ABSTRACT The most frequent glomerular diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome (NS) in adults are membranous glomerulonephritis (MG) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), related to HIV and infrequent in adolescents. Our objective is to describe a case of FSGS associated with HIV and the coexistence of amyloidosis and to demonstrate its improvement with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). A 14-year-old female adolescent was admitted to the Emergency Department for 1 week of illness after presenting oliguria and anasarca; a month later she was readmitted due to exacerbation of edematous symptoms and was diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). A renal biopsy was performed and secondarism tests were positive for HIV. In conclusion, it is unusual to find this glomerulopathy in an adolescent, so it is necessary to consider initially the presence of secondary disease in adolescents, showing the improvement of FSGS associated with HIV infection with HAART treatment.

RESUMEN Las enfermedades glomerulares más frecuentes asociadas al síndrome nefrótico (SN) en adultos son la glomerulonefritis membranosa (GM) y la glomeruloesclerosis focal y segmentaria (GEFS), relacionada a VIH e infrecuente en adolescentes. Nuestro objetivo es describir un caso de GEFS asociado a VIH además de la coexistencia de amiloidosis y evidenciar su mejoría con el tratamiento terapia antirretroviral de gran actividad (TARGA). Adolescente femenina de 14 años ingresa a emergencia por un tiempo de enfermedad de una semana tras presentar oliguria y anasarca; al mes reingresa por exacerbación del cuadro edematoso, se le diagnosticó artritis reumatoidea juvenil (ARJ). Se realizó biopsia renal y exámenes de secundarismos siendo positiva a VIH. En conclusión, es inusual encontrar esta glomerulopatía en una adolescente, por ello es necesario considerar inicialmente la presencia de secundarismos en adolescentes, evidenciando la mejoría de la GEFS asociada a infección de VIH con un tratamiento TARGA.

RESUMEN El acoso sexual callejero es una forma de acoso que consiste en comentarios indeseables, silbidos y otras acciones en espacios públicos, generalmente dirigidos hacia personas desconocidas por el acosador. Es una problemática social que atañe a las mujeres universitarias cubanas. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación fue describir la percepción del acoso sexual callejero en estudiantes femeninas de universidades cubanas, a partir de sus experiencias de vida. Se empleó un diseño cuantitativo, transversal de alcance descriptivo, mediante una encuesta en línea que empleó Google Forms® y el Cuestionario de Acoso Sexual Callejero. La muestra estuvo conformada por 300 mujeres pertenecientes a 9 instituciones de enseñanza superior del país. El tipo de acoso más presente fue el verbal/gestual; además, hubo poca presencia del acoso indirecto y del acoso físico/invasivo. Se propone desarrollar estudios posteriores que integren diversas variables sociales que pueden influir en este fenómeno, así como programas de concientización sobre su existencia e impacto.

ABSTRACT Street sexual harassment consists of unwanted comments, whistling and other actions in public spaces, generally directed towards people unknown to the harasser. It is a social problem that concerns Cuban university women, which is why the objective of this research is to describe the perception of street sexual harassment in female students of Cuban universities based on their life experiences. A quantitative, cross-sectional design of descriptive scope was used by means of an online survey using Google Forms®, using the Street Sexual Harassment Questionnaire. The sample consisted of 300 women belonging to 9 institutions of higher education in the country. It was found that the most common type of harassment was verbal/gestural harassment, in addition, there was a low presence of indirect harassment and physical/invasive harassment. It is proposed to develop further studies that integrate various social variables that may influence this phenomenon, in addition to awareness programs on its existence and impact.

Resumo No atual contexto de patógenos fúngicos resistentes emergentes tais como Candida albicans e Candida parapsilosis, a descoberta de novos agentes antifúngicos é uma questão urgente. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial antifúngico da 2-cloro-N-fenilacetamida contra cepas clínicas de C. albicans e C. parapsilosis resistentes a fluconazol. A atividade antifúngica da substância foi avaliada in vitro através da determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM), concentração fungicida mínima (CFM), ruptura e inibição da formação de biofilme, ensaios de sorbitol e ergosterol, e associação entre esta molécula e antifúngicos comuns, anfotericina B e fluconazol. O produto teste inibiu todas as cepas de C. albicans e C. parapsilosis, com uma CIM variando de 128 a 256 µg.mL-1, e uma CFM de 512-1,024 µg.mL-1. Também inibiu até 92% da formação de biofilme e causou a ruptura de até 87% de biofilme pré-formado. A 2-cloro-N-fenilacetamida não promoveu atividade antifúngica pela ligação ao ergosterol da membrana celular fúngica, tampouco danificou a parede celular. Antagonismo foi observado ao combinar esta substância com anfotericina B e fluconazol. A substância exibiu atividade antifúngica significativa ao inibir tanto as células planctônicas quanto o biofilme das cepas resistentes ao fluconazol. Sua combinação com outros antifúngicos deve ser evitada e seu mecanismo de ação deve ser estabelecido.

Abstract In the current context of emerging drug-resistant fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis, discovery of new antifungal agents is an urgent matter. This research aimed to evaluate the antifungal potential of 2-chloro-N-phenylacetamide against fluconazole-resistant clinical strains of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis. The antifungal activity of 2-chloro-N-phenylacetamide was evaluated in vitro by the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), inhibition of biofilm formation and its rupture, sorbitol and ergosterol assays, and association between this molecule and common antifungal drugs, amphotericin B and fluconazole. The test product inhibited all strains of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis, with a MIC ranging from 128 to 256 µg.mL-1, and a MFC of 512-1,024 µg.mL-1. It also inhibited up to 92% of biofilm formation and rupture of up to 87% of preformed biofilm. 2-chloro-N-phenylacetamide did not promote antifungal activity through binding to cellular membrane ergosterol nor it damages the fungal cell wall. Antagonism was observed when combining this substance with amphotericin B and fluconazole. The substance exhibited significant antifungal activity by inhibiting both planktonic cells and biofilm of fluconazole-resistant strains. Its combination with other antifungals should be avoided and its mechanism of action remains to be established.

ABSTRACT: The objective was to analyze Sporophila nigricollis and Sporophila caerulescens in terms of body conditions, parasitological, bacteriological, external biometric measurements, and histological analysis of the gastrointestinal tract. We used 115 individuals apprehended from 2020 to 2021 and sent to the Wild Animal Triage Center, Paraíba, Brazil. Concerning weight, S. nigricollis, females and males presented 9.36±1.36g and 9.70±1.39g, and S. caerulescens with 10.5±0.70g and 11.75±1.28g, being the second heaviest. The body condition in 69.62% of S. nigricollis and 62.50% of S. caerulescens was good. In the fecal microbiological examination, 40.25% of S. nigricollis and 40% of S. caerulescens were positive for Isospora sp. Dispharynx sp. was reported for the first time in S. nigricollis and S. caerulescens. In fecal bacteriology, 95.65% of S. nigricollis were identified with Gram-positive cocci and 73.91% with Gram-positive bacilli. Forty-one animals died and were placed under refrigeration for 48 hours; of these, 31.16% of S. nigricollis and 37.50% of S. caerulescens presented inadequate body conditions. 19.51% had gastrointestinal tract engorgement with hemorrhagic points, and 14.63% had hepatic alteration due to yellowish coloration. The study contributes with subsidies for the taxonomic elucidation of the genus Sporophila, in addition to the knowledge of the conditions in which birds are found in sorting centers, once the destination of most of the seized animals is the release, thus, a potential source of pathogens to the natural environment. ABSTRACT parasitological bacteriological measurements 11 202 Center Paraíba Brazil weight S 936136g g 9 36 1 36g 970139g 70 39g 9.70±1.39g 105070g 10 5 0 70g 1175128g 75 28g 11.75±1.28g heaviest 6962 69 62 69.62 6250 50 62.50 good examination 4025 40 25 40.25 sp bacteriology 9565 95 65 95.65 Grampositive Gram 7391 73 91 73.91 bacilli Fortyone Forty one 4 hours these 3116 31 16 31.16 3750 37 37.50 1951 19 51 19.51 points 1463 14 63 14.63 coloration centers release thus environment 20 3 7 696 6 69.6 625 62.5 402 2 40.2 956 95.6 739 73.9 311 31.1 375 37.5 195 19.5 146 14.6 69. 62. 40. 95. 73. 31. 37. 19. 14.

RESUMO: O objetivo foi analisar Sporophila nigricollis e Sporophila caerulescens quanto às condições corporais, parasitológicas, bacteriológicas, medidas biométricas externas e análise histológica do trato gastrointestinal. Foram utilizados 115 indivíduos apreendidos entre 2020 e 2021 e encaminhados ao Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres, Paraíba, Brasil. Quanto ao peso, S. nigricollis, fêmeas e machos apresentaram, 9,36±1,36g e 9,70±1,39g, e S. caerulescens com 10,5±0,70g e 11,75±1,28g, sendo o segundo mais pesado. A condição corporal em 69,62% de S. nigricollis e 62,50% de S. caerulescens foi boa. No exame microbiológico fecal, 40,25% de S. nigricollis e 40% de S. caerulescens foram positivos para Isospora sp. Dispharynx sp. foi relatada pela primeira vez em S. nigricollis e S. caerulescens. Na bacteriologia fecal, 95,65% dos S. nigricollis foram identificados com cocos Gram-positivos e 73,91% com bacilos Gram-positivos. Quarenta e um animais morreram e foram colocados sob refrigeração por 48 horas; destes, 31,16% de S. nigricollis e 37,50% de S. caerulescens apresentaram condições corporais inadequadas. 19,51% apresentaram ingurgitamento do trato gastrointestinal com pontos hemorrágicos e 14,63% alteração hepática devido à coloração amarelada. O estudo contribui com subsídios para a elucidação taxonômica do gênero Sporophila, além do conhecimento das condições em que as aves se encontram nos centros de triagem, uma vez que a maior parte dos animais apreendidos tem como destino a soltura, sendo assim, uma potencial fonte de patógenos para o ambiente natural. RESUMO parasitológicas bacteriológicas 11 202 Silvestres Paraíba Brasil peso S 936136g g 9 36 1 36g 970139g 70 39g 9,70±1,39g 105070g 10 5 0 70g 1175128g 75 28g 11,75±1,28g pesado 6962 69 62 69,62 6250 50 62,50 boa fecal 4025 40 25 40,25 sp 9565 95 65 95,65 Grampositivos Gram 7391 73 91 73,91 Grampositivos. positivos. 4 horas destes 3116 31 16 31,16 3750 37 37,50 inadequadas 1951 19 51 19,51 1463 14 63 14,63 amarelada triagem soltura assim natural 20 3 7 696 6 69,6 625 62,5 402 2 40,2 956 95,6 739 73,9 311 31,1 375 37,5 195 19,5 146 14,6 69, 62, 40, 95, 73, 31, 37, 19, 14,

Abstract Products derived from medicinal plants with antimicrobial activity are considered a promising alternative in the treatment of fungal infections. In this perspective, this study proposed to evaluate the antifungal activity of the dichloromethane fraction of Annona crassiflora Mart. against C. albicans strains. Tests were carried out to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Fungicide Concentration (MFC), microbial growth kinetics, fungal cell wall and membrane mechanisms of action, antifungal biofilm activity, and cytotoxic effects on human erythrocytes. The extract presented MIC and MFC values that ranged from 256 µg/mL to 1,024 µg/mL, with fungicidal activity in the microbial growth kinetics assay. The mechanism of action did not occur through damage to the cell wall or via binding to ergosterol in the membrane, though the fraction presents activity against biofilm and is not cytotoxic in human erythrocytes. The dichloromethane fraction of Annona crassiflora Mart. presented antifungal activity and reduced biofilm growth, without toxicity against human erythrocytes; however, further studies are needed to define its mechanism of action. infections perspective Mart C strains MIC, , (MIC) MFC, (MFC) erythrocytes 25 µgmL µg mL 1024 1 024 1,02 assay however (MIC (MFC 2 102 02 1,0 10 0 1,

Resumo Produtos derivados de plantas medicinais com atividade antimicrobiana são considerados uma alternativa promissora no tratamento de infecções fúngicas. Nesta perspectiva, o estudo propôs avaliar a atividade antifúngica da fração diclorometano da Annona crassiflora Mart. frente às cepas de C. albicans. Realizou-se ensaios para determinação de Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM), interferência sobre a cinética de crescimento microbiano, mecanismos de ação sobre a parede e a membrana celular fúngica, atividade antifúngica sobre o biofilme e os efeitos citotóxicos sobre eritrócitos humanos. Esse extrato apresentou valores da CIM e CFM que variaram de 256 µg/mL a 1,024µg/mL e no ensaio de cinética de crescimento microbiana, demonstrou atividade fungicida. O mecanismo de ação não ocorreu por danos na parece celular, tampouco por via ligação ao ergosterol da membrana. Demonstrou-se, ainda, que a fração tem ação frente ao biofilme e não é citotóxico em eritrócitos humanos. Assim, a fração diclorometano de Annona crassiflora Mart possui atividade antifúngica com capacidade de promover redução do crescimento do biofilme, não demosntrou toxicidade frente eritrócitos humanos, no entanto, necessita-se de mais estudos para definição do seu provável mecanismo de ação. fúngicas perspectiva C albicans Realizouse Realizou se (CIM CFM, , (CFM) microbiano fúngica humanos 25 µgmL µg mL 1024µgmL 1 024µg microbiana fungicida Demonstrouse, Demonstrouse Demonstrou se, Demonstrou-se ainda Assim entanto necessitase necessita (CFM 2

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among adolescents in northern Minas Gerais, identifying associated factors. Methods: cross-sectional study, with a sample by clusters of adolescents, probabilistic allocation, according to school, sex and age, in 2016. Sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics, lifestyle and dietary habits, morbidities, use of medications and cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as values ≤20 ng/mL, insufficiency as values >20 and <30 ng/mL and sufficiency as values ≥30 ng/mL. Hypovitaminosis D (deficiency and insufficiency) was defined as values ≤30 ng/mL. Associated factors were identified from Poisson regression, with a robust estimator, with definition of Prevalence Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals. Results: 494 adolescents were evaluated; 57.0% had hypovitaminosis D. Factors associated with deficiency were age (p<0.001) and chronic respiratory disease (p=0.046), and factors associated with hypovitaminosis D were age (p=0.019) and increased body mass index (p=0.007). No biochemical variable related to cardiovascular risk remained in the final model. Conclusion: high and worrying values of hypovitaminosis D were recorded among adolescents, especially among the youngest, with chronic respiratory disease and overweight. Objectives Gerais Methods crosssectional cross sectional study allocation school 2016 characteristics habits morbidities evaluated 20 ≤2 ngmL ng mL >2 30 <3 ≥3 ≤3 regression estimator 95 Intervals Results 49 570 57 0 57.0 p<0.001 p0001 p 001 (p<0.001 p=0.046, p0046 p=0.046 , 046 (p=0.046) p=0.019 p0019 019 (p=0.019 p=0.007. p0007 p=0.007 . 007 (p=0.007) model Conclusion youngest overweight 201 2 ≤ > 3 < ≥ 9 4 5 57. p<0.00 p000 00 (p<0.00 p004 p=0.04 04 (p=0.046 p=0.01 p001 01 (p=0.01 p=0.00 (p=0.007 p<0.0 p00 (p<0.0 p=0.0 (p=0.04 (p=0.0 (p=0.00 p<0. p0 (p<0. p=0. (p=0. p<0 (p<0 p=0 (p=0 p< (p< p= (p= (p

Resumo Objetivos: analisar a prevalência de deficiência e insuficiência de vitamina D entre adolescentes no norte de Minas Gerais, identificando fatores associados. Métodos: estudo transversal, com amostra por conglomerados de adolescentes, alocação probabilística, segundo escola, sexo e idade, em 2016. Foram avaliadas características sociodemográficas, antropométricas, hábitos de vida e alimentares, morbidades, uso de medicamentos e fatores de risco cardiovascular. Definiu-se deficiência de vitamina D para valores ≤20 ng/mL, insuficiência para valores >20 e <30 ng/mL e suficiência para valores ≥ 30 ng/mL. A hipovitaminose D (deficiência e insuficiência), foi definida para valores ≤30ng/mL. Os fatores associados foram identificados a partir da regressão de Poisson, com estimador robusto, com definição das Razões de Prevalência e Intervalos de Confiança de 95%. Resultados: foram avaliados 494 adolescentes; 57,0% apresentaram hipovitaminose D. Os fatores associados à deficiência foram a idade (p<0,001) e doença respiratória crônica (p=0,046) e os fatores associados à hipovitaminose D foram a idade (p=0,019) e o aumento no índice de massa corporal (p=0,007). Nenhuma variável bioquímica relacionada ao risco cardiovascular se manteve no modelo final. Conclusão: foram registrados valores elevados e preocupantes de hipovitaminose D entre adolescentes, especialmente entre os mais jovens, com doença respiratória crônica e com excesso de peso. Objetivos Gerais Métodos transversal probabilística escola 2016 sociodemográficas antropométricas alimentares morbidades Definiuse Definiu 20 ≤2 ngmL ng mL >2 <3 3 insuficiência, , insuficiência) 30ngmL 30ng ≤30ng/mL Poisson robusto 95 95% Resultados 49 570 57 0 57,0 p<0,001 p0001 p 001 (p<0,001 p=0,046 p0046 046 (p=0,046 p=0,019 p0019 019 (p=0,019 p=0,007. p0007 p=0,007 . 007 (p=0,007) final Conclusão jovens peso 201 2 ≤ > < 9 4 5 57, p<0,00 p000 00 (p<0,00 p=0,04 p004 04 (p=0,04 p=0,01 p001 01 (p=0,01 p=0,00 (p=0,007 p<0,0 p00 (p<0,0 p=0,0 (p=0,0 (p=0,00 p<0, p0 (p<0, p=0, (p=0, p<0 (p<0 p=0 (p=0 p< (p< p= (p= (p

Abstract This study aimed to assess vitamin D levels in female adolescents in the northern region of Minas Gerais, seeking factors associated with hypovitaminosis D, with a specific focus on cardiovascular risk factors. It adopts a cross-sectional and analytical design, nested within an intervention study. The assessment encompassed demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle data, as well as anthropometric, hemodynamic, and metabolic measurements. Bivariate analyses were conducted, and variables showing significance levels of up to 20% (p < .20) underwent multiple analyses. Among the 296 adolescents assessed, the predominant age group was 15 to 16 years old (n = 142; 48.0%). The majority identified as mixed race (59.5%) and reported a family income of up to 3 minimum wages (84.8%). Vitamin D deficiency was identified in 14.2% of the sample, insufficiency in 41.9%, and sufficiency in 43.9%. In logistic regression, only BMI remained associated with hypovitaminosis D. No biochemical or hemodynamic cardiovascular risk factors demonstrated an association with hypovitaminosis D. The evaluated population exhibited a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D, with excess weight being the sole cardiovascular risk factor linked to hypovitaminosis D.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os níveis de vitamina D em adolescentes do sexo feminino no norte de Minas Gerais, buscando os fatores associados à hipovitaminose D, com ênfase nos fatores de risco cardiovascular. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e analítico, inserido em um estudo de intervenção, que avaliou dados demográficos, socioeconômicos e de estilo de vida, além de medidas antropométricas, hemodinâmicas e metabólicas. Foram realizadas análises bivariadas, e as variáveis que apresentaram níveis de significância de até 20% (p < .20) foram submetidas à análise múltipla. Das 296 adolescentes avaliadas, a faixa etária predominante foi de 15 a 16 anos (n = 142; 48.0%). A maioria autodeclarou-se parda (59.5%) e relatou uma renda familiar de até 3 salários mínimos (84.8%). A deficiência de vitamina D foi constatada em 14.2% da amostra, insuficiência em 41.9% e suficiência em 43.9%. Na regressão logística, apenas o IMC manteve-se associado à hipovitaminose D. Nenhum fator de risco cardiovascular bioquímico ou hemodinâmico mostrou-se associado à hipovitaminose D. A população avaliada apresentou uma elevada prevalência de hipovitaminose D, sendo o excesso de peso o único fator de risco cardiovascular associado a essa condição.

Resumen Objetivo: La asociación de comorbilidades y síntomas cardíacos que alteran la función miocárdica podría ayudar a los médicos a identificar correctamente a poblaciones de riesgo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en población abierta de pacientes referidos a una unidad de PET/CT en la Ciudad de México para evaluación de la función miocárdica, perfusión y circulación coronaria. La isquemia se definió como una suma de diferencia de puntuación (SDS) ≥ 2. La asociación entre las comorbilidades y los síntomas cardíacos se fundamentó mediante modelos de regresión logística y análisis de tendencias. Realizamos un análisis de interacción para evaluar la adición de cualquier síntoma acompañante a condiciones comórbidas en el deterioro de la función miocárdica. Resultados: Se incluyeron 1.273 pacientes, 66,1% del sexo masculino, con una edad media de 62,4 (± 12.7) años, 360 (28,7%) con isquemia, 925 (72,7%) con al menos una comorbilidad y 676 (53,1%) con al menos una menos un síntoma cardíaco asociado. En pacientes sin isquemia, la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, la hipertensión arterial y los síntomas cardíacos adversos se asociaron con parámetros mecánicos, de perfusión y de flujo coronario adversos. Se observó una tendencia con el número acumulado de comorbilidades y síntomas cardíacos con aumento de la isquemia y disminución del flujo coronario. Solo en la disminución de la FEVI se demostró un efecto de interacción entre el aumento de las comorbilidades y los síntomas adversos. Conclusión: La alta carga de comorbilidades y síntomas en nuestra población altera la función miocárdica independientemente del nivel de isquemia.

Abstract Objective: Associating comorbidities and cardiac symptoms that alter myocardial mechanical function could help clinicians to correctly identify at-risk population. Methods: We conducted a functional open population cross-sectional study of patients referred to a positron emission tomography/computed tomography unit in Mexico City for evaluation of myocardial function, perfusion, and coronary circulation. Ischemia was defined as a sum difference score ≥ 2. Association between comorbidities and cardiac symptoms was tested using logistic regression models and trend analysis. We performed an interaction analysis to evaluate the addition of any accompanying symptoms to comorbid conditions on impairment of myocardial function. Results: One thousand two hundred and seventy-three patients were enrolled, 66.1% male, with a mean age of 62.4 (± 12.7) years, 360 (28.7%) with ischemia, 925 (72.7%) with at least one comorbidity, and 676 (53.1%) had at least one associated cardiac symptom. Patients without ischemia, type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension, and adverse cardiac symptoms were associated with adverse mechanical, perfusion, and coronary flow parameters. We observed a trend of a cumulative number of comorbidities and cardiac symptoms with increased ischemia and decreased coronary flow. Only in decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, we demonstrated an interaction effect between increased comorbidities and adverse symptoms. Conclusion: The high burden of comorbidities and symptoms in our population alters myocardial function regardless of the level of ischemia.

Abstract Introduction: This study aimed to assess the clinical, economic, and humanistic impact of short-bowel syndrome/chronic intestinal failure (SBS/CIF) in Portugal. Methods: This is a retrospective multicenter cohort chart review study, with a cross-sectional component for quality-of-life (QoL) evaluation. Inclusion criteria comprised patients with SBS/CIF, aged ≥1 year, with stable parenteral nutrition (PN). Data collection included patient chart review over a 12-month period and patient/caregiver self-report and SF-36/PedsQL™ questionnaires. Main endpoints comprised clinical and PN characterization, healthcare resource use (HRU), direct costs, and patient QoL. Results: Thirty-one patients were included (11 adults and 20 children). Patients’ mean age (standard deviation [SD]) was 57.9 (14.3) years in adults and 7.5 (5.0) years in children, with a mean time since diagnosis of 10.2 (5.9) and 6.6 (4.2) years, respectively. PN was administered for a mean of 5.2 and 6.6 days/week in adults and children, respectively; home PN occurred in 81.8% of adults and 90.0% of children for a mean of 9.6 and 10.8 months/year, respectively. The mean annual number of hospitalizations was 1.9 and 2.0 which lasted for a mean of 34.0 and 29.4 days in adults and children, respectively. Twenty-one and forty hospitalization episodes were reported in adults and children, respectively, of which 71.4% and 85.0% were due to catheter-related complications. Mean annual direct costs per patient amounted to 47,857.53 EUR in adults and 74,734.50 EUR in children, with PN and hospitalizations as the main cost-drivers. QoL assessment showed a clinically significant impaired physical component in adults and a notable deterioration in the school functioning domain in children. Conclusion: In Portugal, SBS/CIF patient management is characterized by a substantial therapeutic burden and HRU, translating into high direct costs and a substantial impairment of the adults’ physical function and children’s school functioning.

Resumo Introdução: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto clínico, económico e social da síndrome do intestino curto/falência intestinal crónica (SIC/FIC) em Portugal. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo e multicêntrico de revisão dos processos clínicos incluindo uma componente transversal para avaliação da qualidade de vida (QV). Os critérios de elegibilidade incluíram doentes com SIC/FIC, idade ≥1 ano, em nutrição parenteral (NP) e clinicamente estáveis. A recolha de dados incluiu a revisão dos processos clínicos ao longo de um período de 12 meses e a aplicação de questionários auto-administrados a doentes e cuidadores e de questionários de QV (SF-36/ PedsQL™). Os indicadores principais foram a caracterização clínica e da NP, a utilização de recursos de saúde, custos diretos e QV dos doentes. Resultados: Foram incluídos 31 doentes (11 adultos e 20 crianças). A idade média (desvio padrão: DP) foi de 57.9 (14.3) anos nos adultos e de 7.5 (5.0) nas crianças com um tempo médio desde o diagnóstico de 10.2 (5.9) e 6.6 (4.2) anos, respetivamente. A NP foi administrada durante uma média de 5.2 e 6.6 dias por semana, em adultos e crianças respetivamente, em 81.8% e 90.0% dos adultos/crianças foi feita em casa durante uma média de 9.6 ou 10.8 meses por ano, respetivamente. O número médio anual de hospitalizações foi de 1.9 (1.6) e 2.0 (1.5) com uma duração média de 34.0 (47.4) e 29.4 (32.3) dias, em adultos e crianças, respetivamente. Foram reportados 21 e 40 episódios de hospitalização em adultos/crianças, dos quais 71.4% e 85.0% foram devido a complicações relacionadas ao uso de cateter. Os custos diretos anuais médios por doente ascenderam a 47,857.53 EUR nos adultos e a 74,734.50 EUR nas crianças, sendo que os maiores responsáveis foram a NP e as hospitalizações. A avaliação da QV mostrou um comprometimento clinicamente significativo da componente física nos adultos e uma deterioração relevante da dimensão escolar nas crianças. Conclusões: A gestão dos doentes com SIC/FIC em Portugal é caracterizada por uma sobrecarga substancial a nível terapêutico e de utilização de recursos de saúde, o que se traduz em elevados custos diretos e comprometimento substancial da componente física nos adultos e do desempenho escolar nas crianças.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine corneal aberrations in patients indicated for excimer laser refractive surgery. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out with 161 eyes of 81 adult patients of both sexes with indication of excimer laser surgery for the correction of their refractive defect. Age, sex, defocus, astigmatism, coma, trefoil and spherical aberration were defined as variables, determined by routine topographic study with the KeratronTM Scout topographer, Optikon. Results: The following average values were obtained: defocus of -4.17 ± 0.29 D (-16.15 to 8.5 D) and absolute of 4.94 ± 0.199 (10 to 16.5 D), astigmatism of -1.56 ± 0.09 D (-9.44 to -0.09 D), coma of 0.25 ± 0.016 (0.01 to 1.5 D), trefoil of 0.204 ± 0.016 (0.01 to 1.18 D) and spherical aberration of 0.316 ± 0.018 D (0.0 to 1.27D). In 75 % of the cases, the absolute values for defocus were lower than 6.56; for astigmatism, lower than 0.33 D; for coma, lower than 0.33; for trefoil, lower than 0.25; and for spherical aberrations, lower than 0.32 D. Conclusions: The average values of corneal aberrations for defocus, astigmatism, coma, trefoil and spherical aberration are in the range of values reported in the scientific literature, while the distribution of corneal aberrations values present displacement of most of the cases towards the lower values of the determination range.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar las aberraciones corneales en pacientes con indicación de cirugía refractiva con láser de excímeros. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, transversal, descriptivo, con 161 ojos de 81 pacientes adultos, de ambos sexos con indicación de cirugía con láser de excímeros para la corrección de su defecto refractivo. Se definieron como variables edad, sexo, desenfoque, astigmatismo, coma, trefoil y aberración esférica, las que se determinaron por el estudio topográfico de rutina con el topógrafo KeratronTM Scout, Optikon. Resultados: Se obtuvieron los siguientes valores promedios: desenfoque -4,17 ± 0,29 D (-16,15 a 8,5 D) y absoluto 4,94 ± 0,199 (10 a 16,5 D), astigmatismo -1,56 ± 0,09 D (-9,44 a -0,09 D), coma 0,25 ± 0,016 (0,01 a 1,5 D), trefoil 0,204 ± 0,016 (0,01 a 1,18 D) y aberración esférica 0,316 ± 0,018 D (0,0 a 1,27D). En el 75 % de los casos los valores absolutos de desenfoque fueron inferiores a 6,56, de astigmatismo inferior a 0,33 D, de coma menor que 0,33, trefoil inferior a 0,25 y aberraciones esféricas menores que 0,32 D. Conclusiones: Los valores promedio de las aberraciones corneales desenfoque, astigmatismo, coma, trefoil y aberración esférica se encuentran en el rango de los valores reportados en la literatura científica y la distribución de los valores de las aberraciones corneales presentan desplazamiento de la mayoría de los casos hacia los valores más bajo del rango de determinación.

Resumo Os terpenóides, também chamados terpenos ou isoprenóides, são uma família de produtos naturais encontrados em todos os organismos vivos. Muitas plantas são produtoras destes metabolitos secundários, que constituem uma grande parte dos óleos essenciais. Uma das características mais importantes é que os compostos são voláteis, têm odor e podem ser utilizados numa variedade de aplicações em diferentes segmentos industriais ou na medicina tradicional. O Brasil tem uma flora rica e diversificada que pode ser utilizada como fonte de pesquisa para a obtenção de novas moléculas. Dentro desta flora, vale a pena mencionar a Caatinga como um bioma exclusivamente brasileiro que possui plantas adaptadas a uma série de condições climáticas e, portanto, um armazém de compostos a serem descritos. As infecções fúngicas são doenças cada vez mais comuns, devido a isso existe uma grande procura de novos agentes com baixa toxicidade e efeitos secundários. Os cientistas devem procurar novas moléculas que exibam atividade antifúngica para o desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos contra as infecções fúngicas. Esta revisão visa analisar dados científicos dos principais estudos publicados que descrevem o uso de terpenóides e as suas aplicações biológicas como antifúngicos. isoprenóides vivos secundários essenciais voláteis tradicional portanto descritos comuns antifúngicos

Abstract Terpenoids, also named terpenes or isoprenoids, are a family of natural products found in all living organisms. Many plants produce terpenoids as secondary metabolites, and these make up a large part of essential oils. One of most important characteristic is that the compounds are volatile, have odor and can be used in a variety of applications in different industrial segments and traditional medicine. Brazil has a rich and diverse flora that can be used as a source of research for obtaining new molecules. Within the Brazilian flora, it is worth mentioning the Caatinga as an exclusively Brazilian biome where plants adapt to a specific series of weather conditions and therefore become a great storehouse of the terpenoid compounds to be described herein. Fungal infections have become increasingly common, and a great demand for new agents with low toxicity and side effects has thus emerged. Scientists must search for new molecules exhibiting antifungal activity to develop new drugs. This review aims to analyze scientific data from the principal published studies describing the use of terpenes and their biological applications as antifungals. Terpenoids isoprenoids organisms metabolites oils volatile medicine herein common emerged drugs antifungals

ABSTRACT Background: Prognostic factors in previously healthy young patients with COVID-19 remained understudied. Objective: The objective of the study was to identify factors associated with in-hospital death or need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in young (aged ≤ 65 years) and previously healthy patients with COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study that included patients admitted with COVID-19. The primary outcome was in-hospital death/need for IMV. Secondary outcomes included need for IMV during follow-up, days on IMV, length of stay (LOS), hospital-acquired pneumonia/ventilator-associated pneumonia (HAP/VAP), and pulmonary embolism (PE). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: Among 92 patients, primary outcome occurred in 16 (17%), death in 12 (13%), need for IMV in 16 (17%), HAP/VAP in 7 (8%), and PE in 2 (2%). Median LOS and IMV duration were 7 and 12 days, respectively. Independent associations were found between the primary outcome and male sex (Adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 7.1, 95%CI 1.1-46.0, p < 0.05), D-dimer levels > 1000ng/mL (aOR 9.0, 95%CI 1.6-49.1, p < 0.05), and RT-PCR Ct-value ≤ 24 on initial swab samples (aOR 14.3, 95%CI 2.0-101.5, p < 0.01). Conclusions: In young and non-comorbid COVID-19 patients, male sex, higher levels of D-dimer, and low SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Ct-value on an initial nasopharyngeal swab were independently associated with increased in-hospital mortality or need for IMV.

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o efeito dos tratamentos térmicos no volume total dos poros, na área superficial dos poros, nas características estruturais e nos grupos funcionais dos materiais derivados da carbonização e pirólise da cama de aviário. Esses processos foram realizados em recipientes de porcelana contendo amostras de cama de aviário e colocados em uma mufla. Os tratamentos corresponderam a três temperaturas: amostras carbonizadas a 250 °C e pirolisadas a 350 e 450 °C. A porosidade superficial dos biocarvões fornece uma dimensão adequada para melhorar a capacidade de retenção de água, e os grupos funcionais da superfície podem ajudar a melhorar a fertilidade do solo. A influência das temperaturas nos poros do biocarvão foi investigada por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura com espectroscopia de energia dispersiva, difração de raios-X e espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier. A caracterização do biocarvão mostra estruturas mesoporosas, aumento da área superficial e volume dos poros. A composição química evidencia potássio em concentrações mais elevadas do que outros metais, enquanto grupos funcionais de superfície semelhantes foram encontrados no biocarvão, como fenólico, alifático, quinonas conjugadas e OH-fenólico. Os tratamentos térmicos aplicados à cama de aviário geraram amostras com características físicas, químicas e estruturais semelhantes. Assim, a produção de biocarvão pelo agricultor e seu uso como condicionador do solo podem contribuir para a redução da poluição agrícola, manejo e disposição eficiente da biomassa residual.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the effect of heat treatments on the total pore volume, surface area of pores, structural characteristics, and functional groups of the materials which derive from the carbonization and pyrolysis of poultry litter. These processes were carried out in porcelain containers containing poultry litter samples, which were then placed in a muffle furnace. The treatments corresponded to three temperatures: samples carbonized at 250 °C and pyrolyzed at 350 and 450 °C. The surface porosity of biochars provides a suitable dimension to improve the water holding capacity, and surface functional groups may help to improve soil fertility. The influence of the temperatures on the pores of the biochar was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The characterization of the biochar shows mesoporous structures, as well as increased surface area and pore volume. The chemical composition has potassium at higher concentrations than other metals, while similar surface functional groups were found in the biochar, such as phenolic, aliphatic, conjugated quinones, and OH-phenolic. The thermal treatments applied to poultry litter generated samples with similar physical, chemical, and structural characteristics. Thus, the production of biochar by the farmer and its use as a soil conditioner can contribute to the reduction of agricultural pollution, management, and efficient disposal of residual biomass.

Abstract Background: Congenital Anomalies represent an important cause of mortality in Mexico in individuals under one-year-old and kids between one and four years. The country has a Neural Tube Defects and Craniofacial malformation registry as well as a weekly registry of seven congenital anomalies of epidemiological interest Bifid Spine, Anencephaly, Encephalocele, Microcephaly, Cleft lip/palate, congenital syphilis, and congenital Rubella. Objective: To evaluate the tendency of the frequency of presentation of this pathologies. Methods: We searched the epidemiological bulletins of the Secretary of Health from 2000 to 2019, we registered the reported cases of the congenital anomalies of epidemiological interest, and we calculated the incidence per 100,000 births to observe how this indicator has evolved. We calculated Pearson´s correlation coefficient with different described risk factors for each congenital anomaly. Results: From the seven evaluated anomalies, five of them show a stable or decreasing tendency and two of them (Bifid Spine and Congenital Syphilis) show an increasing tendency. Conclusions: It is important to increase preventive actions for Congenital Anomalies in Mexico and to guaranty access to timely and quality prenatal attention.

Resumen Antecedentes: En México las anomalías congénitas representan una importante causa de mortalidad en los menores de un año y en los niños de entre uno y cuatro años. En el país se lleva a cabo el registro de los defectos del tubo neural y las principales malformaciones craneofaciales, así como un registro semanal de siete anomalías congénitas de interés epidemiológico: espina bífida, anencefalia, encefalocele, microcefalia, labio/paladar hendido, sífilis congénita y rubeola congénita. Objetivo: Observar la tendencia de la frecuencia de presentación de estas patologías en las últimas dos décadas. Métodos: Se revisaron los boletines epidemiológicos de la Secretaría de Salud desde el año 2000, registramos los casos reportados de las anomalías congénitas de interés epidemiológico y calculamos la incidencia por cada 100,000 nacimientos de cada año para observar cómo ha ido evolucionando. Resultados: De las siete patologías evaluadas, cinco muestran una tendencia estable o a la baja y dos (espina bífida y sífilis congénita) muestran una tendencia a la alta. Esta tendencia comenzó en el año 2012 en el caso de la espina bífida y en el 2015 para la sífilis congénita. Conclusiones: Es importante incrementar las acciones preventivas de anomalías congénitas en México y garantizar el acceso a una atención prenatal oportuna y de calidad.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In Cuba, the nasal application of recombinant human IFN-alpha- 2b (nasalferon) began in personnel at risk in order to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Objective: To characterize the safety in those subjects exposed to the use of Nasalferon at the Surgical Medical Research Center and to explore the effect of the prophylactic use of the drug against acute respiratory symptoms mainly caused by SARS-CoV-2. Material and Methods: Monocentric, prospective, open, and early surveillance epidemiological study conducted in healthcare workers who were administered Nasalferon. Surveillance was performed using the Prescription-Related Adverse Event Monitoring Surveillance method. The main variable was the presence of adverse events. Secondarily, the effect of the drug in preventing virus infection was explored. For the analysis of the main variable, the proportion of subjects who experienced each of the adverse events was estimated. In addition, the frequency distribution of the type of event, intensity, severity, and causality or imputability were estimated. Results: A total of 86 subjects were included; 50 of them experienced 15 types of adverse events. No severe or serious events were reported. Headache, leukopenia, decay, and arterial hypertension were classified as moderate ones. During the whole duration of the treatment and until a month after it, none of the subjects included in the study presented COVID-19 or other viral acute respiratory symptoms. Conclusions: Nasalferon proved to be a safe and tolerable drug and the included subjects did not present acute respiratory symptoms related or unrelated to COVID-19.

RESUMEN Introducción: En Cuba se empezó la aplicación nasal de IFN alfa 2b recombinante humano (Nasalferon) en personal de riesgo para prevenir la infección por el SARS-CoV-2. Objetivo: caracterizar la seguridad de los expuestos al uso del Nasalferon en el Centro de Investigaciones Médico Quirúrgicas y explorar el efecto del uso profiláctico del fármaco contra cuadros respiratorios agudos causados preferentemente por el SARS-CoV-2. Material y Métodos: Estudio epidemiológico monocéntrico, prospectivo, abierto, de vigilancia temprana en trabajadores sanitarios, a los que se le administró nasalferon. Se realizó la vigilancia mediante el método de Vigilancia del Monitoreo de Eventos Adversos Ligados a la Prescripción. La variable principal fue la presencia de eventos adversos. Secundariamente se exploró el efecto del fármaco en la prevención de infección por el virus. Para el análisis de la variable principal se estimó la proporción de sujetos con cada uno de los eventos adversos que se presentaron. Se estimaron, además, la distribución de frecuencia del tipo de evento, intensidad, gravedad y la causalidad o imputabilidad. Resultados: Se incluyeron 86 sujetos, de ellos, 50 experimentaron 15 tipos de eventos adversos. No se reportaron eventos severos ni graves. Los catalogados como moderados fueron: cefalea, leucopenia, decaimiento e hipertensión arterial. Durante el tiempo que duró el tratamiento y hasta un mes después de este, ninguno de los sujetos incluidos presentó COVID-19 ni otros cuadros respiratorios agudos virales. Conclusiones: El Nasalferon resultó ser un fármaco seguro y tolerable y los sujetos incluidos no presentaron cuadros respiratorios agudos relacionados o no con la COVID-19.