational speed for a tool using a submerged friction stir processed hot rolled AZ31B magnesium alloy. A defect free process region was obtained using a novel tool shoulder, which consisted of a scroll. Three tool pin profiles, namely, simple cylindrical, stepped cylindrical and stepped square pin have been used. Tensile properties and fracture behavior revealed defect free friction stir processed specimens. The microstructural studies reveal the possibility of producing a defect free processed region using the stepped square pin tool geometry. The presence of fine recrystallized grains (1.99 µm) and the absence of defects in the processed region lead to higher hardness and superior tensile properties.