RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de percepción de riesgo de contagio de la COVID-19 frente al retorno a las clases presenciales y analizar esta percepción con variables sociodemográficas y de salud asociadas a esta enfermedad. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal y prospectivo. Se adaptó el cuestionario para evaluar la percepción de riesgo de contagio de la COVID-19 (PCR-CV19) en 532 universitarios. Además, se realizó un análisis de asociación de las cuatro dimensiones del PCR-CV19 (vulnerabilidad cognitiva, vulnerabilidad emocional, conductas de riesgo-protección y gravedad) y el índice de percepción con variables sociodemográficas y de salud. Se utilizaron técnicas estadísticas: análisis de varianza (ANOVA) de una vía (OneWay ANOVA), previa verificación de la prueba de normalidad Shapiro-Wilk y la prueba de Levene para la homogeneidad y la prueba post-hoc de Tukey o Ganes-Howell. Estos análisis se realizaron en el programa estadístico JAMOVI, versión 1.2.2. Resultados: Se evidenció un nivel moderado de percepción de riesgo de contagio, en donde las dimensiones de las conductas de riesgo-protección y gravedad se identificaron como las más relevantes; asimismo, se encontró asociación entre las dimensiones del PCR-CV19 y el índice de percepción con las variables edad, género, consumo de alcohol e indicadores de salud física y mental (ansiedad y depresión) y las experiencias vividas con la enfermedad de la COVID-19. Los aspectos de vulnerabilidad cognitiva y emocional fueron las dimensiones más sensibles en la evaluación de la percepción. Conclusiones: Seguimos enfrentando condiciones de riesgo que surgen de manera constante, lo que hace necesario mantener un esquema de vigilancia de la percepción de riesgo que experimenta la población. En los universitarios, los aspectos de vulnerabilidad cognitiva y emocional fueron las dimensiones más sensibles en la evaluación de la percepción del riesgo y las experiencias vividas con la COVID-19 (enfermedad o muerte). El hecho de que los universitarios no se sientan vulnerables y/o no perciban la gravedad asociada al contagio puede afectar sus conductas de autocuidado. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones claves para la salud pública, por lo que se requiere un abordaje intersectorial, con el objetivo de contar con información relevante para enfrentar futuras pandemias.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the level of COVID-19 risk perception (PCR-CV19) by returning to in-person classes and to analyze this perception with sociodemographic and health variables associated with such disease. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional and prospective study. The questionnaire was adapted to assess the PCR-CV19 among 532 university students. Moreover, an association analysis of the four dimensions of the PCR-CV19 (cognitive vulnerability, emotional vulnerability, risky-protective behaviors and severity) and the perception index was performed with sociodemographic and health variables. The following statistical methods were used: one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, Levene’s test for homogeneity of variances and Tukey’s honest significant difference or Games-Howell post hoc tests. These analyses were performed using the Jamovi statistical software, version 1.2.2. Results: A moderate level of PCR-CV19 was found, where the most relevant dimensions were risky-protective behaviors and severity. In addition, there was an association between the dimensions of the PCR-CV19 and the perception index with the variables age, gender, alcohol consumption, physical and mental health indicators (anxiety and depression) and experiences with COVID-19. Cognitive vulnerability and emotional vulnerability were the most sensitive dimensions in the evaluation of the PCR-CV19. Conclusions: We continue to face constant risk conditions, thus making it necessary to maintain a surveillance scheme of the PCR-CV19 experienced by the population. In university students, cognitive vulnerability and emotional vulnerability were the most sensitive dimensions in the evaluation of PCR-CV19 and experiences with COVID-19 (illness or death). The fact that university students do not feel vulnerable and/or do not perceive the severity associated with COVID-19 transmission may affect their self-care behaviors. These results have key implications for public health; therefore, an intersectoral approach is required to have relevant information in order to face future pandemics.

Resumo A crescente influência sobre o mundo transformou a compreensão da China em ordem do dia. Este artigo pretende enfrentar essa investigação no sentido da superação do entendimento comum que enquadra a experiência chinesa em categorias analíticas fixas, buscando configurar uma nova determinação racional em que “o conceito se manifesta no movimento real”. Por se tratar de uma vivência que se desenrola no contexto da luta anti-imperialista, admitimos que o socialismo chinês se desenvolve baseado no marxismo como ciência do poder político em oposição aos postulados do chamado “marxismo ocidental”. Propugnamos que, sem uma nova gramática cognitiva que permita pensar e conhecer o fluxo da totalidade de contrários do ser histórico, a ciência social pouco avançará na produção de teorias, conceitos e categorias que correspondam a uma visão de profundidade deste fenômeno único na história. Concluímos nosso exame da experiência chinesa a partir de duas categorias fundamentais: socialismo e projetamento. dia fixas real. real . real” antiimperialista, antiimperialista anti imperialista, imperialista anti-imperialista ocidental. ocidental ocidental” histórico teorias história fundamentais projetamento

Abstract With the country’s growing influence over the world has made understanding China the order of the day. This article intends to confront this investigation in order to overcome the common understanding that frames the Chinese experience in fixed analytical categories, seeking to configure a new rational determination in which “the concept manifests itself in real movement”. Because it is an experience that unfolds in the context of the anti-imperialist struggle, we admit that Chinese socialism develops based on Marxism as a science of political power in opposition to the postulates of the so-called “Western Marxism”. We argue that, without a new cognitive grammar that allows thinking and knowing the flow of the totality of opposites of historical being, social science will make little progress in the production of theories, concepts and categories that correspond to an in-depth vision of this unique phenomenon in history. We conclude our examination of the Chinese experience from two fundamental categories: socialism and design. JEL: O1, O2, P2. countrys country s day movement. movement . movement” antiimperialist anti imperialist struggle socalled so called Western Marxism. Marxism” being theories indepth depth history design JEL O1 O O2 P2 P

BACKGROUND: The psychology of vaccination behaviour explains how thoughts and feelings influence people's willingness to receive vaccines. Understanding vaccination behaviour is crucial to successfully managing vaccination campaigns AIM: Investigating factors associated with immunisation stress among students at Mohammed First University SETTING: This study was conducted on students at Mohammed First University institutions METHODS: This study is a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study. It was conducted on 305 students at Mohammed First University institutions using a 90-item questionnaire RESULTS: Three hundred and five participants have been included in this survey. Overall, 65.5% of the students in our sample had a positive perception towards COVID-19 vaccines. Nevertheless, 34.5% had a negative opinion regarding immunisation. According to the analysis of perceived stress scale, 40% (n = 122) of students expressed moderate to high stress regarding vaccination. Students with a negative perception of vaccine showed a higher level of stress than those with a positive one. Stressed students tended to be older than others, coming from other institutions, other than the medical faculty, and were renting alone. Vaccine accessibility was the less significant reason associated with stress regarding vaccination. Moreover, participants with high levels of confidence in social media, exhibited higher stress. Nevertheless, those who believed in scientific journals were significantly less stressed CONCLUSION: These results reflect a positive perception and acceptance of vaccines, with a considerable level of stress regarding vaccination CONTRIBUTION: This study suggests emphasising the mental health of Moroccan young adults, to better sensitise and inform them about immunisation

Summary: The hydrological region 21 coast of Oaxaca has an active tourist dynamic, it generates significant economic income, and it is considered the fourth most important socioeconomic region in the state of Oaxaca. Similarly, hydrological region 23 coast of Chiapas, has an economy governed by tertiary sector activities and is comprised of the Istmo-Costa and Soconusco socioeconomic regions, the latter is the main region that contributes to the gross domestic product of the state of Chiapas. It should be noted that this socioeconomic growth has required a greater demand for water resources, which has led to water pollution. The deterioration of the area’s water resources is caused by the discharge of wastewater, solid waste and agrochemicals into natural waterways. In order to assess the state of the water resources of hydrological regions 21 and 23, 31 sampling sites were established in the spring of 2021 distributed in the main streams. Each sample was analyzed for chemical properties: pH, electrical conductivity (EC), major anions and cations (CO3 2-, HCO3-, Cl-, SO4 2-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+), total dissolved solids (TDS), percentage of sodium (%Na), adsorption ratio of sodium (RAS), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index (PI), as well as a hydrochemical evaluation. The waters of the hydrological regions 21 and 23 present as dominant facies the calcium-magnesium bicarbonate, whose possible origin is a consequence of the dilution process of the geological material (water-rock interaction) with low and medium concentrations. With respect to salinity, 45.16% are low salinity waters and 93.55% of the sites have low sodium, therefore, they are considered recommended for irrigation with moderate restrictions.

Resumen: La región hidrológica 21 costa de Oaxaca, presenta una activa dinámica turística, en ella se genera un ingreso económico importante y es considerada la cuarta región socioeconómica más importante del estado de Oaxaca. De igual manera, la Región Hidrológica 23 costa de Chiapas, tiene una economía regida por las actividades del sector terciario, está comprendida por las regiones socioeconómicas Istmo-Costa y Soconusco, ésta última es la principal región que aporta al producto interno bruto del estado de Chiapas. Cabe señalar, que dicho crecimiento socioeconómico ha exigido una mayor demanda del recurso agua, que ha ocasionado la contaminación del mismo. El deterioro de los recursos hídricos de la zona tiene su origen en la descarga de aguas residuales, de desechos sólidos y de agroquímicos a los cauces naturales. Con la finalidad de valorar el estado de los recursos hídricos de las regiones hidrológicas 21 y 23, se establecieron 31 sitios de muestreo en la primavera de 2021 distribuidos en las corrientes principales. En cada muestra se analizaron las propiedades químicas: pH, conductividad eléctrica (CE), aniones y cationes principales (CO3 2-, HCO3-, Cl-, SO4 2-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ y K+), sólidos totales disueltos (STD), porcentaje de sodio (%Na), relación de adsorción de sodio (RAS), carbonato de sodio residual (CSR) e índice de permeabilidad (IP), así como una evaluación hidroquímica. Las aguas de las regiones hidrológicas 21 y 23 presentan como facie dominante la bicarbonatada cálcico-magnésica, cuyo posible origen es consecuencia del proceso de dilución del material geológico (interacción agua-roca) con concentraciones bajas y medias. Con respecto a la salinidad el 45.16% son aguas de salinidad baja y el 93.55% de los sitios tiene baja sodicidad, por lo tanto, se consideran recomendables para el riego con restricciones moderadas.

Abstract Continuous assessment of slope stability is important to the open pit design and operation. This article aims to present a tool for evaluating the stability conditions of rock slopes in mining, based on a global geotechnical database, using machine learning techniques. Different models are evaluated in this research: the general model, which uses all variables; the mathematical model, which uses only variables selected by the random forest (out-of-bag); and two expert-based models: the Q-Slope model and the Santos model. The validation of the model was done through the test sample, using partition confusion matrices aiming at reproducibility of the results. A study of the types of errors was carried out using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The study of errors allowed the identification of samples that were inconsistent with the others. Afterwards, the models were redone and compared with the previous ones. The best performers are presented and discussed. The proposed methodology does not replace the classic analysis of slope stability. On the contrary, it contributes to engineers and geologists with a tool for monitoring the stability conditions of slopes in a mining operation. Slope stability analysis must be carried out throughout the mine's lifetime and, therefore, it is believed that the tool proposed here can optimize the selection of slopes most susceptible to instability. operation database techniques research outofbag bag (out-of-bag) expertbased expert QSlope Q sample results PCA. PCA . (PCA) others Afterwards ones discussed contrary mines mine s therefore instability (out-of-bag (PCA

Resumen Este artículo estudia el funcionamiento discursivo de las mesas redondas sobre fútbol en los programas deportivos televisivos. Se parte de la hipótesis de que, en estos debates, la legitimidad de los argumentos depende, en gran medida, de la escenificación de la imagen de los enunciadores (mediador y comentarista) a través de su forma de enunciación. Hay programas en los que los comentaristas niegan el “clubismo” en nombre de la “neutralidad” periodística a programas en los que los comentaristas se presentan al público como “representantes” de los equipos. Por tratarse de una investigación basada en el Análisis del Discurso, no pretende prescribir las direcciones “apropiadas” para el debate futbolístico, sino verificar cómo se validan ciertos significados en estos discursos. Apoyándonos en la teorización de Charaudeau en relación con el acto del lenguaje como representación y recurriendo a los estudios de Maingueneau y Amossy acerca de la noción de ethos, analizamos los programas “Jogo Aberto” (Rede Bandeirantes) y “Linha de Passe” (ESPN Brasil). televisivos debates depende medida mediador comentarista enunciación clubismo “clubismo neutralidad “neutralidad representantes “representantes equipos Discurso apropiadas “apropiadas futbolístico discursos ethos Jogo Aberto Rede Bandeirantes Linha Passe ESPN Brasil. Brasil . Brasil)

Resumo Este artigo estuda o funcionamento discursivo de mesas-redondas sobre futebol em programas esportivos televisivos. O estudo parte da hipótese de que a legitimidade dos argumentos nesses debates depende, em grande parte, da encenação da imagem dos enunciadores (mediador e comentaristas) por meio da maneira como estes enunciam. Há desde os programas nos quais os comentaristas negam o “clubismo” em nome da “neutralidade” jornalística até programas em que comentaristas se apresentam ao público como “representantes” dos times. Tratando-se de uma pesquisa fundamentada na Análise do Discurso, o trabalho não objetiva prescrever os rumos “adequados” do debate futebolístico, mas verifica como determinados sentidos são validados nesses discursos. Recorrendo-se à teorização de Charaudeau relacionada ao ato de linguagem como encenação e buscando apoio em estudos de Maingueneau e Amossy quanto à noção de ethos, analisam-se os programas Jogo Aberto (Rede Bandeirantes) e Linha de Passe (ESPN Brasil). mesasredondas mesas redondas televisivos depende mediador enunciam clubismo “clubismo neutralidade “neutralidade representantes “representantes times Tratandose Tratando Discurso adequados “adequados futebolístico discursos Recorrendose Recorrendo ethos analisamse analisam Rede Bandeirantes ESPN Brasil. Brasil . Brasil)

Abstract We examine the discursive functioning of roundtable discussions about soccer within televised sports programs. The study begins with the hypothesis that the legitimacy of arguments in these debates depends, to a significant extent, on the staging of the enunciators’ image (mediator and commentators) through the way they enunciate. There are programs in which commentators disavow ‘clubism’ in favor of journalistic ‘neutrality,’ as well as programs in which commentators present themselves to the public as ‘representatives’ of the teams. As this research is grounded in Discourse Analysis, our aim is not to prescribe the ‘appropriate’ directions for soccer debates, but rather to verify how specific meanings are validated in these discourses. Drawing on Charaudeau’s theoretical framework related to language as staging and seeking support from Maingueneau’s and Amossy’s studies concerning the concept of ethos, we analyze the programs ‘Jogo Aberto’ (Rede Bandeirantes) and ‘Linha de Passe’ (ESPN Brasil). depends extent enunciators mediator enunciate ‘clubism clubism ‘neutrality, neutrality ‘representatives representatives teams Analysis ‘appropriate appropriate discourses Charaudeaus Charaudeau s Maingueneaus Maingueneau Amossys Amossy ethos Jogo Aberto Rede Bandeirantes Linha Passe ESPN Brasil. Brasil . Brasil) ‘neutrality

SUMMARY: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common complication of diabetes. Several studies have been done in a trial to protect against this problem at the ultrastructure level. This study investigates the protective effect of oral administration of Acacia senegal (AS) against the development of DN. Sixty male albino rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, Acacia senegal control, Diabetic untreated, diabetic insulin-treated, Diabetic AS treated, and Diabetic insulin and AS combined treated groups. Plasma glucose, HbA1c, serum Albumin, creatinine, urine creatinine was measured using specific kits. Determinations of creatinine clearance and blood pressure were done. The renal tissues of both kidneys were prepared to investigate under both light (LM) and electron microscope (EM). Ultrastructure examination of renal rats tissue of diabetic untreated rats showed the destruction of the glomerular basement membrane and endothelial cells together with hemorrhage in glomerular capsules (Bowman's capsules). On the other side, both LM and EM revealed improving the endothelial cells and the other glomerular capsules structures, especially with the combined treated group, which confirmed the improvement of the biochemical investigation in the study. In conclusion, from the present study, using the oral AS together with SC insulin could be protected against the development of DN.

RESUMEN: La nefropatía diabética (ND) es la complicación más común de la diabetes. Se han realizado varios estudios de ensayo para abordar esta dificultad a nivel de ultraestructura. Este estudio investiga el efecto protector de la administración oral de Acacia senegal (AS) contra el desarrollo de la ND. Se dividieron sesenta ratas albinas machos aleatoriamente en seis grupos: control, control de Acacia senegal, diabéticos no tratados, diabéticos tratados con insulina, diabéticos tratados con AS y grupos tratados con compuesto de insulina diabética + AS. Se midieron utilizando kits específicos, glucosa plasmática, HbA1c, albúmina sérica, creatinina en sangre y en orina. Se registraron la creatinina y la presión arterial. Los tejidos renales de ambos riñones se prepararon para investigar tanto con microscopio óptico (MO) como electrónico (ME). El examen de la ultraestructura del tejido renal de ratas diabéticas no tratadas mostró la destrucción de la membrana basal glomerular y las células endoteliales junto con hemorragia en las cápsulas glomerulares (cápsulas de Bowman). Por otro lado, tanto MO como ME revelaron una mejora de las células endoteliales y las estructuras capsulares glomerulares, en el grupo tratado con el compuesto, lo que confirmó la mejora de la investigación bioquímica. En conclusión, el uso de AS oral en combinación con insulina podría proteger contra el desarrollo de ND.

Abstract In this article, we firstly consider a new theory of spherical electromagnetic radiation density with an antiferromagnetic spin of timelike spherical t-magnetic flows by the spherical Sitter frame in de Sitter space. Thus, we construct the new relationship between the new type electric and magnetic phases and spherical timelike magnetic flows de Sitter space S 1 2 Also, we give the applied geometric characterization for spherical electromagnetic radiation density. This concept also boosts to discover of some physical and geometrical characterizations belonging to the particle. Moreover, the solution of the fractional-order systems is considered for the submitted mathematical designs. Graphical demonstrations for fractional solutions are presented to an expression of the approach. The collected results illustrate that mechanism is a relevant and decisive approach to recover numerical solutions of our new fractional equations. Components of performed equations are demonstrated by using approximately explicit values of physical assertions on received solutions. Finally, we construct that electromagnetic fluid propagation along fractional optical fiber indicates a fascinating family of fractional evolution equations with diverse physical and applied geometric modeling in de Sitter space S 1 2.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fat sources and emulsifier supplementation in different phases on growth performance of broilers. Treatments were; (T1) basal ration (BR) which contained soy oil (SO) and had inclusion of emulsifier for whole life, (T2) BR which contained poultry fat (PO) and had inclusion of emulsifier for whole life, (T3) BR which contained oxidized oil (OO) and had inclusion of emulsifier for whole life, (T4) BR which contained SO and had inclusion of emulsifier during starter phase (T5) BR which contained PO and had inclusion of emulsifier during the starter phase, (T6) BR which contained OO and had inclusion of emulsifier during the starter phase, (T7) BR which contained SO and had inclusion of emulsifier during the starter phase (T8) BR which contained PO and had inclusion of emulsifier during the grower phase, (T9) BR which contained OO and had inclusion of emulsifier during the grower phase, (T10) BR which contained SO and had inclusion of emulsifier during the finisher phase, (T11) BR which contained PO and had inclusion of emulsifier during the finisher phase (T12) BR which contained OO and had inclusion of emulsifier during the finisher phase. The Basal ration which contained SO and supplemented emulsifier during the grower phase and throughout life increased the body weight gain. The supplementation of emulsifier in the finisher phase and throughout life in a diet which contained SO had better feed conversion ratio. The supplementation of emulsifier in the finisher phase and throughout life in SO based diet increased the dry matter and crude fat digestibility. We recommend emulsifier supplementation in the finisher phase for the economic point of view.

ABSTRACT Objective: In the present study, five new source compounds isolated from aerial parts of Gymnosporia royleana (G royleana) were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities. Methods: Extraction from plant material was carried out using cold maceration technique. Isolation of pure compounds was accomplished through repeated column chromatography of different fractions obtained from crude extract and using silica gel as stationary phase. Their structures were established via advanced spectroscopic techniques along with the spectral data previously reported for these compounds. Dilution method was used for the evaluation of antimicrobial potential of the compounds against various microbial strains. Results: Among the tested compounds, Gymnosporin B displayed moderate antimicrobial activity against Escherichia Coli (E coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S aureus), Candida albicans (C albicans) and Aspergillus flavus (A flavus) [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range; 32–64 μg/mL]. Similarly, Gymnosporin C also showed moderate activity against E coli and S aureus (MIC; 32 μg/mL each) as well as weak activity against C albicans and A flavus (MIC; 64 μg/mL each). However, Royaflavone showed moderate antibacterial activity against S aureus only (MIC; 32 μg/mL). Antimicrobial activity of the rest of the compounds was weak and negligible. Conclusion: The present study has provided fascinating results of antimicrobial activities of the isolated compounds. However, the broad antimicrobial spectrum of Gymnosporin B and Gymnosporin C demands for further exploration of these triterpenes, both on the basis of mechanism and quantitative structure-activity relationship.

RESUMEN Objetivo: En el presente estudio, cinco nuevos compuestos de origen aislados de partes aéreas de Gymnosporia royleana (G royleana) fueron tamizados en sus actividades antibacterianas y antifúngicas. Métodos: La extracción de material vegetal se realizó mediante la técnica de maceración en frío. El aislamiento de compuestos puros se logró a través de la cromatografía en columna repetida de diversas fracciones obtenidas del extracto crudo y usando gel de silicona como fase estacionaria. Sus estructuras fueron establecidas mediante técnicas espectroscópicas avanzadas junto con los datos espectrales previamente reportados para estos compuestos. El método de dilución fue usado para evaluar el potencial antimicrobiano de los compuestos contra diversas cepas microbianas. Resultados: Entre los compuestos sometidos a prueba, Gymnosporina B mostró una actividad antimicrobiana moderada contra Escherichia Coli (E coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S aureus), Candida Albicans (C albicans) y Aspergillus flavus (A flavus) [rango de concentración inhibitoria mínima (CIM); 32 – 64 μg/mL]. De manera similar, Gymnosporina C también mostró actividad moderada contra E coli y S aureus (CIM; 32 μg/mL cada uno) así como débil actividad frente a C albicans y A flavus (CIM; 64 μg/mL cada uno). Sin embargo, Royaflavone mostró actividad antibacteriana moderada sólo frente a S aureus (CIM; 32 μg/mL). La actividad antimicrobiana del resto de los compuestos fue débil e insignificante. Conclusión: El presente estudio ha proporcionado resultados interesantes acerca de las actividades antimicrobianas de los compuestos aislados. Sin embargo, el amplio espectro antimicrobiano de la Gymnosporina B y la Gymnosporina C exige una mayor exploración de estos triterpenos, tanto sobre la base del mecanismo como a partir de la relación cuantitativa estructura-actividad.

ABSTRACT This study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary L-Threonine supplementation on broiler performance, carcass characteristics, duodenal histo-morphology and litter analysis. It was hypothesised that the overall broiler performance would be improved in threonine adequate diets with reduced environmental impact when using L-threonine supplementation. A total of 144-sexed Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated into 3 dietary treatments. Each treatment was replicated 6 times with 8 birds per replicate (4 male and 4 female). Treatment group 1 served as threonine deficient group, fed with a diet with all limiting amino acids met except threonine as no synthetic form was supplied. Treatment group 2 served as threonine adequate high crude protein, where L-Threonine adequacy was achieved with higher level of crude protein. Treatment group 3 served as L-Threonine adequate but achieved it through L-Threonine supplementation. Treatment effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal morphology and litter quality were determined. Results compared to group 1 showed that group 3 at the end of the experimental period (28 days) had improved final body weight P < 0.05, live and carcass weights P < 0.01, dressing yields P < 0.05, relative wing weights P < 0.01 and relative heart weights P < 0.05. However, group 2 showed numeric improvement in all aforementioned parameters but not enough to show significance. Litter moisture and nitrogen content was affected by dietary L-Threonine fortification P < 0.05. The lowest moisture and nitrogen content were noticed in group 3. Meanwhile, group 2 showed the highest nitrogen and group 1 showed the highest moisture content among all groups. Intestinal villi length and villus: crypt ratio was affected by dietary treatments P < 0.001 and P < 0.05 respectively. Group 3 showed the highest villus length and villus: crypt ratio followed by group 2 and group 1. In conclusion correcting L-Threonine deficient diet by adding L-Threonine significantly improved live weight gain and carcass characteristics, while numerically improved feed conversion ratio and breast weight. Correcting the deficit by supplying crude protein had no significant effect. Additionally, dietary L-Threonine supplementation reduced environmental burden by reducing both litter nitrogen and moisture content.

Astilbin (5,7,3’,4’-tetrahydroxy-2,3-dihydroflavonol-3-ß-o-rhamnoside), a flavonoid with a large range of biological activities, was isolated from Dimorphandra mollis, a shrub common to the Brazilian Cerrado. The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of astilbin on myeloperoxidase (MPO) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and its antioxidant activity against hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and total antioxidant activity (TAC) by the 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS•+). Astilbin inhibited MPO and HRP activities in a concentration-dependent relationship and effectively scavenged HOCl. The TAC by ABTS•+ of astilbin (IC50 ~ 20 mM) was higher than that of uric acid, which was used as a positive control. These data demonstrate that astilbin is a potent antioxidant and that it inhibits MPO and HRP activities efficiently.