Abstract Introduction. Cocoa cultivation in tropical areas is a commercially viable agroecological alternative that allows for productive diversification and sustainable soil management through the use of organic fertilization. Objective. To evaluate the development of four cocoa varieties (INIFAP 4, INIFAP 8, INIFAP 9, and Almendra Blanca) under the climatic conditions of the Úrsulo Galván region, Veracruz, Mexico. Materials and methods. An experiment was conducted between winter (December 2021) and summer (June 2022), using a completely randomized design with four treatments and ten replications. Conventional agronomic management was employed, with the addition of 10 kg of compost per tree, followed by 3 kg of vermicompost. At four months into the study, 50 g of urea, 50 g of ammonium diphosphate, and 50 g of potassium chloride were incorporated. The study included analysis of variance and Tukey’s tests (α 0.05). Results. Statistical equality was found for height, diameter, and number of branches. The cocoa’s response to temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and wind showed that these factors influenced the expression of its productive potential, as well as its morphology and yield, without adapting to the climatic conditions under study. Conclusion. The development of the studied varieties was homogeneous based on the climatic conditions of the Ursulo Galvan region, with the Almendra Blanca variety standing out.

Resumen Introducción. El cultivo del cacao en las zonas tropicales es una alternativa comercial de interés agroecológico, que permite la diversificación productiva y el manejo sustentable de los suelos al emplear abonado orgánico. Objetivo. Evaluar el desarrollo de cuatro variedades de cacao (INIFAP 4, INIFAP 8, INIFAP 9 y Almendra Blanca) en las condiciones climatológicas de la región de Úrsulo Galván, Veracruz, México. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un experimento, entre invierno (diciembre 2021) y verano (junio 2022), bajo un diseño completamente al azar, distribuido en cuatro tratamientos y diez repeticiones. El manejo agronómico fue convencional, se agregaron 10 kg de composta por árbol, seguidos de 3 kg de vermicompost. A los cuatro meses del estudio se incorporaron 50 g de urea, 50 g de difosfato de amonio y 50 g de cloruro de potasio. El estudio incluyó análisis de varianza y pruebas de Tukey (α 0,05). Resultados. Se encontró igualdad estadística para altura, diámetro y número de ramas. La respuesta del cacao a temperatura, precipitación, humedad relativa y viento, demostró que afectaron la expresión de su potencial productivo, así como su morfología y rendimiento, no adaptándose a las condiciones climáticas en estudio. Conclusión. El desarrollo de las variedades en estudio fue homogéneo, con base en las condiciones climatológicas de la región Úrsulo Galván, destacándose la variedad Almendra Blanca.

ABSTRACT Traditional agroecosystems (TA) are considered more resilient to climatic extremes due to higher crop diversity and agroecological approach. The TA of Tének were studied to evaluate their drought tolerance. Open-ended questionnaire surveys, field visits, and botanical collections, with the participation of local farmers, were considered. Cultivated plant diversity was analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’), and the Morisita-Horn index (CMH) in ten different agroecosystems in April and August. Remote sensing methods included the triangular greenness index (TGI). Additionally, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and standardized precipitation index (SPI) were determined, covering the period from 2013 to 2022. The cultivated plant richness (P > 0.5382) and their abundance (P > 0.3622) did not change from April to August considering the total analyzed parcels. However, differences between types of agroecosystems were observed because higher diversity corresponded to managed jungle (teʼlom) (Hʼ = 1.5-1.7), and some parcels cultivated with maize (milpa) (Hʼ = 1.02-1.54). Nevertheless, in August, lower similarity was observed in milpa (CMH = 0.23-0.87) due to the absence of maize (Zea mays L.) and other herbaceous annual crops. Landscape interconnection can be affirmed with TGI correlations obtained by comparison of different TA. The negative SPI values were associated with a decrease of NDVI, but Tének polyculture agroecosystems maintained higher NDVI values compared to rainfed monocropping during the analyzed period. Tének polyculture agroecosystems exhibited higher drought tolerance, although maize and other herbaceous plants are susceptible to disappearing during prolonged drought events, thereby increasing food insecurity.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Las cardiopatías congénitas (CC) pueden ser encontradas en mujeres embarazadas. Si bien las intervenciones cardiacas en el laboratorio de hemodinamia son consideradas seguras y efectivas, se prefiere esperar 3-6 meses luego del parto para corregir las CC simples, no complicadas; sin embargo, esto puede resultar en pérdidas en el seguimiento. El objetivo es mostrar nuestra experiencia en la corrección de CC durante el puerperio temprano (PT). Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron todos los casos de gestantes con CC tipo comunicación interauricular (CIA), ductus arterioso persistente (DAP) y coartación aórtica (CoA) entre 2017-2023, llevadas a corrección percutánea del defecto durante el PT. Resultados. Se incluyeron 15 gestantes con diagnóstico de CIA (5), DAP (6) y CoA (4). Cinco pacientes (33,3%) se clasificaron como riesgo OMSm IV; el procedimiento fue exitoso en el 80% de los casos y solo 1 paciente presentó complicaciones. Conclusiones. En nuestra experiencia el cierre de defectos congénitos no complejos durante el PT no presentó complicaciones mayores y podria ser una estrategia de tratamiento para evitar pérdidas en el seguimiento posterior al parto de gestantes con CC.

ABSTRACT Objetive. Congenital heart diseases (CHD) can be found in pregnant women. Although cardiac interventions in the catheterization laboratory are considered safe and effective, it is preferable to wait 3-6 months after delivery to correct simple, uncomplicated CHD; however, this may result in follow-up losses. The objective is to present our experience in correcting CHD during the early puerperium (EP). Materials and methods. All cases of pregnant women with CHD, including atrial septal defect (ASD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and aortic coarctation (CoA) between 2017-2023, who underwent percutaneous defect correction during the EP were collected. Results. Fifteen pregnant women were included, diagnosed with ASD (5), PDA (6), and CoA (4). Five patients (33.3%) were classified as WHO risk class IV; the procedure was successful in 80% of the cases, and only 1 patient presented complications. Conclusions. In our experience, the closure of uncomplicated congenital defects during the EP did not present major complications and could be a treatment strategy to prevent follow-up losses after delivery in pregnant women with CHD.

Resumen La diversidad genética es importante para la adaptación de una especie a los cambios ambientales, por lo que el conocimiento del nivel y distribución de la diversidad es útil para elaborar estrategias de conservación y manejo de una especie; sin embargo, la información sobre diversidad genética es escasa para especies arbóreas que habitan en el bosque tropical caducifolio, como es el caso de lináloe [Bursera linanoe (La Llave) Rzed., Calderón & Medina], una especie que crece en dos subprovincias bióticas en el bosque tropical seco de los estados de Guerrero, Morelos, Puebla y Oaxaca en México. Por lo anterior, el objetivo del presente estudio fue estimar la diversidad y estructura genética de Bursera linanoe en poblaciones naturales en dos subprovincias bióticas. En 2019 se recolectó follaje de 92 árboles de lináloe en cuatro poblaciones en las subprovincias bióticas Balsasana y Cañadiana. Posteriormente, el ADN se extrajo del follaje con el protocolo CTAB. Cinco intermicrosatélites (ISSR) se utilizaron, y los fragmentos fueron separados en geles de agarosa. Los siguientes estimadores de diversidad genética se calcularon: porcentaje de loci polimórficos (P), heterocigosidad esperada (He), número efectivo de alelos por locus (Ne) e índice de Shannon (IS); además, se estimó el FST de Wright y se realizó un análisis de varianza molecular (AMOVA). También, la estructura genética se evaluó con el software STRUCTURE. Los valores de los estimadores de la diversidad genética para lináloe fueron: P = 100 %, He = 0.352, Ne = 1.618 e IS = 0.522, el valor de FST fue 0.160. La partición de la diversidad genética fue de 74 % dentro de poblaciones, 21 % entre poblaciones y 5 % entre subprovincias. Cuatro grupos (K) se formaron con los árboles de lináloe de las cuatro poblaciones. El número de migrantes fue 1.3 por generación. Se encontró una diversidad genética alta y una diferenciación alta entre poblaciones de Bursera linanoe.

Summary Genetic diversity is important for the adaptation of a species to environmental changes, thus knowledge of the level and distribution of diversity is useful for developing conservation and management strategies for a species; however, information on genetic diversity is scarce for tree species that habit in the tropical deciduous forest as is case of linaloe [Bursera linanoe (La Llave) Rzed., Calderón & Medina], a species that grows in two biotic subprovinces in the dry tropical forest of the states of Guerrero, Morelos, Puebla and Oaxaca in Mexico. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity and structure of Bursera linanoe in natural populations at two biotic subprovinces. In 2019, foliage was collected from 92 linaloe trees in four populations of the biotic subprovinces Balsasana and Cañadiana. Subsequently, the DNA was extracted from the foliage with the CTAB protocol. Five inter-microsatellites (ISSR) were used, and the fragments were separated on agarose gels. The following estimators of genetic diversity were calculated: percentage of polymorphic loci (P), expected heterozygosity (He), effective number of alleles per locus (Ne) and Shannon index (SI). In addition, the Wright’s FST was estimated, and an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was performed. Also, the genetic structure was evaluated with the STRUCTURE software. The values of the genetic diversity estimators were P = 100 %, He = 0.352, Ne = 1.618 and SI = 0.522, the FST value was 0.160. The partition of genetic diversity was 74 % within populations, 21 % between populations and 5 % between subprovinces. Four groups (K) were formed with the linaloe trees of the four populations. The number of migrants was 1.3 per generation. High genetic diversity and high genetic differentiation between population of Bursera linanoe were found.

Abstract In Mexico, the nutrients to the corn crop are supplied with chemical fertilizers, however, the price of these inputs requires looking for other alternatives to reduce costs, without reducing production. The objective of this work was to determine the individual and combined effect of Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus subtilis, and Serendipita indica, (eight treatments) on corn production. The crop was established in Zacatecas, Mexico, under greenhouse conditions, in the year 2022. The microorganism's inoculation was carried out at the sowing time. The eight treatments with microorganisms were evaluated in an experimental design in randomized blocks with four repetitions. With the co-inoculation of A. brasilense and S. indica the yield of the entire plant was increased, and the highest grain yield with A. brasilense and B. subtilis, this last increased, compared with the control treatment, it was 40%.

Resumen El aporte de nutrimentos al cultivo de maíz en México es principalmente con fertilizantes químicos, sin embargo, el precio de estos insumos requiere buscar otras alternativas para abatir los costos, sin disminuir la producción. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el efecto individual y combinado de Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus subtilis y Serendipita indica (ocho tratamientos) en la producción de maíz. El cultivo se estableció en Cieneguillas, Zacatecas, en condiciones de invernadero, en el año 2022. La inoculación de los microorganismos se realizó al momento de la siembra. Los ocho tratamientos con los microorganismos se evaluaron en un diseño experimental en bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Con la co-inoculación de A. brasilense + S. indica se incrementó el rendimiento de toda la planta y el mayor rendimiento de grano con A. brasilense + B. subtilis, este último incremento, respecto al testigo, fue de 40%.

ABSTRACT Mechanization is of great relevance in the development of the agricultural sector, as a tool that facilitates agricultural activities with quality and speed and a significant increase in the productivity and competitiveness of this sector, in the case of the province of Manabí in Ecuador this aspect becomes more relevant because this sector has a substantial weight in its economic and social life. The objective of the research was to carry out a diagnosis of agricultural mechanization competencies in the cantons of the central zone of Manabí. The methodology used consisted of several stages, which made it possible to evaluate the factors that characterize the competencies of agricultural mechanization in the area under study: human factor, machinery, operating conditions and infrastructure and financing. For the collection of information, surveys based on the factors under analysis were prepared and applied to agricultural producers and owners/entrepreneurs who provide mechanization services in the central zone of Manabí. The results of the diagnosis in the selected sample show that only 41% of the agricultural activities are being carried out with the use of agricultural machinery and that 20% of the producers have their own means to carry out agricultural activities, among other relevant aspects. As a whole, the results allowed concluding that the agricultural mechanization skills in the central zone of the province of Manabí present undesirable low levels that limit its productivity.

RESUMEN La mecanización es de gran relevancia en el desarrollo del sector agrícola, como una herramienta que facilita las actividades agrícolas con calidad y rapidez y un incremento significativo de la productividad y competitividad de este sector, en el caso de la provincia de Manabí en Ecuador este aspecto se hace más relevante por tener este sector un peso sustancial en su vida económica y social. El objetivo de la investigación fue realizar un diagnóstico de las competencias de mecanización agrícola en los cantones de la zona central de Manabí. La metodología utilizada consta de varias etapas, las que permitieron evaluar los factores que caracterizan las competencias de la mecanización agrícola en la zona objeto de estudio: factor humano, maquinaria, condiciones de operación e infraestructura y financiamiento. Para la recolección de la información se elaboraron y aplicaron encuestas basada en los factores objetos de análisis dirigidas a los productores agrícolas y a los propietarios/empresarios prestadores de servicios de mecanización de la zona central de Manabí. Los resultados del diagnóstico en la muestra seleccionada muestran que solo el 41 % de las actividades agrícolas se están realizando con el uso de la maquinaria agrícola y que un 20 % de los productores tienen medios propios para realizar las actividades agrícolas, entre otros aspectos relevantes. En su conjunto, los resultados permitieron concluir que las competencias de mecanización agrícola en la zona central de la provincia de Manabí presentan niveles bajos no deseados que limitan su productividad.

ABSTRACT Foundation: Innovative strategies include process management to prevent workers from being prone to difficulties in their performance due to the psychological impact. It is necessary for the administration to adopt learning processes for the development of social skills that allow the care of the mental health of workers and counteract the negative effect of the psychological impact. Objective: To determine the influence on the psychological impact of innovative strategies with social skills to care for mental health developed through inquiry learning in process management. Methods: The research had a cross-sectional, non-experimental design, with a descriptive and correlational scope and a quantitative approach. The sample was 64 workers from the deputy management of education, health and sports of a municipality. To collect information on the defined variables, questionnaires used in research carried out in Peru were used. The null hypothesis was: in the psychological impact does not influence the innovative strategies on process management of social skills acquired through inquiry learning to care for the mental health of workers in a municipality in Peru. Results: There was a relationship between the psychological impact and the innovative strategies on process management determined by the social skills acquired through inquiry learning to care for mental health; with a ratio of 0.86 and a significance level of 0.000. Conclusions: There is a high influence on the psychological impact of innovative strategies that include process management of social skills developed through inquiry learning to care for the mental health of workers.

RESUMEN Fundamento: Las estrategias innovadoras incluyen a la gestión por procesos para evitar que trabajadores resulten propensos a tener dificultades en su desempeño a causa del impacto psicológico. Resulta necesario que la administración adopte procesos de aprendizaje para el desarrollo de habilidades sociales que permitan el cuidado de la salud mental de los trabajadores y contrarrestar el efecto negativo del impacto psicológico. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia en el impacto psicológico de las estrategias innovadoras con habilidades sociales para cuidar la salud mental desarrolladas mediante el aprendizaje por indagación en la gestión por procesos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, no experimental, con alcance descriptivo y correlacional y un enfoque cuantitativo. La muestra fue de 64 trabajadores de la subgerencia de educación, salud y deportes de una municipalidad. Para la recopilación de la información de las variables definidas se utilizaron cuestionarios empleados en investigaciones efectuadas en Perú. La hipótesis nula fue: no influye en el impacto psicológico las estrategias innovadoras que incluyen la gestión por procesos de habilidades sociales adquiridas mediante aprendizaje por indagación para cuidar la salud mental de los trabajadores de una municipalidad del Perú. Resultados: Existió una relación entre el impacto psicológico y las estrategias innovadoras que incluyen la gestión por procesos, determinada por las habilidades sociales adquiridas mediante el aprendizaje por indagación para cuidar la salud mental; con una relación de 0,86 y un nivel de significación de 0,000. Conclusiones: Existe alta influencia en el impacto psicológico de las estrategias innovadoras que incluyen a la gestión por procesos de las habilidades sociales desarrolladas mediante el aprendizaje por indagación para cuidar la salud mental de los trabajadores.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) are unwanted clinical or laboratory manifestations that are related to drug use. ADR are common and are associated with significant risk of morbidity, mortality and hospital admissions. Antipsychotics have a reduced therapeutic window, and have been related to the manifestation of a variety of ADR. Objetive: To evaluate the pattern of ADRs due to antipsychotic drugs detected in patients treated at the Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry between December 2021 and May 2022. Methods: Observational, descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study of a series of cases. The seriousness, severity, and quality of the information in the notification of the ADR were defined in accordance with NOM-220-SSA1-2016, Installation and Operation of Pharmacovigilance, while causality was determined using the Naranjo algorithm. Results: The incidence of ADRs was 59%, with one or more ADR detected in 52 of the 88 patients who were receiving antipsychotic treatment during the study period. Forty-five percent of the ADR had probable causality and 55% possible; only three ADR were classified as serious as they prolonged the hospital stay and endangered the patient's life. Conclusions: The ADR of the gastrointestinal and endocrine systems were the most incidental, with hyperprolactinemia being the most frequent. Olanzapine and clozapine were the medications that caused the most ADR. It is recommended to promote the culture of notification and follow-up of ADR caused by antipsychotic drugs.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las reacciones adversas a medicamentos (RAM) son manifestaciones clínicas o de laboratorio no deseadas que se relacionan con el consumo de medicamentos. Las RAM se asocian con un riesgo significativo de morbimortalidad e ingresos hospitalarios. Los antipsicóticos poseen una reducida ventana terapéutica y se han relacionado con la manifestación de una diversidad de RAM. Objetivo: Evaluar el patrón de las RAM debido a fármacos antipsicóticos, detectadas en pacientes atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz entre diciembre de 2021 y mayo de 2022. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal de una serie de casos. La gravedad, la severidad y la calidad de la información de la notificación de las RAM se definieron conforme a la NOM-220-SSA1-2016, instalación y operación de la farmacovigilancia, mientras que la causalidad se determinó mediante el algoritmo de Naranjo. Resultados: La incidencia de las RAM fue del 59% y se detectó una o más RAM en 52 de los 88 pacientes que estaban en tratamiento antipsicótico durante el periodo de estudio. El 45% de las RAM tuvo una causalidad probable y el 55%, posible; únicamente tres RAM se clasificaron como graves, debido a que prolongaron la estancia hospitalaria y pusieron en peligro la vida del paciente. Conclusiones: Las RAM de los sistemas gastrointestinal y endocrino fueron las más incidentes, y la hiperprolactinemia fue la más frecuente. La olanzapina y clozapina fueron los medicamentos que más RAM provocaron. Se recomienda fomentar la cultura de notificación y seguimiento de RAM causadas por fármacos antipsicóticos.

ABSTRACT Objective: Patients with acute respiratory failure often require mechanical ventilation to reduce the work of breathing and improve gas exchange; however, this may exacerbate lung injury. Protective ventilation strategies, characterized by low tidal volumes (≤ 8mL/kg of predicted body weight) and limited plateau pressure below 30cmH2O, have shown improved outcomes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, in the transition to spontaneous ventilation, it can be challenging to maintain tidal volume within protective levels, and it is unclear whether low tidal volumes during spontaneous ventilation impact patient outcomes. We developed a study protocol to estimate the prevalence of low tidal volume ventilation in the first 24 hours of spontaneous ventilation in patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure and its association with ventilator-free days and survival. Methods: We designed a multicenter, multinational, cohort study with a 28-day follow-up that will include patients with acute respiratory failure, defined as a partial oxygen pressure/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio < 300mmHg, in transition to spontaneous ventilation in intensive care units in Latin America. Results: We plan to include 422 patients in ten countries. The primary outcomes are the prevalence of low tidal volume in the first 24 hours of spontaneous ventilation and ventilator-free days on day 28. The secondary outcomes are intensive care unit and hospital mortality, incidence of asynchrony and return to controlled ventilation and sedation. Conclusion: In this study, we will assess the prevalence of low tidal volume during spontaneous ventilation and its association with clinical outcomes, which can inform clinical practice and future clinical trials. Objective exchange however injury strategies ≤ ( 8mLkg mLkg 8mL kg mL weight 30cmH2O cmHO cmH O syndrome However levels 2 ventilatorfree ventilator free survival Methods multicenter multinational 28day 28 followup follow up pressurefraction fraction 300mmHg mmHg America Results 42 countries mortality sedation Conclusion trials 4

RESUMO Objetivo: Pacientes com insuficiência respiratória aguda frequentemente necessitam de ventilação mecânica para reduzir o trabalho respiratório e melhorar a troca gasosa; no entanto, a ventilação mecânica pode exacerbar a lesão pulmonar. As estratégias de ventilação protetora, caracterizadas por baixo volume corrente (≤ 8mL/kg de peso corporal previsto) e pressão de platô limitada abaixo de 30cmH2O, mostraram melhores desfechos em pacientes com síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo. No entanto, na transição para a ventilação espontânea, manter o volume corrente dentro dos níveis de proteção pode ser desafiador, e não está claro se o volume corrente baixo durante a ventilação espontânea afeta os desfechos dos pacientes. Desenvolvemos um protocolo de estudo para estimar a prevalência de ventilação com volume corrente baixo nas primeiras 24 horas de ventilação espontânea em pacientes com insuficiência respiratória aguda hipoxêmica e sua associação com dias livres da ventilação mecânica e sobrevida. Métodos: Desenhamos um estudo de coorte multicêntrico, multinacional, com seguimento de 28 dias, que incluirá pacientes com insuficiência respiratória aguda, definida como pressão parcial de oxigênio/fração inspirada de oxigênio < 300mmHg, em transição para ventilação espontânea em unidades de terapia intensiva na América Latina. Resultados: Pretendemos incluir 422 pacientes em 10 países. Os desfechos primários são a prevalência de baixo volume corrente nas primeiras 24 horas de ventilação espontânea e dias livres da ventilação mecânica no dia 28. Os desfechos secundários são mortalidade hospitalar e na unidade de terapia intensiva, incidência de assincronia e retorno à ventilação controlada e sedação. Conclusão: Neste estudo, avaliaremos a prevalência de volume corrente baixo durante a ventilação espontânea e sua associação com os desfechos clínicos, o que pode informar a prática clínica e futuros ensaios clínicos. Objetivo gasosa entanto pulmonar protetora ≤ ( 8mLkg mLkg 8mL kg mL previsto 30cmH2O cmHO cmH O agudo desafiador 2 sobrevida Métodos multicêntrico multinacional oxigêniofração fração 300mmHg mmHg Latina Resultados 42 1 países sedação Conclusão clínicos 4

ABSTRACT Objective: To address the current practice of liberating patients from invasive mechanical ventilation in pediatric intensive care units, with a focus on the use of standardized protocols, criteria, parameters, and indications for noninvasive respiratory support postextubation. Methods: Electronic research was carried out from November 2021 to May 2022 in Ibero-American pediatric intensive care units. Physicians and respiratory therapists participated, with a single representative for each pediatric intensive care unit included. There were no interventions. Results: The response rate was 48.9% (138/282), representing 10 Ibero-American countries. Written invasive mechanical ventilation liberation protocols were available in only 34.1% (47/138) of the pediatric intensive care units, and their use was associated with the presence of respiratory therapists (OR 3.85; 95%CI 1.79 - 8.33; p = 0.0008). The most common method of liberation involved a gradual reduction in ventilatory support plus a spontaneous breathing trial (47.1%). The mean spontaneous breathing trial duration was 60 - 120 minutes in 64.8% of the responses. The presence of a respiratory therapist in the pediatric intensive care unit was the only variable associated with the use of a spontaneous breathing trial as the primary method of liberation from invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 5.1; 95%CI 2.1 - 12.5). Noninvasive respiratory support protocols were not frequently used postextubation (40.4%). Nearly half of the respondents (43.5%) reported a preference for using bilevel positive airway pressure as the mode of noninvasive ventilation postextubation. Conclusion: A high proportion of Ibero-American pediatric intensive care units lack liberation protocols. Our study highlights substantial variability in extubation readiness practices, underscoring the need for standardization in this process. However, the presence of a respiratory therapist was associated with increased adherence to guidelines. Objective criteria parameters Methods 202 IberoAmerican Ibero American participated included interventions Results 489 48 9 48.9 138/282, 138282 138/282 , 138 282 (138/282) 1 countries 341 34 34.1 47/138 47138 47 (47/138 OR 3.85 385 3 85 95CI CI 95 179 79 1.7 8.33 833 8 33 0.0008. 00008 0.0008 . 0 0008 0.0008) 47.1%. 471 47.1% (47.1%) 6 12 648 64 64.8 responses 5.1 51 5 21 2 2. 12.5. 125 12.5 12.5) 40.4%. 404 40.4% 40 4 (40.4%) 43.5% 435 43 (43.5% Conclusion practices process However guidelines 20 48. 13828 138/28 13 28 (138/282 34. 47/13 4713 (47/13 3.8 38 17 7 1. 8.3 83 0000 0.000 000 47.1 (47.1% 64. 5. 12. 40.4 (40.4% 43.5 (43.5 1382 138/2 (138/28 47/1 (47/1 3. 8. 0.00 00 47. (47.1 40. (40.4 43. (43. 138/ (138/2 47/ (47/ 0.0 (47. (40. (43 (138/ (47 0. (40 (4 (138 ( (13 (1

RESUMO Objetivo: Abordar a prática atual de desmame da ventilação mecânica invasiva de pacientes em unidades de terapia intensiva pediátrica, com foco no uso de protocolos, critérios, parâmetros e indicações padronizados para suporte respiratório não invasivo após a extubação. Métodos: Realizou-se uma busca eletrônica de novembro de 2021 a maio de 2022 em unidades de terapia intensiva pediátrica ibero-americanas. Participaram médicos e terapeutas respiratórios, com um único representante de cada unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica incluída. Não houve intervenções. Resultados: A taxa de resposta foi de 48,9% (138/282), representando 10 países ibero-americanos. Em apenas 34,1% (47/138) das unidades de terapia intensiva pediátrica havia protocolos escritos de desmame de ventilação mecânica invasiva, e seu uso estava associado à presença de terapeutas respiratórios (RC 3,85; IC95% 1,79 - 8,33; p = 0,0008). O método mais comum de desmame envolveu uma redução gradual do suporte ventilatório mais um teste de respiração espontânea (47,1%). A duração média da tentativa de respiração espontânea foi de 60 a 120 minutos em 64,8% das respostas. A presença de um terapeuta respiratório na unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica foi a única variável associada ao uso de um teste de respiração espontânea como o principal método de desmame da ventilação mecânica invasiva (RC 5,1; IC95% 2,1 - 12,5). Os protocolos de suporte respiratório não invasivo não foram usados com frequência após a extubação (40,4%). Quase metade dos respondentes (43,5%) relatou preferência pelo uso de pressão positiva de dois níveis nas vias aéreas como modo de ventilação não invasiva após a extubação. Conclusão: Uma grande proporção de unidades de terapia intensiva pediátrica ibero-americanas não possui protocolos de desmame. Nosso estudo destaca uma variabilidade substancial nas práticas de prontidão para extubação, ressaltando a necessidade de padronização desse processo. No entanto, a presença de um terapeuta respiratório foi associada a uma maior adesão às diretrizes. Objetivo critérios Métodos Realizouse Realizou se 202 iberoamericanas. iberoamericanas ibero americanas. americanas incluída intervenções Resultados 489 48 9 48,9 138/282, 138282 138/282 , 138 282 (138/282) 1 iberoamericanos. iberoamericanos americanos. americanos ibero-americanos 341 34 34,1 47/138 47138 47 (47/138 RC 3,85 385 3 85 IC95 IC 179 79 1,7 8,33 833 8 33 0,0008. 00008 0,0008 . 0 0008 0,0008) 47,1%. 471 47,1% (47,1%) 6 12 648 64 64,8 respostas 5,1 51 5 21 2 2, 12,5. 125 12,5 12,5) 40,4%. 404 40,4% 40 4 (40,4%) 43,5% 435 43 (43,5% Conclusão processo entanto diretrizes 20 48, 13828 138/28 13 28 (138/282 34, 47/13 4713 (47/13 3,8 38 IC9 17 7 1, 8,3 83 0000 0,000 000 47,1 (47,1% 64, 5, 12, 40,4 (40,4% 43,5 (43,5 1382 138/2 (138/28 47/1 (47/1 3, 8, 0,00 00 47, (47,1 40, (40,4 43, (43, 138/ (138/2 47/ (47/ 0,0 (47, (40, (43 (138/ (47 0, (40 (4 (138 ( (13 (1

Abstract The polymer transition temperature is a crucial parameter in the industry for knowing raw materials before starting the manufacturing process. The current work reports a novel low-cost prototype instrument to measure the transition temperature with reliable accuracy. The equipment was built using commercial load cells composed of strain gauges in combination with an Arduino® microcontroller. The prototype measurement quality was validated by measuring the transition temperatures of most commercial polymers. The obtained values were compared with values obtained by conventional thermal analysis known as differential scanning calorimetric and thermo-mechanical analysis (DSC and TMA), which results in identical values. process lowcost low cost accuracy Arduino microcontroller polymers thermomechanical thermo mechanical DSC TMA, TMA , TMA)

ABSTRACT Background: the mastery of health procedures is not enough in the competencies demanded by society for the stomatologist, the ability to communicate with the patient and generate trust is essential. The science and technology approach is very useful to solve this problem. Objective: to establish the theoretical aspects related to the rubric as a proposal to evaluate communication skills in Stomatology students from the science and technology approach. Methods: a narrative review was carried out through the analysis and synthesis of the contents found in the documentary search following a historical-logical process. The search was carried out between September and November 2023, using the scientific engines Scielo and Google Scholar; 24 of the articles reviewed were used for the study. Development: several constructs have addressed, from science, the dimensions necessary to achieve the evaluation of communicative skills and show the most appropriate forms. The rubric proposal to evaluate them in Stomatology students, from technology, constitutes a coherent contribution to the professional competences of the 21st century and is an adequate response to the social problem posed. Conclusions: the rubric as an instrument to measure communication skills, with the integration of interdisciplinary approaches, may be the solution to a relevant social problem and contribute to increase the quality of stomatological care and patient satisfaction.

RESUMEN Introducción: el dominio de procedimientos en salud no es suficiente en las competencias exigidas por la sociedad para el estomatólogo, la habilidad para comunicarse con el paciente y generar confianza es esencial. Resulta de gran utilidad el enfoque de ciencia y tecnología para solucionar esta problemática. Objetivo: fundamentar los aspectos teóricos relacionados con la rúbrica como propuesta para evaluar las habilidades comunicativas en estudiantes de Estomatología desde el enfoque de ciencia y tecnología. Métodos: se realizó una revisión narrativa mediante el análisis y síntesis de los contenidos encontrados en la búsqueda documental siguiendo un proceso histórico-lógico. La búsqueda se realizó entre septiembre y noviembre de 2023, con los motores científicos Scielo y Google Scholar; de los artículos revisados se utilizaron 24 para el estudio. Desarrollo: varios constructos han abordado, desde la ciencia, las dimensiones necesarias para lograr la evaluación de las habilidades comunicativas y muestran las formas más adecuadas. La propuesta de rúbrica para evaluarlas en estudiantes de Estomatología, desde la tecnología, constituye un aporte coherente con las competencias profesionales del siglo XXI y constituye una respuesta adecuada a la problemática social planteada. Conclusiones: la rúbrica como instrumento para medir habilidades comunicativas, con la integración de enfoques interdisciplinarios, puede ser la solución a un problema social relevante y contribuir a elevar la calidad de la atención estomatológica y la satisfacción del paciente.

Abstract Malpighia glabra is a wild fruit species widely distributed in Yucatan, however, it is underutilized due to the lack of knowledge about its properties. Therefore, the objective of this research was to morphologically characterize the fruits of wild M. glabra from two bioclimatic regions of the Yucatán state. For this, a total of 120 fruits from four wild populations of M. glabra were collected in the Yucatan state. Fruits were morphologically characterized using 11 traits that included fruit weight (g), fruit polar diameter (mm), fruit equatorial diameter (mm), fruit shape index, fruits per axil, total soluble solids (ºBrix), seed weight (g), polar seed diameter (mm), equatorial seed diameter (mm), seed thickness (mm) and seed shape index. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance, and morphological relationships between populations were evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis by the UPGMA method using Gower's similarity distance. The fruits of M. glabra presented an oblate shape. In general, statistical difference was observed between the morphological traits evaluated. Multivariate analysis of PCA and UPGMA allowed the formation of three groups, with the variables of fruit weight, fruit polar diameter, fruit equatorial diameter, total soluble solids and fruits per axil being the ones that contributed the most in the differentiation of groups. The first three principal components explained 89.42% of the cumulative variation between the groups.

Resumen Malpighia glabra es una especie frutal silvestre ampliamente distribuida en Yucatán, la cual es desaprovechada debido a la falta de conocimiento sobre sus propiedades. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar morfológicamente los frutos de M. glabra en estado silvestre de dos regiones bioclimáticas del estado de Yucatán. Para esto, un total de 120 frutos de cuatro poblaciones silvestres de M. glabra fueron colectados en el estado de Yucatán. Estos frutos se caracterizaron morfológicamente mediante 11 variables que incluyeron el peso de fruto (g), diámetro polar de fruto (mm), diámetro ecuatorial de fruto (mm), índice de forma de fruto, frutos por axila, sólidos solubles totales (ºBrix), peso de semilla (g), diámetro polar de semilla (mm), diámetro ecuatorial de semilla (mm), espesor de semilla (mm) e índice de forma de semilla. Los datos fueron analizados mediante un análisis de varianza, y las relaciones morfológicas entre las poblaciones se evaluaron mediante análisis de componentes principales (ACP), y de conglomerados por el método UPGMA utilizando la distancia de similitud de Gower. Los frutos de M. glabra presentaron forma de oblato. En general, se observó diferencia estadística entre las variables morfológicas evaluadas. Los análisis multivariados de ACP y UPGMA permitieron la formación de tres grupos, siendo las variables de peso de fruto, diámetro polar de fruto, diámetro ecuatorial de fruto, sólidos solubles totales y frutos por axila las que contribuyeron más en la diferenciación de los grupos. Los tres primeros componentes principales explicaron 89.42% de la variación total acumulada entre los grupos.