ABSTRACT Lowland rice in Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil, is grown as a sole crop, which has aggravated problems with weeds. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of weed management systems in soybean crops to decrease weed infestation in lowland rice production areas, using pre- and post-emergence herbicides. The experiment was conducted in Turvo, SC, from August 2021 to April 2022. A randomized block design with four replications was used, in a 6 × 5 factorial arrangement. The factors consisted of six pre-emergence herbicides treatments (S-metolachlor, diclosulam, sulfentrazone, sulfentrazone + diuron, pyroxasulfone + flumioxazin, and a control without herbicide), and five post-emergence herbicide treatments: control without herbicide, glyphosate at two rates (930 and 1,550 g a.e. ha-1), applied alone or in combination with clethodim. The herbicide sulfentrazone caused persistent phytotoxicity and resulted in the lowest soybean grain yield. The herbicide S-metolachlor was ineffective in controlling weed species, except barnyard grass, even when combined with post-emergence application. The poor control of these weed species does not result in significant interference, causing no significant decreases in grain yield of soybean crops grown in floodplain soils. The use of S-metolachlor, diclosulam, and pyroxasulfone + flumioxazin, combined with post-emergence application of glyphosate (930 g a.e. ha-1), resulted in highly effective control of barnyard grass, inhibiting weed seed production. Only the combination of glyphosate (1,550 g a.e. ha-1) with clethodim can suppress barnyard grass seed production without using pre-emergence herbicides. SC , (SC) Brazil crop weeds context areas pre postemergence post emergence Turvo 202 2022 used arrangement preemergence Smetolachlor, Smetolachlor S metolachlor, metolachlor (S-metolachlor diclosulam diuron flumioxazin herbicide) 930 (93 1550 1 550 1,55 ae e a.e ha1, ha1 ha interference soils (1,55 ha-1 (SC 20 93 (9 155 55 1,5 (1,5 ha- 2 9 ( 15 1, (1, (1

RESUMO O arroz irrigado em Santa Catarina é cultivado em monocultivo, o que tem agravado os problemas com plantas daninhas. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiência de sistemas de manejo de plantas daninhas na cultura da soja sobre a redução da infestação de plantas daninhas em uma área de produção de arroz irrigado, utilizando para isso herbicidas em pré e/ou pós-emergência da soja. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Turvo - SC no período de agosto de 2021 a abril de 2022. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados com tratamentos organizados em esquema fatorial 6 × 5, com quatro repetições. O fator A constou de seis tratamentos aplicados em pré-emergência, os herbicidas utilizados foram: S-metolachlor, diclosulam, sulfentrazone, sulfentrazone + diuron, pyroxasulfone + flumioxazin, além de uma testemunha sem herbicida. Já o fator B constou de cinco tratamentos aplicados em pós-emergência: testemunha sem herbicida, gyphosate em duas doses (930 e 1550 g e.a. ha-1), aplicadas de forma isoladas ou em associação com clethodim. O herbicida S-metolachlor foi ineficiente para o controle de outras plantas daninhas, mesmo quando combinado com a aplicação em pós-emergência. O controle deficiente destas espécies não resulta em significativa interferência, não causando decréscimo na produtividade de grãos da soja, em ambientes de terras baixas. O uso dos herbicidas S-metolachlor, diclosulam e pyroxasulfone + flumioxazin, combinados com a aplicação em pós-emergência de glyphosate (930 g e.a. ha-1) resultou em controle eficiente de capim-arroz e inibiu a produção de sementes. Apenas a associação de glyphosate (1550 g e.a. ha-1) com clethodim suprimiu a produção de sementes de capim-arroz, sem a aplicação de herbicidas em pré-emergência. monocultivo modo eou pósemergência pós emergência 202 2022 Utilizouse Utilizou se 5 repetições préemergência, préemergência emergência, pré-emergência foram Smetolachlor, Smetolachlor S metolachlor, metolachlor diuron flumioxazin 930 (93 155 ea e.a ha1, ha1 ha 1 , pósemergência. emergência. interferência baixas ha-1 capimarroz capim (155 capimarroz, arroz, préemergência. 20 93 (9 15 ha- (15 2 9 ( (1

ABSTRACT: The resistance of Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyardgrass) to cyhalofop-p-butyl has already been confirmed in rice fields in Santa Catarina, Brazil. However, it is not known if this resistance affects other ACCase inhibitors. This study evaluated the occurrence of cross-resistance in Echinochloa crus-galli biotypes from the main rice-growing regions of Santa Catarina to ACCase inhibitors. The research was conducted in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized design with a factorial scheme that included three ACCase-inhibiting herbicides (cyhalofop-p-butyl, quizalofop-p-ethyl, and profoxydim) belonging to two chemical groups (aryl-oxifenoxi-propionates and cyclohexanediones), eight herbicide doses, and four biotypes evaluated in the F1 generation and two biotypes evaluated in the F2 generation. These biotypes were selected based on the results of a preliminary trial with 21 populations. The herbicides were applied when the plants presented two true leaves. After control evaluations, the lethal dose required to control 50% and 80% of the population (LD50 and LD80) and the resistance factor (RF) were determined by nonlinear regression. The results showed that only one biotype from Tubarão, Santa Catarina met all statistical and agronomic criteria and had cross-resistance to ACCase inhibitors confirmed. In both generations, the RF was greater than 1.0, and the dose required to achieve 80% control exceeded the maximum recommended dose on the label. Resistance levels were higher for herbicides belonging to the aryl-oxifenoxi-propionate chemical group, with RF greater than 7.0. For the cyclohexanedione chemical group, the RF was less than 5.0.

RESUMO: A resistência de capim-arroz (Echinochloa crus-galli) ao cyhalofop-p-butyl já foi confirmada em áreas de produção de arroz de Santa Catarina, entretanto não se sabe se essa resistência compromete outros inibidores da ACCase. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência de resistência cruzada em biótipos de capim-arroz das principais regiões orizícolas do Estado de Santa Catarina a inibidores de ACCase. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com esquema fatorial, sendo: três herbicidas inibidores de ACCase (cyhalofop-p-butyl; quizalofop-p-ethyl e profoxydim) pertencentes a dois grupos químicos (ariloxifenoxipropionatos e ciclohexanodionas); oito doses dos herbicidas e quatro biótipos foram avaliados na geração F1 e dois biótipos na geração F2. Estes biótipos foram selecionados a partir dos resultados de um ensaio preliminar com 21 populações. A aplicação foi realizada quando as plantas apresentaram duas folhas verdadeiras. Após as avaliações de controle determinou-se, por regressão não-linear, a dose letal necessária para controlar 50% e 80% da população (DL50 e DL80) e o fator de resistência (FR). Os resultados demonstraram que apenas um biótipo de Tubarão-SC atendeu todos os critérios estatísticos e agronômicos e teve a resistência cruzada a inibidores da ACCase confirmada. Nas duas gerações observou-se que o FR foi superior a 1,0 e que a dose necessária para atingir o controle de 80% excedeu a dose máxima recomendada em bula. O nível de resistência foi superior para os herbicidas do grupo químico ariloxifenoxipropionatos, com FR maior que 7,0. Para o grupo químico ciclohexanodionas o FR foi menor que 5,0.

ABSTRACT The resistance of a weed to a herbicide may be accompanied by an ecological disadvantage, which can hinder the establishment of resistant biotypes when the herbicide is not used. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the growth and phenology of two biotypes of Raphanus raphanistrum, one susceptible and the other resistant to ALS inhibitors. The research was carried out from August to December 2020, conducting two simultaneous experiments, with the susceptible and resistant biotypes grown as single crops or together with wheat. The parameters under evaluation were plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot dry weight, growth rate, leaf area ratio, net assimilation rate, and phenology - determined using the BBCH scale. The results showed not only that development and growth in the sensitive biotype was greater compared to the resistant biotype, but also the precocity of the biotype. The only variable for which the resistant biotype was superior was root dry weight. Cross-resistance to ALS inhibitors resulted in a difference in the growth and phenology of the resistant biotype that should be better evaluated, as the populations present large genetic differences. disadvantage used study therefore raphanistrum 2020 experiments wheat height leaves weight rate ratio scale Crossresistance Cross evaluated differences 202 20 2

ABSTRACT. Garlic cultivation holds significant importance in Brazil. However, research on garlic crops is currently limited and outdated, highlighting the necessity for new studies, particularly focused on enhancing weed management and optimizing the use of agricultural inputs. This study aimed to assess the extent of yield losses attributed to weed interference and the specific periods during which weed interference impacts garlic crop yields in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The experiments were conducted in Curitibanos, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, during 2019 and 2020, using the garlic cultivars Chonan and Ito, respectively. A randomized block experimental design was employed, consisting of 16 treatment groups with four replications. The design incorporated a 2×8 factorial arrangement, involving two weed management strategies (coexistence and control) and eight crop-weed coexistence periods (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 130 days after crop emergence - DAE). The study evaluated the weed community and recorded data on the number of bulbs, bulb diameter, as well as total and commercial bulb yields of garlic crops. The results indicated average losses of 24.3% in total bulb yield and 28.9% in commercial bulb yield. Critical periods for effective weed control were identified as 6 to 126 DAE in 2019, 5 to 126 DAE in 2020 for total yield, 3 to 126 DAE in 2019, and 5 to 126 DAE in 2020 for commercial bulb yield. Consequently, it is imperative to maintain garlic crops weed-free throughout most of their growth cycle. ABSTRACT Brazil However outdated studies inputs Curitibanos State 201 Ito respectively employed 1 replications 28 2 8 2× arrangement cropweed 0, 0 (0 15 30 45 60 90 120 13 DAE. . DAE) bulbs diameter 243 24 24.3 289 9 28.9 12 202 Consequently weedfree free cycle 20 ( 4 24. 28.

Abstract Background: Sagittaria montevidensis Cham. & Schltdl. is a weed that forms dense infestations in wet-seeded rice. The herbicide florpyrauxifen-benzyl is widely used in rice cultivation; however, there have been reports of failed S. montevidensis control, and these cases are increasing. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate S. montevidensis for resistance the florpyrauxifen-benzyl and assess the sensitivity of this biotype to auxin-mimicking herbicides from other chemical groups. Methods: The experiments were conducted in greenhouse using a completely randomized design with four replicates. Dose-response tests were performed using two biotypes of S. montevidensis, resistant and sensitive. The experiments were performed over two generations, using increasing doses of the florpyrauxifen-benzyl. The experiment with other auxin mimics was conducted with the second-generation populations, using increasing doses of the herbicides 2,4-D, dicamba, and triclopyr. In both experiments, weed control was assessed at 7, 14, and 28 days after application (DAA), and the dry mass of the aerial part was determined at 28 DAA. Results: Resistance of S. montevidensis to florpyrauxifen-benzyl was confirmed, with a resistance factor >700 in the two evaluated generations. The biotype was sensitive to 2,4-D, dicamba, and triclopyr achieving greater than 80% control in all treatments, and cross-resistance to synthetic auxins was ruled out. Conclusions: Evolution of resistance to florpyrauxifen-benzyl by S. montevidensis seriously compromises paddy rice production, highlighting the urgent need for alternative approaches. Background Cham Schltdl wetseeded wet seeded florpyrauxifenbenzyl florpyrauxifen benzyl cultivation however S Objective auxinmimicking mimicking groups Methods replicates Doseresponse Dose response generations florpyrauxifenbenzyl. benzyl. secondgeneration second generation populations 2,4D, 24D D 2,4 D, 2 4 2,4-D dicamba 7 14 DAA, DAA , (DAA) Results confirmed 700 >70 80 treatments crossresistance cross out Conclusions production approaches 4D 2,4D 24 2, 1 (DAA 70 >7 8 >

ABSTRACT Understanding how weeds resist herbicides, their resistance mechanisms, and alternative control methods are crucial for managing herbicide-resistant weeds. This study aims to unravel the resistance mechanism of a Raphanus raphanistrum biotype to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors. To this end, dose-response studies, DNA sequencing, and metabolic pathway verification were conducted. ALS-inhibiting herbicides showed low efficacy in controlling this biotype, confirming cross-resistance. Sequencing of the ALS enzyme revealed the presence of the previously reported Try-574-Leu mutation, known to confer cross-resistance to this mode of action. However, the metabolization verification assay demonstrated that this mechanism did not contribute to the observed resistance. Chemical control studies with alternative herbicides yielded promising results, indicating the potential for effective management of the resistant biotype. Our findings showed that the wild radish biotype used exhibits cross-resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides due to the presence of the Try-574-Leu mutation in the target enzyme. Notably, herbicides with alternative mechanisms of action prove highly effective in controlling this resistant biotype, offering valuable options for weed management strategies. herbicideresistant herbicide (ALS inhibitors end doseresponse dose response sequencing conducted ALSinhibiting inhibiting crossresistance. crossresistance cross Try574Leu TryLeu Try 574 Leu However results Notably strategies 57 5

RESUMO A caracterização da resistência de plantas daninhas a herbicidas, bem como os estudos sobre os mecanismos de resistência e as alternativas para o controle químico são fundamentais para o manejo de plantas daninhas resistentes a herbicidas. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo reportar e elucidar o mecanismo de resistência de um biótipo de Raphanus raphanistrum a inibidores da acetolactato-sintase (ALS). Foram desenvolvidos trabalhos de dose resposta, sequenciamento do gene ALS, verificação de metabolização e alternativas para o controle químico. Ocorreu baixa eficiência de controle de herbicidas inibidores de ALS a esse biótipo, sendo confirmada a resistência cruzada. O sequenciamento gene ALS demostrou que o biótipo apresentou a mutação Try-574-Leu, já reportada na literatura e que confere resistência cruzada a este mecanismo de ação. O ensaio para verificação de metabolização provou que esse mecanismo não está envolvido na resistência. Já o estudo de controle químico indicou que existem alternativas para o controle do biótipo resistente. Conclui-se que o biótipo de nabiça apresentou resistência cruzada aos herbicidas inibidores de ALS, com a mutação Try-574-Leu na enzima alvo e que herbicidas de outros mecanismos de ação promovem elevada eficiência de controle. forma acetolactatosintase acetolactato sintase ALS. . (ALS) resposta Try574Leu, Try574Leu TryLeu Try 574 Leu, Leu resistente Concluise Conclui se (ALS 57 5

Resumo Objetivo: Identificar e sumarizar os dados sobre as possíveis associações entre o tempo de tela e a dor lombar em crianças e adolescentes. Fontes de dados: Buscas sistemáticas em cinco bases de dados eletrônicas (Lilacs, Scielo, Scopus, Pubmed e Web of Science), no dia 25/01/2021, complementadas por buscas manuais em listas de referências e no site Google Acadêmico, procurando por artigos científicos originais que comunicaram estudos observacionais brasileiros que envolveram amostras de crianças e/ou adolescentes entre 6 e 19 anos de idade, sem condições clínicas específicas e que apresentassem análises de associações entre indicadores do tempo de tela e dor lombar não específica, baseadas em modelos de regressão. Síntese dos dados: Nove estudos transversais foram incluídos, envolvendo amostras de adolescentes. Das 18 análises identificadas, 9 mostraram relações de risco entre as variáveis de interesse. Mais especificamente, verificaram-se associações de risco em dois estudos que avaliaram adolescentes expostos a, pelo menos, três horas diárias de celular, tablete e televisão. Também se observou diversidade entre instrumentos, pontos de corte adotados e equipamentos de tela avaliados. Conclusões: Mesmo que a maior parte das associações de risco tenha sido limítrofe, do ponto de vista estatístico, a presente síntese apresentou maior frequência de associações de risco entre o tempo de tela e a dor lombar não específica em adolescentes expostos ao tempo de tela por, pelo menos, três horas diárias. Complementarmente, recomenda-se que sejam conduzidos no país estudos longitudinais, com o envolvimento de crianças nas amostras. Objetivo Lilacs, Lilacs (Lilacs Scielo Scopus Science, Science , Science) 25012021 25 01 2021 25/01/2021 Acadêmico eou ou 1 idade regressão incluídos identificadas interesse especificamente verificaramse verificaram menos celular televisão instrumentos avaliados Conclusões limítrofe estatístico Complementarmente recomendase recomenda longitudinais 2501202 2 0 202 25/01/202 250120 20 25/01/20 25012 25/01/2 2501 25/01/ 250 25/01 25/0 25/

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify and summarize the possible associations between screen time and low back pain in children and adolescents. Data source: Systematic searches were performed in five electronic databases (Lilacs, Scielo, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science) on 01/25/2021, complemented by manual searches in reference lists and on Google Scholar, looking for original scientific articles that included Brazilian observational studies; whose samples had children and/or adolescents aged between 6 and 19 years, without specific clinical conditions, and that presented analyses of associations between indicators of screen time and nonspecific low back pain, based on regression models. Data synthesis: Nine cross-sectional studies whose samples had adolescents were included. Of the 18 analyses identified, nine reported risk relationships between the variables of interest. More specifically, risk associations were found in two studies that evaluated adolescents exposed to at least three hours using cell phone or tablet, and watching television per day. Also, instruments, cut-off points adopted, and screen equipment evaluated were diverse. Conclusions: Even though most of the risk associations were borderline from the statistical point of view, we found a higher frequency of risk associations between screen time and non-specific low back pain in adolescents exposed to screen time for at least three hours a day. In addition, further longitudinal studies with samples composed of children should be conducted across the country. Objective source Lilacs, Lilacs (Lilacs Scielo Scopus Science 01252021 01 25 2021 01/25/2021 Scholar andor 1 years conditions models synthesis crosssectional cross sectional identified interest specifically tablet day Also instruments cutoff cut off adopted diverse Conclusions view non addition country 0125202 0 2 202 01/25/202 012520 20 01/25/20 01252 01/25/2 0125 01/25/ 012 01/25 01/2 01/

Resumen: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo presentar el desarrollo y la evidencia psicométrica de la Escala de Importancia y Percepción de Fortalezas Personales (IPCCS, por su sigla en inglés)-Versión Profesores. Se realizaron dos estudios cuantitativos. En el Estudio 1, los encuestados fueron 214 profesores universitarios (edad media = 39.21; DE = 9.77; 55,6 % mujeres), que respondieron al IPCSS-Profesor y preguntas sociodemográficas. El análisis exploratorio sugirió una estructura de un factor para ambas subescalas. Los encuestados en el Estudio 2 fueron 262 profesores universitarios (edad media = 41.80; DE = 9.81; 50,8 % hombres). El análisis factorial confirmatorio sugirió la adecuación de la estructura de seis factores teóricamente propuesta para ambas subescalas después de la comparación con el modelo alternativo de factor único. El IPCSS-Profesor presentó índices de confiabilidad satisfactorios y está indicado para la aplicabilidad en docentes de diferentes sectores con el fin de comprender sus fortalezas personales.

Abstract: This study aimed at presenting the development and psychometric evidence of the Importance and Perception of Character Strengths Scale (IPCSS)-Professor Version. Two quantitative studies were conducted. In Study 1 the respondents were 214 college professors (mean age = 39.21; SD = 9.77; 55.6 % females), who answered the IPCSS-Professor and sociodemographic questions. Exploratory analysis suggested a one-factor structure for both subscales. Respondents in Study 2 were 262 college professors (mean age = 41.80; SD = 9.81; 50.8 % male). Confirmatory factor analysis suggested the adequacy of the six-factor structure theoretically proposed for both subscales after comparison with the alternative single-factor model. The IPCSS-Professor presented satisfactory reliability indexes and it is applicable for teachers of different sectors in order to understand their character strengths.

Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo apresentar o desenvolvimento e evidências psicométricas da Escala de Importância e Percepção de Forças de Caráter (EIPFC)-versão para Professores. Dois estudos quantitativos foram conduzidos. O Estudo 1 contou com 214 professores universitários (media de idade = 39,21; DP = 9,77; 55,6 % mulheres), que responderam ao EIPFC- Professores e perguntas sociodemográficas. Análises exploratórias sugeriram uma estrutura unifatorial para ambas as subescalas. O Estudo 2 contou com 262 professores universitários (media de idade = 41,80; DP = 9,81; 50,8 % homens). Análises confirmatórias sugeriram a adequação da estrutura de seis fatores teoricamente proposta para ambas as subescalas, após comparação com o modelo alternativo unifatorial. A EIPFC- Professores apresentou índices satisfatórios de confiabilidade e pode ser aplicada em docentes de diferentes setores, de forma a compreender suas forças de caráter.

Abstract Background: Weed management is a challenge in paddy rice production, mainly due to the dispersal of a population resistant to herbicides. Objective: To assess the efficacy of chemical weed control in the off-season to reduce weedy rice and other species in water-seeded or drilled rice. Methods: Two experiments were carried out in a flat field to water-seeded or drilled rice, in randomized block design. The water-seeded system treatments were organized in a split-plot design. In the plot were evaluated two water management in the off-season (with or without continuous flooding), and in the subplot nine herbicides-treatments were evaluated (Check, clomazone at 0.72 and 1.08 kg a.i. ha-1, oxadiazon at 1.00 and 1.50 kg a.i. ha-1, oxyfluorfen at 0.312 and 0.48 kg a.i. ha-1, S-metolachlor at 1.44 kg a.i. ha-1, and flumioxazin a 0.075 kg a.i. ha-1). In the drilled rice experiment, the treatments were organized in a two-factor factorial. The factor A was nine herbicides treatments (the same herbicide and rates applied in water-seeded experiment) and the factor B was two application time (73 and 43 days before of rice-sowing). Results: Off-season management was efficient to reduce weedy rice infestation only on the paddy rice system using the pre-germinated seeds. In this assay, flumioxazin was an efficient alternative to giant arrowhead control, however the selectivity of this herbicide treatment needs to be studied. In dry-seeded system, herbicide sprayed in off-season reduced barnyardgrass infestation until the paddy rice sowing. Conclusions: The off-season management was efficient to reduce weedy rice and giant arrowhead infestation in water-seeded system, and barnyardgrass infestation in drill-seeded system.

Abstract Background: Rice lines displaying resistance to quizalofop-p-ethyl (quizalofop), an acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicide, were developed to facilitate control of imidazolinone-resistant weedy rice (red rice), as well as other susceptible grasses. Objective: To assess the sensitivity of weedy rice accessions from Brazil to quizalofop. Methods: Two bioassays were conducted on the greenhouse from March to June 2016, in a completely random design with a two-factor factorial combination of treatments and four replications. The factor A was weedy rice accession and factor B was quizalofop rates (0, 25 and 50 g a.i. ha-1). It was assessed a total of 84 genotypes in the two bioassays, composed of 78 weedy rice accessions, 4 rice cultivars, and 2 lines resistant to aryloxyphenoxypropionate (AOPP) herbicides. Quizalofop was applied the 2-leaf stage. Weedy rice control was evaluated at 28 and 22 days after treatment (DAT), respectively for bioassay I and II, using a scale of 0% (no control) to 100% (dead). Results: All weedy rice accessions were susceptible to quizalofop, being controlled 100% with 50 g a.i. ha-1. Rice lines SC 964 and SC 965, resistant to AOPP herbicides, were not injured by quizalofop. Conclusions: quizalofop is an effective tool for weedy rice control in ACCase-resistant rice.

Abstract Background: Garlic cultivation is characterized by low capacity of competition with weed, mainly due to the characteristics of the canopy and it´s slow initial growth that make it difficult to cover the soil. Objective: This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency and selectivity of herbicides applied in the pre-emergence of two garlic cultivars in the edaphoclimatic condition of Santa Catarina State. Methods: Two experiments were carried out in the commercial garlic area with Ito and Chonan cultivars. Both experiments were conducted in randomized block design. The traits for Ito cultivar were without weed control, with weed control, with linuron (810 g ha-1), diuron (1,000 g ha-1), pendimethalin (1600 g ha-1), S-metolachlor (1200 g ha-1), oxyfluorfen (720 g ha-1) or flumioxazin (40 g ha-1). For the experiment with Chonan cultivar the treatment composed by oxadiazon (1000 g ha-1) was included. The analyzed variables were based on weed community control and phytotoxicity, stand, diameter of bulbs and productivity of garlic. Results: The infesting species of the experiment with the cultivar Ito were Stellaria media and Stachys arvensis, whereas for Chonan, only the first was found. The herbicides applied in pre-emergence were efficient in controlling these species until 45 days after application - DAA. The highest injuries at 45 DAA were caused by S-metolachlor, with 33% for Ito cultivar and 10% for Chonan. The best herbicides, taking into account weed control and productivity, were pendimethalin and S-metolachlor, for the Ito cultivar, and pendimethalin, oxyfluorfen, and flumioxazin for the Chonan cultivar. Conclusions: The pendimethalin stood out for presenting excellent weed control and being selective for both garlic cultivars.

RESUMO: Um pônei mestiço de 48 horas de vida foi encaminhado ao hospital para avaliação por desconforto abdominal, diminuição do reflexo de sucção e prostração. Durante a investigação clínica, tratamentos de suporte e sintomáticos foram necessários, e radiografia abdominal foi realizada revelando cólon maior repleto de fezes e grandes quantidades de gás, além de fluido livre na cavidade. Após três dias de tratamento, o potro ainda não havia defecado, sendo a laparotomia exploratória indicada, mas os proprietários recusaram. Portanto, o potro foi humanamente eutanasiado. O exame post-mortem revelou ausência completa da flexura pélvica. Porções subseqüentes dos cólons dorsal, cólon transverso e cólon menor se apresentaram intensamente reduzidas. Além disso, na cavidade abdominal havia 850 ml de líquido translúcido amarelado. Esses achados são compatíveis com o hidroperitônio e a atresia coli tipo III na flexura pélvica, associados ao subdesenvolvimento dos cólons dorsal, transverso e menor.

ABSTRACT: A 48-hour-old mixed breed pony colt was referred to the hospital because of abdominal discomfort, weak suckling reflex and prostration. During clinical investigation, supportive and symptomatic treatments were necessary, and an abdominal radiography was performed revealing a large intestine filled with feces and large amounts of gas, in addition to free fluid in the cavity. After 3 days of treatment, the foal had not yet defecated, thus exploratory abdominal surgery was indicated, but the owners declined. Therefore, the foal was humanly euthanized. Post-mortem examination revealed complete absence of the pelvic flexure. Subsequent portions of the dorsal, transverse and small colons were intensely reduced. In addition, at the abdominal cavity there was 850 ml of yellowish translucent liquid. These findings are compatible with hydroperitoneum and type III atresia coli at the pelvic flexure, associated with underdevelopment of the dorsal, transverse and small colons.

RESUMO A persistência dos herbicidas no solo é extremamente importante para proporcionar controle de plantas daninhas durante o período crítico de interferência e determinar quais culturas poderão ser implantadas nos cultivos sucedâneos. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do metsulfuron-methyl aplicado em diferentes períodos em relação a semeadura da soja, buscando-se determinar o intervalo de tempo seguro entre a sua aplicação e a semeadura desta leguminosa, em diferentes condições edafoclimáticas. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, sendo um no município de Campo Mourão-PR (safra 2014/15) e outro em Curitibanos-SC (safra 2015/16). Ambos experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 2 x 6 + 1, onde o fator A representou duas doses de metsulfuron-methyl (1,98 e 3,96 g ha-1) e o fator B seis épocas entre a aplicação do metsulfuron-methyl e a semeadura da soja (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 e 75 dias após a aplicação - DAA), além de uma testemunha sem a aplicação do herbicida, para servir como padrão de comparação. Avaliou-se a porcentagem de fitointoxicação, altura de plantas, estande, número de vagens por planta, massa de 100 grãos e produtividade. Notou-se diferença na persistência do metsulfuron-methyl para os experimentos de Campo Mourão-PR e Curitibanos-SC, sendo maior para o primeiro município. O intervalo seguro entre a aplicação do metsulfuron-methyl e a semeadura da soja foi de 17 dias para o experimento de Curitibanos-SC e de 40 dias para Campo Mourão-PR. O volume de precipitação, o pH e a matéria orgânica são os principais fatores que podem ter influenciado na duração deste intervalo.

ABSTRACT The persistence of herbicides in the soil is extremely important for controlling weeds during the critical period of weed interference, and for determining which substitute crops might be sown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of metsulfuron-methyl when applied at different times in relation to sowing soybean, seeking to determine a safe interval between its application and sowing the legume under different conditions of soil and climate. Two experiments were conducted, one in the district of Campo Mourão in the state of Paraná (PR) (2014/15 crop) and the other in Curitibanos in the state of Santa Catarina (SC) (2015/16 crop). Both experiments were carried out in a randomised block design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a 2 x 6 + 1 factorial scheme, where factor A represented two doses of metsulfuron-methyl (1.98 and 3.96 g ha-1), and factor B six different intervals between applying the metsulfuron-methyl and sowing the soybean (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after application - DAA), in addition to a control without the application of herbicide, to serve as a standard for comparison. The following were evaluated: percentage phytotoxicity, plant height, stand, number of pods per plant, 100-grain weight and productivity. A difference was seen in the persistence of metsulfuron-methyl for the experiments in Campo Mourão PR, and Curitibanos SC, and was greater for Campo Mourão. The safe interval between applying the metsulfuron-methyl and sowing the soybean was 17 days for the experiment in Curitibanos and 40 days for Campo Mourão. Precipitation volume, pH and organic matter are the main factors to possibly have influenced this interval.

Resumo O biogás é uma tecnologia que possibilita a geração de energia através do processo de biodigestão anaeróbia, sendo uma opção a produção a partir de batata-doce como fonte energética. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar a produção de biogás em biodigestores anaeróbios de bancada, caracterizar os parâmetros físico-química das cultivares de batata-doce BRS Cuia e BRS Rubissol e dos genótipos Bela Vista e Laranjeiras. Foi feita análise de variância, teste Tukey e correlação com a caracterização físico-química dos genótipos por análise de componentes principais (ACP). A partir das análises da composição das raízes tuberosas, foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os genótipos, devido a influência na absorção da umidade, decomposição, ocorrendo variações na produtividade e qualidade das raízes. Para os ensaios do potencial bioquímico de metano (BMP - biochemical methane potential) a estimativa de produção de biogás foi de 2.906,5 L ha-1 para a cultivar BRS Cuia e de 2.712,4 L ha-1 para Laranjeiras, de 2906,5 L ha-1 para BRS Rubissol e de 398,2 L ha-1 para Bela Vista. A partir da ACP com a produção de biogás dos genótipos de batata-doce, dos parâmetros físico-químicos e agronômicos, foi possível identificar que todos os genótipos têm correlação direta com a quantidade de açúcares redutores e umidade, com explicação de 97,77% da variabilidade dos dados, e que o genótipo Laranjeiras foi o que apresentou maior potencial significativo em produzir biogás, seguido da BRS Cuia. Diante dos resultados obtidos enfatiza-se a cultura da batata-doce como fonte de biomassa para a geração de energia.

Abstract Biogas is a technology that enables the generation of energy through the process of anaerobic biodigestion, and sweet potato is an option as an energy production source. This research evaluated biogas production in anaerobic biodigesters and characterized the physico-chemical composition of two commercial sweet potato cultivars, BRS Cuia and BRS Rubissol, and two genotypes, Bela Vista and Laranjeiras. Variance analysis, the Tukey test and the physical-chemical characterization were completed, and the results were correlated using principal component analysis (PCA). In the analyses of tuberous root composition, significant differences between the genotypes were observed because of the influence of the absorption of moisture, decomposition, and variations in the yield and quality of roots. For the biochemical methane potential (BMP) test, the estimate of biogas production was 2,906.5 liters ha-1 for the cultivar BRS Cuia, 2,712.4 liters ha-1 for Laranjeiras, 2,906.5 liters ha-1 for BRS Rubissol, and 398,2 liters ha-1 for Bela Vista. The PCA analysis of sweet potato genotypes, physical-chemical and agronomic parameters showed all genotypes have a direct correlation with the amount of reducing sugars and humidity, with 97.77% of the data variability explained. The Laranjeiras genotype has the most significant potential to produce biogas, followed by the BRS Cuia cultivar. The results emphasize that the sweet potato crop is a good source of biomass for energy generation.

Resumo Disseminam-se atualmente em todo o mundo artigos que colocam em pauta a forma com que os professores sentem e vivenciam a profissão. O presente estudo buscou investigar as virtudes necessárias para ser um bom professor e o quanto os participantes percebem que tais características os descrevem como profissionais. Para tanto, utilizou-se o método de pesquisa misto, de forma a contemplar aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos dos fenômenos investigados. Participaram deste estudo 214 professores universitários brasileiros, que responderam um questionário formado por questões sociodemográficas e duas perguntas abertas sobre as virtudes do bom professor. A análise textual foi realizada a partir do software IRAMUTEQ e representada graficamente pela análise de similitude. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, as virtudes mais valorizadas no exercício docente foramconhecimento, temperança, justiça e humanidade. Estes resultados ajudam a pensar nas habilidades e competências exigidas na vida acadêmica, assim como na avaliação das práticas docentes.

Abstract Articles are now being disseminated throughout the world that highlight the way in which teachers feel and experience the profession.The present study investigated the virtues necessary to be a good teacher and how much the participants perceive that these characteristics describe them as professionals. For this, the mixed research method was used, in order to contemplate quantitative and qualitative aspects of the investigated phenomena. A total of 214 Brazilian university professors participated in this study, who answered a questionnaire formed by sociodemographic questions and two open questions about the virtues of the good teacher. The textual analysis was performed from the IRAMUTEQ software and graphically represented by similarity analysis. According to the results obtained, the virtues most valued in the teaching exercise were knowledge, temperance, justice and humanity. These results help to think about the skills and competences required in academic life, as well as the evaluation of teaching practices.

Resumen Se diseminan actualmente en todo el mundo artículos que colocan en pauta la forma con que los profesores sienten y vivencian la profesión. El presente estudio buscó investigar las virtudes necesarias para ser un buen profesor y lo cuanto los participantes perciben que tales características los describen como profesionales. Para tanto, se utilizó el método de investigación mixta, de forma a contemplar aspectos cuantitativos y cualitativos de los fenómenos investigados. Participaron de este estudio 214 profesores universitarios brasileños, que respondieron un cuestionario formado por cuestiones sociodemográficas y dos preguntas abiertas sobre las virtudes del buen profesor. El análisis textual fue realizado a partir del software IRAMUTEQ y representado gráficamente por el análisis de similitud. De acuerdo conlos resultados obtenidos, las virtudes más valoradas en el ejercicio docente fueron conocimiento, templanza, justicia y humanidad. Estos resultados ayudan a pensar en las habilidades y competencias exigidas en la vida académica, así como en la evaluación de las prácticas docentes.