Abstract Objectives: to estimate the role of maternal overweight and obesity before pregnancy as predictors of childhood asthma in a population of Peruvian children under five years. Methods: we carried out a retrospective cohort study of children aged five years or less and their mothers from the Regional Hospital of Ayacucho and the María Auxiliadora Hospital in Lima, Peru. We included children who were born between 2013 and 2014 and follow them up until 2018 and 2019, respectively. The diagnosis of overweight and obesity of the mother before pregnancy and asthma in the child were registered in their clinical histories. Crude (cRR) and adjusted relative risks (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI95%) were obtained using a generalized lineal model of the Poisson family with link log and robust variances. Results: we evaluated 431 medical records and found that 20.9% of the children had asthma, 26.7% of the mothers were overweight, and 20.2% were obese before pregnancy. In the adjusted regression model, overweight (aRR=2.94; CI95%= 1.54-5.60) and maternal obesity (aRR=5.10; CI95%= 2.73-9.51) were predictors of an increased risk of childhood asthma. Conclusions: maternal overweight and maternal obesity increased the risk of her children developing asthma threeand five-fold, respectively. Objectives Methods Lima Peru 201 2019 respectively histories cRR (cRR aRR (aRR 95 CI95% CI95 CI (CI95% variances Results 43 209 20 9 20.9 267 26 7 26.7 202 2 20.2 aRR=2.94 aRR294 94 (aRR=2.94 1.545.60 154560 1.54 5.60 1 54 5 60 1.54-5.60 aRR=5.10 aRR510 10 (aRR=5.10 2.739.51 273951 2.73 9.51 73 51 2.73-9.51 Conclusions fivefold, fivefold fold, fold five-fold CI9 (CI95 4 20. 26. aRR=2.9 aRR29 (aRR=2.9 545 1.545.6 15456 154 1.5 560 5.6 6 1.54-5.6 aRR=5.1 aRR51 (aRR=5.1 739 2.739.5 27395 273 2.7 951 9.5 2.73-9.5 (CI9 aRR=2. aRR2 (aRR=2. 1.545. 1545 15 1. 56 5. 1.54-5. aRR=5. aRR5 (aRR=5. 2.739. 2739 27 2. 9. 2.73-9. (CI aRR=2 (aRR=2 1.545 1.54-5 aRR=5 (aRR=5 2.739 2.73-9 aRR= (aRR= 1.54- 2.73-

Resumen Objetivos: estimar el papel del sobrepeso y la obesidad materna antes del embarazo como predictores de asma infantil en una población de niños peruanos menores de cinco años. Métodos: realizamos un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo de niños de cinco años o menos y sus madres del Hospital Regional de Ayacucho y del Hospital María Auxiliadora de Lima, Perú. Se incluyeron niños nacidos entre 2013 y 2014 y se les dio seguimiento hasta 2018 y 2019, respectivamente. El diagnóstico de sobrepeso y obesidad de la madre antes del embarazo y asma en el niño fueron registrados en sus historias clínicas. Los riesgos relativos crudos (cRR) y ajustados (RRa) y los intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%) se obtuvieron mediante un modelo lineal generalizado de la familia de Poisson con log de enlace y varianzas robustas. Resultados: se evaluaron 431 historias clínicas y se encontró que el 20,9% de los niños tenían asma, el 26,7% de las madres tenían sobrepeso y el 20,2% eran obesas antes del embarazo. En el modelo de regresión ajustada, el sobrepeso (aRR=2,94; IC95%= 1,54-5,60) y obesidad materna (RRa=5,10; IC95%= 2,73-9,51) fueron predictores de un mayor riesgo de asma infantil. Conclusiones: el sobrepeso materno y la obesidad materna aumentaron tres y cinco veces el riesgo de que sus hijos desarrollaran asma, respectivamente. Objetivos Métodos Lima Perú 201 2019 respectivamente cRR (cRR RRa (RRa 95 IC95% IC95 IC (IC95% robustas Resultados 43 209 20 9 20,9 267 26 7 26,7 202 2 20,2 ajustada aRR=2,94 aRR294 aRR 94 (aRR=2,94 1,545,60 154560 1,54 5,60 1 54 5 60 1,54-5,60 RRa=5,10 RRa510 10 (RRa=5,10 2,739,51 273951 2,73 9,51 73 51 2,73-9,51 Conclusiones IC9 (IC95 4 20, 26, aRR=2,9 aRR29 (aRR=2,9 545 1,545,6 15456 154 1,5 560 5,6 6 1,54-5,6 RRa=5,1 RRa51 (RRa=5,1 739 2,739,5 27395 273 2,7 951 9,5 2,73-9,5 (IC9 aRR=2, aRR2 (aRR=2, 1,545, 1545 15 1, 56 5, 1,54-5, RRa=5, RRa5 (RRa=5, 2,739, 2739 27 2, 9, 2,73-9, (IC aRR=2 (aRR=2 1,545 1,54-5 RRa=5 (RRa=5 2,739 2,73-9 aRR= (aRR= 1,54- RRa= (RRa= 2,73- (aRR

Abstract Objectives: to assess the association between mothers age and the presence of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and acute diarrhea (AD) in Peruvian children under five years old. Methods: secondary analysis of the database of the “Demographic and Family Health Survey” of 2015 and 2019. We analyzed data from children under five and their reproductive-age mothers who live in the same household. Poisson regression models were used to generate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) to assess the association between mothers’ age group and the presence of ARIs and AD in their children. Results: 84,671 mother/child data were analyzed. In the adjusted regression model, being a young mother (aPR= 1.18; 95%CI= 1.11-1.25; p<0.001) or an teenage (aPR= 1.11; 95%CI= 1.01-1.22; p=0.045) were associated with a higher prevalence of ARIs in their children. In addition, being a young mother a teenage (aPR= 1.18; 95%CI= 1.11-1.25; p<0.001) or a teenage (aPR= 1.22; 95%CI= 1.10-1.35; p<0.001) were also associated with a higher prevalence of AD cases in their children. Conclusions: mothers’ age was found to be associated with the prevalence of ARIs and AD in Peruvian children under five, with teenagers and young mothers having the greatest probability of ARIs and AD. Objectives (ARIs (AD old Methods Demographic Survey 201 2019 reproductiveage reproductive household aPR (aPR 95 95%CI 95CI CI (95%CI Results 84671 84 671 84,67 motherchild child model aPR= 1.18 118 1 18 1.111.25 111125 1.11 1.25 11 25 1.11-1.25 p<0.001 p0001 p 0 001 111 1.011.22 101122 1.01 1.22 01 22 1.01-1.22 p=0.045 p0045 045 addition 122 1.101.35 110135 1.10 1.35 10 35 1.10-1.35 Conclusions 20 9 8467 8 67 84,6 1.1 1.111.2 11112 125 1.2 2 1.11-1.2 p<0.00 p000 00 011 1.011.2 10112 101 1.0 1.01-1.2 p=0.04 p004 04 12 1.101.3 11013 110 135 1.3 3 1.10-1.3 846 6 84, 1. 1.111. 1111 1.11-1. p<0.0 p00 1.011. 1011 1.01-1. p=0.0 1.101. 1101 13 1.10-1. 1.111 1.11-1 p<0. p0 1.011 1.01-1 p=0. 1.101 1.10-1 1.11- p<0 1.01- p=0 1.10- p< p=

Resumen Objetivos: evaluar la asociación entre la edad materna y la presencia de infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRAs) y enfermedades diarreicas agudas (EDAs) en niños peruanos menores de cinco años. Métodos: análisis secundario de la base de datos de la “Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar” de 2015 y 2019. Se analizaron datos de niños menores de cinco años y sus madres en edad reproductiva que viven en el mismo hogar. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión de Poisson para calcular razones de prevalencia ajustadas (RPa) con sus intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%) para evaluar la asociación entre el grupo de edad de las madres y la presencia de IRAs y EDAs en sus hijos. Resultados: se analizaron 84,671 datos madre/hijo. En el modelo de regresión ajustado, ser madre joven (RPa= 1,18; IC95%= 1,11-1,25; p<0,001) o adolescente (RPa= 1,11; IC95%= 1,01-1,22; p=0,045) se asoció con una mayor prevalencia de IRAs en sus hijos. Además, ser madre joven (RPa= 1,18; IC95%= 1,11-1,25; p<0,001) o adolescente RPa= 1,22; IC95%= 1,10-1,35; p<0,001 también se asoció con una mayor prevalencia de EDAs en sus hijos. Conclusiones: la edad de las madres se asoció con la prevalencia de IRAs y EDAs en niños peruanos menores de cinco años, siendo las madres adolescentes y jóvenes las que presentaron mayor probabilidad de IRAs y EDAs. Objetivos (IRAs (EDAs Métodos Encuesta Familiar 201 2019 hogar RPa (RPa 95 IC95% IC95 IC (IC95% hijos Resultados 84671 84 671 84,67 madrehijo hijo madre/hijo ajustado 1,18 118 1 18 1,111,25 111125 1,11 1,25 11 25 1,11-1,25 p0001 p 0 001 111 1,011,22 101122 1,01 1,22 01 22 1,01-1,22 p=0,045 p0045 045 Además 122 1,101,35 110135 1,10 1,35 10 35 1,10-1,35 p<0,00 Conclusiones 20 9 IC9 (IC95 8467 8 67 84,6 1,1 1,111,2 11112 125 1,2 2 1,11-1,2 p000 00 011 1,011,2 10112 101 1,0 1,01-1,2 p=0,04 p004 04 12 1,101,3 11013 110 135 1,3 3 1,10-1,3 p<0,0 (IC9 846 6 84, 1, 1,111, 1111 1,11-1, p00 1,011, 1011 1,01-1, p=0,0 1,101, 1101 13 1,10-1, p<0, (IC 1,111 1,11-1 p0 1,011 1,01-1 p=0, 1,101 1,10-1 p<0 1,11- 1,01- p=0 1,10- p< p=

Resumo Histórico: Pacientes com DRC apresentam maior risco de doença grave e mortalidade por COVID-19 do que a população geral. Objetivo: Comparar taxas de hospitalização e mortalidade durante a pandemia entre pacientes em hemodiálise crônica (HD) e a população geral em Lima (Peru). Métodos: Esta coorte retrospectiva incluiu avaliação do banco de dados de pacientes em HD crônica dos prestadores de serviços de saúde das redes de benefícios do seguro social de saúde de Lima e Callao, entre 2019–2021. Obteve-se taxas de hospitalização e mortalidade para cada 1.000 indivíduos, e foram calculadas variações nas porcentagens de casos de COVID-19 e óbitos. Estas taxas foram comparadas com os dados da população geral e padronizadas por idade e sexo. Resultados: Uma média de 3.937 pacientes em HD crônica foram avaliados mensalmente. Destes, 4,8% tinham COVID-19, 64,97% eram casos leves. As taxas de hospitalização por 1.000 pacientes foram 19,5; 29,28; e 36,7 em 2019, 2020, e 2021, respectivamente. As taxas de mortalidade por 1.000 pacientes foram 5,9; 9,74 e 11,49 em 2019, 2020, e 2021, respectivamente. Quando comparados à população geral padronizada, os picos das taxas coincidiram com os platôs das ondas da pandemia. A taxa de hospitalização para COVID-19 foi 12 vezes maior em pacientes em HD do que na população geral e a taxa de mortalidade por COVID-19 foi duas vezes maior. Conclusão: Pacientes em HD apresentaram taxas de hospitalização e mortalidade padronizada mais elevadas do que a população geral. Os picos das hospitalizações e mortalidade coincidiram com os platôs da primeira e segunda ondas da pandemia. Histórico COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Objetivo (HD Peru. Peru . (Peru) Métodos Callao 20192021 2019 2021 2019–2021 Obtevese Obteve se 1000 1 000 1.00 indivíduos óbitos sexo Resultados 3937 3 937 3.93 mensalmente Destes 48 4 8 4,8 COVID19, 19, 6497 64 97 64,97 leves 19,5 195 5 29,28 2928 29 28 367 36 7 36, 2020 respectivamente 5,9 59 9 974 74 9,7 1149 11 49 11,4 Conclusão COVID1 COVID- (Peru 2019202 201 202 2019–202 100 00 1.0 393 93 3.9 4, 649 6 64,9 29,2 292 2 5, 9, 114 11, 201920 20 2019–20 10 0 1. 39 3. 64, 29, 20192 2019–2 2019–

ABSTRACT Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease have a higher risk of severe disease and mortality from COVID-19 than the general population. Objective: To compare hospitalization and mortality rates during the pandemic among chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients and the general population in Lima (Peru). Methods: This retrospective cohort included an assessment of the database of chronic HD patients of the health service providers of the social health insurance benefit networks of Lima and Callao between 2019 and 2021. Hospitalization and mortality rates were obtained for every 1,000 individuals, and variations in the percentages of COVID-19 cases and deaths were calculated. These rates were compared with those of the general population data and standardized by age and sex. Results: An average of 3,937 chronic HD patients were evaluated each month. Of these, 4.8% had COVID-19 and 64.97% were mild cases. The hospitalization rates per 1,000 patients were 19.5, 29.28, and 36.7 in 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. The mortality rates per 1,000 patients were 5.9, 9.74, and 11.49 in 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. When compared to the standardized general population, the peaks of both rates coincided with the plateaus of the waves during the pandemic. The hospitalization rate for COVID-19 was 12 times higher in HD patients than in the general population, and the mortality rate for COVID-19 was twice as high. Conclusion: HD patients had higher hospitalization and standardized mortality rates than the general population. Peaks in hospitalizations and mortality coincided with the plateaus of the first and second waves of the pandemic. Background COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Objective (HD Peru. Peru . (Peru) Methods 201 2021 1000 1 000 1,00 individuals calculated sex Results 3937 3 937 3,93 month these 48 4 8 4.8 6497 64 97 64.97 195 5 19.5 2928 29 28 29.28 367 36 7 36. 2020 respectively 59 9 5.9 974 74 9.74 1149 11 49 11.4 high Conclusion COVID1 COVID- (Peru 20 202 100 00 1,0 393 93 3,9 4. 649 6 64.9 19. 292 2 29.2 5. 9.7 114 11. 10 0 1, 39 3, 64. 29. 9.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To determine the association between the degree of severity of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) in a level III hospital in Peru. Materials and Methods. Cross-sectional, analytical and observational study in women older than 18 years diagnosed with COVID-19 infection during pregnancy, between the years 2020 and 2022. Clinical and obstetric variables were collected. The chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used for the descriptive analysis. For the multivariate analysis, we calculated the prevalence ratio by using Poisson regression in crude and adjusted models. All statistical tests were performed considering a value of p<0.05 as significant and with a confidence level of 95%. Results. We analyzed data from 163 pregnant women with COVID-19, of which 9.2% had PPROM; all were symptomatic cases. Mild COVID-19 cases were 1.10 times more likely to have PPROM (RPa=1.10; 95%CI: 1.02-1.18) and moderate/severe cases were 1.64 times more likely (RPa=1.64; 95%CI: 1.43-1.87), compared to asymptomatic cases. Conclusions. We identified that a higher degree of severity of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy was associated with a higher probability of having PPROM.

RESUMEN Objetivos. Determinar la asociación entre el grado de severidad de la infección por COVID-19 durante el embarazo y la rotura prematura de membranas pretérmino (RPMP) en un hospital nivel III de Perú. Materiales y Métodos. Estudio transversal, analítico y observacional en mujeres mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de infección por COVID-19 en el embarazo durante el 2020-2022. Se recogieron variables clínicas y obstétricas. Para el análisis descriptivo se realizaron las pruebas de Chi Cuadrado y exacta de Fisher, y para el análisis multivariado, se calculó la razón de prevalencia mediante regresión de Poisson en modelos crudos y ajustados. Todas las pruebas estadísticas se realizaron considerando un valor de p<0,05 como significativo y con un nivel de confianza de 95%. Resultados. Se analizaron los datos de 163 gestantes con COVID-19, de las cuales el 9,2% tuvieron RPMP, todas fueron casos sintomáticos. Los casos leves de COVID-19 tuvieron 1,10 veces la probabilidad de presentar RPMP (RPa=1,10; IC95%: 1,02−1,18) y los casos moderados/severos tuvieron 1,64 veces esta probabilidad (RPa=1,64; IC95%: 1,43−1,87), en comparación con los casos asintomáticos. Conclusiones. Se identificó que un mayor grado de severidad de la infección por COVID-19 durante el embarazo se asoció a una mayor probabilidad de tener RPMP.

RESUMEN Objetivos. Determinar la asociación entre el grado de severidad de la infección por COVID-19 durante el embarazo y la rotura prematura de membranas pretérmino (RPMP) en un hospital nivel III de Perú. Materiales y Métodos. Estudio transversal, analítico y observacional en mujeres mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de infección por COVID-19 en el embarazo durante el 2020-2022. Se recogieron variables clínicas y obstétricas. Para el análisis descriptivo se realizaron las pruebas de Chi Cuadrado y exacta de Fisher, y para el análisis multivariado, se calculó la razón de prevalencia mediante regresión de Poisson en modelos crudos y ajustados. Todas las pruebas estadísticas se realizaron considerando un valor de p<0,05 como significativo y con un nivel de confianza de 95%. Resultados. Se analizaron los datos de 163 gestantes con COVID-19, de las cuales el 9,2% tuvieron RPMP, todas fueron casos sintomáticos. Los casos leves de COVID-19 tuvieron 1,10 veces la probabilidad de presentar RPMP (RPa=1,10; IC95%: 1,02−1,18) y los casos moderados/severos tuvieron 1,64 veces esta probabilidad (RPa=1,64; IC95%: 1,43−1,87), en comparación con los casos asintomáticos. Conclusiones. Se identificó que un mayor grado de severidad de la infección por COVID-19 durante el embarazo se asoció a una mayor probabilidad de tener RPMP.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To determine the association between the degree of severity of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) in a level III hospital in Peru. Materials and Methods. Cross-sectional, analytical and observational study in women older than 18 years diagnosed with COVID-19 infection during pregnancy, between the years 2020 and 2022. Clinical and obstetric variables were collected. The chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used for the descriptive analysis. For the multivariate analysis, we calculated the prevalence ratio by using Poisson regression in crude and adjusted models. All statistical tests were performed considering a value of p<0.05 as significant and with a confidence level of 95%. Results. We analyzed data from 163 pregnant women with COVID-19, of which 9.2% had PPROM; all were symptomatic cases. Mild COVID-19 cases were 1.10 times more likely to have PPROM (RPa=1.10; 95%CI: 1.02-1.18) and moderate/severe cases were 1.64 times more likely (RPa=1.64; 95%CI: 1.43-1.87), compared to asymptomatic cases. Conclusions. We identified that a higher degree of severity of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy was associated with a higher probability of having PPROM.

ABSTRACT Health Technologies (HT) are important to make appropriate decisions in the field of health. The need to standardize TS evaluations is highlighted, since there are currently differences in the methods and recommendations used. In addition, the lack of trained human resources to carry out these evaluations is mentioned, as well as the long times they can take. Therefore, it is essential to prioritize the technologies to be evaluated to maximize available resources. In Latin America, the health technology prioritization process presents various barriers, such as the lack of an explicit and formal prioritization process in most countries. These barriers include fragmentation of health services, disagreement among stakeholders, and fear of reduced discretion in decision-making. Despite these difficulties, prioritization processes have been developed based on different methodological frameworks, which must be transparent, systematic, efficient, explicit and consensual. Therefore, it is necessary to have reference frameworks to evaluate the impact of these technologies on healthcare. The importance of declaring conflicts of interest in the evaluation of health technologies and how industry influence can affect the evaluation process is highlighted. Furthermore, the need to standardize evaluation methodologies and instruments is highlighted to improve the quality and comparability of STDs.

RESUMEN Las Tecnologías Sanitarias (TS) son importantes para tomar decisiones adecuadas en el ámbito de la salud. Se destaca la necesidad de estandarizar las evaluaciones de las TS, ya que actualmente existen diferencias en los métodos y recomendaciones utilizados. Además, se menciona la falta de recursos humanos capacitados para llevar a cabo estas evaluaciones, así como los tiempos prolongados que pueden tomar. Por lo tanto, es fundamental priorizar las tecnologías a evaluar para maximizar los recursos disponibles. En América Latina, el proceso de priorización de tecnologías sanitarias presenta diversas barreras, como la falta de un proceso explícito y formal de priorización en la mayoría de los países. Estas barreras incluyen la fragmentación de los servicios de salud, el desacuerdo de los actores involucrados y el temor a una reducción de la discrecionalidad en la toma de decisiones. A pesar de estas dificultades, se han desarrollado procesos de priorización basados en diferentes marcos metodológicos, que deben ser transparentes, sistemáticos, eficientes, explícitos y consensuados. Por lo tanto, es necesario contar con marcos referenciales para evaluar el impacto de estas tecnologías en la atención sanitaria. Se destaca la importancia de declarar los conflictos de interés en la evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias y cómo la influencia de la industria puede afectar el proceso de evaluación. Además, se resalta la necesidad de estandarizar metodologías e instrumentos de evaluación para mejorar la calidad y comparabilidad de las ETS.

RESUMEN Objetivos. Evaluar la asociación entre rinitis alérgica y el grado de compromiso pulmonar en pacientes con COVID-19 y evaluar las frecuencias de las variables principales. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de tipo observacional, transversal y analítico mediante la revisión de historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia entre el año 2020 y 2021 con diagnóstico de COVID-19. Se determinó el antecedente de rinitis alérgica, y el compromiso pulmonar se evaluó mediante una tomografía sin contraste usando el puntaje tomográfico (PT), además de, variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Se estimaron razones de prevalencias tanto crudas (RP) como ajustadas (RPa) con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza (IC) al 95% y se empleó un modelo lineal generalizado de la familia Poisson con función de enlace logarítmica y varianzas robustas. Resultados. Se evaluaron 434 pacientes predominantemente varones, mayores de 60 años y sin antecedentes médicos relevantes. El 56,2% tenía el antecedente de rinitis alérgica y el 43,1% tuvo un compromiso pulmonar moderado a severo. En el modelo de regresión ajustado, se encontró que el antecedente de rinitis alérgica disminuyó la gravedad de COVID-19 evaluada a través del compromiso pulmonar según el PT (RPa: 0,70; IC 95%: 0,56-0,88; p=0,002). Conclusiones. El antecedente de rinitis alérgica representó una disminución en la gravedad de COVID-19 según el PT score del 30,0% en pacientes hospitalizados.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To evaluate the association between allergic rhinitis and the degree of pulmonary involvement in patients with COVID-19 and to determine the frequencies of the main variables. Materials and methods. An observational, cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out by reviewing the medical records of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from the Cayetano Heredia National Hospital between 2020 and 2021. We obtained information regarding the history of allergic rhinitis; pulmonary involvement was assessed by non-contrast tomography results using the chest computed tomography (CT) score. Data regarding sociodemographic and clinical variables was also obtained. Both crude (PR) and adjusted (aPR) prevalence ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. We also used a generalized linear Poisson family model with log link function and robust variances. Results. We evaluated 434 patients, who were mostly male, older than 60 years and had no relevant medical history. Of these, 56.2% had a history of allergic rhinitis and 43.1% had moderate to severe pulmonary involvement. The adjusted regression model showed that the history of allergic rhinitis reduced the severity of COVID-19 according to the pulmonary involvement assessed by the CT score (aPR: 0.70; 95%CI: 0.56-0.88; p=0.002). Conclusions. The history of allergic rhinitis resulted in a 30.0% decrease in COVID-19 severity according to the CT score in hospitalized patients.

RESUMEN Objetivos. Determinar la asociación entre los síntomas de la infección por la COVID-19 y los resultados materno-perinatales adversos en gestantes de un hospital de referencia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal analítico en gestantes en el tercer trimestre, hospitalizadas por la COVID-19 en el área de ginecología y obstetricia de un hospital general de Lima, en el 2020. Se recogieron variables clínicas y obstétricas. Para el análisis descriptivo se empleó la prueba exacta de Fisher y Chi Cuadrado, y para hallar la asociación entre las variables de interés se usó la regresión de Poisson, con un intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC95%). Resultados. Se incluyeron a 272 gestantes, de ellas el 50,3% tuvieron síntomas de infección. El 35,7% de las gestantes y el 16,5% de los recién nacidos tuvieron un resultado adverso. Tener síntomas de la infección por la COVID-19 aumentó el riesgo de complicaciones maternas en su conjunto (RP= 2,32 IC95%: 1,61-3,34), de ruptura prematura de membranas (RP= 2,73 IC95%: 1,51-4,94) y de preeclampsia (RP= 2,73 IC95%: 1,51-4,94). De igual forma, aumentó el riesgo de complicaciones perinatales en su conjunto (RP= 2,51 IC95%: 1,34-4,68) y de sufrimiento fetal agudo (RP= 2,99 IC95%: 1,07-8,38). Conclusiones. Los síntomas de la infección por la COVID-19 aumentan el riesgo de resultados materno-perinatales adversos.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To determine the association between symptoms of COVID-19 infection and adverse maternal-perinatal outcomes in pregnant women from a referral hospital. Materials and methods. Analytical cross-sectional study of women in the third trimester of pregnancy hospitalized due to COVID-19 in the gynecology and obstetrics area of a general hospital in Lima during 2020. Clinical and obstetric variables were collected. Fisher’s exact test and Chi-square test were used during the descriptive analysis. Poisson regression was used to find the association between the variables of interest, with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Results. A total of 272 pregnant women were included, 50.3% of whom had symptoms of infection. Of these, 35.7% of the pregnant women and 16.5% of the newborns had an adverse outcome. Having symptoms of COVID-19 infection increased the risk of maternal complications as a whole (PR= 2.32 95%CI: 1.61-3.34), premature rupture of membranes (PR= 2.73 95%CI: 1.51-4.94) and preeclampsia (PR= 2.73 95%CI: 1.51-4.94). Similarly, symptoms of COVID-19 infection increased the risk of perinatal complications as a whole (PR= 2.51 95%CI: 1.34-4.68) and acute fetal distress (PR= 2.99 95%CI: 1.07-8.38). Conclusions. The presence of symptoms of COVID-19 infection increase the risk of adverse maternal-perinatal outcomes.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To evaluate the association between allergic rhinitis and the degree of pulmonary involvement in patients with COVID-19 and to determine the frequencies of the main variables. Materials and methods. An observational, cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out by reviewing the medical records of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from the Cayetano Heredia National Hospital between 2020 and 2021. We obtained information regarding the history of allergic rhinitis; pulmonary involvement was assessed by non-contrast tomography results using the chest computed tomography (CT) score. Data regarding sociodemographic and clinical variables was also obtained. Both crude (PR) and adjusted (aPR) prevalence ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. We also used a generalized linear Poisson family model with log link function and robust variances. Results. We evaluated 434 patients, who were mostly male, older than 60 years and had no relevant medical history. Of these, 56.2% had a history of allergic rhinitis and 43.1% had moderate to severe pulmonary involvement. The adjusted regression model showed that the history of allergic rhinitis reduced the severity of COVID-19 according to the pulmonary involvement assessed by the CT score (aPR: 0.70; 95%CI: 0.56-0.88; p=0.002). Conclusions. The history of allergic rhinitis resulted in a 30.0% decrease in COVID-19 severity according to the CT score in hospitalized patients.

RESUMEN Objetivos. Evaluar la asociación entre rinitis alérgica y el grado de compromiso pulmonar en pacientes con COVID-19 y evaluar las frecuencias de las variables principales. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de tipo observacional, transversal y analítico mediante la revisión de historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia entre el año 2020 y 2021 con diagnóstico de COVID-19. Se determinó el antecedente de rinitis alérgica, y el compromiso pulmonar se evaluó mediante una tomografía sin contraste usando el puntaje tomográfico (PT), además de, variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Se estimaron razones de prevalencias tanto crudas (RP) como ajustadas (RPa) con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza (IC) al 95% y se empleó un modelo lineal generalizado de la familia Poisson con función de enlace logarítmica y varianzas robustas. Resultados. Se evaluaron 434 pacientes predominantemente varones, mayores de 60 años y sin antecedentes médicos relevantes. El 56,2% tenía el antecedente de rinitis alérgica y el 43,1% tuvo un compromiso pulmonar moderado a severo. En el modelo de regresión ajustado, se encontró que el antecedente de rinitis alérgica disminuyó la gravedad de COVID-19 evaluada a través del compromiso pulmonar según el PT (RPa: 0,70; IC 95%: 0,56-0,88; p=0,002). Conclusiones. El antecedente de rinitis alérgica representó una disminución en la gravedad de COVID-19 según el PT score del 30,0% en pacientes hospitalizados.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To determine the association between symptoms of COVID-19 infection and adverse maternal-perinatal outcomes in pregnant women from a referral hospital. Materials and methods. Analytical cross-sectional study of women in the third trimester of pregnancy hospitalized due to COVID-19 in the gynecology and obstetrics area of a general hospital in Lima during 2020. Clinical and obstetric variables were collected. Fisher’s exact test and Chi-square test were used during the descriptive analysis. Poisson regression was used to find the association between the variables of interest, with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Results. A total of 272 pregnant women were included, 50.3% of whom had symptoms of infection. Of these, 35.7% of the pregnant women and 16.5% of the newborns had an adverse outcome. Having symptoms of COVID-19 infection increased the risk of maternal complications as a whole (PR= 2.32 95%CI: 1.61-3.34), premature rupture of membranes (PR= 2.73 95%CI: 1.51-4.94) and preeclampsia (PR= 2.73 95%CI: 1.51-4.94). Similarly, symptoms of COVID-19 infection increased the risk of perinatal complications as a whole (PR= 2.51 95%CI: 1.34-4.68) and acute fetal distress (PR= 2.99 95%CI: 1.07-8.38). Conclusions. The presence of symptoms of COVID-19 infection increase the risk of adverse maternal-perinatal outcomes.

RESUMEN Objetivos. Determinar la asociación entre los síntomas de la infección por la COVID-19 y los resultados materno-perinatales adversos en gestantes de un hospital de referencia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal analítico en gestantes en el tercer trimestre, hospitalizadas por la COVID-19 en el área de ginecología y obstetricia de un hospital general de Lima, en el 2020. Se recogieron variables clínicas y obstétricas. Para el análisis descriptivo se empleó la prueba exacta de Fisher y Chi Cuadrado, y para hallar la asociación entre las variables de interés se usó la regresión de Poisson, con un intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC95%). Resultados. Se incluyeron a 272 gestantes, de ellas el 50,3% tuvieron síntomas de infección. El 35,7% de las gestantes y el 16,5% de los recién nacidos tuvieron un resultado adverso. Tener síntomas de la infección por la COVID-19 aumentó el riesgo de complicaciones maternas en su conjunto (RP= 2,32 IC95%: 1,61-3,34), de ruptura prematura de membranas (RP= 2,73 IC95%: 1,51-4,94) y de preeclampsia (RP= 2,73 IC95%: 1,51-4,94). De igual forma, aumentó el riesgo de complicaciones perinatales en su conjunto (RP= 2,51 IC95%: 1,34-4,68) y de sufrimiento fetal agudo (RP= 2,99 IC95%: 1,07-8,38). Conclusiones. Los síntomas de la infección por la COVID-19 aumentan el riesgo de resultados materno-perinatales adversos.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Albuminuria is a risk factor for microvascular and macrovascular complications in the diabetic population. However, few studies have correlated poor glycemic control and albuminuria prevalence in Hispanic populations. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between glycemic control and albuminuria among Peruvian adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional analytical study among adults with T2DM in Lima, Peru. METHODS: We included adults over 18 years old who were in a clinical follow-up program at a private clinic in Lima in 2018. Poor glycemic control was defined as a serum value of glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) ≥ 7%. Albuminuria was defined as albumin values > 30 mg/dl in the first morning urine. We generated generalized linear regression models from the Poisson family with robust variance. We calculated the crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) with their 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: We analyzed 907 participants of median age 58 years (interquartile range, IQR 49 to 66), and 62.8% were males. The prevalence of poor glycemic control was 39.8%, and the prevalence of albuminuria was 22.7%. The prevalences of albuminuria in groups with poor glycemic control and adequate glycemic control were 32.7% and 16.1%, respectively. In the adjusted regression analysis, we found a statistically significant association between poor glycemic control and albuminuria (annual percentage rate, aPR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.28-2.27). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of poor glycemic control and albuminuria was high in our study population. Moreover, Peruvian T2DM adults with poor glycemic control were more likely to have albuminuria.

ABSTRACT Background: One of the impact indicators of priorities in health research-setting is the scientific production that refers to these priorities. EsSalud raised nine priority research topics (PRT) and 20 priority research questions (PRQ) for the 2017-2019 period. We assess the alignment to these research priorities in the scientific articles published during the 2017-2020 period by EsSalud, and we characterize those financed by this institution. Material and Methods: Analysis of the scientific articles registered in the EsSalud scientific production database for the period 2017-2020. We used a standardized methodology and in duplicate to evaluate the alignment of a scientific article to the PRT and PRQ 2017-2019 of EsSalud. The evaluation of the alignment to the PRQs is only carried out in original articles and congress summaries. We report alignment frequencies to each PRT and PRQ, and we report the frequency of alignment to at least one PRT according to the articles' characteristics. In addition, the characteristics of the articles financed by EsSalud were reported. Results: 170 out of 1283 articles were aligned to at least one PRT. Eight of the twenty PRQs went unanswered. Articles with authors who belong to or received funding from IETSI-EsSalud had the highest alignment rate. Finally, the highly cited articles financed by EsSalud were mainly observational studies, clinical practice guidelines and systematic reviews. Conclusion: The articles published by EsSalud during 2017 to 2020 have low alignment with institutional research priorities. Furthermore, it is necessary a process of implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of research priorities in the institution.

RESUMEN Introducción: Uno de los indicadores del impacto del establecimiento de prioridades en investigación en salud es la producción científica. EsSalud planteó nueve temas de investigación prioritarios (TIP) y 20 preguntas de investigación prioritarias (PIP) 2017-2019. Evaluamos el alineamiento a estas prioridades de investigación en los artículos científicos publicados con filiación de EsSalud durante 2017-2020, y caracterizamos aquellos financiados por esta institución. Material y Métodos: Análisis de los artículos científicos registrados en la base de datos de producción científica de EsSalud 2017-2020. Empleamos una metodología estandarizada y por duplicado para evaluar el alineamiento a los TIP y PIP 2017-2019 de EsSalud. La evaluación del alineamiento a las PIP sólo lo realizamos en artículos originales y resúmenes de congreso. Reportamos frecuencias de alineamiento a cada TIP y PIP, y frecuencia de alineamiento a por lo menos un TIP según características de los artículos. Además, se reportó las características de los artículos financiados por EsSalud. Resultados: Un total de 170 de 1283 artículos se alinearon a al menos un TIP. Ocho de las veinte PIP no fueron respondidas. Los artículos con autores que pertenecen o recibieron financiamiento del IETSI-EsSalud tuvieron la mayor tasa de alineación. Finalmente, los artículos financiados por EsSalud fueron principalmente estudios observacionales, guías de práctica clínica y revisiones sistemáticas. Conclusión: Los artículos científicos publicados con filiación de EsSalud durante el 2017 al 2020 tienen baja alineación con las prioridades de investigación de la institución. Por lo tanto, es necesario generar un proceso de gestión de implementación, seguimiento y evaluación de las prioridades de investigación en la institución.