Abstract The potential of Portland Slag Cement (PSC) may increase mechanical strength and longevity, its application in concrete is becoming more and more popular. PSC-concrete qualities are examined in this work, with a particular emphasis on microstructure, strength, and durability. Compressive, split tensile, flexural, and modulus of elasticity tests were conducted using different curing techniques. The outcomes were contrasted with formulations of regular Portland cement (OPC). At various curing times, tests for durability such as porosity, acid resistance, sorptivity, water absorption, and chloride penetration were carried out. PSC-related microstructure alterations were examined using sophisticated methods including SEM and XRD. Results show that PSC enhances concrete performance over the short and long terms, especially in abrasive settings. Microstructural research reveals that the effect of slag is responsible for improved pozzolanic reactions, decreased porosity, and refined pore structure. The potential of PSC to improve the lifetime and durability of concrete is highlighted by this study. (PSC longevity popular PSCconcrete work Compressive tensile flexural techniques OPC. OPC . (OPC) times porosity resistance sorptivity absorption out PSCrelated related XRD terms settings reactions structure study (OPC

Resumo Variações na drenagem (terminação) e curso das veias dos membros inferiores não são incomuns. No caso vascular relatado, ao dissecar o membro inferior esquerdo de um cadáver adulto do sexo masculino, foi observado um tipo único de veia safena parva (VSP) unilateral. Verificou-se que a VSP tinha origem e curso normais no dorso do pé e na traseira da perna, respectivamente. É mais comum a VSP terminar na veia poplítea, localizada na fossa poplítea. No caso relatado, ela se estendia para cima até a parte posterior da coxa, passando por trás e profundamente no nervo ciático e no músculo isquiotibial, finalizando nas veias da coxa. A VSP não penetra nenhuma estrutura no seu curso; portanto, não é provável que esta veia incomum esteja associada a veias varicosas da VSP. Para cirurgiões gerais, plásticos, cardiotorácicos e vasculares, nosso caso é de extrema importância. terminação (terminação incomuns relatado masculino (VSP unilateral Verificouse Verificou perna respectivamente poplítea coxa isquiotibial portanto gerais plásticos vasculares importância

Abstract Variations in the drainage (termination) and course of the lower limb veins are not uncommon. When dissecting the left lower limb of the adult male cadaver in the vascular case described herein, a unique kind of unilateral short saphenous vein (SSV) termination was observed. It was found that the SSV had normal origin and course in the dorsum of the foot and the back of the leg, respectively. Most often the SSV terminates in the popliteal vein at the popliteal fossa. In this case, it extended upward into the back of the thigh, passing behind the sciatic nerve and then deep to it and the biceps femoris, and finally ended in the veins of the thigh. The SSV did not penetrate any structures along its course to the end, so this unusual vein appears unlikely to be associated with SSV varicose veins. For general, plastic, cardiothoracic, and vascular surgeons, our case would be of significant value. (termination uncommon herein (SSV observed leg respectively fossa thigh femoris end general plastic cardiothoracic surgeons value

ABSTRACT This study examines the friction and wear behavior of hybrid composite materials, with a focus on understanding how premixed reinforcement influences wear rate and coefficient of friction (COF) under varying conditions of load, sliding speed, and distance. The results indicate that increasing load and sliding speed generally raise both the wear rate and COF, with wear rates ranging from 58 µm to 100 µm and COF from 0.37 to 0.52. Notably, Sample S4 (20N/1.5 m/s/600 m) showed the lowest wear rate of 58 µm, while Sample S6 (20N/3.5 m/s/1000 m) exhibited the highest wear rate at 100 µm. Sample S5 (20N/2.5 m/s/800m) stood out with a wear rate of 61 µm and the lowest COF of 0.37, suggesting that premixed reinforcement can significantly enhance wear resistance under specific conditions. Advanced scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to analyze wear mechanisms, offering critical insights into the surface degradation processes. The study’s comprehensive evaluation of hybrid composites, supported by comparative analysis with existing systems, underscores their potential for high-stress applications in industries like aerospace and automotive, where durability and material performance are crucial. materials (COF distance 5 10 037 0 37 0.3 052 52 0.52 Notably S 20N/1.5 20N15 N 20N 1 (20N/1. ms600 ms m s 600 m/s/60 20N/3.5 20N35 3 (20N/3. ms1000 1000 m/s/100 20N/2.5 20N25 2 (20N/2. m/s/800m ms800m msm 800m 6 SEM (SEM mechanisms processes studys composites systems highstress high stress automotive crucial 03 0. 05 0.5 20N/1. 20N1 (20N/1 ms60 60 m/s/6 20N/3. 20N3 (20N/3 ms100 m/s/10 20N/2. 20N2 (20N/2 20N/1 (20N/ ms6 m/s/ 20N/3 ms10 m/s/1 20N/2 20N/ (20N m/s ms1

Resumo A artéria subclávia é um ramo significativo do arco da aorta. Apresentamos um caso raro de variação bilateral do padrão de ramificação da artéria subclávia, observada em um cadáver adulto do sexo masculino de 70 anos. Em ambos os lados do pescoço, todos os ramos da artéria subclávia originavam-se de sua primeira parte. Houve rara ocorrência de tronco escapular cervical dorsal, que deu origem às artérias cervical superficial, supraescapular e escapular dorsal. O mesmo padrão de ramificação foi observado no lado esquerdo do pescoço, com a presença de tronco escapular cervical dorsal. O tronco tireocervical e a artéria cervical transversa estavam ausentes em ambas as regiões cervicais direita e esquerda. A artéria tireóidea inferior consistia em um ramo direto da artéria subclávia. O conhecimento das variações da artéria subclávia é fundamental, pois as artérias da região cervical lateral são importantes para a obtenção de retalhos em cirurgias plásticas e reconstrutivas. A avaliação radiológica pré-operatória dos pedículos pode ajudar na escolha do desenho ideal do retalho, prevenir complicações isquêmicas e ajudar a melhorar o resultado geral do tratamento. aorta 7 anos pescoço originavamse originavam se parte dorsal superficial esquerda fundamental reconstrutivas préoperatória pré operatória retalho tratamento

Abstract The subclavian artery is a significant branch of the aortic arch. We present a rare case of a bilateral variation in the branching pattern of the subclavian artery, observed in an adult male cadaver aged 70 years. On both the sides of the neck, all the branches of the subclavian artery took their origin from its first part. There was a rare occurrence of a cervicodorsoscapular trunk, which gave rise to superficial cervical, suprascapular, and dorsal scapular arteries. The same branching pattern was observed on the left side of the neck, with the presence of another cervicodorsoscapular trunk. Thyrocervical trunk and transverse cervical artery were both absent from the cervical region bilaterally. The inferior thyroid artery was a direct branch from the subclavian artery. Knowledge regarding variations of the subclavian artery is very important as lateral cervical region arteries are important for flap harvesting in plastic and reconstruction surgery. Preoperative radiologic evaluation of pedicles might help in choosing the optimal flap design, prevent ischemic complications, and help to improve overall treatment outcomes. arch 7 years neck part suprascapular bilaterally surgery design complications outcomes

Resumo As artérias renais originam-se do lado lateral da aorta abdominal, no nível da vértebra L2, logo abaixo da origem da artéria mesentérica superior. A presença de múltiplas artérias renais aberrantes pode representar dificuldades para transplante renal, procedimentos radiológicos e urológicos intervencionistas, embolização da artéria renal, angioplastia e reconstrução vascular para lesões congênitas e adquiridas. Apresentamos um caso de rim esquerdo vascularizado pela artéria renal esquerda e pelas artérias polares superior e inferior, as quais se originavam da aorta e da artéria mesentérica inferior, respectivamente. A artéria mesentérica inferior era cruzada pelo ureter esquerdo e pela veia mesentérica inferior. A artéria polar superior dava origem à artéria suprarrenal inferior, o que torna essa variação importante para clínicos e cirurgiões. originamse originam abdominal L2 L intervencionistas adquiridas respectivamente cirurgiões

Abstract The renal arteries arise from the lateral side of the abdominal aorta at the L2 vertebral level, just below the origin of the superior mesenteric artery. Multiple aberrant renal arteries can pose difficulties in renal transplantation, interventional radiological and urological procedures, renal artery embolization, angioplasty, or vascular reconstruction for congenital and acquired lesions. We present a case of a left kidney supplied by the left renal artery along with superior and inferior polar arteries, arising from the aorta and inferior mesenteric artery respectively. The inferior mesenteric artery was crossed by the left ureter and inferior mesenteric vein. The superior polar artery gave rise to an inferior suprarenal artery making the variation important for clinicians and surgeons. L level transplantation procedures embolization angioplasty lesions respectively vein surgeons

Resumo A coarctação da aorta é uma anomalia congênita rara, com incidência de 6-8% entre todos os problemas cardíacos congênitos. É geralmente diagnosticada na infância durante o exame clínico de rotina, e os adultos normalmente apresentam hipertensão. Diversas investigações, como ecocardiografia transtorácica, tomografia computadorizada e angiorressonância magnética, podem auxiliar no diagnóstico. O prognóstico depende da idade na apresentação e da gravidade da coarctação. As opções de tratamento disponíveis são o reparo aberto e o reparo endovascular. O bypass extra-anatômico é a opção preferida em caso de anatomia desfavorável. O acompanhamento de longo prazo é necessário após o reparo devido ao risco de reestenose e formação de aneurisma. Descrevemos o caso de uma jovem do sexo feminino que apresentou hipertensão, a qual foi diagnosticada como coarctação da aorta. Foi realizada derivação da artéria subclávia esquerda para a aorta torácica descendente. O pós-operatório transcorreu sem intercorrências, e a paciente apresentou melhora da hipertensão. rara 68% 68 6 8% 8 6-8 congênitos rotina hipertensão investigações transtorácica magnética diagnóstico endovascular extraanatômico extra anatômico desfavorável aneurisma descendente pósoperatório pós operatório intercorrências 6-

Abstract Coarctation of the aorta is a rare congenital abnormality, with an incidence of 6-8% of all congenital heart problems. It is usually diagnosed in childhood during routine clinical examination and adults mostly present with hypertension. Various investigations like transthoracic echocardiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance angiography can help with diagnosis. Prognosis depends on age at presentation and the severity of coarctation. Treatment options available are open and endovascular repair. Extra-anatomical bypass is the preferred option in cases with unfavorable anatomy. Long term follow up is required post repair due to risk of restenosis and aneurysm formation. Here is a case in which a young female presented with hypertension, was diagnosed with coarctation of the aorta, and was treated a left subclavian artery to descending thoracic aorta bypass. Her postoperative course was uneventful and she had improvement in hypertension. abnormality 68% 68 6 8% 8 6-8 problems hypertension echocardiography tomography diagnosis Extraanatomical Extra anatomical anatomy formation 6-

Resumo Contexto Aneurismas e processos ateromatosos são características patológicas perceptíveis que costumam estar associadas a morbidade e mortalidade significativas. Objetivos Este estudo em cadáveres teve como objetivo avaliar os aspectos morfométricos e histológicos da formação de placa ateromatosa na aorta abdominal e em seus ramos com suas subsequentes variações morfológicas caracterizadas por enrolamentos, acotovelamentos ou tortuosidades, se presentes. Métodos O estudo foi realizado com 30 cadáveres humanos (aproximadamente 65-75 anos). Foi descrita a frequência de ocorrência de placas calcificadas na aorta abdominal e em seus ramos com as respectivas medidas morfométricas e características histológicas com auxílio da coloração por hematoxilina e eosina. Resultados Variações na aorta abdominal e na artéria ilíaca comum foram observadas em 16,6% dos espécimes. A formação de placa ateromatosa foi observada em dois espécimes (um espécime foi associado a acotovelamento), enquanto em outros três espécimes houve apenas variação na estrutura normal (acotovelamento/artéria tortuosa). A análise histológica mostrou macrófagos espumosos e calcificação densa, o que gerou uma impressão ateromatosa. Conclusões Os estudos em cadáveres sobre localização, natureza e grau de formação de placa na aorta abdominal e em seus ramos são extremamente importantes para os cenários clínicos e as opções de tratamento.

Abstract Background Aneurysms and atheromatous processes are prominent pathological features that are commonly associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Objectives This cadaveric study was conducted to evaluate the morphometric and histological aspects of atheromatous plaque formation in abdominal aortas and their branches and their associated morphological variations, if present, characterized by loops, kinking, or tortuosity. Methods The study was performed using 30 human cadavers (approx. 65-75 years). Frequency of occurrence of calcified plaques in the abdominal aorta and its branches and their morphometric measurements were noted and histological features were observed with the aid of Hematoxylin & Eosin staining. Results Variations in the abdominal aorta and the common iliac artery were observed in 16.6% of specimens. Atheromatous plaque formation was seen in 2 specimens (1 specimen was associated with kinking) while in 3 other specimens only variation in normal structure (kinking/ tortuous artery) was observed. Histological analysis showed foamy macrophages and dense calcification, giving an atheromatous appearance. Conclusions Cadaveric reports of the location, nature, and degree of plaque formation in the abdominal aorta and its branches are extremely important in clinical settings and for choosing treatment options.

Resumo A artéria facial é a principal artéria da face, e variações da sua origem e padrão de ramificação têm sido documentadas. Este artigo descreve múltiplas variações de ramificações da artéria facial. Um ramo posterior grande (pré-massetérico) teve origem na artéria facial esquerda e cursou para cima por trás do tronco principal da artéria facial. Essa artéria apresentou um curso reto e intimamente relacionado com a borda anterior do masseter. O ramo terminou suprindo o tecido conjuntivo adjacente abaixo do ducto parotídeo. Também se observou que a artéria facial tinha grande calibre, era tortuosa e terminava na artéria labial superior. Conhecer essa variação é de grande significância clínica em cirurgias da face, principalmente para cirurgiões maxilofaciais e plásticos, tendo em vista que ela forma a base anatômica para o retalho músculo-mucoso da artéria facial.

Abstract The facial artery is the main artery of the face and variations in its origin and its branching pattern have been documented. We report herein multiple facial artery branch variations in the face. A large posterior (premasseteric) branch originated from the left facial artery and coursed upwards behind the main trunk of the facial artery. This artery presented with a straight course and was closely related to the anterior border of the masseter. The branch then terminated by supplying the adjacent connective tissue below the parotid duct. It was also observed that the facial artery was very thick and tortuous and terminated as the superior labial artery. Knowledge of this variation is of great clinical significance in facial operations, especially for maxillofacial surgeons and plastic surgeons, because it forms the anatomical basis for the facial artery musculo-mucosal flap.

ABSTRACT Discharge of coke-oven wastewater to the environment may cause severe contamination to it and also threaten the flora and fauna, including human beings. Hence before dumping it is necessary to treat this dangerous effluent in order to minimize the damage to the environment. Conventional technologies have inherent drawbacks however, biological treatment is an advantageous alternative method. In the present study, bacteria were isolated from the soil collected from the sites contaminated by coke-oven effluent rich in phenol and cyanide. Nucleotides sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed the identity of the selected phenol and cyanide degrading isolates NAUN-16 and NAUN-1B as Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas stutzeri, respectively. These two isolates tolerated phenol up to 1800 mg L-1 and cyanide up to 340 mg L-1 concentrations. The isolates were immobilized on activated charcoal, saw dust and fly ash. The effluent was passed through the column packed with immobilized cells with a flow rate of 5 mL min-1. The isolates showed degradation of phenol up to 80.5% and cyanide up to 80.6% and also had the ability to reduce biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and lower the pH of effluent from alkaline to near neutral. The study suggests the utilization of such potential bacterial strains in treating industrial effluent containing phenol and cyanide, before being thrown in any ecosystem.

Resumo Variações nas veias testiculares têm relevância em casos clínicos de varicocele e em outros procedimentos terapêuticos e diagnósticos. Relatamos aqui uma variação peculiar de veia testicular esquerda observada em um cadáver adulto do sexo masculino. A veia testicular esquerda bifurcava para dar origem aos ramos esquerdo e direito, os quais terminavam juntando-se à veia renal esquerda. Foi observada também comunicação oblíqua entre os dois ramos da veia testicular esquerda. Uma fina veia comunicante originava-se do ramo esquerdo da veia testicular esquerda e ascendia até a frente da veia renal esquerda, terminando na veia suprarrenal esquerda. O ramo direito da veia testicular recebia um tecido adiposo tributário não especificado da lateral da aorta abdominal. Conhecimento dessas anomalias venosas pode ajudar os cirurgiões a ligar corretamente comunicações venosas anormais e evitar danos iatrogênicos e é importante para um manejo cirúrgico apropriado.

Abstract Variations of the testicular veins are relevant in clinical cases of varicocele and in other therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. We report herein on a unique variation of the left testicular vein observed in an adult male cadaver. The left testicular vein bifurcated to give rise to left and right branches which terminated by joining the left renal vein. There was also an oblique communication between the two branches of the left testicular vein. A slender communicating vein arose from the left branch of the left testicular vein and ascended upwards in front of the left renal vein and terminated into the left suprarenal vein. The right branch of the testicular vein received an unnamed adipose tributary from the side of the abdominal aorta. Awareness of these venous anomalies can help surgeons accurately ligate abnormal venous communications and avoid iatrogenic injuries and it is important for proper surgical management.

Abstract In this paper we characterize some recurrent properties of three dimensional 𝒦-contact manifolds. Here we study Ricci η-recurrent, semi-generalized recurrent and locally generalized concircularly ϕ-recurrent conditions on three dimensional 𝒦-contact manifolds.

Resumen En este paper caracterizamos algunas propiedades recurrentes de variedades $K$-contacto tridimensionales. Estudiamos las condiciones de Ricci η-recurrencia, recurrencia semi-generalizada y ϕ-recurrencia concircular localmente generalizada en variedades $K$-contacto tridimensionales.

Resumo Contexto A hipertensão arterial sistêmica se manifesta como elevação constante da pressão sanguínea e é considerada um importante fator de risco cardiovascular. A avaliação sistêmica de doenças cardiovasculares em pacientes com hipertensão arterial sistêmica é crucial para a prevenção. Objetivos O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar e inter-relacionar sexo e idade com hipertensão arterial sistêmica e doença cardiovascular. Métodos Prontuários médicos de pacientes com hipertensão arterial sistêmica e doença cardiovascular foram avaliados. Dados dos prontuários médicos foram lançados em um protocolo pré-definido, e os dados foram analisados e correlacionados com a idade e o sexo dos pacientes. Resultados Um total de 170 prontuários de pacientes que visitaram o departamento de cardiologia foram revisados. Destes, 50 pacientes apresentavam hipertensão arterial sistêmica, e destes, 19 tinham doença cardiovascular. Ao correlacionar hipertensão arterial sistêmica com idade, observamos que pacientes do grupo etário de 51-60 anos estavam mais suscetíveis a apresentar hipertensão arterial sistêmica (36%). A maioria dos pacientes com hipertensão arterial sistêmica e doença cardiovascular era do sexo feminino e estava no grupo etário de 61-70 anos; já entre os pacientes do sexo masculino, a maior taxa de ocorrência foi no grupo etário de 51-60 anos. O coeficiente de correlação (r) foi 0,62, indicando uma relação moderada, positiva, linear entre hipertensão arterial sistêmica e doença cardiovascular. Conclusões A maioria dos pacientes com hipertensão arterial sistêmica pode desenvolver doença cardiovascular; conforme a idade aumenta, também cresce a tendência a desenvolver hipertensão.

Abstract Background Systemic arterial hypertension manifests as constant elevation of blood pressure and is considered to be an important cardiovascular risk factor. Systemic evaluation of cardiovascular diseases in patients with systemic arterial hypertension is imperative for prevention. Objectives The objective of the present study was to investigate and inter-relate sex and age with systemic arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Methods Medical records of patients with systemic arterial hypertension and cardiovascular disease were evaluated. Data from the medical records were recorded in a prescribed protocol and the data were analyzed and correlated to the patients’ age and sex. Results A total of 170 medical records for patients who visited the cardiology department were reviewed. Of these, 50 patients had systemic arterial hypertension and 19 of this subset had cardiovascular diseases. When we correlated systemic arterial hypertension with age, we observed that patients in the 51-60 years age group were more prone to systemic arterial hypertension (36%). Most of the patients with both systemic arterial hypertension and cardiovascular disease were female and in the 61-70 years age group, while among males the highest rate of occurrence was seen in the 51-60 years age group. The correlation coefficient (r) was 0.62, indicating a moderate, positive, linear relationship between systemic arterial hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Conclusions A majority of patients with systemic arterial hypertension may develop cardiovascular disease and, as age increases, the tendency to develop hypertension also increases.

Resumo As variações anatômicas do tronco celíaco e seus ramos são particularmente importantes do ponto de vista cirúrgico devido a sua relação com as estruturas adjacentes. Nós descrevemos aqui uma variante particularmente rara envolvendo ausência do tronco celíaco associada a trifurcação da artéria hepática comum. Essas variações foram observadas no cadáver de um adulto do sexo masculino. Neste artigo revisamos a literatura e discutimos a significância clínica e embriológica dessas variações. O reconhecimento das variações do tronco celíaco e da artéria hepática é extremamente importante para cirurgiões e radiologistas uma vez que variações múltiplas podem levar a complicações inesperadas.

Abstract Anatomical variations of the celiac trunk and its branches are particularly important from a surgical perspective due to their relationships with surrounding structures. We report here a particularly rare variant involving absence of the celiac trunk in association with trifurcation of the common hepatic artery. These variations were found in an adult male cadaver. We perform a review of the literature and discuss the clinical and embryological significance of these variations. Recognition of celiac trunk and hepatic artery variations is of utmost importance to surgeons and radiologists because multiple variations can lead to undue complications.

Welding input parameters play a very significant role in determining the quality of a weld joint. The quality of the joint can be defined in terms of mechanical properties, distortion and weld-bead geometry. Generally, all welding processes are employed with the aim of obtaining a welded joint with the desired characteristics. The purpose of this study is to propose a method to decide near optimal settings for the welding process parameters in friction welding of (AISI 904L) super austenitic stainless steel by using non conventional techniques and genetic algorithm (GA). Grey relational analysis and the desirability approach were applied to optimize the input parameters by considering multiple output variables simultaneously. An optimization method based on genetic algorithm was then applied to resolve the mathematical model and to select the optimum welding parameters. The main objective of this work is to determine the friction welding process parameters to maximize the fatigue life and minimize the width of the partial deformation zone (left & right) and welding time. This study describes how to obtain near optimal welding conditions over a wide search space by conducting relatively a smaller number of experiments. The optimized values obtained through these evolutionary computational techniques were also compared with experimental results. ANOVA analysis was carried out to identify the significant factors affecting fatigue strength, welding time and partially deformed zone and to validate the optimized parameters.