Abstract Wheat flour with high protein quality is utilized for a wide scope of heated items particularly bread because of the viscoelastic property of the wheat flour that exhibits both viscous and elastic characteristics when undergoing deformation. Wheat contains the gluten framing proteins that structure a viscoelastic. D-glucans is considered as one of the best hydrocolloids for their gelling capacity and ability to impart the viscosity of aqueous solutions. By framing this viscoelastic mixture, permits the air cell to join and opposes its blend. The blending procedure includes the blending of flour and different fixings with water and which is also affects the last item surface. The target of blending is to shape and form the gluten organizes into a viscoelastic, with the capacity to hold joined air. The acid and basic value of pH is important for every sector such as; food and chemical industries, some important bakery products, and pH (Biscuits; 7.0-7.2, Baker’s yeast bread; 5.3-5.8 and Sourdough bread; 3.8-4.6, etc.). Gluten makes them flexible enough to expand as a little inflatable without damaging the air pocket dividers before the bread is proven. The flavor and crunchy texture of wheat pieces of bread sharpen our appetite and satisfy our basic human cravings for comfort as well as nutrition. At the point, when flour produced using pounding these grains are blended in with water, the two proteins join and structure gluten and without water, gluten isn't shaped. According to its summary article, it tries to clarify how the chemical compatible properties of dough work to make and preserve gluten framing proteins. Wheat bran increased dough stability by raising the farinograph property, enhanced dough elasticity by raising elastic modulus and decreased tan of the dough at all gluten contents, according to viscoelastic profiles. The findings help to understand the mode of action of the modification on wheat bran and the formation of the gluten network.

Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPN-B) is a rare preinvasive intraductal pathology of the biliary tract. It should be differentiated from other more common benign or malignant causes of biliary obstruction and dilatation such as calculi or cholangiocarcinoma because the management and prognosis of this condition differs significantly. This case report describes a case of IPN-B in a 45-year-old female patient who presented with non-specific complaints of chronic abdominal pain without jaundice for three months.

Abstract Objectives To evaluate different types of perianal fistulas and their complications on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to compare plain, contrast, and jelly magnetic resonance fistulography findings. Materials and Methods This prospective study was performed in 30 patients who presented with perianal pus discharge or external fistulous opening. Magnetic resonance imaging of the perianal region before and after giving intravenous contrast and after injecting jelly through a percutaneous opening was performed on a 3T scanner and the results were correlated. Results The mean age of the patients was 40.13±13.88 years (range 19-75 years). The male to female ratio was 14:1. The most common type of fistula was St. James classification type I, which was seen in 13 patients (43%), followed by type IV in 30%, type III in 16%, type II in 6.66%, and type V in 3.33% of the patients. Using agreement analysis, we compared the number of primary and secondary tracts, internal openings, and horseshoe tracts and found a significant agreement between plain and post Jelly MRI fistulography (kappa statistic close to 1).When comparing plain and contrast MRI, there was significant agreement in the primary and secondary tracts, while statistically insignificant results were obtained (p>0.05) for the horseshoe tract and internal openings. Contrast injection was helpful in 7 subjects (23.3%) as peripheral enhancement of abscesses were better delineated. Conclusion Magnetic resonance imaging is the one stop diagnostic modality for perianal fistulas. Acquisition of axial (Ax) T2, axial T2 FS, coronal T2 and coronal T2 FS sequences without administering intravenous contrast or jelly is usually sufficient for the diagnosis of fistulas and their complications.

ABSTRACT Objective To study gender differences in insulin and C-peptide concentrations at birth using cord blood collection. Subjects and methods This study was conducted in a maternity hospital, in Jammu province of Jammu and Kashmir, India. All women with pregnancy who were hospitalized for delivery were followed. All pregnant ladies who had no medical condition affecting insulin levels, as per history and routine antenatal blood testing, were included in the study. The test for cord plasma insulin and C-peptide was done in 60 (30 males) full-term (≥ 37 completed weeks) normal delivery babies within 4 hours of the collection of samples using the electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) on Roche elecsys module immunoassay analyzer. Weight of the babies was taken immediately after birth using digital scales. Results Cord plasma insulin and C-peptide measured in EDTA were compared between boys and girls and also related to birth weight. Girls were lighter (2,830 ± 37 vs. 3,236 ± 46 g; p = < 0.001) but had higher cord insulin (16.48 ± 4.88 vs. 10.53 ± 4.04 µU/mL; p = < 0.001), and C-peptide (2.47 ± 0.66 vs. 0.834 ± 0.26 ng/mL; p = < 0.001) concentrations than newborn boys. Conclusion Female newborn babies have higher cord plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations than male newborns, despite being smaller, suggesting intrinsic insulin resistance in girls.

Aim: Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers inherent properties have made it the nanocarrier of choice in the current era of innovation. Dendrimer based products are growing and mushrooming like anything in the current time. Although it suffer from hemolytic toxicity which could be reduced by protecting free amino group. Methods: In the present work alternate acetylated method for PAMAM dendrimers was discussed. 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide Linker was used for acetylation. The acetylated conjugate was evaluated for color reaction, Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, Differential scanning calorimetric, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra studies. Results: The PAMAM dendrimers were synthesized using divergent approach and further acetylated. Change in λmax values from 282.0 to 282.5 nm was observed for acetylated dendrimers. Characteristic peak of N-H stretch of primary amine at 3284.16 cm-1 was disappeared due to conversion of primary amine to secondary amine. A new peak of -(CO)-NH stretch was obtained at 1640.28 cm-1 (medium) which shows attachment of acetic acid surface group. The changes in Endothermic peak from 120.56 to 110.40ºC were observed which shows the PAMAM dendrimers surface modifications The peak of -NH2 at 2.99 ppm was replaced by (-NHCOCH3) at 2.42 ppm further supports the proof of acetylation. Conclusions: The spectral data clearly revealed that this approach for acetylation gives considerable amount of acetylation in less time duration with elimination of organic solvent. This method could be employed for regular acetylation of amine terminated nanocarriers. EDC linker mediated capping of amine groups opened a new avenue for acetylation of amine terminated protein/peptides.

Objetivos: Las propiedades inherentes de la poliamidoamina (PAMAM) la han convertido en el nanotransportador de elección en la era actual de la innovación. A pesar de que sufren de toxicidad hemolítica que podría ser reducido mediante la protección del grupo amino libre. En el presente trabajo se discutió el método alternativo de acetilación para los dendrímeros PAMAM. Material y Métodos: El enlazador 1-Etill-3-(3-dimetilaminopropil) carbodiimida (EDC) se utilizó para la acetilación. El conjugado acetilado se evaluó mediante la reacción de color, mediante espectroscopia Ultravioleta visible, espectroscopia infrarroja con transformado de Fourrier, Calorimetría Diferencial de barrido y los estudios de los espectros de Resonancia magnetica nuclear. Resultados: Los dendrímeros PAMAM se sintetizaron utilizando el método divergente y más acetilado. Cambio en los valores λmax 282,0 a 282,5 nm se observó para dendrímeros acetilados. El pico característico del NH de amina primaria a 3284,16 cm-1, desapareció debido a la conversión de amina primaria a amina secundaria. Un nuevo pico de - (CO) -NH se obtuvo a 1640,28 cm-1 (medianas), que muestra la unión de grupo de superficie de ácido acético. Se observaron los cambios en el pico endotérmico de 120,56 a 110.40 ºC que muestra las modificaciones superficiales de dendrímeros PAMAM. El pico de -NH2 en 2,99 ppm fue sustituido por (-NHCOCH3) a 2,42 ppm apoya aun más la prueba de acetilación. Conclusión: Los datos espectrales revelaron claramente que este enfoque para la acetilación da considerable cantidad de acetilación en menos tiempo de duración con la eliminación de disolvente orgánico. Este método podría ser empleado para regular la acetilación de las aminas terminales de nanovehículos. El enlazador EDC de grupos amino abre una nueva vía para la acetilación de amina terminales de proteínas / péptidos.

In the present investigation, response of the stiffened sandwich foam panels with closed-cell aluminum foam cores subjected to blast load is examined. The panels have the metal foam sandwiched between two steel sheets. To improve resistance of the sandwich foam panel against blast, stiffeners are provided and their dynamic response under varying blast load is studied. Blast load is applied using blast equations available in LS-DYNA which takes into account reflection of blast from surface of the sandwich foam panel. Finite element based numerical simulations for dynamic analysis are performed employing a combination of shell and solid elements for steel sheets and metal foam, respectively. Quantitative assessment of dynamic response of the sandwich foam panels is made, primarily focusing on peak central point displacement of back-sheet (opposite to explosion) of the panel. Several analyses are carried out with an objective to understand the effects of stiffener configuration, foam thickness, foam density, and standoff distance on the blast response. Results indicate that the provision of stiffeners along with metal foam considerably increases blast resistance as compared to the unstiffened panels with the metal foam.