Abstract Introduction Lupus nephritis (LN) affects up to 50% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and may lead to kidney failure and require kidney transplantation (KT). Results compared to KT from other causes are controversial, and we aimed to assess the clinical course, complications, and survival of LN patients undergoing KT. Methodology Retrospective cohort of 99 KT due to LN from 1977 to 2023 at a single center, divided into two groups according to the immunosuppression period: G1 (before 2009) and G2 (from 2009 onwards). Clinical and demographic characteristics, as well as clinical evolution, were compared. Results Patients were predominantly white (65.9%), female (86.9%), in their first KT (83.8%). The median age was 20.0 (11.5–25.0) years at SLE diagnosis, and 30.0 (23.0–40.0) years at KT. Renal graft biopsy was indicated in 46% of patients, with rejection observed in 23%, and LN recurrence in 5%. When assessing the two distinct periods of standard immunosuppression, there was no difference in median glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria at 1 and 5 years, nor in 5-year survival. Throughout follow-up, 37.4% of patients lost their graft, and 13% died with a functioning graft. No graft loss was attributed to LN recurrence. Conclusion KT is a successful treatment for LN, with graft survival rates similar to those of transplants from other causes. LN recurrence was not associated with renal graft loss. (LN 50 (SLE . (KT) controversial course complications 9 197 202 center period G before 200 onwards. onwards onwards) characteristics evolution 65.9%, 659 65.9% , 65 (65.9%) 86.9%, 869 86.9% 86 (86.9%) 83.8%. 838 83.8% 83 8 (83.8%) 20 0 20. 11.5–25.0 115250 11 25 (11.5–25.0 diagnosis 300 30 30. 23.0–40.0 230400 23 40 (23.0–40.0 46 23% 5% 5year year followup, followup follow up, follow-up 374 37 4 37.4 13 (KT 19 65.9 6 (65.9% 86.9 (86.9% 83.8 (83.8% 2 11.5–25. 11525 (11.5–25. 3 23.0–40. 23040 (23.0–40. 37. 65. (65.9 86. (86.9 83. (83.8 11.5–25 1152 (11.5–25 23.0–40 2304 (23.0–40 (65. (86. (83. 11.5–2 115 (11.5–2 23.0–4 230 (23.0–4 (65 (86 (83 11.5– (11.5– 23.0– (23.0– (6 (8 11.5 (11.5 23.0 (23.0 ( 11. (11. 23. (23. (11 (23 (1 (2

Resumo Introdução A nefrite lúpica (NL) afeta até 50% dos pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) e pode levar à falência renal e necessidade de transplante renal (TR). Os resultados em comparação à TR por outras causas são controversos, e visamos avaliar evolução clínica, complicações e sobrevida de pacientes com NL submetidos a TR. Metodologia Coorte retrospectiva de 99 TR por NL de 1977 a 2023 em um único centro, divididos em dois grupos conforme o período de imunossupressão: G1 (antes de 2009) e G2 (a partir de 2009). As características clínicas, demográficas e evolução clínica foram comparadas. Resultados Pacientes eram na maioria brancos (65,9%), sexo feminino (86,9%), no primeiro TR (83,8%). A idade mediana foi 20,0 (11,5–25,0) anos no diagnóstico de LES e 30,0 (23,0–40,0) anos no TR. Biópsia do enxerto renal foi indicada para 46% dos pacientes, com rejeição em 23% e recorrência de NL em 5%. Avaliando os dois períodos distintos de imunossupressão padrão, não houve diferença na mediana de taxa de filtração glomerular e de proteinúria em 1 ano e em 5 anos, nem da sobrevida em 5 anos. Em todo o acompanhamento, 37,4% dos pacientes perderam o enxerto e 13% morreram com enxerto funcionante. Nenhuma perda foi atribuída à recorrência de NL. Conclusão TR é um tratamento bem-sucedido na NL, com taxas de sobrevida do enxerto semelhantes às de transplantes por outras causas. A recorrência de NL não esteve associada à perda do enxerto renal. (NL 50 (LES . (TR) controversos 9 197 202 centro G antes 2009 2009. clínicas comparadas 65,9%, 659 65,9% , 65 (65,9%) 86,9%, 869 86,9% 86 (86,9%) 83,8%. 838 83,8% 83 8 (83,8%) 200 20 0 20, 11,5–25,0 115250 11 25 (11,5–25,0 300 30 30, 23,0–40,0 230400 23 40 (23,0–40,0 46 5% padrão acompanhamento 374 37 4 37,4 13 funcionante bemsucedido bem sucedido (TR 19 65,9 6 (65,9% 86,9 (86,9% 83,8 (83,8% 2 11,5–25, 11525 (11,5–25, 3 23,0–40, 23040 (23,0–40, 37, 65, (65,9 86, (86,9 83, (83,8 11,5–25 1152 (11,5–25 23,0–40 2304 (23,0–40 (65, (86, (83, 11,5–2 115 (11,5–2 23,0–4 230 (23,0–4 (65 (86 (83 11,5– (11,5– 23,0– (23,0– (6 (8 11,5 (11,5 23,0 (23,0 ( 11, (11, 23, (23, (11 (23 (1 (2

Resumo Histórico: Transplante renal (TR) melhora qualidade de vida, incluindo recuperação da fertilidade. Objetivo: descrever desfechos gestacionais pós-TR e sobrevida de longo prazo da paciente e do enxerto renal comparada a um grupo controle pareado de receptoras de TR que não conceberam. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo caso-controle com receptoras de TR de 1977 a 2016, acompanhadas até 2019. Resultados: foram identificadas 1.253 receptoras de TR em idade fértil no período do estudo: 78 (6,2%) gestantes (casos), total de 97 gestações. Tempo mediano entre TR até concepção foi 53,0 (21,5 – 91,0) meses. Taxa de aborto foi 41% (espontâneo 21,6%, terapêutico 19,6%), parto prematuro, 32%, e a termo, 24%. Pré-eclâmpsia (PE) ocorreu em 42% das gestações que alcançaram pelo menos 20 semanas. Presença de 2 ou mais fatores de risco para desfechos gestacionais desfavoráveis foi significativamente associada a abortos [OR 3,33 (IC95% 1,43 – 7,75), p = 0,007] e perda de enxerto renal em 2 anos. O grupo controle de 78 mulheres com TR foi comparável na creatinina basal [1,2 (1,0 – 1,5) mg/dL nos dois grupos, p = 0,95] e na relação proteína/creatinina urinária (RPCU) [0,27 (0,15 – 0,44) vs. 0,24 (0,02 – 0,30), p = 0,06]. Sobrevida do enxerto foi maior nos casos que nos controles em 5 anos (85,6% vs. 71,5%, p = 0,012) e 10 anos (71,9% vs. 55,0%, p = 0,012) de acompanhamento. Conclusão: a gestação pode ser bem-sucedida após TR, mas existem altas taxas de abortos e partos prematuros. Aconselhamento pré-concepção é necessário e deve incluir aspectos éticos. Histórico (TR vida fertilidade Objetivo pósTR pós conceberam Métodos casocontrole caso 197 2016 2019 Resultados 1253 1 253 1.25 7 6,2% 62 6 (6,2% casos, , (casos) 9 530 53 0 53, 21,5 215 21 (21, 91,0 910 91 meses 41 espontâneo 216 21,6% 19,6%, 196 19,6% 19 19,6%) prematuro 32 32% termo 24 24% Préeclâmpsia Pré eclâmpsia PE (PE 42 semanas OR 333 3 33 3,3 IC95% IC95 IC (IC95 143 43 1,4 7,75, 775 7,75 75 7,75) 0,007 0007 007 1,2 12 [1, 1,0 (1, 1,5 15 mgdL mg dL grupos 0,95 095 95 proteínacreatinina proteína RPCU (RPCU 0,27 027 27 [0,2 0,15 015 (0,1 0,44 044 44 vs 024 0,2 0,02 002 02 (0,0 0,30, 030 0,30 30 0,30) 0,06. 006 0,06 . 06 0,06] 85,6% 856 85 (85,6 715 71 71,5% 0,012 0012 012 71,9% 719 (71,9 550 55 55,0% acompanhamento Conclusão bemsucedida bem sucedida prematuros préconcepção pré éticos 201 125 25 1.2 6,2 (6,2 (casos 21, (21 91, 4 21,6 19,6 3, IC9 (IC9 14 1, 77 7,7 0,00 000 00 [1 (1 0,9 09 [0, 0,1 01 (0, 0,4 04 0, 0,0 03 0,3 85,6 8 (85, 71,5 0,01 001 71,9 (71, 55,0 1. 6, (6, (2 19, (IC 7, [ ( [0 (0 85, (85 71, (71 55, (6 (8 (7

Abstract Background: Kidney transplantation (KT) improves quality of life, including fertility recovery. Objective: to describe outcomes of post-KT pregnancy and long-term patient and graft survival compared to a matched control group of female KT recipients who did not conceive. Methods: retrospective single-center case-control study with female KT recipients from 1977 to 2016, followed-up until 2019. Results: there were 1,253 female KT patients of childbearing age in the study period: 78 (6.2%) pregnant women (cases), with a total of 97 gestations. The median time from KT to conception was 53.0 (21.5 – 91.0) months. Abortion rate was 41% (spontaneous 21.6%, therapeutic 19.6%), preterm delivery, 32%, and at term delivery, 24%. Pre-eclampsia (PE) occurred in 42% of pregnancies that reached at least 20 weeks. The presence of 2 or more risk factors for poor pregnancy outcomes was significantly associated with abortions [OR 3.33 (95%CI 1.43 – 7.75), p = 0.007] and with kidney graft loss in 2 years. The matched control group of 78 female KT patients was comparable on baseline creatinine [1.2 (1.0 – 1.5) mg/dL in both groups, p = 0.95] and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) [0.27 (0.15 – 0.44) vs. 0.24 (0.02 – 0.30), p = 0.06]. Graft survival was higher in cases than in controls in 5 years (85.6% vs 71.5%, p = 0.012) and 10 years (71.9% vs 55.0%, p = 0.012) of follow-up. Conclusion: pregnancy can be successful after KT, but there are high rates of abortions and preterm deliveries. Pre-conception counseling is necessary, and should include ethical aspects. Background (KT life recovery Objective postKT post longterm long conceive Methods singlecenter single center casecontrol case 197 2016 followedup followed up 2019 Results 1253 1 253 1,25 period 7 6.2% 62 6 (6.2% cases, , (cases) 9 gestations 530 53 0 53. 21.5 215 21 (21. 91.0 910 91 months 41 spontaneous 216 21.6% 19.6%, 196 19.6% 19 19.6%) delivery 32 32% 24 24% Preeclampsia Pre eclampsia PE (PE 42 weeks OR 333 3 33 3.3 95%CI 95CI CI 95 143 43 1.4 7.75, 775 7.75 75 7.75) 0.007 0007 007 1.2 12 [1. 1.0 (1. 1.5 15 mgdL mg dL groups 0.95 095 proteintocreatinine protein UPCR (UPCR 0.27 027 27 [0.2 0.15 015 (0.1 0.44 044 44 024 0.2 0.02 002 02 (0.0 0.30, 030 0.30 30 0.30) 0.06. 006 0.06 . 06 0.06] 85.6% 856 85 (85.6 715 71 71.5% 0.012 0012 012 71.9% 719 (71.9 550 55 55.0% followup. followup follow up. follow-up Conclusion deliveries Preconception necessary aspects 201 125 25 1,2 6.2 (6.2 (cases 21. (21 91. 4 21.6 19.6 3. 14 1. 77 7.7 0.00 000 00 [1 (1 0.9 09 [0. 0.1 01 (0. 0.4 04 0. 0.0 03 0.3 85.6 8 (85. 71.5 0.01 001 71.9 (71. 55.0 1, 6. (6. (2 19. 7. [ ( [0 (0 85. (85 71. (71 55. (6 (8 (7

RESUMO Introdução: O objetivo foi analisar a lista de espera para transplante renal em nosso hospital segundo o painel de reatividade de anticorpos (PRAc) do candidato e seus desfechos. Métodos: Incluímos 1.640 pacientes em lista de espera entre 2015 e 2019. Para a análise, estimou-se a razão de risco (HR) para transplante pelo modelo de regressão de Fine e Gray conforme o painel de reatividade e HR para perda do enxerto e óbito após o transplante. Resultados: A idade média foi 45,39 ± 18,22 anos. Sexo masculino foi predominante (61,2%), mas a proporção diminuiu linearmente com o aumento do PRAc (p < 0,001). A distribuição de pacientes conforme os painéis foi: 0% (n = 390), 1% – 49% (n = 517), 50% – 84% (n = 269), e ≥85% (n = 226). O transplante foi realizado em 85,5% da amostra em tempo mediano de 8 meses (IC 95%: 6,9 – 9,1). As HRs estimadas para transplante durante o acompanhamento foram 2,84 (IC 95%: 2,51 – 3,34), 2,41 (IC 95%: 2,07 – 2,80) e 2,45 (IC 95%: 2,08 – 2,90) no intervalo de PRAc de 0%, 1%–49% e 50%–84%, respectivamente, comparadas com PRAc ≥ 85 (p < 0,001). Após o transplante, a HR para perda do enxerto foi semelhante nos diferentes grupos de PRAc, mas HR para óbito (0,46 IC 95% 0,24–0,89 p = 0,022) foi menor no grupo PRAc 0% quando ajustada para idade, sexo e presença de anticorpos doador específico (DSA). Conclusão: Pacientes com PRAc abaixo de 85% têm mais que o dobro de probabilidade de receber transplante renal com tempo de espera menor. Risco de perda do enxerto após o transplante foi semelhante nos diferentes grupos PRAc, e risco ajustado de óbito foi menor em receptores não sensibilizados. Introdução (PRAc desfechos Métodos 1640 1 640 1.64 201 2019 análise estimouse estimou se (HR Resultados 4539 45 39 45,3 1822 18 22 18,2 anos 61,2%, 612 61,2% , 61 2 (61,2%) 0,001. 0001 0,001 . 0 001 0,001) n 390, 390 390) 49 517, 517 517) 50 84 269, 269 269) ≥85 226. 226 226) 855 5 85,5 95 69 6 9 6, 9,1. 91 9,1 9,1) 284 2,8 251 51 2,5 3,34, 334 3,34 3 34 3,34) 241 41 2,4 207 07 2,0 2,80 280 80 245 208 08 2,90 290 90 149 1%–49 5084 50%–84% respectivamente 0,46 046 46 (0,4 024089 24 89 0,24–0,8 0,022 0022 022 DSA. DSA (DSA) Conclusão sensibilizados 164 64 1.6 20 453 4 45, 182 18, 61,2 (61,2% 000 0,00 00 26 ≥8 85, 9, 28 2, 25 33 3,3 2,9 29 14 1%–4 508 50%–84 0,4 04 (0, 02408 0,24–0, 0,02 002 02 (DSA 16 1. 61, (61,2 0,0 3, 1%– 50%–8 0, (0 0240 0,24–0 (61, 50%– ( 024 0,24– (61 0,24 (6 0,2

ABSTRACT Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze the waiting list for kidney transplantation in our hospital according to candidate’s panel reactive antibodies (cPRA) and its outcomes. Methods: One thousand six hundred forty patients who were on the waiting list between 2015 and 2019 were included. For the analysis, hazard ratios (HR) for transplant were estimated by Fine and Gray’s regression model according to panel reactivity and HR for graft loss and death after transplantation. Results: The mean age was 45.39 ± 18.22 years. Male gender was predominant (61.2%), but the proportion decreased linearly with the increase in cPRA (p < 0.001). The distribution of patients according to panels were: 0% (n = 390), 1% – 49% (n = 517), 50% – 84% (n = 269), and ≥ 85% (n = 226). Transplantation was achieved in 85.5% of the sample within a median time of 8 months (CI 95%: 6.9 – 9.1). The estimated HRs for transplantation during the follow-up were 2.84 (95% CI: 2.51 – 3.34), 2.41(95%CI: 2.07 – 2.80), and 2.45(95%CI: 2.08 – 2.90) in the cPRA range of 0%, 1%–49%, and 50%–84%, respectively, compared to cPRA ≥ 85 (p < 0.001). After transplantation, the HR for graft loss was similar in the different cPRA groups, but the HR for death (0.46 95% CI 0.24–0.89 p = 0.022) was lower in the 0% cPRA group when adjusted for age, gender, and presence of donor specific antibodies (DSA). Conclusion: Patients with cPRA below 85% are more than twice as likely to receive a kidney transplantation with a shorter waiting time. The risk of graft loss after transplantation was similar in the different cPRA groups, and the adjusted risk of death was lower in nonsensitized recipients. Introduction candidates candidate s (cPRA outcomes Methods 201 included analysis (HR Grays Gray Results 4539 45 39 45.3 1822 18 22 18.2 years 61.2%, 612 61.2% , 61 2 (61.2%) 0.001. 0001 0.001 . 0 001 0.001) n 390, 390 390) 1 49 517, 517 517) 50 84 269, 269 269) 226. 226 226) 855 5 85.5 95 69 6 9 6. 9.1. 91 9.1 9.1) followup follow up 284 2.8 (95 251 51 2.5 3.34, 334 3.34 3 34 3.34) 2.4195%CI 24195CI 2.41 95%CI 41 2.41(95%CI 207 07 2.0 2.80, 280 2.80 80 2.80) 2.4595%CI 24595CI 2.45 2.45(95%CI 208 08 2.90 290 90 149 1%–49% 5084 50%–84% respectively groups 0.46 046 46 (0.4 024089 24 89 0.24–0.8 0.022 0022 022 DSA. DSA (DSA) Conclusion recipients 20 453 4 45. 182 18. 61.2 (61.2% 000 0.00 00 26 85. 9. 28 2. (9 25 33 3.3 4195 241 2.4 95CI 4595 245 2.9 29 14 1%–49 508 50%–84 0.4 04 (0. 02408 0.24–0. 0.02 002 02 (DSA 61. (61.2 0.0 ( 3. 419 459 1%–4 50%–8 0. (0 0240 0.24–0 (61. 1%– 50%– 024 0.24– (61 0.24 (6 0.2

Abstract Introduction Sjögren’s disease (SD) is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease that affects epithelial tissues, mainly salivary and lacrimal glands. It also presents extraglandular manifestations. The main renal manifestation is tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN), which can manifest as renal tubular acidosis (RTA). Urinary citrate may be a biomarker of RTA in these patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether hypocitraturia is a predictive biomarker of RTA in a sample of patients with SD in a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil. Methods All patients with SD who met the inclusion criteria and who participated in the rheumatology outpatient clinic of the Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre were included. Demographic, SD, serological and urinary data were obtained. RTA was considered in those patients who persistently presented urinary pH above 5.5 and serum pH below 7.35. Patients who persistently had urinary pH above 5.5 underwent a urinary acidification test with furosemide and fludrocortisone. These patients received 1 mg of fludrocortisone and 40 mg of furosemide and had their urine samples tested 2, 4 and 6 h after taking the medications. The test was stopped at any urine sample with pH 5.5 or less. The variables were expressed as mean and standard deviation or interquartile range. The association between hypocitraturia and RTA was assessed using the chi-square. Results Forty-two patients were included, 95.2% female with a median age of 61.73 years. The prevalence of complete distal RTA was 4.88%. Twenty-eight patients underwent urine acidification testing. Five patients had hypocitraturia, and two of them had complete distal RTA. The association between hypocitraturia and RTA was statistically significant (p < 0.012), with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 91.2% and accuracy of 91.7%. The negative predictive value was 100%. The global renal assessment of the population demonstrated two patients with RTA, one patient with decreased renal function and six patients with proteinuria greater than 0.5 g/24 h. Conclusion The prevalence of RTA in the studied population was 4.88%. Hypocitraturia had high sensitivity and accuracy for the diagnosis of RTA. Sjögrens Sjögren s (SD immunemediated immune mediated tissues glands manifestations TIN, TIN , (TIN) . (RTA) Brazil included Demographic obtained 55 5 5. 735 7 35 7.35 2 medications less range chisquare. chisquare chi square. square chi-square Fortytwo Forty 952 95 95.2 6173 61 73 61.7 years 488 88 4.88% Twentyeight Twenty eight testing p 0.012, 0012 0.012 0 012 0.012) 100 100% 912 91 91.2 917 91.7% 05 0. g24 g 24 g/2 (TIN (RTA 3 7.3 9 95. 617 61. 48 8 4.88 001 0.01 01 10 91. 91.7 g2 g/ 7. 4.8 00 0.0 4.

Abstract Background: Kidney transplant recipients face complex perioperative challenges due to comorbidities from chronic kidney disease. This study aimed to assess perioperative complications in kidney transplant recipients and evaluate the association between the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and complication severity using the Clavien-Dindo (CD) classification. Methods: A prospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary hospital in South Brazil from September 2020 to March 2022, including 230 adult kidney transplant recipients. Data on demographics, comorbidities, and complications were collected. Complications were categorized using the CD scale, and their relationship with CCI was analyzed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression. Results: Mean age was 49.2 ± 12.7 years, with 58.7% male recipients. The mean CCI score was 3.65 ± 1.5 points. Intraoperative complications occurred in 10.9% of patients, with notable issues including bleeding and airway difficulties. In the immediate postoperative period, 9.1% required urgent dialysis. In the 30-day follow-up, 57.8% had delayed graft function, 21.7% infections, 11.3% had vascular complications, and the mortality was 1.7%. CCI was not a significant predictor of severe complications; however, congestive heart failure was strongly associated with severe complications (HR = 6.6 95% CI 2.6–6.7, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Despite a low overall comorbidity profile, kidney transplant recipients faced significant perioperative challenges. The lack of a significant association between the CCI score and severe complications suggests that traditional risk assessment tools may not fully capture the risks specific to the early postoperative period in kidney transplantation, and future research should focus on developing more refined risk assessment models for chronic kidney disease patients. Background (CCI ClavienDindo Clavien Dindo (CD classification Methods 202 2022 23 demographics collected scale regression Results 492 49 2 49. 127 12 7 12. years 587 58 58.7 365 3 65 3.6 15 1 5 1. points 109 10 9 10.9 patients difficulties 91 9.1 dialysis 30day day 30 followup, followup follow up, up follow-up 578 57 8 57.8 function 217 21 21.7 infections 113 11 11.3 17 1.7% however HR 66 6 6. 95 2667 2.6–6.7 0.001. 0001 0.001 . 0 001 0.001) Conclusions profile transplantation 20 4 58. 36 3. 10. 9. 57. 21. 11. 1.7 266 2.6–6. 000 0.00 00 26 2.6–6 0.0 2.6– 0. 2.6 2.

RESUMO Antecedentes: Análise de bioimpedância (BIA) demonstrou adicionar acurácia às avaliações de estado nutricional e de volume em pacientes em diálise (HD). Objetivo: descrever amostra de pacientes em diálise de um único centro quanto aos aspectos demográficos e BIA na distribuição de volume e no estado nutricional, e a mortalidade em 12 meses de acompanhamento. Métodos: estudo de coorte observacional prospectivo para avaliar pacientes prevalentes em HD com BIA de frequência única. Resultados: avaliamos 82 pacientes, 29% acima de 65 anos. Pacientes idosos apresentaram maior AEC/ACT (0,51 vs. 0,44; p < 0,0001), e ângulo de fase mais estreito (PhA) (4,9 vs. 6,4º; p < 0,0001). Quinze pacientes (18,2%) foram a óbito durante acompanhamento, oito (53%) eram idosos. Óbito foi associado à idade (62,6 vs. 50,2 anos, p = 0,012), PhA pós-HD (4,8 vs. 6,2º; p = 0,0001), e AEC/ACT pós-HD (0,50 vs. 0,45, p = 0,015). A análise da curva ROC para prever mortalidade constatou que AEC/ACT ≥ 0,47 e PhA ≤ 5,5º apresentam melhor sensibilidade e especificidade. Sobrevida do paciente em um ano foi menor com AEC/ACT pós-HD ≥ 0,47 (69,5% vs. 90,6%; p = 0,019), idade ≥ 65 anos (64,2% vs. 86,2%; p = 0,029), e PhA ≤ 5,5º (68,2 vs. 91,0%; p = 0,002). A análise de regressão de Cox demonstrou que PhA [HR 5,04 (IC 95% 1,60–15,86); p = 0,006] permaneceu associado ao óbito após ajuste para idade e AEC/ACT. Conclusão: BIA é útil ao avaliar distribuição de volume e nutrição em pacientes em HD, e juntamente com julgamento clínico, pode ajudar a determinar o peso seco, principalmente em pacientes idosos. PhA mais estreito e maior AEC/ACT pós-HD foram associados a pior sobrevida em um ano. Antecedentes (BIA HD. . (HD) Objetivo 1 acompanhamento Métodos única Resultados 8 29 6 AECACT AEC ACT 0,51 051 0 51 (0,5 vs 0,44 044 44 0,0001, 00001 0,0001 , 0001 0,0001) (PhA 4,9 49 4 9 (4, 6,4º 64º º 4º 0,0001. 18,2% 182 18 2 (18,2% 53% 53 (53% 62,6 626 62 (62, 502 50 50, 0,012, 0012 0,012 012 0,012) pósHD pós 4,8 48 6,2º 62º 2º 0,50 050 045 45 0,45 0,015. 0015 0,015 015 0,015) 047 47 0,4 55º 5 5º especificidade 69,5% 695 69 (69,5 90,6% 906 90 0,019, 0019 0,019 019 0,019) 64,2% 642 64 (64,2 86,2% 862 86 0,029, 0029 0,029 029 0,029) 68,2 682 68 (68, 91,0% 910 91 0,002. 0002 0,002 002 0,002) HR 504 04 5,0 IC 95 1,60–15,86 1601586 60 15 1,60–15,86) 0,006 0006 006 Conclusão clínico seco (HD 0,5 05 (0, 0000 0,000 000 4, (4 18,2 (18,2 (53 62, (62 001 0,01 01 0, 69,5 (69, 90,6 64,2 (64, 86,2 0,02 02 68, (68 91,0 0,00 00 5, 1,60–15,8 160158 (0 ( 18, (18, (5 (6 0,0 69, (69 90, 64, (64 86, 91, 1,60–15, 16015 (18 1,60–15 1601 (1 1,60–1 160 1,60– 16 1,60 1,6 1,

ABSTRACT Background: Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) has been demonstrated to add accuracy to nutritional and volume status assessments in dialysis (HD) patients. Aim: to describe a sample of dialysis patients from a single center on their demographics and BIA of volume distribution and nutritional status, and mortality during 12-month follow-up. Methods: prospective observational cohort study to evaluate vintage HD patients with single-frequency BIA. Results: we evaluated 82 patients, 29% over 65 years old. Elderly patients had higher ECW/TBW (0.51 vs. 0.44, p < 0.0001), and narrower phase angle (PhA) (4.9 vs. 6.4º, p < 0.0001). Fifteen patients (18.2%) died during follow-up, eight (53%) were elderly. Death was associated with age (62.6 vs. 50.2 years, p = 0.012), post-HD PhA (4.8 vs. 6.2º, p = 0.0001), and post-HD ECW/TBW (0.50 vs. 0.45, p = 0.015). The ROC curve analysis to predict mortality found ECW/TBW ≥ 0.47 and PhA ≤ 5.5º to have the best sensitivity and specificity. One-year patient survival was lower with post-HD ECW/TBW ≥ 0.47 (69.5% vs. 90.6%, p = 0.019), age ≥ 65 years (64.2%, vs. 86.2%, p = 0.029), and PhA ≤ 5.5º (68.2 vs. 91.0%, p = 0.002). Cox regression analysis demonstrated that PhA [HR 5.04 (95%CI 1.60–15.86), p = 0.006] remained associated with death after adjusting for age and ECW/TBW. Conclusion: BIA is useful in assessing volume distribution and nutrition in HD patients, and combined with clinical judgement, may help determine dry weight, especially in elderly patients. Narrower PhA and higher ECW/TBW after HD were associated with poorer one-year survival. Background (BIA (HD Aim 12month month 12 followup. followup follow up. up follow-up Methods singlefrequency frequency Results 8 29 6 old ECWTBW ECW TBW 0.51 051 0 51 (0.5 vs 044 44 0.44 0.0001, 00001 0.0001 , 0001 0.0001) (PhA 4.9 49 4 9 (4. 64º º 4º 6.4º 0.0001. . 18.2% 182 18 2 (18.2% followup, up, 53% 53 (53% 62.6 626 62 (62. 502 50 50. 0.012, 0012 0.012 012 0.012) postHD post 4.8 48 62º 2º 6.2º 0.50 050 045 45 0.45 0.015. 0015 0.015 015 0.015) 047 47 0.4 55º 5 5º specificity Oneyear One year 69.5% 695 69 (69.5 906 90 90.6% 0.019, 0019 0.019 019 0.019) 64.2%, 642 64 (64.2% 862 86 86.2% 0.029, 0029 0.029 029 0.029) 68.2 682 68 (68. 910 91 91.0% 0.002. 0002 0.002 002 0.002) HR 504 04 5.0 95%CI 95CI CI 95 1.60–15.86, 1601586 1.60–15.86 1 60 15 1.60–15.86) 0.006 0006 006 Conclusion judgement weight oneyear one 0.5 05 (0. 0000 0.000 000 4. (4 18.2 (18.2 (53 62. (62 001 0.01 01 0. 69.5 (69. 90.6 64.2% (64.2 86.2 0.02 02 68. (68 91.0 0.00 00 5. 160158 1.60–15.8 (0 ( 18. (18. (5 (6 0.0 69. (69 90. 64.2 (64. 86. 91. 16015 1.60–15. (18 64. (64 1601 1.60–15 (1 160 1.60–1 16 1.60– 1.60 1.6 1.

ABSTRACT Direct-acting antivirals are the gold-standard treatment for chronic HCV infections, but few studies have investigated their use on kidney and liver transplant recipients. We conducted a real-world study to evaluate the rates of sustained virological response with direct-acting antivirals in kidney and liver transplant recipients. Moreover, it also aimed to evaluate direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) interference with immunosuppressant levels and to describe the frequency of adverse events. As part of this retrospective observational cohort, we included adult patients that had undergone a kidney transplant (KT) or liver transplant (LT) at our center, had a chronic HCV infection, and were treated with DAAs from June 2016 to December 2021. A total of 165 patients were included in the analysis, divided in 108 KT and 57 LT recipients. HCV genotype 1 was more frequent in KT (58.4%), and genotype 3 was more prevalent in LT (57.9%) patients. Sustained virological response was achieved in 89.6% of patients. Adverse effects were reported by 36% of patients. There were significant interactions with immunosuppressants requiring dose adjustments. A total of three episodes of rejection were reported in KT recipients. In conclusion, DAA treatment resulted in high rates of SVR and was well tolerated in both kidney and liver transplant patients. Adverse events were frequent but not severe in most patients, with low treatment drop-out rates. Interactions with immunosuppressants need monitoring since dose adjustments may be required. Reporting real-life experiences is important to help build evidence for patient management in non-controlled environments. Directacting Direct acting goldstandard gold standard infections recipients realworld real world directacting direct Moreover (DAAs cohort (KT (LT center infection 201 2021 16 analysis 10 5 58.4%, 584 58.4% , 58 4 (58.4%) 57.9% 579 9 (57.9% 896 89 6 89.6 36 conclusion dropout drop out required reallife life noncontrolled non controlled environments 20 202 58.4 (58.4% 57.9 (57.9 8 89. 2 58. (58.4 57. (57. (58. (57 (58 (5 (

RESUMO Introdução: A principal estratégia para reduzir a imunogenicidade dos enxertos transplantados é buscar a máxima compatibilidade entre os aloantígenos no par doador-receptor. Entende-se que a prova cruzada virtual (VXM) pode ser uma boa ferramenta na avaliação da dupla doador/receptor e que uma aplicação mais ampla desses protocolos melhorará a avaliação do risco imunológico pré-transplante. O objetivo deste estudo foi correlacionar os resultados das provas cruzadas por citometria de fluxo (FCXM), observando os diferentes valores médios de intensidade de fluorescência (MFI) e o alvo dos anticorpos doador específicos (DSA), com a probabilidade de uma prova cruzada positiva. Usamos para isso o protocolo Halifax de prova cruzada por citometria de fluxo. Métodos: Foram realizados um total de 15.217 FCXM entre 2015 e 2019. Todos foram testados pelo protocolo Halifax Flow Cytometer Crossmatch (FCXM), com células de doadores falecidos e soro de receptores renais. Para esta análise, selecionamos apenas as amostras que apresentavam um ou dois DSAs por locus (N = 1.081) quando o MFI estava acima de 1.000. Esses foram divididos de acordo com o grupo alélico reconhecido pelo anticorpo (anti-HLA-A, B, C, DR ou DQ) observando a probabilidade de uma prova cruzada positiva com diferentes valores de MFI dos DSAs. As combinações entre eles também foram analisadas da mesma forma (N=175). Resultados: Na presença de um DSA exclusivo contra os grupos alélicos A, B e DR, com índice MFI acima de 5.000, todos os FCXM foram positivos. Com anticorpos exclusivamente contra os grupos C ou DQ, todos os casos com DSAs acima de 15.000 MFIs foram positivos. Com dois ou mais DSAs anti A e/ou B, e/ou DR, quando suas somas de MFIs excederam 5.000, todos os resultados de FCXM contra células B foram positivos. A presença de DSA anti-Classe I (A, B e A+B), independentemente do valor de MFI, foi responsável por 71% (N=424 de 601) da positividade de células T e 77% (N=460 de 661) nas células B. A presença apenas de DSAs anti Classe II (DR e DQ) foi responsável por 55% (N=168 de 303) da positividade FCXM em células B. A média geral do MFI dos DSAs foi maior no grupo FCXM positivo quando comparado ao crossmatch negativo. O grupo com somatória de DSAs A (N=217) mostrou que quando a soma era de 4.000 MFIs ou mais havia uma probabilidade 24 vezes maior de uma prova cruzada positiva de células B quando comparado com MFIs menores. Conclusão: Nossos resultados mostram uma forte associação entre o DSA MFI e o resultado do FCXM. Os dados aqui apresentados confirmam os resultados dos nossos estudos anteriores, justificando o padrão VXM utilizado pelo nosso centro, revelando-se uma boa ferramenta para agilizar a seleção de receptores de transplantes e facilitar a distribuição de órgãos de dadores nacionais. Introdução doadorreceptor. doadorreceptor receptor. receptor doador-receptor Entendese Entende se (VXM prétransplante. prétransplante pré transplante. transplante pré-transplante FCXM, , (FCXM) (MFI DSA, (DSA) Métodos 15217 15 217 15.21 201 2019 renais análise N 1.081 1081 1 081 1000 000 1.000 antiHLAA, antiHLAA HLA (anti-HLA-A DQ N=175. N175 N=175 . 175 (N=175) Resultados 5000 5 5.000 positivos 15000 15.00 eou antiClasse (A A+B, AB A+B A+B) 71 N=424 N424 424 (N=42 601 77 N=460 N460 460 (N=46 661 55 N=168 N168 168 (N=16 303 negativo N=217 N217 (N=217 4000 4 4.00 2 menores Conclusão anteriores centro revelandose revelando nacionais (FCXM (DSA 1521 21 15.2 20 1.08 108 08 100 00 1.00 N17 N=17 17 (N=175 500 5.00 1500 15.0 7 N=42 N42 42 (N=4 60 N=46 N46 46 66 N=16 N16 16 (N=1 30 N=21 N21 (N=21 400 4.0 152 15. 1.0 10 0 N1 N=1 (N=17 50 5.0 150 N=4 N4 (N= 6 3 N=2 N2 (N=2 40 4. 1. N= 5.

ABSTRACT Background: The main strategy to reduce the immunogenicity of transplanted grafts is to seek maximum compatibility between alloantigens in the donor-recipient pair. It is understood that the virtual crossmatch (VXM) can be a good tool in the evaluation of the donor / recipient pair and that a broader application of these protocols will improve the pre-transplant immunological risk assessment. The aim of this study was to correlate the physical flow crossmatches results, looking at different mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values of the donor specific antibodies (DSA), and the probability of a positive crossmatch. We also aimed to validate this tool using a well standardized flow crossmatch protocol. Objective: Analysis of the characteristics of the different simulated patterns of allocation (pattern vs. rescue), using the donor risk index (DRI), the balance of risk score (BAR) and its impact on the graft function. Methods: We performed a total of 15,217 FCXM between 2015 and 2019. All were tested by the Halifax Flow Cytometer Crossmatch (FCXM) protocol, with cells from deceased donors and serum from renal recipients. For this analysis we selected only samples that had one or two DSA per locus (N = 1,081), when the MFI was above 1,000, and they were divided according to the allelic group recognized by the antibody (anti-HLA-A, B, C, DR or DQ) looking at the probability of a positive crossmatch with different MFI values of the DSAs. Combinations among them were also analyzed in the same way (N=175). Results: In the presence of an exclusive DSA against the allelic groups A, B and DR, with an index MFI above 5,000, all the FCXM were positives. With exclusively antibodies against groups C or DQ, all cases with DSAs above 15,000 MFIs were positives. With two or more DSAs anti A and/or B, and/or DR, when their MFIs sums exceeded 5,000, all FCXM results against B cells were positive. The presence of anti-Class I DSAs (A, B and A+B), regardless of the MFI value, was responsible for 71% (N=424 of 601) of the T cell positivity and 77% (N=460 of 661) in the B cell crossmatches. The presence of only anti-Class II DSAs (DR and DQ) accounted for 55% (N=168 of 303) of FCXM positivity in B cells. The overall mean of the MFI of the DSAs was higher in the FCXM positive group when compared to negative crossmatch. The group with sum of DSAs A (N=217) showed that when the sum was 4,000 MFI or higher, there was a 24 times higher probability for a positive B cell crossmatch when compared with lowers MFIs. Conclusion: Our results show a strong association between the DSA MFI and the FCXM result. The data here presented confirm the results of our previous studies, justifying the VXM standard used by our center, proving to be a good tool to streamline the selection of transplant recipients and facilitate the sharing of organs from national donors. Background donorrecipient (VXM pretransplant pre assessment (MFI DSA, , (DSA) protocol Objective pattern vs rescue, rescue rescue) DRI, DRI (DRI) BAR (BAR function Methods 15217 15 217 15,21 201 2019 (FCXM N 1,081, 1081 1,081 1 081 1,081) 1000 000 1,000 antiHLAA, antiHLAA HLA (anti-HLA-A DQ N=175. N175 N=175 . 175 (N=175) Results 5000 5 5,000 positives 15000 15,00 andor antiClass Class (A A+B, AB A+B A+B) value 71 N=424 N424 424 (N=42 601 77 N=460 N460 460 (N=46 661 55 N=168 N168 168 (N=16 303 N=217 N217 (N=217 4000 4 4,00 2 Conclusion result studies center (DSA (DRI 1521 21 15,2 20 108 1,08 08 100 00 1,00 N17 N=17 17 (N=175 500 5,00 1500 15,0 7 N=42 N42 42 (N=4 60 N=46 N46 46 66 N=16 N16 16 (N=1 30 N=21 N21 (N=21 400 4,0 152 15, 10 1,0 0 N1 N=1 (N=17 50 5,0 150 N=4 N4 (N= 6 3 N=2 N2 (N=2 40 4, 1, N= 5,

RESUMO Antecedentes: Análise de bioimpedância (BIA) demonstrou adicionar acurácia às avaliações de estado nutricional e de volume em pacientes em diálise (HD). Objetivo: descrever amostra de pacientes em diálise de um único centro quanto aos aspectos demográficos e BIA na distribuição de volume e no estado nutricional, e a mortalidade em 12 meses de acompanhamento. Métodos: estudo de coorte observacional prospectivo para avaliar pacientes prevalentes em HD com BIA de frequência única. Resultados: avaliamos 82 pacientes, 29% acima de 65 anos. Pacientes idosos apresentaram maior AEC/ACT (0,51 vs. 0,44; p < 0,0001), e ângulo de fase mais estreito (PhA) (4,9 vs. 6,4º; p < 0,0001). Quinze pacientes (18,2%) foram a óbito durante acompanhamento, oito (53%) eram idosos. Óbito foi associado à idade (62,6 vs. 50,2 anos, p = 0,012), PhA pós-HD (4,8 vs. 6,2º; p = 0,0001), e AEC/ACT pós-HD (0,50 vs. 0,45, p = 0,015). A análise da curva ROC para prever mortalidade constatou que AEC/ACT ≥ 0,47 e PhA ≤ 5,5º apresentam melhor sensibilidade e especificidade. Sobrevida do paciente em um ano foi menor com AEC/ACT pós-HD ≥ 0,47 (69,5% vs. 90,6%; p = 0,019), idade ≥ 65 anos (64,2% vs. 86,2%; p = 0,029), e PhA ≤ 5,5º (68,2 vs. 91,0%; p = 0,002). A análise de regressão de Cox demonstrou que PhA [HR 5,04 (IC 95% 1,60–15,86); p = 0,006] permaneceu associado ao óbito após ajuste para idade e AEC/ACT. Conclusão: BIA é útil ao avaliar distribuição de volume e nutrição em pacientes em HD, e juntamente com julgamento clínico, pode ajudar a determinar o peso seco, principalmente em pacientes idosos. PhA mais estreito e maior AEC/ACT pós-HD foram associados a pior sobrevida em um ano.

ABSTRACT Background: Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) has been demonstrated to add accuracy to nutritional and volume status assessments in dialysis (HD) patients. Aim: to describe a sample of dialysis patients from a single center on their demographics and BIA of volume distribution and nutritional status, and mortality during 12-month follow-up. Methods: prospective observational cohort study to evaluate vintage HD patients with single-frequency BIA. Results: we evaluated 82 patients, 29% over 65 years old. Elderly patients had higher ECW/TBW (0.51 vs. 0.44, p < 0.0001), and narrower phase angle (PhA) (4.9 vs. 6.4º, p < 0.0001). Fifteen patients (18.2%) died during follow-up, eight (53%) were elderly. Death was associated with age (62.6 vs. 50.2 years, p = 0.012), post-HD PhA (4.8 vs. 6.2º, p = 0.0001), and post-HD ECW/TBW (0.50 vs. 0.45, p = 0.015). The ROC curve analysis to predict mortality found ECW/TBW ≥ 0.47 and PhA ≤ 5.5º to have the best sensitivity and specificity. One-year patient survival was lower with post-HD ECW/TBW ≥ 0.47 (69.5% vs. 90.6%, p = 0.019), age ≥ 65 years (64.2%, vs. 86.2%, p = 0.029), and PhA ≤ 5.5º (68.2 vs. 91.0%, p = 0.002). Cox regression analysis demonstrated that PhA [HR 5.04 (95%CI 1.60–15.86), p = 0.006] remained associated with death after adjusting for age and ECW/TBW. Conclusion: BIA is useful in assessing volume distribution and nutrition in HD patients, and combined with clinical judgement, may help determine dry weight, especially in elderly patients. Narrower PhA and higher ECW/TBW after HD were associated with poorer one-year survival.

Resumo Histórico: Tuberculose (TB) é uma infecção relativamente comum pós-transplante renal (TR) em países com alta prevalência da doença. O rastreamento de infecção latente por tuberculose (ILTB) inclui histórico prévio de TB, achados de radiografia do tórax, resultados do teste tuberculínico (TT) e/ou de ensaio de liberação de interferon-gama (IGRAs). Nosso objetivo foi comparar nossa avaliação de rotina de candidatos ao TR e doadores vivos (DV) com seus resultados de IGRA, avaliando se aumentaria o encaminhamento para tratamento com isoniazida (INH). Métodos: Avaliamos candidatos adultos ao TR e DV com rastreamento para ILTB de rotina completo e coleta de testes QuantiFERON-TB® Gold In-Tube (QFT). Coletamos amostras sanguíneas de 4 de Abril, 2014 - 31 de Outubro, 2018, com acompanhamento até 31 de Outubro, 2019. Resultados: Avaliamos 116 receptores de TR, 30% sendo QFT-positivo. QFT positivo foi associado ao histórico prévio de TB (p=0,007), TT positivo (p<0,0001), lesões radiográficas residuais (p=0,003), diabetes (p=0,035). Avaliamos 25 DV, 40% apresentaram QFT positivo. QFT positivo foi associado a TT positivo (p=0,002). Resultados positivos do QFT aumentaram o encaminhamento para INH em 80%. A incidência de TB pós-transplante foi 2,6% em uma mediana de acompanhamento de 2 (1-33) meses. Nenhuma variável foi associada à TB pós-transplante. Pacientes com TB tiveram sobrevida do enxerto em 5 anos inferior, embora não-significativa (66,7% vs. 76,5%) (p = 0,402). Conclusão: Neste estudo, a associação do QFT à nossa avaliação de ILTB de rotina aumentou o encaminhamento para tratamento com INH, mas ainda houve alta incidência de TB pós-transplante, possivelmente relacionada a outras formas de infecção, como nova exposição e transmissão pelos doadores.

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a prevalent infection after kidney transplantation (KT) in high-burden countries. Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening includes previous TB history, chest radiograph findings, and tuberculin test (TST) and/or interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) results. We aimed to compare our routine LTBI screening of KT candidates and living donors (LD) with their IGRA results, and evaluate if this would improve isoniazid (INH) treatment referral. Methods: We evaluated adult KT candidates and LD with complete routine LTBI screening and QuantiFERON-TB® Gold In-Tube (QFT) testing. Blood samples were collected from April 4th, 2014 to October 31st, 2018, with follow-up until October 31st, 2019. Results: There were 116 KT recipients, with 30% QFT-positive results. Positive QFT was associated with past TB history (p=0.007), positive TST (p<0.0001), residual radiographic lesions (p=0.003), and diabetes (p=0.035). There were 25 LD, 40% had positive QFT. Positive QFT was associated with a positive TST (p=0.002). Positive QFT results increased INH referral in 80%. Post-transplant TB incidence was 2.6% in a median follow-up of 2 (1-33) months. No variables were associated with post-transplant TB. TB patients had inferior, although non-significant, 5-year graft survival (66.7% vs. 76.5%) (p = 0.402). Conclusion: In the present study, the association of QFT to our routine LTBI screening incremented INH treatment referral, but there was still a high incidence of post-transplant TB, possibly related to other forms of infection, such as new exposure and donor transmission.

Abstract Introduction: The anti-human globulin-enhanced complement-dependent cytotoxicity crossmatch (AHG-CDCXM) assay has been used to assess the presence of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) in recipient’s serum before kidney transplantation. The flow cytometric crossmatch (FCXM) assay was first introduced as an additional test. The aim of this study was to clinically validate the single use of the FCXM assay. Methods: This study compared the outcomes of a cohort of kidney transplant patients that underwent FCXM only (FCXM group) versus a cohort of kidney transplant patients that underwent AHG-CDCXM (control group). Results: Ninety-seven patients in the FCXM group and 98 controls were included. All crossmatches in the control group were negative. One patient in the FCXM group had a positive B cell crossmatch. One year after transplantation, there were no significant differences in patient survival (p = 0.591) and graft survival (p = 0.692) between the groups. Also, no significant difference was found in the incidence of Banff ≥ 1A acute cellular rejection episodes (p = 0.289). However, acute antibody-mediated rejections occurred in 3 controls (p = 0.028). Conclusion: The results showed that discontinuing the AHG-CDCXM assay does not modify the clinical outcomes in a 1-year follow-up. Introduction antihuman anti human globulinenhanced globulin enhanced complementdependent complement dependent AHGCDCXM AHG CDCXM (AHG-CDCXM donorspecific donor specific DSA (DSA recipients recipient s transplantation test Methods group. . Results Ninetyseven Ninety seven 9 included negative p 0.591 0591 0 591 0.692 0692 692 groups Also A 0.289. 0289 0.289 289 0.289) However antibodymediated antibody mediated 0.028. 0028 0.028 028 0.028) Conclusion 1year 1 followup. followup follow up. up follow-up 0.59 059 59 0.69 069 69 0.28 28 002 0.02 02 0.5 05 5 0.6 06 6 0.2 2 00 0.0 0.

Resumo Introdução: O ensaio de prova cruzada por citotoxicidade dependente do complemento antiglobulina humana (AHG-CDCXM - do inglês anti-human globulin-enhanced complement-dependent cytotoxicity crossmatch) tem sido usado para avaliar a presença de anticorpos específicos contra o doador (DSA - do inglês donor-specific antibodies) no soro do receptor antes do transplante renal. O ensaio de prova cruzada por citometria de fluxo (CFXM) foi introduzido pela primeira vez como um teste adicional. O objetivo deste estudo foi validar clinicamente o uso único do ensaio CFXM. Métodos: Este estudo comparou os resultados de uma coorte de pacientes de transplante renal que foram submetidos apenas ao CFXM (grupo CFXM) contra uma coorte de pacientes de transplante renal submetidos ao AHG-CDCXM (grupo controle). Resultados: Foram incluídos noventa e sete pacientes no grupo CFXM e 98 controles. Todas as provas cruzadas no grupo controle foram negativas. Um paciente no grupo CFXM teve uma prova cruzada positiva para células B. Um ano após o transplante, não houve diferenças significativas na sobrevida do paciente (p = 0,591) e na sobrevida do enxerto (p = 0,692) entre os grupos. Também não foi encontrada diferença significativa na incidência de episódios de rejeição aguda celular (p = 0,289) segundo critério de Banff ≥ 1A. No entanto, rejeições agudas mediadas por anticorpos ocorreram em 3 controles (p = 0,028). Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram que a interrupção do ensaio AHG-CDCXM não modifica os desfechos clínicos em um acompanhamento de 1 ano. Introdução AHGCDCXM AHG CDCXM antihuman anti human globulinenhanced globulin enhanced complementdependent complement dependent crossmatch DSA donorspecific donor specific antibodies (CFXM adicional Métodos controle. . controle) Resultados 9 negativas B p 0,591 0591 0 591 0,692 0692 692 grupos 0,289 0289 289 1A A entanto 0,028. 0028 0,028 028 0,028) Conclusão 0,59 059 59 0,69 069 69 0,28 28 002 0,02 02 0,5 05 5 0,6 06 6 0,2 2 00 0,0 0,

Resumo Introdução: O Índice de Perfil de Doadores de Rins (KDPI) foi adotado nos Estados Unidos para melhorar o sistema de alocação de transplantes renais. Objetivos: avaliar o perfil dos doadores de rim falecidos usando o KDPI e comparar com a definição anterior do United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) de doadores de critérios expandidos (DCE) e avaliar a aplicabilidade do KDPI para prever a sobrevida do enxerto em cinco anos e a função renal em nossa amostra. Métodos: Coorte retrospectiva de 589 transplantes renais de doadores falecidos, realizada de janeiro de 2009 a maio de 2013, com acompanhamento até maio de 2018. Resultados: Em 589 transplantes renais, 36,6% dos doadores foram classificados como DCE e 28,8% apresentaram KDPI ≥ 85%. O KDPI médio foi de 63,1 (IC 95%: 60,8-65,3). Houve uma sobreposição de padrão e DCE no KDPI entre 60 e 95 e uma sobrevida do enxerto censurada por óbito significativamente menor no KDPI ≥ 85% (78,6%); KDPI 0-20: 89,8%, KDPI 21-59: 91,6% e KDPI 60-84: 83,0%; p = 0,006. A ASC-ROC foi de 0,577 (IC 95%: 0,514-0,641; p = 0,027). A função renal aos 5 anos foi significativamente menor de acordo com o aumento do KDPI (p <0,002). KDPI (HR 1.011; 95% CI 1.001-1.020; p = 0.008), anticorpos específicos contra doadores (HR 2,77; 95% CI 1,69-4,54; p <0,001), episódio de rejeição aguda (HR 1,73; 95% CI 1,04-2,86; p = 0,034) foram fatores de risco independentes e significativos para perda do enxerto censurada por óbito em 5 anos. Conclusão: Em nosso estudo, 36,6% foram classificados como DCE e 28,8% apresentaram KDPI ≥ 85%. O escore KDPI mostrou potencial moderado para prever a sobrevida do enxerto em 5 anos. A função renal foi significativamente menor nos pacientes com maior KDPI.

Abstract Introduction: Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) has been incorporated in the United States to improve the kidney transplant allocation system. Objectives: To evaluate deceased kidney donors’ profile using KDPI and compare to the previous United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) definition of expanded criteria donors (ECD) and assess the KDPI applicability to predict five-year graft survival and renal function in our sample. Methods: Retrospective cohort of 589 kidney transplants from deceased donors performed from January 2009 to May 2013 with follow-up until May 2018. Results: In 589 kidney transplants, 36.6% of donors were classified as ECD and 28.8% had KDPI ≥ 85%. Mean KDPI was 63.1 (95%CI: 60.8-65.3). There was an overlap of standard and ECD in KDPI between 60 and 95 and a significantly lower death-censored graft survival in KDPI ≥ 85% (78.6%); KDPI 0-20: 89.8%, KDPI 21-59: 91.6%, and KDPI 60-84: 83.0%; p = 0.006. The AUC-ROC was 0.577 (95%CI: 0.514-0.641; p = 0.027). Renal function at 5 years was significantly lower according to the incremental KDPI (p < 0.002). KDPI (HR 1.011; 95%CI 1.001-1.020; p = 0.008), donor-specific antibodies (HR 2.77; 95%CI 1.69-4.54; p < 0.001), acute rejection episode (HR 1.73; 95%CI 1.04-2.86; p = 0.034) were independent and significant risk factors for death-censored graft loss at 5 years. Conclusion: In our study, 36.6% were classified as ECD and 28.8% had KDPI ≥ 85%. KDPI score showed a moderate power to predict graft survival at 5 years. Renal function was significantly lower in patients with higher KDPI.

Resumo Introdução: Lesão renal aguda (LRA) ocorre em cerca de 22% dos pacientes submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca e 2,3% necessitam de terapia renal substitutiva (TRS). Os atuais critérios diagnósticos para LRA fundamentados no aumento dos níveis de creatinina sérica apresentam limitações e novos biomarcadores estão sendo testados. O sedimento urinário é um biomarcador que pode ajudar a diferenciar a LRA pré-renal (funcional) da LRA renal (intrínseca). Objetivos: Investigar a urinálise microscópica no diagnóstico de LRA em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca com circulação extracorpórea. Métodos: Um total de 114 pacientes com idade média de 62,3 anos, 67,5% do sexo masculino e níveis médios de creatinina de 0,91 mg/dL (DP 0,22) tiveram amostras de urina examinadas nas primeiras 24 horas após a cirurgia. A identificação de células epiteliais tubulares renais (CETR) e cilindros granulares (CG) foi associada a desfechos de desenvolvimento de LRA conforme os critérios do KDIGO. Resultados: Vinte e três pacientes (20,17%) desenvolveram LRA pelo critério de creatinina sérica e 76 (66,67%) pelo critério de diurese. Quatro pacientes necessitaram de TRS. A mortalidade foi de 3,51%. O uso da creatinina urinária como critério preditivo para LRA mostrou sensibilidade de 34,78% e especificidade de 86,81%; razão de verossimilhança positiva de 2,64 e razão de verossimilhança negativa de 0,75; e ASC-COR de 0,584 (IC 95%: 0,445-0,723). Para o critério de diurese, a sensibilidade foi de 23,68% e a especificidade 92,11%; a ASC-COR foi 0,573 (IC 95%: 0,465-0,680). Conclusão: A identificação de CETR e CG em amostras de urina por microscopia representa um biomarcador altamente específico para o diagnóstico precoce de LRA após cirurgia cardíaca.

Abstract Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in about 22% of the patients undergoing cardiac surgery and 2.3% requires renal replacement therapy (RRT). The current diagnostic criteria for AKI by increased serum creatinine levels have limitations and new biomarkers are being tested. Urine sediment may be considered a biomarker and it can help to differentiate pre-renal (functional) from renal (intrinsic) AKI. Aims: To investigate the microscopic urinalysis in the AKI diagnosis in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: One hundred and fourteen patients, mean age 62.3 years, 67.5 % male, with creatinine 0.91 mg/dL (SD 0.22) had a urine sample examined in the first 24 h after the surgery. We looked for renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEC) and granular casts (GC) and associated the results with AKI development as defined by KDIGO criteria. Results: Twenty three patients (20.17 %) developed AKI according to the serum creatinine criterion and 76 (66.67 %) by the urine output criterion. Four patients required RRT. Mortality was 3.51 %. The use of urine creatinine criterion to predict AKI showed a sensitivity of 34.78 % and specificity of 86.81 %, positive likelihood ratio of 2.64 and negative likelihood ratio of 0.75, AUC-ROC of 0.584 (95%CI: 0.445-0.723). For the urine output criterion sensitivity was 23.68 % and specificity 92.11 %, AUC-ROC was 0.573 (95%CI: 0.465-0.680). Conclusion: RTEC and GC in urine sample detected by microscopy is a highly specific biomarker for early AKI diagnosis after cardiac surgery.

RESUMO Introdução: Atualmente não há um protocolo imunossupressor específico para os receptores de transplantes renais portadores de hepatite C (HCV). Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da conversão a Everolimo (EVR) na HCV em receptores adultos de transplantes renais. Método: Trata-se de um estudo unicêntrico, prospectivo, randomizado, exploratório, controlado, aberto em receptores de aloenxertos renais com sorologia positiva para HCV. Os participantes foram randomizados para conversão a EVR ou manutenção dos inibidores da calcineurina. Resultados: Trinta pacientes foram randomizados e 28 foram acompanhados por um período de 12 meses (grupo de conversão, Grupo 1 = 15 e grupo controle, Grupo 2 =13). Níveis de RT-PCR HCV descritos em valores logarítmicos foram comparáveis entre os grupos e entre pacientes em um mesmo grupo. A análise estatística não mostrou efeitos de interação entre tempo e grupo (valor p G*M= 0,852), ao longo do tempo em cada grupo (valor p M=0,889) e entre grupos (valor p G=0,286). O Grupo 1 apresentou uma maior incidência de eventos de dislipidemia (p=0,03) e proteinúria (p=0,01); não houve diferença na incidência de anemia (p=0,17), diabetes mellitus de início pós-transplante (p=1,00) ou infecção do trato urinário (p=0,60). A TFGe média foi semelhante nos dois grupos. Conclusão: Nosso estudo não mostrou redução da carga viral após conversão a EVR com manutenção do tratamento antiproliferativo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Currently, there is no specific immunosuppressive protocol for hepatitis C (HCV)-positive renal transplants recipients. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the conversion effect to everolimus (EVR) on HCV in adult kidney recipients. Method: This is an exploratory single-center, prospective, randomized, open label controlled trial with renal allograft recipients with HCV-positive serology. Participants were randomized for conversion to EVR or maintenance of calcineurin inhibitors. Results: Thirty patients were randomized and 28 were followed-up for 12 months (conversion group, Group 1 =15 and control group, Group 2 =13). RT-PCR HCV levels reported in log values were comparable in both groups and among patients in the same group. The statistical analysis showed no interaction effect between time and group (p value G*M= 0.852), overtime intra-groups (p-value M=0.889) and between group (p-value G=0.286). Group 1 showed a higher incidence of dyslipidemia (p=0.03) and proteinuria events (p=0.01), while no difference was observed in the incidence of anemia (p=0.17), new onset of post-transplant diabetes mellitus (p=1.00) or urinary tract infection (p=0.60). The mean eGFR was similar in both groups. Conclusion: Our study did not show viral load decrease after conversion to EVR with maintenance of antiproliferative therapy.