Abstract The fishing industry produces byproducts that accumulate and cause environmental pollution problems; however, could be used as an alternative source of nutrients in ruminants. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the response over ruminal microbiome, apparent digestibility and productivity of Katahdin lambs fed different levels of shrimp shell meal (HCC). Four male lambs with live weight of 22 ± 2.5 kg were assigned in a repeated Latin square design (4 animals x 4 treatments). The animals were assigned for 16 days per period to diets with 0, 5, 10 and 20 g 100 g DM of HCC, the treatments were: HCC0, HCC5, HCC10 and HCC20, respectively. The greatest daily weight gain was found in the HCC5 treatment (P ≤ 0.05). However, the highest dry matter intake was observed in animals with the HCC20 diet (P ≤ 0.05). In the apparent digestibility of the dry matter there was no difference between treatments (P > 0.05), neither in the concentration of total bacteria (P > 0.05), while the concentration of cellulolytic bacteria and chitin-degrading bacteria was higher in the animals from HCC20 treatment (P ≤ 0.05). The results indicate an adaptation of the ruminal microbiome to high doses of HCC, therefore, HCC can be used in diets for sheep without effect on rumen metabolism and microbial, nutrient digestibility and animal performance.

Resumen La industria pesquera genera subproductos que al acumularse causan problemas de contaminación ambiental; sin embargo, podrían ser una fuente de nutrientes para rumiantes. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la respuesta sobre el microbioma ruminal, la digestibilidad aparente y productividad de borregos Katahdin alimentados con diferentes niveles de harina de caparazón de camarón (HCC). Cuatro borregos machos con peso vivo de 22 ± 2.5 kg fueron asignados en un diseño cuadrado latino (4 animales x 4 tratamientos) repetido. Los animales fueron asignados durante 16 días por periodo a dietas con 0, 5, 10 y 20 g 100 g-1 de MS de HCC, los tratamientos fueron: HCC0, HCC5, HCC10 y HCC20, respectivamente. La mayor ganancia diaria de peso se tuvo en los animales del tratamiento HCC5 (P ≤ 0.05). Sin embargo, el mayor consumo de materia seca se observó en los animales con la dieta HCC20 (P ≤ 0.05). En la digestibilidad aparente de la materia seca no hubo diferencia entre tratamientos (P > 0.05), ni en la concentración de bacterias totales (P > 0.05), mientras que la concentración de bacterias celulolíticas y de bacterias degradadoras de quitina, fue mayor en los animales del tratamiento con HCC20 (P ≤ 0.05). Los resultados indican una adaptación del microbioma ruminal a dosis altas de HCC, por tanto, se puede usar HCC en dietas para borregos sin efecto en el metabolismo y microbiana ruminal, la digestibilidad de los nutrientes y en el desempeño de los animales.

ABSTRACT The objective was to identify the existing influence between didactic experiences through YouTube songs and improvements in basic English language skills in university students, which revealed a positive mean correlation (rs=0.664) between didactic experiences using YouTube songs and the improvement of English skills. Some 60.4% of university students prefer to learn English face-to-face, while 47.3% benefit from ICT integration and encourage class participation. With a bilateral significance (P < 0.05), the importance of didactic planning (rs=0.498), decision making (rs=0.582) and innovation (rs=0.636) in the development of English communication skills is confirmed.

RESUMEN El objetivo fue identificar la influencia existente entre las experiencias didácticas a través de las canciones de YouTube y las mejoras en las competencias básicas del idioma inglés en los universitarios, el cual reveló una correlación positiva media (rs=0.664) entre las experiencias didácticas usando canciones de YouTube y el mejoramiento de las competencias en inglés. Un 60.4% de los estudiantes universitarios prefieren aprender inglés presencialmente, mientras que el 47.3% beneficia de la integración de TICs y fomenta la participación en clase. Con una significancia bilateral (P < 0.05), se confirma la importancia de la planificación didáctica (rs=0.498), toma de decisiones (rs=0.582) e innovación (rs=0.636) en el desarrollo de habilidades comunicacionales en inglés.

ABSTRACT: In the peruvian highlands, the production of alfalfa and the fattening of guinea pigs face issues that impact the breeders' economy. A study in the hamlet of Coñaica (Panao, Pachitea, Huánuco) was conducted to assess the impact of biofertilization on alfalfa biomass and guinea pig fattening. Two experimental designs were implemented: the RCBD to measure alfalfa biomass and a CRD to study the fattening of weaned guinea pigs (both males and females). The three evaluated treatments included the application of Effective Microorganisms (EM) to the foliage (T1), EM to the soil (T2), and a control group without EM, with a dosage of 10% every 15 days. Biofertilized alfalfa was used as feed for male and female guinea pigs for a period of nine weeks. It was distinguished that the EM treatment to the foliage significantly increased the biomass of alfalfa and favorably affected the fattening of guinea pigs, although a significant improvement in the feed conversion rate was only observed in male guinea pigs. These findings suggest that foliar EM applications with a dosage of 10% every 15 days promote higher alfalfa productivity and enhance the guinea pig fattening process.

RESUMEN: En la sierra peruana, la producción de alfalfa y el engorde de cuyes enfrentan problemas que impactan la economía de los criadores. Un estudio en el Caserío de Coñaica (Panao, Pachitea, Huánuco) se llevó a cabo para evaluar el impacto de la biofertilización en la biomasa de alfalfa y el engorde de cuyes. Se implementaron dos diseños experimentales: DBCA para medir la biomasa de alfalfa y DCA para estudiar el engorde de cuyes destetados (machos y hembras). Los tres tratamientos evaluados fueron: aplicación de microorganismos eficaces (EM) al follaje (T1), EM al suelo (T2) y un grupo de control sin EM, con dosis del 10% cada 15 días. La alfalfa biofertilizada se utilizó como alimento para los cuyes machos y hembras durante nueve semanas. Se distinguió que el tratamiento de EM al follaje incrementó significativamente la biomasa de la alfalfa y afectó favorablemente al engorde de los cuyes, aunque solo se evidenció una mejora significativa en la conversión alimenticia de los cuyes machos. Estos resultados indican que las aplicaciones de EM al follaje con una dosis del 10% cada 15 días promueven una mayor productividad en la alfalfa y benefician el proceso de engorde de los cuyes.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar e interpretar como os cirurgiões vitreorretinianos utilizam os vídeos cirúrgicos disponíveis nas mídias sociais como ferramentas complementares de aprendizagem para melhorar, revisar ou atualizar suas habilidades, considerando seus diferentes níveis de especialização. Métodos: Nesta pesquisa transversal, um survey online foi enviado à especialistas e aprendizes na área vítreo-retiniana. Resultados: Esta pesquisa incluiu 258 participantes, dos quais 53,88% atuavam há mais de 10 anos (cirurgiões seniores), 29,07% entre 4 e 10 anos (cirurgiões jovens) e 17,05% há menos de 3 anos (cirurgiões em treinamento). Vídeos cirúrgicos de retina nas mídias sociais foram usados por 98,84% dos participantes (intervalo de confiança de 95%, 97,52%-100%). A fonte mais comum de acesso aos vídeos foi o YouTube (91%), e o grupo de cirurgiões com menos de 3 anos de experiência assistiu mais vídeos no YouTube em comparação aos cirurgiões seniores. Assistir a vídeos cirúrgicos nas redes sociais foi o método preferido na preparação para um procedimento para 49,80% dos participantes versus 26,27% que preferiram “consultar colegas” e 18,82% que preferiram buscar informações em artigos científicos. A “qualidade de imagem” (88%) e a presença de “dicas e truques cirúrgicos” (85%) foram as características dos vídeos mais valorizadas pelos participantes. Conclusão: O uso de vídeos cirúrgicos pode trazer benefícios na aquisição de habilidades estratégicas, como tomada de decisão, planejamento cirúrgico e consciência situacional. Sua aplicação como auxiliar de ensino foi utilizada por cirurgiões de retina independentemente de seu nível de especialização, apesar de ser relativamente mais valioso para cirurgiões em formação ou com menos de 10 anos de experiência. Objetivo melhorar especialização Métodos transversal vítreoretiniana. vítreoretiniana vítreo retiniana. retiniana vítreo-retiniana Resultados 25 5388 53 88 53,88 1 seniores, seniores , seniores) 2907 29 07 29,07 jovens 1705 17 05 17,05 treinamento. treinamento . treinamento) 9884 98 84 98,84 intervalo 95 95% 97,52%100%. 9752100 97,52% 100% 97 52 100 97,52%-100%) 91%, 91 91% (91%) 4980 49 80 49,80 2627 26 27 26,27 consultar colegas 1882 18 82 18,82 científicos qualidade imagem 88% (88% dicas 85% 85 (85% Conclusão estratégicas decisão situacional 2 538 5 8 53,8 290 0 29,0 170 17,0 988 9 98,8 97,52%100% 975210 9752 97,52 97,52%-100% (91% 498 49,8 262 26,2 188 18,8 (88 (85 53, 29, 17, 98, 97,52%100 97521 975 97,5 97,52%-100 (91 49, 26, 18, (8 97,52%10 97, 97,52%-10 (9 ( 97,52%1 97,52%-1 97,52%-

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to assess and interpret how vitreoretinal surgeons use surgical videos available on social media as complementary learning tools to improve, review, or update their abilities, considering their different levels of expertise. Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, an online survey was sent to vitreoretinal specialists and fellows. Results: This survey included 258 participants, of whom 53.88% had been in practice for >10 years (senior surgeons), 29.07% between 4 and 10 years (young surgeons), and 17.05% for <3 years (surgeons in training). Retinal surgical videos available on social media were used by 98.84% of the participants (95% confidence interval, 97.52%-100%). YouTube (91%) was the most common source of videos, and surgeons in training watched more videos on YouTube than senior surgeons. Regarding the preferred method when preparing for a procedure, 49.80% of the participants watched surgical videos available on social media, 26.27% preferred to “consult colleagues”, and 18.82% preferred to seek information in scientific articles. Participants valued the most the “image quality” (88%) and presence of “surgical tips and tricks” (85%). Conclusion: Surgical videos can provide benefits in acquiring strategic skills, such as decision-making, surgical planning, and situational awareness. Retina surgeons used them as teaching aids regardless of their level of expertise, despite being relatively more valuable to surgeons in training or young surgeons. Purpose improve review abilities expertise Methods crosssectional cross sectional fellows Results 25 5388 53 88 53.88 >1 surgeons, , surgeons) 2907 29 07 29.07 1 1705 17 05 17.05 3 < training. . training) 9884 98 84 98.84 95% 95 (95 interval 97.52%100%. 9752100 97.52% 100% 97 52 100 97.52%-100%) 91% 91 (91% procedure 4980 49 80 49.80 2627 26 27 26.27 consult colleagues, colleagues colleagues” 1882 18 82 18.82 articles image quality 88% (88% tricks 85%. 85 85% (85%) Conclusion skills decisionmaking, decisionmaking decision making, making decision-making planning awareness 2 538 5 8 53.8 > 290 0 29.0 170 17.0 988 9 98.8 (9 97.52%100% 975210 9752 97.52 97.52%-100% (91 498 49.8 262 26.2 188 18.8 (88 (85% 53. 29. 17. 98. ( 97.52%100 97521 975 97.5 97.52%-100 49. 26. 18. (8 (85 97.52%10 97. 97.52%-10 97.52%1 97.52%-1 97.52%-

Abstract In the community of Santiago Ecatlán, Jonotla, Puebla, located in a cultural region inhabited by Totonacos, the residents take advantage of various plant species with different uses. Among the edible species, some of the Begonia genus (Begoniaceae) stand out, valued mainly for their cultural importance. The petioles of these begonias are consumed as "quelites" and are appreciated both for their flavor and for the economic income they generate through their sale. Factors such as cultural erosion, climate change, the exchange of species between communities from different states, in addition to advances in taxonomic studies, can modify the existing information from previous works about plants. Therefore, the objective of this work was to update the information on edible begonias, their propagation and form of consumption in the community of Ecatlán, through an ethnobotanical study. The information was collected through participant observation, open and semi-structured interviews, and the collection of botanical samples. The following species were identified: Begonia thiemei and B. manicata as the most used, B. heracleifolia with two variants, a probable hybrid between B. heracleifolia and B. manicata, which had possibly been reported by other authors as B. barkeri or B. aff. barkeri and another identified only to the genus, whose morphological characteristics suggest that it could be a new species for science. Regarding the species mentioned by other authors as edible in the area, there was agreement on the use of Begonia heracleifolia, B. manicata and the probable hybrid mentioned above. However, no evidence was found of the presence and/or use of B. fusca, B. incarnata and B. glabra, reported in previous works. Finally, it was recorded that B. nelumbonifolia is not appreciated as food by the local inhabitants. The identified species were found in family gardens, coffee plantations, "ranches" and along roads. Based on the information collected, it was found that the propagation of begonias is carried out in two ways: 1) through the rhizomes and 2) in the case of B. thiemei, by cutting the mature leaf, approximately 2 -3 cm below the leaf blade, and its subsequent planting in soil. These species are available throughout the year, and the preparation of the traditional dish includes various ingredients, including species from the Apiaceae and Piperaceae families.

Resumen En la comunidad de Santiago Ecatlán, Jonotla, Puebla, ubicada en una región cultural habitada por totonacos, los pobladores aprovechan diversas especies vegetales con distintos usos. Entre las especies comestibles, destacan algunas del género Begonia (Begoniaceae), valoradas principalmente por su importancia cultural. Los peciolos de estas begonias se consumen como "quelites" y son apreciados tanto por su sabor como por los ingresos económicos que generan a través de su venta. Factores como la erosión cultural, el cambio climático, el intercambio de especies entre comunidades de diferentes estados, además de los avances en los estudios taxonómicos, pueden modificar la información existente de trabajos anteriores acerca de las plantas. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo fue actualizar la información sobre las begonias comestibles, su propagación y forma de consumo en la comunidad de Ecatlán, a través de un estudio etnobotánico. La información se recopiló mediante la observación participante, entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas y la recolección de muestras botánicas. Se identificaron las siguientes especies: Begonia thiemei y B. manicata como las más utilizadas, B. heracleifolia con dos variantes, un probable híbrido entre B. heracleifolia y B. manicata, que posiblemente había sido reportado por otros autores como B. barkeri o B. aff. barkeri y otra identificada solamente a género, cuyas características morfológicas hacen suponer que podría ser una especie nueva para la ciencia. En cuanto a las especies mencionadas por otros autores como comestibles en la zona, se coincidió en el uso de Begonia heracleifolia, B. manicata y el probable híbrido mencionado anteriormente. Sin embargo, no se encontraron indicios de la presencia y/o uso de B. fusca, B. incarnata y B. glabra, reportadas en trabajos anteriores. Por último, se registró que B. nelumbonifolia no es apreciada como alimento por los habitantes de la localidad. Las especies identificadas se encontraron en huertos familiares, cafetales, "ranchos" y a lo largo de los caminos. Con base en la información recopilada se encontró que la propagación de las begonias se lleva a cabo de dos formas: 1) a través de los rizomas y 2) en el caso de B. thiemei, mediante el corte de la hoja madura, aproximadamente 2-3 cm por debajo de la lámina foliar, y su posterior plantación en tierra. Estas especies están disponibles durante todo el año, y la preparación del platillo tradicional incluye diversos ingredientes, entre ellos, especies de las familias Apiaceae y Piperaceae.

RESUMO As aves silvestres têm grande destaque na transmissão de doenças ao homem, principalmente pela facilidade de acesso à população humana, levantando preocupações sobre o potencial impacto dessa proximidade no contexto da saúde pública. O presente estudo relata a ocorrência de ARV e PBV em aves silvestres de uma área de proteção ambiental no bioma Amazônico. Obtivemos 155 espécimes fecais de 47 espécies de aves silvestres, que foram submetidos a extração de RNA, detecção de ARV e PBV por técnicas moleculares, sequenciamento nucleotídico e análise filogenética. A prevalência de infecção por ARV foi 0,6% (1/155), sendo positivo em um indivíduo de Myrmotherula longipennis, e a prevalência de PBV foi 1,29% (2/155), afetando dois insdivíduos de Guira guira. A análise filogenética agrupou as cepas de PBV no genogrupo I, mostrando intensa relação filogenética com cepas isoladas de outras regiões geográficas. A cepa de ARV esteve mais relacionada filogeneticamente a cepas previamente circulantes na mesma região. Este é o primeiro estudo sobre detecção de ARV em aves silvestres no Brasil e o primeiro relato sobre a ocorrência de PBV em Guira guira. A circulação de ARV e PBV nesse ambiente demonstra que os ciclos desses agentes estão ocorrendo de forma natural no ecossistema silvestre, o que pode desencadear possíveis eventos de transmissão entre as espécies aviárias e humanos. Estudos adicionais são necessários para determinar a epidemiologia, origem, evolução e surgimento de novos vírus potencialmente patogênicos na Amazônia. homem humana pública Amazônico 15 4 RNA moleculares 06 0 6 0,6 1/155, 1155 1/155 , 1 (1/155) longipennis 129 29 1,29 2/155, 2155 2/155 2 (2/155) guira I geográficas região silvestre humanos epidemiologia origem Amazônia 0, 115 1/15 (1/155 12 1,2 215 2/15 (2/155 11 1/1 (1/15 1, 21 2/1 (2/15 1/ (1/1 2/ (2/1 (1/ (2/ (1 (2 (

ABSTRACT Wild birds have great prominence in the transmission of diseases to humans, mainly due to their ease of access to human populations, raising concerns about the potential impact of that proximity on public health. The present study reports ARV and PBV occurrence in wild birds from an environmental protection area in the Amazon biome, in Pará state, Brazil. We obtained 155 fecal specimens from 47 species of wild birds for RNA extraction, ARV and PBV detection utilizing molecular methods, nucleotide sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. ARV prevalence was 0.6% (1/155), being positive in an individual of Myrmotherula longipennis, and PBV prevalence was 1.29% (2/155), affecting two individuals of Guira guira. The PBV strains were assigned to genogroup I based on phylogenetic analysis, and they shared a strong phylogenetic link with strains isolated from different geographic locations. The ARV strain was more closely related to strains that had previously circulated in the same region. The presence of ARV and PBV in this habitat suggests that infection cycles of these agents occur naturally in the wild ecosystem, potentially triggering transmission events between bird species and humans. This is the first study on ARV detection in wild birds in Brazil and the first report on the occurrence of PBV in wild Guira guira. Additional studies are required to determine the epidemiology, origin, evolution, and emergence of new potentially pathogenic viruses in the Amazon. humans populations health biome state 15 4 extraction methods sequencing analysis 06 0 6 0.6 1/155, 1155 1/155 , 1 (1/155) longipennis 129 29 1.29 2/155, 2155 2/155 2 (2/155) guira locations region ecosystem epidemiology origin evolution 0. 115 1/15 (1/155 12 1.2 215 2/15 (2/155 11 1/1 (1/15 1. 21 2/1 (2/15 1/ (1/1 2/ (2/1 (1/ (2/ (1 (2 (

RESUMO: O objetivo foi analisar Sporophila nigricollis e Sporophila caerulescens quanto às condições corporais, parasitológicas, bacteriológicas, medidas biométricas externas e análise histológica do trato gastrointestinal. Foram utilizados 115 indivíduos apreendidos entre 2020 e 2021 e encaminhados ao Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres, Paraíba, Brasil. Quanto ao peso, S. nigricollis, fêmeas e machos apresentaram, 9,36±1,36g e 9,70±1,39g, e S. caerulescens com 10,5±0,70g e 11,75±1,28g, sendo o segundo mais pesado. A condição corporal em 69,62% de S. nigricollis e 62,50% de S. caerulescens foi boa. No exame microbiológico fecal, 40,25% de S. nigricollis e 40% de S. caerulescens foram positivos para Isospora sp. Dispharynx sp. foi relatada pela primeira vez em S. nigricollis e S. caerulescens. Na bacteriologia fecal, 95,65% dos S. nigricollis foram identificados com cocos Gram-positivos e 73,91% com bacilos Gram-positivos. Quarenta e um animais morreram e foram colocados sob refrigeração por 48 horas; destes, 31,16% de S. nigricollis e 37,50% de S. caerulescens apresentaram condições corporais inadequadas. 19,51% apresentaram ingurgitamento do trato gastrointestinal com pontos hemorrágicos e 14,63% alteração hepática devido à coloração amarelada. O estudo contribui com subsídios para a elucidação taxonômica do gênero Sporophila, além do conhecimento das condições em que as aves se encontram nos centros de triagem, uma vez que a maior parte dos animais apreendidos tem como destino a soltura, sendo assim, uma potencial fonte de patógenos para o ambiente natural. RESUMO parasitológicas bacteriológicas 11 202 Silvestres Paraíba Brasil peso S 936136g g 9 36 1 36g 970139g 70 39g 9,70±1,39g 105070g 10 5 0 70g 1175128g 75 28g 11,75±1,28g pesado 6962 69 62 69,62 6250 50 62,50 boa fecal 4025 40 25 40,25 sp 9565 95 65 95,65 Grampositivos Gram 7391 73 91 73,91 Grampositivos. positivos. 4 horas destes 3116 31 16 31,16 3750 37 37,50 inadequadas 1951 19 51 19,51 1463 14 63 14,63 amarelada triagem soltura assim natural 20 3 7 696 6 69,6 625 62,5 402 2 40,2 956 95,6 739 73,9 311 31,1 375 37,5 195 19,5 146 14,6 69, 62, 40, 95, 73, 31, 37, 19, 14,

ABSTRACT: The objective was to analyze Sporophila nigricollis and Sporophila caerulescens in terms of body conditions, parasitological, bacteriological, external biometric measurements, and histological analysis of the gastrointestinal tract. We used 115 individuals apprehended from 2020 to 2021 and sent to the Wild Animal Triage Center, Paraíba, Brazil. Concerning weight, S. nigricollis, females and males presented 9.36±1.36g and 9.70±1.39g, and S. caerulescens with 10.5±0.70g and 11.75±1.28g, being the second heaviest. The body condition in 69.62% of S. nigricollis and 62.50% of S. caerulescens was good. In the fecal microbiological examination, 40.25% of S. nigricollis and 40% of S. caerulescens were positive for Isospora sp. Dispharynx sp. was reported for the first time in S. nigricollis and S. caerulescens. In fecal bacteriology, 95.65% of S. nigricollis were identified with Gram-positive cocci and 73.91% with Gram-positive bacilli. Forty-one animals died and were placed under refrigeration for 48 hours; of these, 31.16% of S. nigricollis and 37.50% of S. caerulescens presented inadequate body conditions. 19.51% had gastrointestinal tract engorgement with hemorrhagic points, and 14.63% had hepatic alteration due to yellowish coloration. The study contributes with subsidies for the taxonomic elucidation of the genus Sporophila, in addition to the knowledge of the conditions in which birds are found in sorting centers, once the destination of most of the seized animals is the release, thus, a potential source of pathogens to the natural environment. ABSTRACT parasitological bacteriological measurements 11 202 Center Paraíba Brazil weight S 936136g g 9 36 1 36g 970139g 70 39g 9.70±1.39g 105070g 10 5 0 70g 1175128g 75 28g 11.75±1.28g heaviest 6962 69 62 69.62 6250 50 62.50 good examination 4025 40 25 40.25 sp bacteriology 9565 95 65 95.65 Grampositive Gram 7391 73 91 73.91 bacilli Fortyone Forty one 4 hours these 3116 31 16 31.16 3750 37 37.50 1951 19 51 19.51 points 1463 14 63 14.63 coloration centers release thus environment 20 3 7 696 6 69.6 625 62.5 402 2 40.2 956 95.6 739 73.9 311 31.1 375 37.5 195 19.5 146 14.6 69. 62. 40. 95. 73. 31. 37. 19. 14.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Congenital Anomalies of the Upper Limb (CAUL) are a group of structural or functional abnormalities that develop during intrauterine life and can lead to limb dysfunction. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the prevalence of congenital anomalies of the upper limbs in Brazil and assess maternal and neonatal variables. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on congenital upper limb malformations among live births across Brazil. METHODS: The study spanned from 2010 to 2019. Data were sourced from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) and the Live Birth Information System (SINASC) portal. Analyses focused on the information reported in field 41 of the Live Birth Declaration Form entered into the computerized system. RESULTS: The most common anomaly in Brazil was supernumerary fingers, classified as ICD-Q69.0, affecting 11,708 children, with a prevalence of 4.02 per 10,000 live births. Mothers aged over 40 years had a 36% higher prevalence of having children with CAUL than mothers under 40 years old (OR = 1.36; 95% CI 1.19-1.56). Newborns weighing ≥ 2,499 g were 2.64 times more likely to have CAUL compared to those weighing ≥ 2,500 g (OR = 2.64; 95% CI 2.55-2.73). CONCLUSION: There was an observed increase in the reporting of CAUL cases over the decade studied. This trend serves as an alert for health agencies, as understanding the prevalence of CAUL and its associated factors is crucial for preventive medicine. BACKGROUND (CAUL dysfunction OBJECTIVES variables SETTING crosssectional, crosssectional cross sectional, sectional cross-sectional METHODS 201 2019 DATASUS (DATASUS SINASC (SINASC portal 4 system RESULTS fingers ICDQ69.0, ICDQ690 ICDQ ICD Q69.0, Q69 0 Q ICD-Q69.0 11708 11 708 11,70 402 02 4.0 10000 10 000 10,00 36 OR 1.36 136 1 95 1.191.56. 119156 1.19 1.56 . 19 56 1.19-1.56) 2499 2 499 2,49 264 64 2.6 2500 500 2,50 2.552.73. 255273 2.55 2.73 55 73 2.55-2.73) CONCLUSION studied agencies medicine 20 ICDQ69 ICDQ69.0 Q690 Q69.0 Q6 ICD-Q69. 1170 70 11,7 4. 1000 00 10,0 3 1.3 13 9 191 1.191.56 11915 119 1.1 156 1.5 5 1.19-1.56 249 49 2,4 26 6 2. 250 50 2,5 552 2.552.73 25527 255 2.5 273 2.7 7 2.55-2.73 ICDQ6 ICDQ69. Q69. ICD-Q69 117 11, 100 10, 1. 1.191.5 1191 15 1.19-1.5 24 2, 25 2.552.7 2552 27 2.55-2.7 ICD-Q6 1.191. 1.19-1. 2.552. 2.55-2. ICD-Q 1.191 1.19-1 2.552 2.55-2 1.19- 2.55-

Resumo Em edifícios altos, pilares de concreto de alta resistência (HSC) são frequentemente usados para reduzir as dimensões da seção transversal enquanto suportam cargas elevadas. No entanto, essa decisão pode resultar em estruturas mais suscetíveis à deformação, o que pode resultar em problemas relacionados à estabilidade estrutural. Portanto, este trabalho visa estudar os principais parâmetros, resistência do concreto, esbeltez, excentricidade, taxa de armadura longitudinal e efeitos de fluência, que podem levar os pilares ao estado limite último de instabilidade. Além disso, este trabalho estuda o uso de vários diagramas tensão-deformação para representar o comportamento do concreto de acordo com as normas. Consequentemente, observou-se que colunas com uma menor razão entre excentricidade e comprimento efetivo, maior esbeltez e menor taxa armadura longitudinal são mais propensas a atingir o estado limite último de instabilidade. O uso de diferentes diagramas tensão-deformação tem pequeno impacto na determinação do estado limite último, mas considerar o efeito de fluência é essencial. Avaliar a capacidade de carga última usando diferentes diagramas tensão-deformação resultou em resultados diferentes, destacando a importância de escolher um de acordo com as normas de projeto. O novo diagrama tensão-deformação proposto pelo código brasileiro diminuiu a capacidade de carga última da maioria das colunas analisadas e reduziu a quantidade de pilares atingindo a falha por instabilidade. altos HSC (HSC elevadas entanto deformação estrutural Portanto parâmetros instabilidade disso tensãodeformação tensão Consequentemente observouse observou se efetivo essencial projeto

Abstract In high-rise buildings, high-strength concrete (HSC) columns are often used to reduce cross-sectional dimensions while supporting high loads. However, this design decision may result in structures that are more susceptible to deformation, raising concerns about their structural stability. Therefore, this paper aims to study the key design parameters such as concrete strength, column slenderness, eccentricity, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and creep effects that may lead the columns to the ultimate limit state of instability. Besides, this work studies the use of various stress-strain diagrams to represent the concrete behavior according to standards and codes. Consequently, it was noted that columns with a lower ratio of eccentricity to the effective length, higher slenderness, and lower longitudinal reinforcement are more prone to reaching the ultimate limit state of instability. The use of different stress-strain diagrams had a marginal impact on determining the ultimate limit state, but accounting for the creep effect was essential for accurate results. Assessing the ultimate bearing capacity using various stress-strain diagrams yielded different outcomes, highlighting the significance of choosing one in accordance with safety standards. The new stress-strain diagram proposed by Brazilian code decreased the ultimate load capacity of most analyzed columns and reduced the number of columns experiencing failure due to instability. highrise rise buildings highstrength strength HSC (HSC crosssectional cross sectional loads However deformation stability Therefore slenderness instability Besides stressstrain stress strain codes Consequently length results outcomes

ABSTRACT Introduction: Artificial intelligence is a basic component of the so-called Industry 4.0, so its introduction into technological processes constitutes a significant contribution to its approach to this paradigm. The objective of this work is to develop and validate a group of technologies based on soft computing tools applied to mechanical manufacturing processes, with the purpose of bringing them closer to the Industry 4.0 paradigm. Methods: Among the tools developed, fine-tuned, and applied, both machine learning techniques were included, such as artificial neural networks, fuzzy systems, and deep learning for modeling and pattern detection tasks, as well as metaheuristics inspired by nature. for optimization. The applications have been aimed at manufacturing processes, such as welding, machining and micromachining, solving problems such as failure detection, quality control and process optimization based on their sustainability. Results: In all the case studies considered, the applied techniques proved to be fully effective for solving the problems posed, both those focused on modeling and pattern recognition, as well as those aimed at optimizing processes. In addition to being widely validated in laboratory conditions similar to industrial ones, the technologies developed were introduced into the productive practice of liquefied gas containers, demonstrating favorable impacts both economically (decreased production costs) and environmental (lower energy consumption in the production process). Conclusions: The effectiveness shown by the artificial intelligence tools applied to the solution of practical problems of manufacturing processes, constitute a valuable set of know-how, with wide possibilities of being applied to various sectors of the industry, allowing their incorporation into solutions. of Industry 4.0, such as digital twins and cyber-physical systems.

RESUMEN Introducción: La inteligencia artificial es un componente básico de la llamada Industria 4.0, por lo que su introducción en los procesos tecnológicos constituye una contribución significativa a su acercamiento a este paradigma. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo desarrollar y validar un grupo de tecnologías basadas en herramientas de computación blanda aplicadas a procesos de fabricación mecánica, con el propósito de acercarlos al paradigma de Industria 4.0. Métodos: Dentro de las herramientas desarrolladas, puestas a punto y aplicadas, se incluyeron tanto técnicas de aprendizaje automático, tales como las redes neuronales artificiales, los sistemas borrosos y el aprendizaje profundo para tareas de modelado y detección de patrones, como de metaheurísticas inspiradas en la naturaleza para optimización. Las aplicaciones han estado dirigidas a procesos de fabricación, tales como la soldadura, el maquinado y el micromaquinado, resolviendo problemas como la detención de fallos, el control de calidad y la optimización de procesos en función de su sostenibilidad. Resultados: En todos los casos de estudio considerados, las técnicas aplicadas mostraron ser plenamente efectivas para la solución de los problemas planteados, tanto los enfocados a la modelación y el reconocimiento de patrones, como aquellos dirigidos a la optimización de procesos. Además de ser ampliamente validados en condiciones de laboratorio similares a las industriales, las tecnologías desarrolladas fueron introducidas en la práctica productiva de recipientes de gas licuado, demostrando impactos favorables tanto en lo económico (disminución en los costos de producción) como en lo ambiental (menores consumos de energía en el proceso de producción). Conclusiones: La efectividad mostrada por las herramientas de inteligencia artificial aplicadas a la solución de problemas prácticos de los procesos de manufactura, constituyen un valioso conjunto de saber hacer, con amplias posibilidades de ser aplicados a diversos sectores de la industria, permitiendo su incorporación a soluciones de Industria 4.0, como los gemelos digitales y los sistemas ciberfísicos.

Resumo O presente trabalho investigou os efeitos da aplicação de melatonina individualmente e misturada com solução de sacarose na vida de vaso e nas alterações físico-químicas de flores de corte de amarílis. Hastes de amarilis com botões florais em pontos de colheita foram colocadas em vasos contendo diferentes soluções de manutenção: Melatonina (Mt; 0,01 mM), Sacarose (Suc; 4%), Melatonina + Sacarose (Mt + Suc; 0,01 mM + 4%) e Água destilada (Controle). Cada tratamento constou de 5 repetições, sendo uma haste de inflorescência por vaso. Os vasos permaneceram a 22 ± 3° C e iluminação constante de 13 µmol m-2.s-1 durante 14 dias. A imersão das hastes em Suc ou Mt + Suc retardou os processos iniciais de senescência de flor de corte de amarílis, prolongando por mais 2 dias sua vida de vaso, em relação às hastes sem uso desses conservantes (controle). Aumentando de 10 para 12 dias de conservação. Pois mantiveram mais estáveis a massa fresca, retardaram a degradação de pigmentos antocianinas e flavonoides, bem como, mantendo a estabilidade dos compostos fenólicos e carboidratos totais ao final de 14 dias. Esses achados confirmam o papel da melatonina como conservante de flores de corte. Todavia, o seu efeito conservante foi potencializado em amarílis, associado à sacarose. Mais trabalhos necessitam ser realizados para investigar mais profundamente quais mecanismos fisiológicos promovidos pela interação melatonina e sacarose na regulação da senescência das flores de amarilis cortadas, incluindo análise de expressão de genes e atividade do sistema antioxidante. físicoquímicas físico químicas amarílis manutenção 001 0 01 0,0 mM, , mM) (Suc 4%, 4 4% Controle. Controle . (Controle) repetições 3 1 m2.s1 m2s1 ms m 2.s s m-2.s- controle. controle (controle) conservação fresca flavonoides Todavia cortadas antioxidante 00 0, (Controle m2 s1 m2.s m2s 2s m-2.s (controle

Abstract The effects of melatonin application by itself and mixed with sucrose solution on vase life and physicochemical changes in amaryllis cut flowers were investigated. Amaryllis stems with flower buds at harvest points were placed into vases containing different maintenance solutions: Melatonin (Mt; 0.01 mM), Sucrose (Suc; 4%), Melatonin + Sucrose (Mt + Suc; 0.01 mM + 4%) and distilled water (Control). Each treatment consisted of five repetitions, with one inflorescence stem per vase. The vases remained at 22 ± 3 °C and constant lighting of 13 µmol m-2 s-1 for 14 days. Immersion of stems in Suc or Mt + Suc delayed the initial senescence processes of the amaryllis cut flower. Vase life was prolonged for additional 2 days compared to stems immersed in water (control), increasing from 10 to 12 days of conservation. Floral stem mass was kept more stable; the degradation of anthocyanin and flavonoid pigments was delayed; and the stability of phenolic compounds and total carbohydrates was maintained for 14 days. These findings confirm the role of melatonin as a preservative in cut flowers. However, its preservative effect was potentialized by the addition of sucrose to the water of the amaryllis cut flowers. More work needs to be carried out to investigate the physiological mechanisms promoted by the interaction of melatonin and sucrose in the regulation of senescence in amaryllis cut flowers, including the analysis of gene expression and activity of the antioxidant system. investigated solutions 001 0 01 0.0 mM, , mM) (Suc 4%, 4 4% Control. Control . (Control) repetitions C 1 m2 m m- s1 s s- control, control (control) conservation stable However system 00 0. (Control (control

Abstract Introduction: This study aimed to assess the clinical, economic, and humanistic impact of short-bowel syndrome/chronic intestinal failure (SBS/CIF) in Portugal. Methods: This is a retrospective multicenter cohort chart review study, with a cross-sectional component for quality-of-life (QoL) evaluation. Inclusion criteria comprised patients with SBS/CIF, aged ≥1 year, with stable parenteral nutrition (PN). Data collection included patient chart review over a 12-month period and patient/caregiver self-report and SF-36/PedsQL™ questionnaires. Main endpoints comprised clinical and PN characterization, healthcare resource use (HRU), direct costs, and patient QoL. Results: Thirty-one patients were included (11 adults and 20 children). Patients’ mean age (standard deviation [SD]) was 57.9 (14.3) years in adults and 7.5 (5.0) years in children, with a mean time since diagnosis of 10.2 (5.9) and 6.6 (4.2) years, respectively. PN was administered for a mean of 5.2 and 6.6 days/week in adults and children, respectively; home PN occurred in 81.8% of adults and 90.0% of children for a mean of 9.6 and 10.8 months/year, respectively. The mean annual number of hospitalizations was 1.9 and 2.0 which lasted for a mean of 34.0 and 29.4 days in adults and children, respectively. Twenty-one and forty hospitalization episodes were reported in adults and children, respectively, of which 71.4% and 85.0% were due to catheter-related complications. Mean annual direct costs per patient amounted to 47,857.53 EUR in adults and 74,734.50 EUR in children, with PN and hospitalizations as the main cost-drivers. QoL assessment showed a clinically significant impaired physical component in adults and a notable deterioration in the school functioning domain in children. Conclusion: In Portugal, SBS/CIF patient management is characterized by a substantial therapeutic burden and HRU, translating into high direct costs and a substantial impairment of the adults’ physical function and children’s school functioning.

Resumo Introdução: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto clínico, económico e social da síndrome do intestino curto/falência intestinal crónica (SIC/FIC) em Portugal. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo e multicêntrico de revisão dos processos clínicos incluindo uma componente transversal para avaliação da qualidade de vida (QV). Os critérios de elegibilidade incluíram doentes com SIC/FIC, idade ≥1 ano, em nutrição parenteral (NP) e clinicamente estáveis. A recolha de dados incluiu a revisão dos processos clínicos ao longo de um período de 12 meses e a aplicação de questionários auto-administrados a doentes e cuidadores e de questionários de QV (SF-36/ PedsQL™). Os indicadores principais foram a caracterização clínica e da NP, a utilização de recursos de saúde, custos diretos e QV dos doentes. Resultados: Foram incluídos 31 doentes (11 adultos e 20 crianças). A idade média (desvio padrão: DP) foi de 57.9 (14.3) anos nos adultos e de 7.5 (5.0) nas crianças com um tempo médio desde o diagnóstico de 10.2 (5.9) e 6.6 (4.2) anos, respetivamente. A NP foi administrada durante uma média de 5.2 e 6.6 dias por semana, em adultos e crianças respetivamente, em 81.8% e 90.0% dos adultos/crianças foi feita em casa durante uma média de 9.6 ou 10.8 meses por ano, respetivamente. O número médio anual de hospitalizações foi de 1.9 (1.6) e 2.0 (1.5) com uma duração média de 34.0 (47.4) e 29.4 (32.3) dias, em adultos e crianças, respetivamente. Foram reportados 21 e 40 episódios de hospitalização em adultos/crianças, dos quais 71.4% e 85.0% foram devido a complicações relacionadas ao uso de cateter. Os custos diretos anuais médios por doente ascenderam a 47,857.53 EUR nos adultos e a 74,734.50 EUR nas crianças, sendo que os maiores responsáveis foram a NP e as hospitalizações. A avaliação da QV mostrou um comprometimento clinicamente significativo da componente física nos adultos e uma deterioração relevante da dimensão escolar nas crianças. Conclusões: A gestão dos doentes com SIC/FIC em Portugal é caracterizada por uma sobrecarga substancial a nível terapêutico e de utilização de recursos de saúde, o que se traduz em elevados custos diretos e comprometimento substancial da componente física nos adultos e do desempenho escolar nas crianças.