RESUMO: Rhododendron fortunei pertence a uma espécie de rododendro perfumada nativa da China, que produz flores perfumadas de grande valor ornamental e ambiental para paisagismo ou embelezamento de interiores. No entanto, os aromas em Rhododendron fortunei ainda não foram investigados, muito menos o mecanismo de formação dessas fragrâncias nas flores. Neste estudo, medimos os aromas em termos de seus componentes e conteúdos voláteis (VOC) em Rhododendron fortunei em quatro diferentes estágios de floração e em diferentes tecidos da planta por microextração em fase sólida headspace combinada com cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massa. Em seguida, foram calculados os valores aromáticos característicos, que refletem o grau de percepção olfativa pelo ser humano, de cada VOC na planta de acordo com seus respectivos limiares aromáticos. Os resultados mostraram que três COVs principais medidos do mais alto ao mais baixo são benzoatos de metila, terpenos e derivados de ácidos graxos. Seu conteúdo aumentou após a abertura do botão floral e atingiu o máximo na metade da floração total. Em uma flor, a maioria dos teores de COV foram medidos em pétalas e apenas traços em outros tecidos, como estame, pistilo. Uma pequena quantidade de COVs foi determinada nas folhas também. Todos os valores aromáticos foram quase correspondentes aos teores de três COVs principais, indicando que a fragrância da flor surge verdadeiramente desses componentes de COV. Para entender o mecanismo de formação deste tipo principal de fragrância e sua regulação, primeiramente isolamos um gene de RfBAMT da pétala de Rhododendron fortunei usando clonagem homóloga e tecnologia RACE. O comprimento total de seu cDNA era de 1383 bp, com um quadro de leitura aberto de 1104 bp, codificando um total de 368 aminoácidos. A análise da árvore filogenética mostrou que RfBAMT foi o mais próximo do BSMT de Camellia japonica, pertencente à família das metiltransferases. Em seguida, medimos o nível de expressão de RfBAMT novamente em quatro estágios de desenvolvimento da flor e em diferentes tecidos e folhas de flores. Os resultados mostraram que o nível de expressão deste gene foi altamente correlacionado positivamente com o conteúdo emitido de benzoatos de metila na floração, implicando que RfBAMT desempenha um papel fundamental na formação e regulação de benzoatos de metila em Rhododendron fortune foi clonado e identificado em nosso estudo e seu nível de expressão foi altamente correlacionado positivamente com o conteúdo emitido de benzoatos de metila nas flores e folhas, o que indicou que este gene pode desempenhar um papel importante na regulação da síntese de benzoato de metila em Rhododendron fortunei. RESUMO China interiores entanto investigados (VOC gasosaespectrometria gasosa espectrometria massa seguida característicos humano graxos estame pistilo também RACE 138 bp 110 36 aminoácidos japonica metiltransferases 13 11 3 1

ABSTRACT: Rhododendron fortune belongs to a scented Rhododendron species native to China, which produces fragrant flowers of great ornamental and environmental values for landscaping or indoor beautification. However, the scents in Rhododendron fortuneihave not yet been investigated, let alone the mechanism of the formation of these fragrance in the flowers. In this study, we measured the scents in terms of its volatile components and contents (VOC) in Rhododendron fortuneiat four different flowering stages and in different tissues of the plant by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction combined (HS-SPME) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Then the characteristic aromatic values, which reflects the degree of scent perception by human, of each VOC in the plant was calculated according to its respective aromatic thresholds. Results showed that three main VOCs measured from highest to lowest are methyl benzoates, terpenes and fatty acid derivatives. Their content increased after the flower bud opening and reached the highest at half to full blossom. In a flower most VOC contents were measured in petals and only trace amount in other tissues such as stamen, pistil. A small amount of VOCs was determined in leaves as well.All aromatic values were almost corresponded to the contents of three main VOCs, indicating that the flower fragrance arises truly from these VOC components. S-adenosyl-L-methionine: benzoic acid carboxyl methyl transferase (BAMT) catalyzes the final step to form methyl benzoates. To understand the mechanism of the formation of this main type fragrance and its regulation, we firstly isolate a gene of RfBAMT from petal of Rhododendron fortuneiby using homologous cloning and RACE technology. The full length of its cDNA was 1383 bp，with an open reading frame of 1104 bp, encoding a total of 368 amino acids. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that RfBAMT was the closest to the BSMT of Camellia japonica, belonging to methyltransferases family. Then we measured the expression level of RfBAMT again at four flower developmental stages and in different flower tissues and leaves. The results showed that the expression level of this gene was highly positively correlated with the emitted content of methyl benzoates in the flowering, implying that RfBAMT plays a pivotal role in the formation and regulation of methyl benzoates in Rhododendron fortune.Thisresearchshowed that the RfBAMT was cloned and identified in our study and its expression level was highly positively correlated with the emitted content of methyl benzoates in the flowers and leaves, which indicated this gene may play an important role on regulation of methyl benzoate synthesis in Rhododendron fortunei. ABSTRACT China beautification However investigated (VOC solidphase solid phase microextraction micro extraction HSSPME HS SPME (HS-SPME chromatographymass chromatography mass GCMS. GCMS GC MS . (GC-MS) human thresholds derivatives blossom stamen pistil wellAll well All SadenosylLmethionine S adenosyl L methionine S-adenosyl-L-methionine BAMT (BAMT technology 138 bpwith bp 110 36 acids japonica family fortuneThisresearchshowed Thisresearchshowed fortunei (GC-MS 13 11 3 1

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the connection of Galectin 3 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk. Methods: Publications were searched using PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Chinese databases (including CNKI and WanFang) up to October 2015. Results: A total of four studies were included in this analysis. The pooled mean difference for HCC versus hepatitis was (1.98 (95% CI: 1.13, 2.83, Z = 4.57, p < 0.00001)) and for HCC versus healthy person was (2.29 (95% CI: 2.09, 2.5, Z = 21.78, p < 0.00001).. The serum Galectin 3 level in HCC was significantly higher than that in hepatitis and healthy person. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.93 (95% CI: 0.86, 0.97) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.90), the pooled diagnostic odds ratio were 116.78 (95% CI: 0.13, 102122.46), the pooled positive likelihood ratio were 12.71 (95% CI: 0.12, 1374.27), and the pooled negative LR were 0.11 (95% CI: 0.00, 12.51). Conclusion: The serum Galectin 3 level in HCC is higher than that in hepatitis and healthy person. Serum Galectin 3 may be a possible biomarker for diagnosis of HCC.

RESUMO: O vigor das sementes de tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) é estabelecido durante a fase de desenvolvimento das sementes, enquanto seus reguladores permanecem em grande parte desconhecidos. Foi realizada uma análise peptidômica comparativa das sementes em desenvolvimento para revelar os reguladores que envolvem o estabelecimento do vigor das sementes de tabaco. A diferença mais significativa no vigor das sementes foi observada entre as sementes colhidas aos 20 e 30 dias após a polinização (DAP), sendo então as sementes correspondentes coletadas separadamente para análise peptidômica. Um total de 2.932 e 2.812 peptídeos não redundantes foram identificados em sementes colhidas aos 20 e 30 DAP, respectivamente. Foram então caracterizados 349 peptídeos diferencialmente expressos (DEPs). Para explorar as funções potenciais desses DEPs, as análises da Gene Ontology (GO) e da Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) foram analisadas de acordo com suas proteínas precursoras. A maioria das proteínas precursoras da DEP estava envolvida na resposta ao estímulo abiótico, na resposta à água e no processamento de proteínas no retículo endoplasmático. Além disso, os peptídeos derivados das proteínas precursoras, como a late embryogenesis abundant (LEA), a proteína de choque térmico, a peroxirredoxina e as proteínas globulinas, podem regular o estabelecimento do vigor das sementes influenciando as espécies reativas de oxigênio. Os resultados fornecem uma base para uma maior exploração das funções dos peptídeos no estabelecimento do vigor das sementes de tabaco. RESUMO Nicotiana L. L desconhecidos 2 3 DAP , (DAP) 2932 932 2.93 2812 812 2.81 respectivamente 34 DEPs. DEPs . (DEPs) GO (GO KEGG (KEGG abiótico endoplasmático disso LEA, LEA (LEA) térmico globulinas oxigênio (DAP 293 93 2.9 281 81 2.8 (DEPs (LEA 29 9 2. 28 8

ABSTRACT: Seed vigor of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is established during seed development stage, while its regulators remain largely unknown. Here, a comparative peptidomics analysis of the developing seeds was conducted to reveal the regulators involving the establishment of tobacco seed vigor. The most significant difference of seed vigor was observed between seeds harvested at 20 and 30 days after pollination (DAP), and then the corresponding seeds were collected separately for peptidomics analysis. A total of 2932 and 2812 nonredundant peptides were identified in seeds harvested at 20 and 30 DAP, respectively. In which, 349 differentially expressed peptides (DEPs) were characterized. To explore the potential functions of these DEPs, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were further analyzed according to their precursor proteins. Most DEP precursor proteins were involved in response to abiotic stimulus, response to water, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum. Further, the peptides derived from the precursor proteins, such as late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein, heat shock protein, peroxiredoxin, and globulin proteins, may regulates the establishment of seed vigor by influencing reactive oxygen species. The results provide a foundation for further exploration of the peptides functions on the establishment of seed vigor in tobacco. ABSTRACT Nicotiana L. L stage unknown Here 2 3 DAP , (DAP) 293 281 respectively which 34 DEPs (DEPs characterized GO (GO KEGG (KEGG stimulus water reticulum Further LEA (LEA peroxiredoxin species (DAP 29 28

ABSTRACT: The study aimed to investigate the distribution and expression of nesfatin-1 in Bactrian camels and its impact on adipocyte glucose metabolism. Polyclonal antibodies against a single antigenic epitope of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 protein were prepared. Nesfatin-1 expression was detected in various adipose tissues, including the hypothalamus, humps, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, rectum, pancreas, liver, and abdomen, using Western blot and qRT-PCR. Glucose uptake levels, pyruvic acid content, and hexokinase and phosphofructokinase activities were measured in cultured 3T3-L1 preadipocytes treated with nesfatin-1 in a high glucose state using a non-radiofluorimetric assay. The results showed that nesfatin-1 was found in all Bactrian camel tissues, with higher adipose tissue and pancreas expression. However, qRT-PCR analysis revealed higher expression of nesfatin-1 mRNA in the abdominal fat and liver. After nesfatin-1 treatment, a significant decrease (p<0.05) was observed in glucose uptake levels, hexokinase, and phosphofructokinase activities in 3T3-L1 cells, with a significant increase (p<0.05) in their pyruvic acid content. These findings suggest that nesfatin-1 is expressed at high levels in the abdominal fat of Bactrian camels and significantly affects adipocyte glucose metabolism by regulating blood glucose levels, inhibiting adipocyte differentiation, and promoting lipid droplet hydrolysis to provide energy for the organism, which may relate to the Bactrian camel’s ability to adapt to harsh environments. ABSTRACT nesfatin1 nesfatin 1 nesfatin- NUCB2/nesfatin1 NUCB2nesfatin1 NUCBnesfatin NUCB2/nesfatin NUCB2 NUCB NUCB2/nesfatin- prepared Nesfatin1 Nesfatin Nesfatin- tissues hypothalamus humps stomach duodenum jejunum ileum cecum colon rectum liver abdomen qRTPCR. qRTPCR qRT PCR. PCR content 3T3L1 TL 3T3 L1 T L 3T3-L nonradiofluorimetric non radiofluorimetric assay However treatment p<0.05 p005 p 0 05 (p<0.05 cells differentiation organism s environments NUCB2nesfatin 3T3L 3T p<0.0 p00 (p<0.0 p<0. p0 (p<0. p<0 (p<0 p< (p< (p

RESUMO Objetivo: Não está claro qual é a meta ideal de concentração de glicose no sangue em pacientes em estado grave. Realizaremos uma revisão sistemática e uma metanálise com dados agregados e de pacientes individuais de estudos controlados e randomizados, comparando o controle intensivo da glicose com o controle liberal da glicose em adultos em estado grave. Fontes de dados: MEDLINE®, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials e registros de ensaios clínicos (Organização Mundial da Saúde, clinical trials.gov). Os autores dos estudos qualificados serão convidados a fornecer dados individuais de pacientes. Os dados publicados em nível de ensaio qualificado que não apresentem alto risco de viés serão incluídos em uma metanálise de dados agregados se os dados individuais de pacientes não estiverem disponíveis. Métodos: Critérios de inclusão: ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados que recrutaram pacientes adultos, com meta de glicemia ≤ 120mg/dL (≤ 6,6mmol/L) comparada a uma meta de concentração de glicemia mais alta com insulina intravenosa em ambos os grupos. Estudos excluídos: aqueles com meta de glicemia no limite superior no grupo de intervenção > 120mg/dL (> 6,6mmol/L), ou em que o controle intensivo de glicose foi realizado apenas no período intraoperatório, e aqueles em que a perda de seguimento excedeu 10% até a alta hospitalar. Desfecho primário: Mortalidade intra-hospitalar durante a admissão hospitalar. Desfechos secundários: Mortalidade e sobrevida em outros momentos, duração da ventilação mecânica invasiva, agentes vasoativos e terapia de substituição renal. Utilizaremos metanálise bayesiana de efeito randômico e modelos bayesianos hierárquicos para dados individuais de pacientes. Discussão: Essa revisão sistemática com dados agregados e de pacientes individuais abordará a questão clínica: Qual é a melhor meta de glicose no sangue de pacientes graves em geral? Protocolo versão 0.4 - 26/06/2023 Registro PROSPERO: CRD42021278869 Objetivo grave MEDLINE MEDLINE® Embase Organização Saúde trials.gov. trialsgov trials.gov . trials gov trials.gov) disponíveis Métodos inclusão 120mgdL mgdL 120mg dL mg ( 6,6mmol/L 66mmolL mmolL 6 6mmol L mmol grupos excluídos 6,6mmol/L, , intraoperatório 10 hospitalar primário intrahospitalar intra secundários momentos invasiva renal Discussão clínica geral 04 0 4 0. 26062023 26 06 2023 26/06/202 PROSPERO CRD CRD4202127886 1 2606202 2 202 26/06/20 CRD420212788 260620 20 26/06/2 CRD42021278 26062 26/06/ CRD4202127 2606 26/06 CRD420212 260 26/0 CRD42021 26/ CRD4202 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

ABSTRACT Objective: The optimal target for blood glucose concentration in critically ill patients is unclear. We will perform a systematic review and meta-analysis with aggregated and individual patient data from randomized controlled trials, comparing intensive glucose control with liberal glucose control in critically ill adults. Data sources: MEDLINE®, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials, and clinical trials registries (World Health Organization, clinical trials.gov). The authors of eligible trials will be invited to provide individual patient data. Published trial-level data from eligible trials that are not at high risk of bias will be included in an aggregated data meta-analysis if individual patient data are not available. Methods: Inclusion criteria: randomized controlled trials that recruited adult patients, targeting a blood glucose of ≤ 120mg/dL (≤ 6.6mmol/L) compared to a higher blood glucose concentration target using intravenous insulin in both groups. Excluded studies: those with an upper limit blood glucose target in the intervention group of > 120mg/dL (> 6.6mmol/L), or where intensive glucose control was only performed in the intraoperative period, and those where loss to follow-up exceeded 10% by hospital discharge. Primary endpoint: In-hospital mortality during index hospital admission. Secondary endpoints: mortality and survival at other timepoints, duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, vasoactive agents, and renal replacement therapy. A random effect Bayesian meta-analysis and hierarchical Bayesian models for individual patient data will be used. Discussion: This systematic review with aggregate and individual patient data will address the clinical question, ‘what is the best blood glucose target for critically ill patients overall?’ Protocol version 0.4 - 06/26/2023 PROSPERO registration: CRD42021278869 Objective unclear metaanalysis meta analysis adults sources MEDLINE MEDLINE® Embase Trials World Organization trials.gov. trialsgov trials.gov . gov trials.gov) triallevel trial level available Methods criteria 120mgdL mgdL 120mg dL mg ( 6.6mmol/L 66mmolL mmolL 6 6mmol L mmol groups studies 6.6mmol/L, , period followup follow up 10 discharge endpoint Inhospital In admission endpoints timepoints ventilation agents therapy used Discussion question what overall overall? 04 0 4 0. 06262023 06 26 2023 06/26/202 registration CRD CRD4202127886 1 0626202 2 202 06/26/20 CRD420212788 062620 20 06/26/2 CRD42021278 06262 06/26/ CRD4202127 0626 06/26 CRD420212 062 06/2 CRD42021 06/ CRD4202 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

Acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a critical respiratory syndrome with limited effective interventions. Lung macrophages play a critical role in the pathogenesis of abnormal inflammatory response in the syndrome. Recently, impaired fatty acid oxidation (FAO), one of the key lipid metabolic signalings, was found to participate in the onset and development of various lung diseases, including ALI/ARDS. Lipid/fatty acid contents within mouse lungs were quantified using the Oil Red O staining. The protective effect of FAO activator L-carnitine (Lca, 50, 500, or 5 mg/mL) was evaluated by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), ELISA, immunoblotting, fluorescence imaging, and fluorescence plate reader detection in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 ng/mL)-stimulated THP-1-derived macrophages. The in vivo efficacy of Lca (300 mg/kg) was determined in a 10 mg/kg LPS-induced ALI mouse model. We found for the first time that lipid accumulation in pulmonary macrophages was significantly increased in a classical ALI murine model, which indicated disrupted FAO induced by LPS. Lca showed potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects on THP-1 derived macrophages upon LPS stimulation. Mechanistically, Lca was able to maintain FAO, mitochondrial activity, and ameliorate mitochondrial dynamics. In the LPS-induced ALI mouse model, we further discovered that Lca inhibited neutrophilic inflammation and decreased diffuse damage, which might be due to the preservation of mitochondrial homeostasis. These results broadened our understanding of ALI/ARDS pathogenesis and provided a promising drug candidate for this syndrome. (ALI ARDS (ARDS interventions Recently , (FAO) signalings diseases ALIARDS Lipidfatty Lipid staining Lcarnitine L carnitine Lca, (Lca 50 500 mg/mL mgmL mg mL CCK8 CCK (CCK-8 assay realtime real qPCR, qPCR (qPCR) ELISA immunoblotting imaging (LPS 100 (10 ng/mLstimulated ngmLstimulated ng/mL stimulated ng THP1derived THPderived THP 1 300 (30 mgkg kg LPSinduced model antiinflammatory anti THP1 THP- stimulation Mechanistically activity dynamics damage homeostasis (FAO (CCK- (qPCR (1 mLstimulated ngmL 30 (3 (CCK ( 3

Abstract Background The defect of B cell self-tolerance and the continuous antigen presentation by T cells (TCs) mediated by autoreactive B cells (BCs) play a key role in the occurrence and development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). PD-1/PD-L1 signaling axis negatively regulates the immune response of TCs after activation and maintains immune tolerance. However, the effect of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling axis on the interaction between CD19+B/CD4+TCs in the peripheral blood of patients with SLE has not been studied in detail. Methods PD-1/PD-L1 and Ki-67 levels in peripheral blood (PB) of 50 SLE patients and 41 healthy controls (HCs) were detected through flow cytometry, and then the expression of PD-1+/−cells and PD-L1+/−cells Ki-67 was further analyzed. CD19+B/CD4+TCs were separated for cell culture and the supernatant was collected to determine proliferation and differentiation of TCs. IL-10 and IFN-γ secretion in the supernatant was also determined using ELISA. Results The PD-1, PD-L1, and Ki-67 levels on CD19+B/CD4+TCs in patients with SLE were higher than HCs. In CD19+B/CD4+TCs of SLE patients, the proliferative activity of PD-L1+ cells was higher than that of PD-L1− cells, and the proliferative activity of PD-1+ cells was higher than that of PD-1− cells. In the system co-culturing CD19+B/CD4+TCs from HCs/SLE patients, activated BCs promoted TCs proliferation and PD-L1 expression among TCs. Addition of anti-PD-L1 to co-culture system restored the proliferation of TCs, and inhibited IL-10/IFN-γ level. The addition of anti-PD-L1 to co-culture system also restored Tfh and downregulated Treg in HCs. Conclusions Axis of PD-1/PD-L1 on CD19+B/CD4+TCs in PB of SLE patients is abnormal, and cell proliferation is abnormal. In CD19+B/CD4+TCs of SLE patients, the proliferative activity of PD-L1+ and PD-1+ cells compared with PD-L1− and PD-1− cells in SLE patients, respectively. CD19+B/CD4+TCs in SLE patients can interact through PD-1/PD-L1. selftolerance self tolerance (TCs (BCs SLE. . (SLE) PD1/PDL1 PD1PDL1 PDPDL PD 1/PD L1 1 L PD-1/PD-L However CD19BCD4TCs CDBCDTCs CD19 CD4 CD detail Ki67 Ki 67 Ki-6 (PB 5 4 HCs (HCs cytometry PD1+/−cells PD1cells PDcells 1+/−cells PDL1+/−cells PDL1cells PDLcells L1+/−cells analyzed IL10 IL 10 IL-1 IFNγ IFN γ ELISA PD1, PD1 1, PD-1 PDL1, PDL1 PDL L1, PDL1+ L1+ PDL1− L1− PD1+ 1+ PD1− 1− coculturing co culturing HCsSLE PD-L antiPDL1 antiPDL anti anti-PD-L coculture IL10/IFNγ IL10IFNγ ILIFNγ 10/IFN level abnormal respectively PD1/PDL1. L1. (SLE PD1/PDL PD1PDL 1PD BCD CD1 Ki6 6 Ki- 1cells L1cells Lcells IL1 IL- PD- 10IFN

Abstract In order to explore the efficient investigate and utilization of emulsion produced by enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction of walnut oil, the effects of different enzyme treatment (including Alcalase 2.4L, Ban 480L α-amylase, Neutrase 0.8L, Pectinex SP-L, Celluclast 1.5L) on the characteristics of emulsion were studied to characterize its emulsifying characteristics The emulsion composition, particle size distribution, Zeta potential, rheological properties and protein surface hydrophobicity of emulsion were determined to characterize its emulsifying properties. The results showed that the particle size of the emulsion obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis showed a smaller trend and the absolute value of Zeta potential showed a larger trend in the presence of enzymes. On emulsion protein, hydrophobicity of emulsion protein was obtained by hydrolysis with different enzymes showed that the trend followed the order: Celluclast 1.5L> Ban 480L >Neutrase 0.8L >Pectinex SP-L >control> Alcalase 2.4L. The particle size, zeta potential, ability to increase emulsion viscosity and interfacial hydrophobicity of emulsion proteins affected the emulsion physical stability and the effect of demulsification. The results of rheological analysis show that emulsions from Ban 480L α-amylase, Neutrase 0.8L and Celluclast 1.5L hydrolysate still maintained their elastic structure damaged by shear rate and were more stable, and the emulsions obtained by Alcalase 2.4L and Pectinex SP-L were unstable which was easy to be broken. enzymeassisted assisted oil including 24L L 2 4L αamylase, αamylase α amylase, amylase α-amylase 08L 0 8L SPL, SPL SP L, 15L 1 5L composition distribution control >control demulsification stable broken

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effect of calcium (Ca) and phytase interaction on growth performance and bone quality in 1-42-day-old broiler chickens. A total of 624 female one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were allotted to 13 treatments with four replicates and 12 birds per replicate. A 2 × 6 factorial experiment was designed to test the combinations of 0.50% and 1.00% Ca with 0, 500, 1,000, 2,500, 5,000, and 10,000 FTU/kg phytase in the basal diet (0.25% non-phytate phosphorus, NPP). The control diet contained adequate Ca and phosphorus (P). Dietary Ca, phytase, and their interaction affected growth performance and bone mineralization of broilers at 1-42 days of age (p<0.05). The broilers fed with 1.00% Ca had lower body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) compared with the birds fed with 0.50% Ca (p<0.05). The BWG, FI, leg bone weight, and ash weight of the broilers fed with 0.25% NPP were lower than those of birds fed with the control diet (p<0.05). The addition of 500-10,000 FTU/kg phytase improved growth rate and leg bone quality, especially at 1.00% Ca (p<0.05). No differences were observed in growth performance and bone quality of 42-day-old broilers fed with 1.00% Ca + 2,500-10,000 FTU/kg phytase and the control diet (p>0.05). These data indicated that high doses of phytase (2,500-10,000 FTU/kg) alleviate the negative effects of Ca and P imbalance (Ca-to-NPP ratio = 4.0) on growth performance and bone mineralization of broiler chickens.

SUMMARY: This study aimed to accurately localize the location and depth of the centre of the highest region of muscle spindle abundance (CHRMSA) of the triceps brachii muscle. Twenty-four adult cadavers were placed in the prone position. The curve connecting the acromion and lateral epicondyle of the humerus close to the skin was designed as the longitudinal reference line (L), and the curve connecting the lateral and the medial epicondyle of the humerus was designed as the horizontal reference line (H). Sihler's staining was used to visualize the dense intramuscular nerve region of the triceps brachii muscle. The abundance of muscle spindle was calculated after hematoxylin and eosin stain. CHRMSA was labelled by barium sulphate, and spiral computed tomography scanning and three- dimensional reconstruction were performed. Using the Syngo system, the projection points of CHRMSA on the posterior and anterior arm surface (P and P' points), the position of P points projected to the L and H lines (PL and PH points), and the depth of CHRMSA were determined. The PL of the CHRMSA of the long, medial, and lateral heads of the triceps brachii muscle were located at 34.83 %, 75.63 %, and 63.93 % of the L line, respectively, and the PH was located at 63.46 %, 69.62 %, and 56.07 % of the H line, respectively. In addition, the depth was located at 34.73 %, 35.48 %, and 35.85 % of the PP' line, respectively. These percentage values are all the means. These body surface locations and depths are suggested to be the optimal blocking targets for botulinum toxin A in the treatment of triceps brachii muscle spasticity.

RESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo localizar con precisión la ubicación y la profundidad del centro de la región más alta del huso muscular (CHRMSA) del músculo tríceps braquial. Se colocaron veinticuatro cadáveres adultos en posición prona y se designó la curva que conecta el acromion y el epicóndilo lateral del húmero cerca de la piel como la línea de referencia longitudinal (L), y la curva que conecta los epicóndilos lateral y medial del húmero fue designada como la línea de referencia horizontal (H). Se usó la tinción de Sihler para visualizar la región nerviosa intramuscular densa del músculo tríceps braquial. La abundancia de huso muscular se calculó después de la tinción con hematoxilina y eosina. CHRMSA se marcó con sulfato de bario y se realizó una tomografía computarizada espiral y una reconstrucción tridimensional. Usando el sistema Syngo, fueron determinados los puntos de proyección de CHRMSA en la superficie posterior y anterior del brazo (puntos P y P'), la posición de los puntos P pro- yectados en las líneas L y H (puntos PL y PH) y la profundidad de CHRMSA. Los PL de la CHRMSA de las cabezas larga, medial y lateral del músculo tríceps braquial se ubicaron en el 34,83 %, 75,63 % y 63,93 % de la línea L, respectivamente, y el PH se ubicó en el 63,46 %, 69,62 %, y 56,07 % de la línea H, respectivamente. La profundidad se ubicó en el 34,73 %, 35,48 % y 35,85 % de la línea PP', respectivamente. Estos valores porcentuales son todas las medias. Se sugiere que estas ubicaciones y profundidades de la superficie corporal son los objetivos de bloqueo óptimos para la toxina botulínica A en el tratamiento de la espasticidad del músculo tríceps braquial.

ABSTRACT In this paper, we present a male patient from Xinjiang with fever of unknown origin and significant weight loss for more than 1 month. He was admitted to hospital with negative Rose Bengal test (RBT) and decreased leucocyte count. Ultrasound revealed splenomegaly and abdominal computed tomography, which showed multiple hypodense splenic nodules. The patient was suspected of lymphoma or tuberculosis. Pathological biopsy suggested brucellosis infection following splenectomy. Anti-Brucella treatment was effective and his temperature gradually returned to normal. During the follow-up, the patient's RBT result turned to positive and he was instructed to continue the anti-Brucella drug regimen. His temperature, weight, white blood cell count, other laboratory examinations, and imaging findings all returned to normal during the 6-month follow-up after the treatment.

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the mechanism of Periplaneta americana extract promoting intestinal mucosal repair of OXZ-induced colitis in rat. Methods: All experiments used an equal number of male and female SD rats (n=48). We injected OXZ into the colon to induce UC rat model. To determine the optimal concentration of P. Americana's extract (PA-40), it was classified into low (L), medium (M), and high (H) doses. After OXZ treatment, each drug was administered by enema for 7 consecutive days. Rats were divided into the following 6 groups: (1) Saline treatment group (NC), (2) OXZ treatment UC model group (MC), (3) OXZ + budesonide group (BUN), (4) OXZ + PA-40 L group, (5) OXZ + PA-40 M group, (6) OXZ + PA-40 H group. Disease activity index (DAI) scores, colon length, histopathological score, serum cytokine level (IL-4, IL-10, iNOS, tNOS), and amount of MPO, EGF, IL-13 in colonic mucosa were measured. Results: PA treatment had a significant healing effect on the OXZ-colitis model and significantly reduced the lesioned area, especially in the PA-40H groups. PA treatment did not alter the expression of IL-10 and MPO level, but increased EGF (epidermal growth factor) and decrease IL-13 in the colonic tissue. PA inhibited the rise of NOSs (nitric oxide synthase) and decreased the serum IL-4 level. Conclusions: The data suggest that Periplaneta americana extract may be a potential compound for the treatment of colonic lesions. The mechanism may be related to inhibiting the secretion of IL-13 and promoting the formation of EGF.

ABSTRACT Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are present on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix in all metazoans. HSPGs interact with growth factors and receptors through heparan sulfate (HS) chains. The sulfation pattern of heparan sulfate chains influences signaling events mediated by heparan sulfate proteoglycans located on the cell surface. SULF1 and SULF2 are two endo-sulfatases that can cleave specific 6-O-sulfate groups within the heparan chains. To determine their possible roles in tissues and satellite cells in vitro, their expression pattern was examined in tissues from 40-day-old chickens and in satellite cells from the breast muscles of 1-week-old and 2-week-old chickens using RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry analyses. The SULF1 and SULF2 transcripts were widely distributed in various tissues. Upon increasing culture times in chicken´s primary skeletal muscle satellite cells, SULF1 and SULF2 expression in 1-week-old chickens was significantly higher than in 2-week-old chickens, suggesting that sulfatases play a key role in satellite cell development. Therefore, our findings increase our knowledge of sulfatase expression diversity and provide a solid basis for further research concerning this molecular mechanism.

ABSTRACT There is increasing evidence that bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) plays critical roles in regulating various stages of ovarian follicle development in mammals. However, the mechanisms of regulation of BMP6 in the chicken ovary remain unclear. In this study, mRNA and protein expression level of BMP6 in chicken ovarian follicles at different development stages were determined by qRT-PCR and western blot separately. Different concentrations of BMP6 protein and FSH were added to the culture medium, and the effects to proliferation of granulose cells were detected, further effect on expression pattern of progesterone synthesis associated genes were also analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting and the secretion of progesterone was detected by ELISA. The results showed that mRNA and protein expression level of BMP6 increased significantly in the follicle with the development of follicle (p<0.05) and reached a peak at F1 follicle. Adding concentration of 50ng/ml and 100ng/ml of BMP6 protein promoted significantly the proliferation of granulosa cells (p<0.05), as well as up-regulated the expression of Steroid hormone synthesis acute regulatory protein (StAR) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) genes in mRNA and protein level. Meanwhile, the secretion of progesterone was significantly higher in the group that added BMP6 and FSH separately than blank control group (p<0.05) and reached a peak in the group that both added BMP6 and FSH. Collectively, these findings highlight that BMP6 is associated with proliferation of follicular cells and the synthesis of progesterone, which indicated that it took an important role in the follicular development of chicken.

ABSTRACT The bursa of Fabricius (BF) is the central humoral immune organ unique to birds. The present study investigated the possible difference on a molecular level between two duck breeds. The digital gene expression profiling (DGE) technology was used to enrich the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in BF between the Jianchang and Nonghua-P strains of ducks. DGE data identified 195 DEGs in the bursa. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis suggested that DEGs were mainly enriched in the metabolic pathways and ribosome components. Pathways analysis identified the spliceosome, RNA transport, RNA degradation process, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway and B cell receptor signaling pathway. The results indicated that the main difference in the BF between the two duck strains was in the capabilities of protein formation and B cell development. These data have revealed the main divergence in the BF on a molecular level between genetically different duck breeds and may help to perform molecular breeding programs in poultry in the future.