Resumo Fundamento: A associação entre a duração do sono e a aterosclerose foi relatada em muitos estudos observacionais. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a sua importância como fator de risco para aterosclerose ou como consequência negativa da aterosclerose. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a associação causal entre a duração do sono e o risco de aterosclerose usando estatísticas resumidas de estudos de associação genômica ampla (GWAS) disponíveis publicamente. Métodos: Empregamos um método de randomização mendeliana (RM) de duas amostras com 2 coortes do MRC-IEU (n = 460.099) e do UK Biobank (n = 361.194) para investigar a associação causal entre a duração do sono e o risco de aterosclerose. Três métodos, incluindo a técnica de variância inversa ponderada (IVW), escore de perfil ajustado robusto (RAPS) e abordagem de mediana simples e ponderada, foram usados para obter resultados confiáveis, e uma razão de chances com intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95% foi calculada. P<0,05 foi considerado diferença estatística. Além disso, foram utilizadas análises de regressão: MR-Egger regression, Radial MR, MR-PRESSO e leave-one-out para avaliar os possíveis efeitos de pleiotropia. Resultados: Não foi encontrada associação causal entre duração do sono e aterosclerose [OR (IC95%): 0,90 (0,98-1,00), p = 0,186]. As análises Leave-one-out, MR-Egger, e MR-PRESSO não conseguiram detectar pleiotropia horizontal. Conclusões: Esta análise de RM não indicou nenhuma associação causal entre a duração do sono geneticamente prevista e a aterosclerose nas populações europeias. Fundamento observacionais entanto Objetivo GWAS (GWAS publicamente Métodos (RM MRCIEU MRC IEU n 460.099 460099 460 099 361.194 361194 361 194 métodos IVW, IVW , (IVW) RAPS (RAPS confiáveis IC (IC 95 calculada P005 P 0 05 P<0,0 estatística disso regressão MREgger MR Egger regression MRPRESSO PRESSO leaveoneout leave one out Resultados OR IC95% IC95 (IC95%) 090 90 0,9 0,981,00, 098100 0,98 1,00 98 1 00 (0,98-1,00) 0,186. 0186 0,186 . 186 0,186] Leaveoneout, Leaveoneout Leave out, Leave-one-out MREgger, Egger, horizontal Conclusões europeias 460.09 46009 46 09 361.19 36119 36 19 (IVW 9 P00 P<0, IC9 (IC95% 0, 981 0,981,00 09810 098 100 1,0 (0,98-1,00 018 0,18 18 460.0 4600 4 361.1 3611 3 P0 P<0 (IC95 0,981,0 0981 10 1, (0,98-1,0 01 0,1 460. 361. P< (IC9 0,981, (0,98-1, 0,981 (0,98-1 (0,98- (0,98 (0,9 (0, (0 (

Abstract Background: The association between the length of sleep and atherosclerosis has been reported in many observational studies. However, little is known about its significance as a risk factor for atherosclerosis or as a negative consequence of atherosclerosis. Objective: This study aimed to assess the causal association between sleep duration and the risk of atherosclerosis using publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics. Methods: We employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method with 2 cohorts from MRC-IEU (n=460,099) and UK Biobank (n=361,194) to investigate the causal association between sleep duration and the risk of atherosclerosis. Three methods including the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) technique, Robust adjusted profile score (RAPS), and simple-and weighted-median approach were used to obtain reliable results, and an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. P<0.05 was considered as a statistical difference. In addition, MR-Egger regression, Radial MR, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out analyses were used to assess the possible pleiotropy effects. Results: No causal association of sleep duration with atherosclerosis was found [OR (95%CI): 0.90 (0.98-1.00), p = 0.186]. Leave-one-out, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO analyses failed to detect horizontal pleiotropy. Conclusions: This MR analysis indicated no causal association between genetically predicted sleep duration and atherosclerosis across European populations. Background However Objective genomewide genome wide GWAS (GWAS statistics Methods twosample two sample (MR MRCIEU MRC IEU n=460,099 n460099 n 460 099 (n=460,099 n=361,194 n361194 361 194 (n=361,194 inversevariance inverse variance IVW (IVW technique RAPS, RAPS , (RAPS) simpleand simple weightedmedian median results 95 CI (CI calculated P005 P 0 05 P<0.0 difference addition MREgger Egger regression MRPRESSO, MRPRESSO PRESSO, PRESSO leaveoneout leave one out effects Results OR 95%CI 95CI (95%CI) 090 90 0.9 0.981.00, 098100 0.98 1.00 98 1 00 (0.98-1.00) 0.186. 0186 0.186 . 186 0.186] Leaveoneout, Leaveoneout Leave out, Leave-one-out MREgger, Egger, Conclusions populations n=460,09 n46009 46 09 (n=460,09 n=361,19 n36119 36 19 (n=361,19 (RAPS 9 P00 P<0. (95%CI 0. 981 0.981.00 09810 098 100 1.0 (0.98-1.00 018 0.18 18 n=460,0 n4600 4 (n=460,0 n=361,1 n3611 3 (n=361,1 P0 P<0 0.981.0 0981 10 1. (0.98-1.0 01 0.1 n=460, n460 (n=460, n=361, n361 (n=361, P< 0.981. (0.98-1. n=460 n46 (n=460 n=361 n36 (n=361 0.981 (0.98-1 n=46 n4 (n=46 n=36 n3 (n=36 (0.98- n=4 (n=4 n=3 (n=3 (0.98 n= (n= (0.9 (n (0. (0 (

RESUMEN Introducción: Con el desarrollo de los proyectos turísticos de deportes de hielo y nieve, han ido apareciendo gradualmente los peligros ocultos de la construcción extensiva temprana. Se manifiesta principalmente en la seguridad deportiva de los proyectos turísticos de deportes de hielo y nieve. Objetivo: Explorar la estrategia de gestión de la seguridad deportiva en el marco del paisaje turístico de los deportes de nieve y hielo. Métodos: Se utilizó la investigación bibliográfica, entrevistas y cuestionarios para analizar el desarrollo en la zona de estudio del turismo de hielo y nieve, y a los propios turistas, así como la construcción de emplazamientos regionales. Por último, desde el punto de vista del gestor del paisaje, se analizan estrategias para mejorar la gestión de la seguridad deportiva en ámbitos afines. Resultados: El desarrollo de proyectos de turismo deportivo de nieve y hielo en la zona de estudio es satisfactorio, sin embargo, debido al impacto de la epidemia, la situación actual es relativamente baja, mostrando una tendencia de lenta mejora. En cuanto al riesgo de lesiones deportivas, tras optimizar la formación y la gestión de la seguridad, la proporción de características climáticas del lugar fue del 24,81%; la proporción de población en las pistas de esquí fue del 40,92%; la proporción de limpieza y mantenimiento del equipo fue del 59,23%; el grado de congestión de las pistas de esquí fue del 41,30%; la proporción de seguridad pública fue del 34,42%; la proporción de tratamiento médico básico de urgencia fue del 32,30%; las epidemias y otras enfermedades infecciosas representaron el 83,13% del total. El seguimiento se realiza antes del inicio, en el proceso y después de que se produzcan múltiples gestiones. Conclusión: La estrategia de gestión de la seguridad del turismo deportivo de nieve y hielo combina los factores de los turistas y los gestores, y tiene una gran importancia práctica, por lo que merece ser promovida. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento. Introducción temprana Objetivo Métodos bibliográfica regionales último afines Resultados satisfactorio embargo epidemia baja mejora deportivas 24,81% 2481 24 81 40,92% 4092 40 92 59,23% 5923 59 23 41,30% 4130 41 30 34,42% 3442 34 42 32,30% 3230 32 8313 83 13 83,13 total inicio gestiones Conclusión gestores práctica promovida II 24,81 248 2 8 40,92 409 4 9 59,23 592 5 41,30 413 3 34,42 344 32,30 323 831 1 83,1 24,8 40,9 59,2 41,3 34,4 32,3 83, 24, 40, 59, 41, 34, 32,

RESUMO Introdução: Com o desenvolvimento de projetos de turismo esportivo no gelo e na neve, os perigos ocultos da construção extensiva precoce têm surgido gradualmente. Ele se manifesta principalmente na segurança esportiva de projetos de turismo de esportes de gelo e neve. Objetivo: Explorar a estratégia de gestão da segurança esportiva sob o panorama do turismo esportivo de neve e gelo. Métodos: Pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevistas e questionários foram usados para analisar o desenvolvimento na área de estudo do turismo de gelo e neve, e dos próprios turistas bem como a construção de locais regionais. Finalmente, do ponto de vista do gerente de paisagens, o trabalho analisa as estratégias para melhorar a gestão da segurança esportiva em áreas relacionadas. Resultados: O desenvolvimento de projetos de turismo esportivo de neve e gelo na área de estudo é satisfatório, porém, devido ao impacto da epidemia, a situação atual é relativamente reduzida, mostrando uma tendência de lenta melhoria. Em termos de risco de lesões esportivas, após treinamento otimizado e gerenciamento da segurança, a proporção de características climáticas do local foi de 24,81%; a proporção de população nas pistas de esqui foi de 40,92%; a proporção de limpeza e manutenção dos equipamentos foi de 59,23%; o grau de congestionamento das pistas de esqui foi de 41,30%; a proporção de segurança pública foi de 34,42%; a proporção de tratamento médico básico de emergência foi de 32,30%; epidemias e outras doenças infecciosas representaram 83,13% do total. O acompanhamento é feito antes do início, no processo, e após a ocorrência de múltiplas gestões. Conclusão: A estratégia de gerenciamento de segurança do turismo esportivo de neve e gelo combina os fatores de turistas e gerentes, e tem grande significado prático, por isso é digna de promoção. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento. Introdução gradualmente Objetivo Métodos bibliográfica regionais Finalmente paisagens relacionadas Resultados satisfatório porém epidemia reduzida melhoria esportivas 24,81% 2481 24 81 40,92% 4092 40 92 59,23% 5923 59 23 41,30% 4130 41 30 34,42% 3442 34 42 32,30% 3230 32 8313 83 13 83,13 total início processo gestões Conclusão gerentes prático promoção II 24,81 248 2 8 40,92 409 4 9 59,23 592 5 41,30 413 3 34,42 344 32,30 323 831 1 83,1 24,8 40,9 59,2 41,3 34,4 32,3 83, 24, 40, 59, 41, 34, 32,

ABSTRACT Introduction: Following the development of ice and snow sports tourism projects, the hidden dangers of early extensive construction have gradually emerged. It mainly manifests itself in the sports safety of ice and snow sports tourism projects. Objective: Explore the management strategy of sports safety under the snow and ice sports tourism landscape. Methods: Literature research, interviews, and questionnaires were used to analyze the development in the study area of ice and snow tourism, the tourists themselves, and regional site construction. Finally, the paper analyzes strategies to improve sports safety management in related areas from the landscape manager's point of view. Results: The development of snow and ice sports tourism projects in the study area is satisfactory; however, due to the epidemic's impact, the current situation is relatively low, showing a trend of slow improvement. In terms of sports injury risk, after optimal training and safety management, the proportion of climatic characteristics of the site was 24.81%; the proportion of the population on the ski slopes was 40.92%; the proportion of equipment cleaning and maintenance was 59.23%; the degree of congestion on the ski slopes was 41.30%; the proportion of public safety was 34.42%; the proportion of basic emergency medical treatment was 32.30%; epidemics and other infectious diseases accounted for 83.13% of the total. Follow-up is done before the start, in the process, and after the occurrence of multiple managements. Conclusion: The safety management strategy of snow and ice sports tourism combines the factors of tourists and managers, and has great practical significance, so it is worthy of promotion. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes. Introduction emerged Objective Methods research interviews themselves Finally managers manager s view Results satisfactory however epidemic impact low improvement risk 24.81% 2481 24 81 40.92% 4092 40 92 59.23% 5923 59 23 41.30% 4130 41 30 34.42% 3442 34 42 32.30% 3230 32 8313 83 13 83.13 total Followup Follow up start process managements Conclusion significance promotion II outcomes 24.81 248 2 8 40.92 409 4 9 59.23 592 5 41.30 413 3 34.42 344 32.30 323 831 1 83.1 24.8 40.9 59.2 41.3 34.4 32.3 83. 24. 40. 59. 41. 34. 32.

RESUMEN Introducción: La fatiga muscular molesta a los deportistas, ya que afecta al nivel de entrenamiento y al rendimiento competitivo, además de tener un gran impacto en la salud física de los atletas, predisponiendo a accidentes y al cese prematuro de la carrera. En la actualidad, el alivio de la fatiga deportiva es objeto de investigación en el campo de la salud deportiva. Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto de la rehabilitación mediante acupuntura y moxibustión combinada con entrenamiento físico sobre la fatiga deportiva. Métodos: Se utilizó un experimento controlado. El grupo experimental utilizó acupuntura y moxibustión combinadas con entrenamiento físico, mientras que el grupo de control utilizó acupuntura y moxibustión. El mismo grupo de médicos realizó el tratamiento de acupuntura y moxibustión de acuerdo con la situación real de los pacientes, y comprobó los cambios en la puntuación del dolor según VAS y la puntuación del dolor según PRI. Resultados: La puntuación VAS del dolor en el grupo experimental fue de 7,88 puntos antes del procedimiento y de 2,96 puntos después de la sexta semana del procedimiento. La puntuación del grupo de control fue de 7,67 antes del inicio y de 5,03 después del entrenamiento. La puntuación total del dolor PRI en el grupo experimental fue de 6,52 puntos antes del entrenamiento y de 2,05 puntos en la sexta semana de entrenamiento. La puntuación del grupo de control era de 6,66 antes del procedimiento y de 3,89 a la sexta semana. Conclusión: La combinación de entrenamiento con ejercicios puede lograr un mejor efecto rehabilitador en comparación con el tratamiento aislado de acupuntura y moxibustión. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento. Introducción deportistas competitivo atletas carrera actualidad Objetivo Métodos controlado pacientes Resultados 788 7 88 7,8 296 2 96 2,9 767 67 7,6 503 5 03 5,0 652 6 52 6,5 205 05 2,0 666 66 6,6 389 3 89 3,8 Conclusión II 78 8 7, 29 9 2, 76 50 0 5, 65 6, 20 38 3,

RESUMO Introdução: A fadiga muscular incomoda os atletas, afetando o nível de treinamento e o desempenho competitivo, também tem um grande impacto sobre a saúde física dos atletas, predispondo a acidentes e a um término precoce da carreira. Aliviar a fadiga esportiva é o foco da pesquisa no campo da saúde esportiva nos dias de hoje. Objetivo: Estudar o efeito de reabilitação pela acupuntura e moxabustão combinada com o treinamento físico sobre a fadiga esportiva. Métodos: Foi utilizado um experimento controlado. O grupo experimental usou acupuntura e moxabustão combinadas com treinamento com exercícios, enquanto o grupo de controle usou acupuntura e moxabustão. O mesmo grupo de médicos realizou o tratamento de acupuntura e moxabustão de acordo com a situação real dos pacientes, e testaram as alterações do escore de dor VAS e do escore de dor PRI. Resultados: A pontuação de dor VAS no grupo experimental foi de 7,88 pontos antes do procedimento e 2,96 pontos após a sexta semana de procedimento. A pontuação do grupo de controle foi 7,67 antes do início e 5,03 após o treinamento. A pontuação total de dor PRI no grupo experimental foi 6,52 pontos antes do treinamento e 2,05 pontos na sexta semana de treinamento. A pontuação do grupo de controle foi de 6,66 antes do procedimento e 3,89 na sexta semana. Conclusão: A combinação do treinamento com exercícios pode alcançar um melhor efeito de reabilitação em comparação com o tratamento isolado de acupuntura e moxabustão. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento. Introdução atletas competitivo carreira hoje Objetivo Métodos controlado pacientes Resultados 788 7 88 7,8 296 2 96 2,9 767 67 7,6 503 5 03 5,0 652 6 52 6,5 205 05 2,0 666 66 6,6 389 3 89 3,8 Conclusão II 78 8 7, 29 9 2, 76 50 0 5, 65 6, 20 38 3,

ABSTRACT Introduction: Muscle fatigue bothers athletes, affecting training level and competitive performance, it also has a great impact on the physical health of athletes, predisposing them to accidents and an early termination of their career. Relieving sports fatigue is the focus of research in the field of sports health nowadays. Objective: Study the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion rehabilitation combined with physical training on sports fatigue. Methods: A controlled experiment was used. The experimental group used acupuncture and moxibustion combined with exercise training, while the control group used acupuncture and moxibustion. The same group of doctors performed the acupuncture and moxibustion treatment according to the actual situation of the patients, and they tested the changes in VAS pain score and PRI pain score. Results: The VAS pain score in the experimental group was 7.88 points before the procedure and 2.96 points after the sixth week of the procedure. The control group score was 7.67 before the start and 5.03 after training. The total PRI pain score in the experimental group was 6.52 points before training and 2.05 points in the sixth week of training. The control group scored 6.66 before the procedure and 3.89 in the sixth week. Conclusion: The combination of training and exercises can achieve a better rehabilitation effect compared to the isolated treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes. Introduction athletes performance career nowadays Objective Methods patients Results 788 7 88 7.8 296 2 96 2.9 767 67 7.6 503 5 03 5.0 652 6 52 6.5 205 05 2.0 666 66 6.6 389 3 89 3.8 Conclusion II outcomes 78 8 7. 29 9 2. 76 50 0 5. 65 6. 20 38 3.

Resumo: Elucidar os mecanismos fisiológicos e ecológicos de dormência e germinação de sementes é de grande importância para a conservação e uso de espécies vegetais. Baseando-se no sistema de classificação de Baskin e Baskin para dormência de sementes, neste trabalho foram estudadas as causas da dormência em sementes de Tarenaya hassleriana (Cleomaceae), utilizando-se temperaturas alternadas, estratificação úmida fria, armazenamento seco e tratamento de imersão em GA3. Os resultados indicaram que as sementes maduras frescas de T. hassleriana tinham dormência combinada, incluindo dormência física e dormência fisiológica não profunda tipo 2, e eram fotoblásticas, com temperatura ótima de germinação de 35 °C. Além disso, sementes maduras frescas de T. hassleriana podem ter a dormência eficientemente quebrada e germinar por temperatura alternada de 20 °C/30 °C, estratificação úmida fria e estratificação úmida fria após armazenamento seco. Além disso, o tratamento de imersão com GA3 também pode quebrar a dormência e subsequente germinação a 35 °C, e o tratamento de armazenamento a seco pode quebrar a dormência e subsequente germinação a 5-15 °C. Esses resultados também sugerem que houve interações complexas entre o fitohormônio, o potencial osmótico e as vias regulatórias de sinalização de temperatura durante a liberação de dormência e germinação de sementes de T. hassleriana, que merecem um estudo mais aprofundado. Resumo vegetais Baseandose Baseando se Cleomaceae, Cleomaceae , (Cleomaceae) utilizandose utilizando alternadas GA T combinada 2 fotoblásticas 3 C °C disso C30 30 °C/3 515 5 15 5-1 fitohormônio aprofundado (Cleomaceae C3 °C/ 51 1 5-

Abstract: Elucidating the physiological and ecological mechanisms of seed dormancy and germination is of great significance for species conservation and the application of plant resources. Based on Baskin and Baskin’s classification system for seed dormancy, the cause of dormancy in Tarenaya hassleriana (Cleomaceae) seeds was studied using alternating temperature, cold moist stratification, dry storage, and GA3 soaking treatment. The results indicated that fresh mature T. hassleriana seeds had a combinational dormancy, including a physical dormancy and a type 2 non-deep physiological dormancy, and were photoblastic, with an optimal germination temperature of 35°C. In addition, fresh mature T. hassleriana seeds may be efficiently released from dormancy and promoted to germinate by an alternating temperature of 20 °C/30 °C, cold moist stratification, and cold moist stratification following dry storage. Furthermore, GA3 soaking treatment could also promote dormancy release and subsequent germination at 35 °C, and dry storage treatment could promote dormancy release and subsequent germination at 5-15 °C. These results also suggested that there were complex cross-talks among phytohormone, osmotic potential, and the temperature signaling regulatory pathways during dormancy release and germination of T. hassleriana seeds, which deserve further study. Abstract resources Baskins s Cleomaceae (Cleomaceae GA T nondeep non deep photoblastic 35C C 35°C addition C30 30 °C/3 °C Furthermore 3 515 5 15 5-1 crosstalks cross talks phytohormone potential study C3 °C/ 51 1 5-

Abstract Background: UVB irradiation can cause acute damage such as sunburn, or photoaging and melanoma, all of which are major health threats. Objective: This study was designed to investigate the mechanism of skin photoaging induced by UVB radiation in mice through the analysis of the differential expression of miRNAs. Methods: A UVB irradiation photoaging model was constructed. HE and Masson special stains were used to examine the modifications in the epidermis and dermis of mice. The miRNA expression profiles of the mouse skin model exposed to UVB radiation and the normal skin of mice were analyzed using miRNA-sequence analysis. GO and Pathway analysis were employed for the prediction of miRNA targets. Results: A total of 23 miRNAs were evaluated for significantly different expressions in comparison to normal skin. Among them, 7 miRNAs were up-regulated and 16 were down-regulated in the skin with photoaging of mice exposed to UVB irradiation. The differential expression of miRNA is related to a variety of signal transduction pathways, among which mmu-miR-195a-5p and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathways are crucial. There was a significant differential expression of miRNA in the skin of normal mice in comparison with the skin with photoaging induced by UVB irradiation. Study limitations: Due to time and energy constraints, the specific protein level verification, MAPK pathway exploration, and miR-195a-5p downstream molecular mechanism need to be further studied in the future. Conclusions: UVB-induced skin photoaging can be diagnosed and treated using miRNA.

Abstract INTRODUCTION Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is a complex health problem, causing difficulties in clinical–therapeutic management worldwide. It is of particular concern in Latin America, the Caribbean and China, where it is an emerging health problem. Carbapenemases produced by these organisms inactivate carbapenem antibiotics. Monitoring circulating genotypes’ geographic dispersion contributes to more effective control measures. However, exhaustive studies on carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii are scarce. OBJECTIVES Study the production of carbapenemases in clinical isolates of A. baumannii resistant to carbapenem antibiotics and the geographic distribution of the sequences circulating in China, Latin America and the Caribbean. DATA ACQUISITION We followed PRISMA indications. We carried out a systematic search in Pubmed, BVS and CKNI on papers on A. baumannii and carbapenemases published during 2015–2020 in English, Spanish and Chinese, and selected 29 cross-sectional studies that met the search criteria. Studies were evaluated using JBI Critical Appraisal tools, and quantitative data were collated for meta-analysis using the Metaprop library in Stata15. DEVELOPMENT OXA-type carbapenemases were detected in all studies; among A. baumannii resistant to carbapenem antibiotics, predominant types were OXA-23, OXA-24, OXA-54 and OXA-72; metallobetalactamases were identified less frequently than OXA carbapenemases. Only one clinical isolate producer of Class A carbapenemases (KPC) was identified in Colombia. In total, 41 sequence types were identified; in Latin America and the Caribbean the most common types were: ST79, ST25, ST1 and ST15; in China, the sequences ST195, ST208, ST191, ST368 and ST369 were the most prevalent. ST2 was found in both regions. CONCLUSIONS The most prevalent carbapenemases and sequence types vary by region, indicating different ancestral strains. Microbiological surveillance, antibiotic use optimization, adequate infection treatment and timely control strategies are essential for carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii prevention and control in geographies such as Latin America, the Caribbean and China where such resistance is an emerging health problem.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Bacterial resistance endangers the health and survival of human beings and increases the economic burden on society and patients. It is a global phenomenon; therefore, Cuba is not exempted from it. Objective: To present the social and economic impact of antimicrobial resistance from a philosophical point of view as well as to describe the role of a preventive measure to stop antimicrobial resistance. Material and Methods: A review of bibliographic sources was carried out in databases such as PubMed and the Regional Portal of the Virtual Health Library; Google Scholar search engine was also used. Development: Social, economic and ethical aspects related to bacterial resistance are analyzed. A preventive measure to stop antimicrobial resistance is described. In addition, the relationship between antibacterial drugs, bacterial resistance and prevention and control measures is analyzed from the point of view of science-technology-society. Conclusions: Human society is constantly developing and progressing under the promotion of science and technology. In just a few decades, antibiotics have gone from being "miracle drugs of great impact on health" to being "a non-renewable resource in danger of extinction". Necessary measures such as the optimization of the use of antibiotics, a health policy support, and a health strategy for the prevention and control of infections must be taken to stop the development of bacterial resistance.

RESUMEN Introducción: La resistencia bacteriana pone en peligro la salud y la supervivencia de los seres humanos, aumenta la carga económica de la sociedad y los pacientes. Es un fenómeno global por lo que Cuba no queda exenta. Objetivos: Exponer el impacto social y económico de la resistencia antimicrobiana desde el punto de vista filosófico y describir el rol de una medida preventiva en la contención de la resistencia antimicrobiana. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de fuentes bibliográficas que fueron localizadas mediante la base de datos Pubmed, Portal Regional de la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud y el motor de búsqueda Google Académico. Desarrollo: Se analizan los aspectos sociales, económicos y éticos relacionados con la resistencia bacteriana y se ejemplifica una medida preventiva en la contención de la resistencia antimicrobiana. Además, se analiza la relación entre fármacos antibacterianos, resistencia bacteriana y medidas de prevención y control desde el punto de vista de ciencia-tecnología-sociedad. Conclusiones: La sociedad humana se desarrolla y progresa constantemente bajo la promoción de la ciencia y la tecnología. En pocas décadas, los antibióticos han pasado de ser "drogas milagrosas de gran impacto para la salud” a ser "un recurso no renovable en vías de extinción”. Se deben adoptar las acciones pertinentes para frenar el desarrollo de la resistencia bacteriana con un enfoque multisectorial. Se requiere una gobernanza, optimización del uso de antibióticos, apoyos de políticas de salud y un fortalecimiento de los programas de prevención y control de infecciones.

The development of chemotherapy resistance significantly impairs the efficiency of chemotherapy, but the underlying mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance in gastric cancer (GC) are complicated and still need to be further explored. Here, we aimed to reveal the effects of miR-4290/PDK1 (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1) axis on chemotherapy resistance of GC in vitro. The expression patterns of miR-4290 in GC tissues and cell lines were determined by real-time quantitative PCR. Kaplan-Meier was used to assess the relationship between miR-4290 expression levels and patients' overall survival. CCK-8 and flow cytometry technologies were applied to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis. The luciferase gene reporter assay was used to evaluate the interaction between miR-4290 and PDK1. miR-4290 was lowly expressed in GC tissues and cell lines, which was closely associated with the shorter overall survival of GC patients. miR-4290 mimics significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis, as well as induced a significant reduction in the expression of PDK1. Moreover, miR-4290 significantly inhibited glycolysis and decreased the IC50 value to cisplatin in SGC7901 cells, whereas these effects were abolished and cell apoptosis was promoted when PDK1 was overexpressed. In conclusion, this study revealed that miR-4290 suppressed PDK1-mediated glycolysis to enhance the sensitivity of GC cells to cisplatin.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Osteosarcoma is the most prevalent malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Lung metastases are associated with poor prognosis. OBJECTIVE: The aim here was to explore the prevalence of and risk and prognostic factors for lung metastases in high-grade osteosarcoma patients. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective cohort study based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database in the United States. METHODS: Data on 1,408 high-grade osteosarcoma patients registered in the SEER database between 2010 and 2015 were extracted. From these, all patients with high-grade osteosarcoma and initial lung metastasis were selected for analysis on risk and prognostic factors for lung metastases. Overall survival was estimated. RESULTS: There were 238 patients (16.90%) with lung metastases at diagnosis. Axial location, tumor size > 10 cm (odds ratio, OR 3.19; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.58-6.45), higher N stage (OR 4.84; 95% CI: 1.94-12.13) and presence of bone metastases (OR 8.73; 95% CI: 4.37-17.48) or brain metastases (OR 25.63; 95% CI: 1.55-422.86) were significantly associated with lung metastases. Younger age and surgical treatment (hazard ratio, HR 0.46; 95% CI: 0.30-0.71) favored survival. Median survival was prolonged through primary tumor surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The factors revealed here may guide lung metastasis screening and prophylactic treatment for osteosarcoma patients. A primary tumor in an axial location, greater primary tumor size, higher lymph node stage and presence of bone or brain metastases were significantly correlated with lung metastases. The elderly group (≥ 60 years) showed significant correlation with poor overall survival. For improved survival among high-grade osteosarcoma patients with lung metastases, aggressive surgery on the primary tumor site should be encouraged.

The superlarge Dongfeng gold deposit is located in the Potouqing faults-alteration belt of the eastern part of the 'Zhao-Lai-gold ore belt', which belongs to the northwestern part of the Jiaodong area. Tectonically, ore bodies are controlled by faults and gold mainly occurs in the pyrite and polymetallic sulfide-bearing quartz vein. In this paper, Rb-Sr isotopic analysis is carried out with the beresite, which formed by hydrothermal metasomatism, and the Rb-Sr isochron age is 125.5±6.7Ma, indicating this deposit set up in the early Cretaceous of the late Yanshanian. Based on the relationship between the Dongfeng gold deposit and the Mesozoic granite, it is suggested that the formation of the gold deposit is a complex geological process of gradual enrichment and precipitation of the ore-forming elements. The initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of the beresite is 0.711502±0.000069, which indicates the ore-forming materials mainly come from the crust. Combined with the complex mineralization process of the Dongfeng gold deposit and the reported H-O isotopic data, it is suggested that the ore-forming materials are mainly derived from the crust with some mantle materials, while the ore-forming fluids are originated primarily from magmatic hydrothermal and mantle with some precipitate water.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Long non-coding RNAs can regulate tumorigenesis of various cancers. Dys-regulation of lncRNA-AFAP1-AS1 has not been studied in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). This study was to examine the function involvement of AFAP1-AS1 in tumor growth and metastasis of CRC. METHODS: Relative expression of AFAP1-AS1 in CRC tissues and CRC cells lines was determined using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Functional involvement of AFAP1-AS1 in tumor proliferation and metastasis was evaluated in AFAP1-AS1-specific siRNA-treated CRC cells and in CRC cell xenograft. Expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene expression was determined using western blot. RESULTS: Relative expression of AFAP1-AS1 was significantly elevated in CRC tissues and CRC HCT116 and SW480 cell lines. AFAP1-AS1 knock-down suppressed SW480 cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion. Also AFAP1-AS1 knock-down inhibited tumor metastasis-associated genes expression in terms of EMT. This carcinostatic action by AFAP1-AS1 knock-down was further confirmed by suppression of tumor formation and hepatic metastasis of CRC cells in nude mice. CONCLUSION: lncRNA-AFAP1-AS1 knock-down exhibits antitumor effect on colorectal carcinoma in respects of suppression of cell proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells.

Berberine, a constituent of some traditional Chinese medicinal plants, has been reported to have cytotoxicity effects on different human cancer cell lines. There is no available information about the effects and mechanism of action of berberine on human colon cancer cell line HCT-8. In this paper, the cytotoxicity of berberine on HCT-8 cancer cells was investigated by MTT assay, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. Our data revealed that berberine could significantly inhibit the growth of HCT-8 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Morphology of apoptotic cells was studied with acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. The concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase and both acid and alkaline phosphatases were significantly increased in cell supernatants after berberine treatment, suggesting cell death. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis showed that berberine could arrest HCT-8 cells at S phase in a time-dependent manner. To further investigate the apoptotic molecular mechanism, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting methods were used. The up-regulated mRNA and/or protein expressions of Fas, FasL, TNF-a, caspase-3 and down-regulation of pro-caspase-3 suggest that the death receptor pathway may be involved in the apoptotic pathway induced by berberine. Decrease of Bcl-2 and increase of Bax in mRNA and/or protein expressions showed that the Bcl-2 family proteins were involved in berberine-induced apoptosis. We also found that berberine-induced apoptosis was associated with an up-regulated expressions of p53 and prohibitin (PHB), and decreased vimentin expression. These results suggest that berberine can suppress cell growth and reduce cell survival by arresting the cell-cycle and by inducing apoptosis of HCT-8 cells.

We wish to report a set of seventeen ketones bearing nabumetone and trifluoro- methylaniline(TFMA) moieties. Synthesized via direct Mannich reaction in a solution of ethanol- chloroform catalyzed by concentrated hydrochloric acid, the chemical structures of these compounds were characterized by IR, ¹H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI MS and HR MS. Studies on their antidiabetic activities revealed that all title compounds possessed moderate α-glucosidase inhibitory activities and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP 1B) inhibitory activities. Among them, a few compounds also exhibit considerable peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor response element (PPRE) agonist activity, in particular the relative PPRE agonist activity of compounds 1r and 1l reached 54.02% and 57.60%, respectively. These results represent significant examples of new molecular type for antidiabetic agents that merit further evaluation.