Objetivo O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a associação entre diferentes indicadores socioeconômicos com a atividade física e aptidão física relacionada à saúde em adolescentes. Métodos Participaram do estudo 716 adolescentes de ambos os sexos de 10 a 18 anos (46,8 % do sexo masculino), que responderam a um questionário com objetivo de estimar a atividade física habitual, a condição socioeconômica e realizaram dois testes de aptidão física relacionada à saúde. Os indicadores socioeconômicos analisados foram: Escolaridade paterna, materna, número de TVs, banheiros, automóveis, empregadas mensalistas, geladeiras e congeladores. Resultados Foram encontradas associações positivas entre escolaridade paterna (RP=1,61, 1,27-2,10 e RP=1,41, 1,10-1,83) e empregadas mensalistas (RP=1,97, 1,04-3,81 e 1,92, 1,05-3,52) com a atividade física recomendada e atividade física no tempo livre, respectivamente. O número de automóveis (RP=1,48, 1,02-2,19) e de congeladores (RP=1,88, 1,12-3,18) se associaram positivamente e o número de TVs negativamente (RP=0,75, 0,63-0,89) com a atividade física no tempo livre. O número de TVs (RP=0,80, 0,67-0,96) e de automóveis (RP=0,70, 0,55-0,89) se associaram negativamente com a aptidão cardiorrespiratória enquanto que a escolaridade paterna (RP=1,17, 1,00-1,37) e número de banheiros (RP=1,25, 1,02-1,54) se associaram positivamente com a força muscular. Conclusão A atividade física e a aptidão física relacionada à saúde se associaram com a condição socioeconômica. No entanto, as associações são dependentes do indicador socioeconômico analisado. Estudos que utilizaram diferentes indicadores socioeconômicos devem ser analisados com cautela.

Objective This study was aimed at analysing the association between socioeconomic indicators and adolescents' physical activity and health-related fitness. Methods The study involved 716 adolescents from both genders whose age ranged from 10 to 18 years-old (46.8% male) who answered a questionnaire for estimating their habitual physical activity, socioeconomic status; two health-related physical fitness tests were also performed. The socioeconomic indicators analysed concerned their parents' educational level and the number of bathrooms, TVs, cars, housemaids, refrigerators and freezers in their homes. Results A positive association was found between paternal education (PR=1.61 (range 1.27-2.10) and 1.41 (1.10-1.83)) and housemaids (PR=1.97 (1.04-3.81) and 1.92 (1.05-3.52)) with recommended physical activity and leisure time physical activity, respectively. The number of cars (PR=1.48: 1.02-2.19) and freezers (PR=1.88: 1.12-3.18) was positively associated with leisure time physical activity and the number of TVs negatively so (PR=0.75: 0.63-0.89). The number of TVs (PR=0.80: 0.67-0.96) and cars (PR=0.70: 0.55-0.89) was negatively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness whilst paternal education (PR=1.17: 1.00-1.37) and the number of bathrooms in the home (PR=1.25: 1.02-1.54) were positively associated with muscular strength. Conclusion Physical activity and health-related physical fitness were associated with socioeconomic status. However, such association depended on the socioeconomic indicator being analysed. Caution should be taken when analysing studies which use different socioeconomic indicators.

Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la asociación entre diferentes indicadores socioeconómicos con la actividad física y aptitud física relacionada con la salud en adolescentes. Métodos Participaron en este estudio 716 adolescentes de ambos sexos de 10 a 18 años (46,8 % de sexo masculino), que respondieron a un cuestionario para estimar la actividad física habitual, condición socioeconómica y llevado a cabo dos pruebas de aptitud física relacionada con la salud. Los Indicadores socioeconómicos analizados fueron: escolaridad paterna, materna, televisores, baños, automóviles, sirvientas, refrigeradores y congelador. Resultados Se encontraron asociaciones positivas entre escolaridad paterna (RP=1,61, 1,27-2,10 e RP=1,41, 1,10-1,83) y sirvientas (RP=1,97, 1,04-3,81 e 1,92, 1,05-3,52) con la actividad física recomendada y la actividad física en el tiempo libre respectivamente. El número de automóviles (RP=1,48, 1,02-2,19) y congelador (RP=1,88, 1,12-3,18) se asociaron positivamente y el número de televisores negativamente (RP=0,75, 0,63-0,89) con la actividad física en tiempo libre. El número de televisores (RP=0,80, 0,67-0,96) y automóviles (RP=0,70, 0,55-0,89) se asociaron negativamente con la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria mientras la escolaridad paterna (RP=1,17, 1,00-1,37) y número de baños (RP=1,17, 1,00-1,37) se asociaron positivamente con la fuerza muscular. Conclusiones La actividad física y aptitud física relacionada con la salud tienen asociación con la condición socioeconómica. Sin embargo, las asociaciones son dependientes del indicador socioeconómico analizado. Debe tenerse cuidado al analizar los estudios que utilizan diferentes indicadores socioeconómicos.

Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la asociación entre diferentes indicadores socioeconómicos con la actividad física y aptitud física relacionada con la salud en adolescentes. Métodos Participaron en este estudio 716 adolescentes de ambos sexos de 10 a 18 años (46,8 % de sexo masculino), que respondieron a un cuestionario para estimar la actividad física habitual, condición socioeconómica y llevado a cabo dos pruebas de aptitud física relacionada con la salud. Los Indicadores socioeconómicos analizados fueron: escolaridad paterna, materna, televisores, baños, automóviles, sirvientas, refrigeradores y congelador. Resultados Se encontraron asociaciones positivas entre escolaridad paterna (RP=1,61, 1,27-2,10 e RP=1,41, 1,10-1,83) y sirvientas (RP=1,97, 1,04-3,81 e 1,92, 1,05-3,52) con la actividad física recomendada y la actividad física en el tiempo libre respectivamente. El número de automóviles (RP=1,48, 1,02-2,19) y congelador (RP=1,88, 1,12-3,18) se asociaron positivamente y el número de televisores negativamente (RP=0,75, 0,63-0,89) con la actividad física en tiempo libre. El número de televisores (RP=0,80, 0,67-0,96) y automóviles (RP=0,70, 0,55-0,89) se asociaron negativamente con la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria mientras la escolaridad paterna (RP=1,17, 1,00-1,37) y número de baños (RP=1,17, 1,00-1,37) se asociaron positivamente con la fuerza muscular. Conclusiones La actividad física y aptitud física relacionada con la salud tienen asociación con la condición socioeconómica. Sin embargo, las asociaciones son dependientes del indicador socioeconómico analizado. Debe tenerse cuidado al analizar los estudios que utilizan diferentes indicadores socioeconómicos.

Objective This study was aimed at analysing the association between socioeconomic indicators and adolescents' physical activity and health-related fitness. Methods The study involved 716 adolescents from both genders whose age ranged from 10 to 18 years-old (46.8% male) who answered a questionnaire for estimating their habitual physical activity, socioeconomic status; two health-related physical fitness tests were also performed. The socioeconomic indicators analysed concerned their parents' educational level and the number of bathrooms, TVs, cars, housemaids, refrigerators and freezers in their homes. Results A positive association was found between paternal education (PR=1.61 (range 1.27-2.10) and 1.41 (1.10-1.83)) and housemaids (PR=1.97 (1.04-3.81) and 1.92 (1.05-3.52)) with recommended physical activity and leisure time physical activity, respectively. The number of cars (PR=1.48: 1.02-2.19) and freezers (PR=1.88: 1.12-3.18) was positively associated with leisure time physical activity and the number of TVs negatively so (PR=0.75: 0.63-0.89). The number of TVs (PR=0.80: 0.67-0.96) and cars (PR=0.70: 0.55-0.89) was negatively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness whilst paternal education (PR=1.17: 1.00-1.37) and the number of bathrooms in the home (PR=1.25: 1.02-1.54) were positively associated with muscular strength. Conclusion Physical activity and health-related physical fitness were associated with socioeconomic status. However, such association depended on the socioeconomic indicator being analysed. Caution should be taken when analysing studies which use different socioeconomic indicators.

Objetivo O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a associação entre diferentes indicadores socioeconômicos com a atividade física e aptidão física relacionada à saúde em adolescentes. Métodos Participaram do estudo 716 adolescentes de ambos os sexos de 10 a 18 anos (46,8 % do sexo masculino), que responderam a um questionário com objetivo de estimar a atividade física habitual, a condição socioeconômica e realizaram dois testes de aptidão física relacionada à saúde. Os indicadores socioeconômicos analisados foram: Escolaridade paterna, materna, número de TVs, banheiros, automóveis, empregadas mensalistas, geladeiras e congeladores. Resultados Foram encontradas associações positivas entre escolaridade paterna (RP=1,61, 1,27-2,10 e RP=1,41, 1,10-1,83) e empregadas mensalistas (RP=1,97, 1,04-3,81 e 1,92, 1,05-3,52) com a atividade física recomendada e atividade física no tempo livre, respectivamente. O número de automóveis (RP=1,48, 1,02-2,19) e de congeladores (RP=1,88, 1,12-3,18) se associaram positivamente e o número de TVs negativamente (RP=0,75, 0,63-0,89) com a atividade física no tempo livre. O número de TVs (RP=0,80, 0,67-0,96) e de automóveis (RP=0,70, 0,55-0,89) se associaram negativamente com a aptidão cardiorrespiratória enquanto que a escolaridade paterna (RP=1,17, 1,00-1,37) e número de banheiros (RP=1,25, 1,02-1,54) se associaram positivamente com a força muscular. Conclusão A atividade física e a aptidão física relacionada à saúde se associaram com a condição socioeconômica. No entanto, as associações são dependentes do indicador socioeconômico analisado. Estudos que utilizaram diferentes indicadores socioeconômicos devem ser analisados com cautela.

Brazilian spotted fever is caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, which is the most pathogenic species of the spotted-fever rickettsiae group and is transmitted by the bite of infected ticks. Amblyomma cajennense is the most important tick species involved in the cycle of this zoonosis in Brazil as it presents low host specificity, great number of natural reservoirs and wide geographic distribution. It was first described in the state of São Paulo in 1929 and later in Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Bahia. The number of cases decreased in the 1940's with the development of new plague control techniques and antibiotics. In the last decades, the number of new cases has increased. The current review aimed at reporting some of the epidemiological and public health aspects of this reemergent disease with new foci, mainly in the southeastern region of Brazil.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of small intestine submucosa (SIS) in the reconstruction of the ureter in swine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An experimental study was performed in 10 half-breed pigs weighing between 20 and 30 K, in which a previously prepared segment of SIS measuring approximately 2.0 cm was implanted in the upper third part of the right ureter. RESULTS: Of the 10 operated animals, one died 14 days after the surgery due to a dehiscence on the suture line of the implanted graft. The remaining 9 animals were submitted to ultrasound examination of the urinary tract and were sacrificed on the 40th postoperative day. The macroscopic evaluation showed no calculus, incrustation, fistula, abscesses or adhesions in the ureters with the graft. Microscopic evaluation with hematoxylin-eosin and Sirius red showed in the experimental area (graft) the presence of urothelium in 100% of the cases, collagen in 100% of the cases, and smooth muscle layer in 87.5% of the animals. In the area adjacent to the graft (proximal and distal), we observed 92.86% of urothelium, 42.86% of collagen and 71.43% of smooth muscle. In the contralateral ureter, it was found 100% of urothelium and smooth muscle and just 11.11% of collagen. The microscopic analysis of the kidneys whose ureters received the graft of SIS evidenced congestion in 55.55%, pelvic edema in 66.66% and interstitial nephritis in 77.78%. Hydronephrosis was present in 33.33% and chronic pyelonephritis in 44%. Only 1 animal presented total absence of glomerulus in the renal parenchyma. CONCLUSION: The SIS graft behaved as a biological tissue support, allowing the regeneration of the urothelium and smooth muscle grow, despite of chronic inflammatory process.