ABSTRACT Objective: After initial treatment, up to 30% of patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) have incomplete response, mainly cervical lymph node (LN) disease. Previous studies have suggested that active surveillance (AS) is a possible option for these patients. Our aim was to report the results of AS in patients with PTC and cervical LN disease. Materials and methods: In this retrospective observational study, we included adult patients treated and followed for PTC, who presented with cervical LN disease and were managed with AS. Growth was defined as an increase ≥ 3mm in either diameter. Results: We included 32 patients: 27 (84.4%) women, age of 39 ± 14 years, all initially treated with total thyroidectomy, and 22 (69%) with therapeutic neck dissection. Cervical LN disease was diagnosed 1 year (0.3-12.6) after initial management, with a diameter of 9.0 mm (6.0-19.0). After a median AS of 4.3 years (0.6-14.1), 4 (12.5%) patients had LN growth: 2 (50%) of whom were surgically removed, 1 (25%) was effectively treated with radiotherapy, and 1 (25%) had a scheduled surgery. Tg increase was the only predictive factor of LN growth evaluated as both the delta Tg (p < 0.0366) and percentage of Tg change (p < 0.0140). None of the included patients died, had local complications due to LN growth or salvage therapy, or developed distant metastases during follow-up. Conclusions: In selected patients with PTC and suspicious cervical LNs diagnosed after initial treatment, AS is a feasible and safe strategy as it allows effective identification and treatment of the minority of patients who progress. Objective 30 (PTC response (LN (AS methods study Results 3 84.4% 844 84 (84.4% women thyroidectomy 69% 69 (69% dissection 0.312.6 03126 0.3 12.6 0 12 6 (0.3-12.6 management 90 9 9. 6.019.0. 60190 6.0 19.0 . 19 (6.0-19.0) 43 4. 0.614.1, 06141 0.6 14.1 , (0.6-14.1) 12.5% 125 5 (12.5% 50% 50 (50% removed 25% 25 (25% radiotherapy surgery p 0.0366 00366 0366 0.0140. 00140 0.0140 0140 0.0140) died therapy followup. followup follow up. follow-up Conclusions progress 84.4 8 (84.4 (69 312 0.312. 0312 03 0. 126 12. (0.3-12. 019 6.019.0 6019 60 6. 190 19. (6.0-19.0 614 0.614.1 0614 06 141 14. (0.6-14.1 12.5 (12.5 (50 (25 0.036 0036 036 0014 0.014 014 84. (84. (6 31 0.312 031 (0.3-12 01 6.019. 601 (6.0-19. 61 0.614. 061 (0.6-14. (12. (5 (2 0.03 003 001 0.01 (84 ( 0.31 (0.3-1 6.019 (6.0-19 0.614 (0.6-14 (12 0.0 00 (8 (0.3- 6.01 (6.0-1 0.61 (0.6-1 (1 (0.3 (6.0- (0.6- (0. (6.0 (0.6 (0 (6.

Abstract Background: Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) carries a significant morbidity and mortality burden; however, there is scarce information in Latin American. Objective: To analyze the functional prognosis and mortality rates among participants in the Latin American Stroke Registry (LASE). Methods: Eighteen centers across Latin American compiled data on demographics, vascular risk factors, clinical stroke description, ancillary tests, and functional outcomes in hospital stay of patients included from January 2012 to January 2017. All these variables were analyzed based on functional outcome at hospital discharge. Results: We included 495 patients with ICH, representing 10.3% of all collected stroke subtypes in LASE. The median in-hospital stay was 9 days (interquartile range, 1-30); 285 (57.6%) were male (median age, 62 years) and 210 female (median age, 65 years). A poor functional outcome (modified Rankin scale, 3-6) was observed in 214 (43.2%) patients, with 62.5% of women (p < 0.009). Mortality was documented in 12.5% of ICH patients. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves presented difference in mortality, with higher frequency in patients > 80 years (HR 1.89, 95%CI 1.07-3.35, p = 0.028), with GCS < 8 (HR 0.19, 95%CI 0.11-0.33, p = < 0.001), ventricular irruption (HR 1.88, 95%CI 1.09-3.24, p = 0.0282), and hematoma volume > 30 cc (HR 2.36, 95%CI 1.17 - 4.77, p = 0.016). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates a poor functional prognosis in 43.2% of ICH patients, with the risk factors for higher mortality being age over 80 years, higher GCS values, and ventricular irruption in the LASE. Our collaborative study contributes substantial insight into the factors influencing ICH occurrence, prognosis, and outcomes in Latin America.

Resumen Introducción: La Hemorragia Intracraneal (ICH) conlleva una importante carga de morbilidad y mortalidad; sin embargo, existe escasa información en Latinoamérica. Objetivo: Analizar el pronóstico funcional y las tasas de mortalidad entre los participantes del Registro Latinoamericano de Enfermedad Vascular Cerebral (LASE). Métodos: Dieciocho centros de toda Latinoamérica recopilaron datos demográficos, factores de riesgo vascular, descripción clínica, pruebas auxiliares y resultados funcionales en la estancia hospitalaria de los pacientes incluidos entre enero de 2012 y enero de 2017. Todas estas variables se analizaron en función del resultado funcional al alta hospitalaria. Resultados: Se incluyeron 495 pacientes con ICH, que representan el 10.3% de todos los subtipos de enfermedad vascular cerebral en LASE. La mediana de estancia hospitalaria fue de 9 dias (rango intercuartil, 1-30); 285 (57.6%) fueron hombres (mediana de edad, 62 años) and 210 mujeres (mediana de edad, 65 años). Un mal resultado funcional (Escala modificada de Rankin, 3-6) fue observado en 214 (43.2%) pacientes, con un 62.5% de mujeres (p < 0.009). Se documento mortalidad en 12.5% de los pacientes con ICH. Las curvas de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier presentaron diferencias en la mortalidad, con mayor frecuencia en pacientes > 80 años (HR 1.89, 95% IC 1.07-3.35, p = 0.028), con GCS < 8 (HR 0.19, 95% IC 0.11-0.33, p = < 0.001), irrupción ventricular (HR 1.88, 95% IC 1.09-3.24, p = 0.0282), y volumen del hematoma > 30 cc (HR 2.36, 95% IC 1.17-4.77, p = 0.016). Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio demuestra un mal pronóstico funcional en 43.2% de los pacientes con ICH, siendo los factores de riesgo de mayor mortalidad la edad mayor de 80 años, los valores más bajos de GCS y la irrupción ventricular en el LASE. Nuestro estudio colaborativo aporta información sustancial sobre los factores que influyen en la aparición, el pronóstico y los resultados de la ICH en Latinoamérica.

SUMMARY Introduction: chronic Chagas heart disease (CCHD) is the most common manifestation of American Trypanosomiasis, causing about 50,000 deaths annually. Several factors bear correlation with the severity of CCHD. However, to our knowledge, the assessment on the contribution of major cardiovascular risk factors (CRF), such as hypertension and atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD) to CCHD severity is scarce, despite their well-established role in coronary artery disease, heart failure and stroke. Objective: to explore the potential relationship of blood pressure and AD with the clinical profile of patients with CCHD. Methods: we performed a cross-sectional study in T. cruziseropositive patients categorized according to a standard CCHD classification. All individuals were subjected to complete clinical examination. Autoantibodies induced by T. cruzi were assessed by ELISA. Results: we observed that Atherogenic index (AI) levels rose significantly in relation to the severity of the CCHD stage, with CCHD III cases showing the highest values of AI. Furthermore, those patients with globally dilated cardiomyopathy with reduced ejection fraction showed higher levels of AI. In regard to autoantibodies, anti-B13 also showed relation with the severity of the disease. Conclusion: we observed that AI correlated with CCHD stages and contributed, in association with anti-B13 antibodies and age, to the prediction of systolic heart failure.

RESUMO Introducción: la miocardiopatía chagásica (MCC) es la manifestación más común de la tripanosomiasis americana, causando cerca de 50.000 muertes al año. Varios factores se asocian con la gravedad de MCC. Sin embargo, la evaluación de la contribución de los principales factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRC), como la hipertensión y la dislipidemia aterogénica (DA), a la gravedad de la MCC es escasa, a pesar de su papel bien establecido en la enfermedad arterial coronaria, insuficiencia cardíaca y accidente cerebrovascular. Objetivo: explorar la posible relación de la presión arterial y la DA con el perfil clínico de los pacientes con MCC. Método: estudio transversal en pacientes con serología positiva para T. cruzi categorizados de acuerdo a la clasificación estándar de MCC. Se realizó en todos los pacientes un examen clínico-cardiológico completo. Los autoanticuerpos inducidos por T. cruzi se evaluaron mediante ELISA. Resultados: se observó que los niveles de índice aterogénico (IA) aumentaron significativamente en relación con la gravedad de la etapa de la MCC, siendo que los pacientes pertenecientes al grupo MCC III mostraron los más altos valores de IA. Por otra parte, los pacientes con miocardiopatía dilatada global con fracción de eyección reducida mostraron mayores niveles de IA. En lo que respecta a autoanticuerpos, anti-B13 también mostró relación con la gravedad de la enfermedad. Conclusión: observamos que el IA se correlacionó con las etapas de MCC y contribuyó, en asociación con anticuerpos anti-B13, a la predicción de insuficiencia cardíaca sistólica.

Resumo Objetivo: diversos escores de gravidade da pneumonia adquirida em comunidade (PAC) foram desenvolvidos com o intuito de melhorar o manejo clínico, em especial os escores CURB-65 e SCAP. Contudo, nenhum dos dois foi avaliado para determinar o risco de morte intra- hospitalar, principalmente em pacientes imunocompetentes e/ou sem comorbidades. Diante disso, propusemo- nos a analisar a utilidade dos escores para prever a mortalidade intra-hospitalar e estudar as variáveis associadas ao desfecho fatal. Métodos: desenvolvemos um trabalho transversal com 272 pacientes imunocompetentes, sem comorbidades e com diagnóstico de PAC. Foi avaliada a eficácia dos escores CURB-65 e SCAP em prever a mortalidade durante a internação. Foram estudadas as variáveis relacionadas a este desfecho. Por fim, a amostra foi dividida em dois subgrupos com o objetivo de desenvolver um modelo de avaliação do risco de morte em um subgrupo, validando-o no outro. Resultados: ambos os escores apresentaram pobre concordância de classificação da gravidade para PAC. O escore CURB-65 mostrou melhor desempenho na avaliação do risco de morte. Em nossa amostra, idade, contagem de glóbulos brancos, ureia sérica e pressão arterial diastólica foram as variáveis que se associaram à mortalidade. O modelo desenvolvido com essas variáveis mostrou eficácia muito boa para prever o desfecho fatal. Inclusive, somente um paciente no grupo de desenvolvimento do modelo e outro no grupo de validação foram classificados de modo incorreto. Conclusão: nossos resultados sugerem que com um modelo de quatro variáveis, de fácil acesso e interpretação, foi possível identificar pacientes gravemente enfermos com PAC.

Summary Objective: several scores were developed in order to improve the determination of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) severity and its management, mainly CURB-65 and SACP score. However, none of them were evaluated for risk assessment of in-hospital mortality, particularly in individuals who were non-immunosuppressed and/or without any comorbidity. In this regard, the present study was carried out. Methods: we performed a cross-sectional study in 272 immunocompetent patients without comorbidities and with a diagnosis of CAP. Performance of CURB- 65 and SCAP scores in predicting in-hospital mortality was evaluated. Also, variables related to death were assessed. Furthermore, in order to design a model of in-hospital mortality prediction, sampled individuals were randomly divided in two groups. The association of the variables with mortality was weighed and, by multiple binary regression, a model was constructed in one of the subgroups. Then, it was validated in the other subgroup. Results: both scores yielded a fair strength of agreement, and CURB-65 showed a better performance in predicting in-hospital mortality. In our casuistry, age, white blood cell counts, serum urea and diastolic blood pressure were related to death. The model constructed with these variables showed a good performance in predicting in-hospital mortality; moreover, only one patient with fatal outcome was not correctly classified in the group where the model was constructed and in the group where it was validated. Conclusion: our findings suggest that a simple model that uses only 4 variables, which are easily accessible and interpretable, can identify seriously ill patients with CAP

Introdução: ascite é uma das complicações mais comuns de cirrose associadas a uma elevada taxa de mortalidade. Embora vários escores tenham sido desenvolvidos a fim de avaliar o prognóstico da doença, eles foram concebidos para prever requisitos de transplante de fígado e mortalidade a curto prazo, mas não durante a internação. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de pesar fatores de risco para a mortalidade intra-hospitalar em pacientes adultos com ascite decorrente de cirrose alcoólica. Material e métodos: foi realizado um estudo transversal em 180 pacientes adultos com diagnóstico de cirrose com hipertensão portal, associada à alta ingestão de álcool. O diagnóstico de cirrose foi feita por ecografia hepática e a hipertensão portal foi determinada por características clínicas e pelo gradiente de albumina soro-ascite. Indivíduos avaliados foram submetidos a exame clínico completo. A classificação de Child-Pugh e a escala MELD foram aplicadas em todos os pacientes. Resultados: dezenove pacientes morreram durante a internação. A mortalidade foi associada ao aumento dos níveis de glóbulos brancos, ureia, creatinina, aspartato aminotransferase, alanina aminotransferase e tempo de protrombina prolongado. Realizamos uma logística binária múltipla para prever a mortalidade intra-hospitalar, que confirmou que ureia, creatinina e tempo de protrombina contribuíram significativamente para a previsão, com uma OR = 14 (IC 95% 12,8-16,7 p = 0,03), 2 (IC 95% 0,5-3,47, p = 0,04), e 2 (IC 95% 1,03-2,31, p = 0,01), relacionada linearmente. Conclusões: nossos resultados sugerem que a insuficiência renal aguda e de tempo de protrombina prolongado são preditores de mortalidade intra-hospitalar em pacientes com hipertensão portal decorrente de cirrose alcoólica.

Introduction: ascites is one of the most common complications of cirrhosis associated with a high rate of mortality. Although several scores have been developed in order to assess the prognosis of the disease, they were designed for predicting liver transplantation requirements and mortality in the short term, but not while in hospital. The aim of this study was to weigh risk factors for in-hospital mortality in adult patients with ascites due to alcoholic cirrhosis. Material and methods: we performed a cross-sectional study in 180 adult patients with diagnosis of cirrhosis with portal hypertension associated with high alcohol intake. The diagnosis of cirrhosis was made by liver echography and portal hypertension was defined by clinical features plus serum-ascites albumin gradient. Sampled individuals were subjected to complete clinical examination. Child Pugh and the MELD scores were applied in all the patients. Results: nineteen patients died while in-hospital. Mortality was associated with increased levels of serum white blood cell, urea, creatinine, prolonged prothrombin time, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. We conducted a multiple binary logistic to predict in-hospital mortality which yielded that serum urea, creatinine and prothrombin time made a significant contribution to prediction with an OR 14 (95% CI 12.8 - 16.7 p = 0.03), 2 (95% CI 0.5 - 3.47, p = 0.04), and 2 (95% CI 1.03 - 2.31, p = 0.01) linearly-related. Conclusions: our results suggest that acute renal failure and prolonged prothrombin time are predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with portal hypertension due to alcoholic cirrhosis.

Physiological parameters of laboratory animals used for biomedical research is crucial for following several experimental procedures. With the intent to establish baseline biologic parameters for non-human primates held in closed colonies, hematological and morphometric data of captive monkeys were determined. Data of clinically healthy rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), and squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) were collected over a period of five years. Animals were separated according to sex and divided into five age groups. Hematological data were compared with those in the literature by Student's t test. Discrepancies with significance levels of 0.1, 1 or 5% were found in the hematological studies. Growth curves showed that the sexual dimorphism of rhesus monkeys appeared at an age of four years. In earlier ages, the differences between sexes could not be distinguished (p < 0.05). Sexual dimorphism in both squirrel monkeys and cynomolgus monkeys occurred at an age of about 32 months. Data presented in this paper could be useful for comparative studies using primates under similar conditions.

OBJETIVO: Identificar a associação entre a freqüência de consumo de diferentes grupos de alimentos e níveis de lipídios séricos de adultos. MÉTODOS: As observações pertencem a um estudo transversal e correspondem a uma amostra representativa de 1.045 adultos de ambos os sexos, de 20 anos ou mais, residentes no município de Cotia, SP, Brasil. Foram determinados a ingestão de alimentos pela freqüência de consumo alimentar, níveis de lipídios séricos e outras variáveis. Foram elaborados modelos de regressão linear múltipla (stepwise forward) para LDL-C e HDL-C, ajustados por: idade, sexo, índice de massa corpórea, relação cintura quadril, nível educacional, renda familiar, atividade física, tabagismo e etilismo. RESULTADOS: O consumo de carnes (bovina, suína, aves, vísceras e carnes processadas), leite e derivados e ovos correlacionou-se positiva e significativamente com LDL-C. O consumo de frutas e hortaliças mostraram correlação inversa e significativa. O consumo de: carnes de aves, carnes vermelhas, ovos e leite e derivados foram associados com um aumento na LDL-C de 16,6 mg/dl, 14,5 mg/dl, 11,1 mg/dl, 5,8mg/dl, e 4,6 mg/dl, respectivamente. O aumento no consumo de frutas e hortaliças foi correlacionado com uma redução de 5,2 mg/dl e 5,5 mg/dl nos níveis de LDL-C, respectivamente. O consumo de bebidas alcoólicas se correlacionou positiva e significativamente com a fração HDL-C. CONCLUSÕES: Na população brasileira estudada observou-se que os hábitos alimentares parecem contribuir para as variações na concentração dos lipídios séricos de LDL-C e HDL-C. Redução nos riscos de doenças cardiovasculares podem ser alcançadas por meio de controle dietético.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the association between food group consumption frequency and serum lipoprotein levels among adults. METHODS: The observations were made during a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of men and women over 20 years old living in Cotia county, S. Paulo, Brazil. Data on food frequency consumption, serum lipids, and other covariates were available for 1,045 adults. Multivariate analyses adjusted by age, gender, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, educational level, family income, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption were performed. RESULTS: Consumption of processed meat, chicken, red meat, eggs and dairy foods were each positively and significantly correlated with LDL-C, whereas the intake of vegetables and fruits showed an inverse correlation. Daily consumption of processed meat, chicken, red meat, eggs, and dairy foods were associated with 16.6 mg/dl, 14.5 mg/dl, 11.1 mg/dl, 5.8 mg/dl, and 4.6 mg/dl increase in blood LDL-C, respectively. Increases of daily consumption of fruit and vegetables were associated with 5.2 mg/dl and 5.5 mg/dl decreases in LDL-C, respectively. Alcohol beverage consumption showed a significant positive correlation with HDL-C. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary habits in the study population seem to contribute substantially to the variation in blood LDL and HDL concentrations. Substantially CHD risk reduction could be achieved with dietary changes.

OBJETIVO: Identificar a associação entre a freqüência de consumo de diferentes grupos de alimentos e níveis de lipídios séricos de adultos. MÉTODOS: As observações pertencem a um estudo transversal e correspondem a uma amostra representativa de 1.045 adultos de ambos os sexos, de 20 anos ou mais, residentes no município de Cotia, SP, Brasil. Foram determinados a ingestão de alimentos pela freqüência de consumo alimentar, níveis de lipídios séricos e outras variáveis. Foram elaborados modelos de regressão linear múltipla (stepwise forward) para LDL-C e HDL-C, ajustados por: idade, sexo, índice de massa corpórea, relação cintura quadril, nível educacional, renda familiar, atividade física, tabagismo e etilismo. RESULTADOS: O consumo de carnes (bovina, suína, aves, vísceras e carnes processadas), leite e derivados e ovos correlacionou-se positiva e significativamente com LDL-C. O consumo de frutas e hortaliças mostraram correlação inversa e significativa. O consumo de: carnes de aves, carnes vermelhas, ovos e leite e derivados foram associados com um aumento na LDL-C de 16,6 mg/dl, 14,5 mg/dl, 11,1 mg/dl, 5,8mg/dl, e 4,6 mg/dl, respectivamente. O aumento no consumo de frutas e hortaliças foi correlacionado com uma redução de 5,2 mg/dl e 5,5 mg/dl nos níveis de LDL-C, respectivamente. O consumo de bebidas alcoólicas se correlacionou positiva e significativamente com a fração HDL-C. CONCLUSÕES: Na população brasileira estudada observou-se que os hábitos alimentares parecem contribuir para as variações na concentração dos lipídios séricos de LDL-C e HDL-C. Redução nos riscos de doenças cardiovasculares podem ser alcançadas por meio de controle dietético.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the association between food group consumption frequency and serum lipoprotein levels among adults. METHODS: The observations were made during a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of men and women over 20 years old living in Cotia county, S. Paulo, Brazil. Data on food frequency consumption, serum lipids, and other covariates were available for 1,045 adults. Multivariate analyses adjusted by age, gender, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, educational level, family income, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption were performed. RESULTS: Consumption of processed meat, chicken, red meat, eggs and dairy foods were each positively and significantly correlated with LDL-C, whereas the intake of vegetables and fruits showed an inverse correlation. Daily consumption of processed meat, chicken, red meat, eggs, and dairy foods were associated with 16.6 mg/dl, 14.5 mg/dl, 11.1 mg/dl, 5.8 mg/dl, and 4.6 mg/dl increase in blood LDL-C, respectively. Increases of daily consumption of fruit and vegetables were associated with 5.2 mg/dl and 5.5 mg/dl decreases in LDL-C, respectively. Alcohol beverage consumption showed a significant positive correlation with HDL-C. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary habits in the study population seem to contribute substantially to the variation in blood LDL and HDL concentrations. Substantially CHD risk reduction could be achieved with dietary changes.