RESUMO Lagartas de Automeris liberia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) são importantes desfolhadoras da palma de óleo, Elaeis guineensis (Arecaceae) nas Américas Central e do Sul. A família Tachinidae (Diptera) compreende moscas parasitoides de muitos insetos-praga, principalmente da ordem Lepidoptera. Contudo, o registro de hospedeiros de taquinídeos ainda é relativamente escasso. No presente trabalho, relatamos a ocorrência de Belvosia sp. aff. williamsi (Diptera: Tachinidae: Exoristinae: Goniini) e Leptostylum oligothrix (Diptera: Tachinidae: Exoristinae: Blondeliini) parasitando lagartas de A. liberia em E. guineensis no município de Tailândia, Pará, Brasil. Trata-se do primeiro registro do parasitismo de A. liberia por Leptostylum no Brasil, bem como o primeiro por Belvosia no mundo. Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera Saturniidae óleo Arecaceae (Arecaceae Sul Diptera (Diptera insetospraga, insetospraga insetos praga, praga insetos-praga Contudo escasso trabalho sp aff Exoristinae Goniini Blondeliini E Tailândia Pará Brasil Tratase Trata se mundo

ABSTRACT Automeris liberia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) caterpillars are important defoliators of the African oil palm, Elaeis guineensis (Arecaceae) in Central and South America. The family Tachinidae (Diptera) comprises flies that are parasitoids of many insect pests, mainly from the order Lepidoptera. However, host records for tachinids are still relatively scarce. In the present work, we report the occurrence of Belvosia sp. aff. williamsi (Diptera: Tachinidae: Exoristinae: Goniini) and Leptostylum oligothrix (Diptera: Tachinidae: Exoristinae: Blondeliini) parasitizing caterpillars of A. liberia in E. guineensis in the municipality of Tailândia, state of Pará, Brazil. This is the first record of the parasitism of A. liberia by Leptostylum in Brazil, as well as by Belvosia in the world. Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera Saturniidae palm Arecaceae (Arecaceae America Diptera (Diptera pests However scarce work sp aff Exoristinae Goniini Blondeliini A E Tailândia Pará Brazil world

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las tendencias temporales de los casos notificados de hepatitis viral en Mato Grosso, Brasil, de 2010 a 2019. Método: estudio epidemiológico de tipo ecológico, con recolección de datos en el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Información Obligatoria. Para el análisis de tendencia temporal se realizó una transformación logarítmica de los coeficientes y el procedimiento de Prais-Winsten para el análisis de regresión lineal generalizada. Resultados: se registraron 9.043 casos de hepatitis viral: hepatitis A (13,62%), B (67,19%), C (18,07%), D (0,49%) y ningún registro de hepatitis E. Hubo mayor prevalencia de casos notificados en 2014 (12,36%) y menor en 2018 (8,16%). La hepatitis C (IC 95% 2,5; 3,4) fue la única con tendencia creciente, mientras que la A (IC 95% -4,8; -4,6), B (IC 95% -0,9; -1,2) y D (IC 95% - 0.2; -3.9) mostraron una tendencia decreciente. Conclusión: es fundamental continuar y mejorar las acciones de afrontamiento para eliminar estas enfermedades en el estado, dadas las tendencias e incidencia que tienen. Objetivo Grosso Brasil 201 2019 Método ecológico Obligatoria PraisWinsten Prais Winsten generalizada Resultados 9043 9 043 9.04 13,62%, 1362 13,62% , 13 62 (13,62%) 67,19%, 6719 67,19% 67 19 (67,19%) 18,07%, 1807 18,07% 18 07 (18,07%) 0,49% 049 0 49 (0,49% E 12,36% 1236 12 36 (12,36% 8,16%. 816 8,16% . 8 16 (8,16%) IC 95 2,5 25 2 5 3,4 34 3 4 creciente 4,8 48 -4,8 4,6, 46 4,6 6 -4,6) 0,9 09 -0,9 1,2 1 -1,2 0.2 02 3.9 39 -3.9 decreciente Conclusión estado tienen 20 904 04 9.0 136 13,62 (13,62% 671 67,19 (67,19% 180 18,07 (18,07% 0,49 (0,49 12,36 123 (12,36 81 8,16 (8,16% 2, 3, 4, -4, -4,6 0, -0, 1, -1, 0. 3. -3. 90 9. 13,6 (13,62 67,1 (67,19 18,0 (18,07 0,4 (0,4 12,3 (12,3 8,1 (8,16 -4 -0 -1 -3 13, (13,6 67, (67,1 18, (18,0 (0, 12, (12, 8, (8,1 (13, (67, (18, (0 (12 (8, (13 (67 (18 ( (1 (8 (6

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as tendências temporais dos casos notificados de hepatites virais em Mato Grosso - BR, no período de 2010 a 2019. Método: estudo epidemiológico do tipo ecológico, com coleta de dados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Para análise da tendência temporal foi realizada transformação logarítmica dos coeficientes e procedimento de Prais-Winsten para análise de regressão linear generalizada. Resultados: foram registrados 9.043 casos de hepatites virais: hepatites A (13,62%), B (67,19%), C (18,07%), D (0,49%) e ausência de registros hepatite E. Houve maior prevalência de casos notificados em 2014 (12,36%) e menor em 2018 (8,16%). A hepatite C (IC95% 2,5; 3,4) foi a única com tendência crescente, enquanto A (IC95% -4,8; -4,6), B (IC95% -0,9; -1,2) e D (IC95% -0,2; -3,9) apresentaram tendência decrescente. Conclusão: conclui-se que é imprescindível a continuidade e melhoria das ações de enfrentamento para eliminação desses agravos no estado em face de suas tendências e incidência. Objetivo BR 201 2019 Método ecológico Notificação PraisWinsten Prais Winsten generalizada Resultados 9043 9 043 9.04 13,62%, 1362 13,62% , 13 62 (13,62%) 67,19%, 6719 67,19% 67 19 (67,19%) 18,07%, 1807 18,07% 18 07 (18,07%) 0,49% 049 0 49 (0,49% E 12,36% 1236 12 36 (12,36% 8,16%. 816 8,16% . 8 16 (8,16%) IC95% IC95 IC (IC95 2,5 25 2 5 3,4 34 3 4 crescente 4,8 48 -4,8 4,6, 46 4,6 6 -4,6) 0,9 09 -0,9 1,2 1 -1,2 0,2 02 -0,2 3,9 39 -3,9 decrescente Conclusão concluise conclui se incidência 20 904 04 9.0 136 13,62 (13,62% 671 67,19 (67,19% 180 18,07 (18,07% 0,49 (0,49 12,36 123 (12,36 81 8,16 (8,16% IC9 (IC9 2, 3, 4, -4, -4,6 0, -0, 1, -1, -3, 90 9. 13,6 (13,62 67,1 (67,19 18,0 (18,07 0,4 (0,4 12,3 (12,3 8,1 (8,16 (IC -4 -0 -1 -3 13, (13,6 67, (67,1 18, (18,0 (0, 12, (12, 8, (8,1 (13, (67, (18, (0 (12 (8, (13 (67 (18 ( (1 (8 (6

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the time trends of viral hepatitis cases notified from 2010 to 2019 in Mato Grosso - BR. Method: an epidemiological study of the ecological type, with data collection in the Notifiable Diseases Information System. For the analysis of the time trend, a logarithmic transformation of the coefficients and the Prais-Winsten procedure for generalized linear regression analysis were performed. Results: 9,043 viral hepatitis cases were recorded: Hepatitis A (13.62%), Hepatitis B (67.19%), Hepatitis C (18.07%) and Hepatitis D (0.49%), with no Hepatitis E records. The prevalence of cases notified was higher in 2014 (12.36%) and lower in 2018 (8.16%). Hepatitis C (95% CI: 2.5; 3.4) was the only one with an increasing trend, while Hepatitis A (95% CI: -4.8; -4.6), Hepatitis B (95% CI: -0.9; -1.2) and Hepatitis D (95% CI:-0.2; -3.9) presented a decreasing trend. Conclusion: in view of their trends and incidence, it is concluded that it is indispensable to continue and improve coping actions to eradicate these diseases in the state. Objective 201 BR Method type System trend PraisWinsten Prais Winsten performed Results 9043 9 043 9,04 recorded 13.62%, 1362 13.62% , 13 62 (13.62%) 67.19%, 6719 67.19% 67 19 (67.19%) 18.07% 1807 18 07 (18.07% 0.49%, 049 0.49% 0 49 (0.49%) records 12.36% 1236 12 36 (12.36% 8.16%. 816 8.16% . 8 16 (8.16%) 95% 95 (95 CI 2.5 25 2 5 3.4 34 3 4 4.8 48 -4.8 4.6, 46 4.6 6 -4.6) 0.9 09 -0.9 1.2 1 -1.2 CI0.2 CI02 0.2 CI:-0.2 3.9 39 -3.9 Conclusion incidence state 20 904 04 9,0 136 13.62 (13.62% 671 67.19 (67.19% 18.07 180 (18.07 0.49 (0.49% 12.36 123 (12.36 81 8.16 (8.16% (9 2. 3. 4. -4. -4.6 0. -0. 1. -1. CI0 CI0. 02 CI:-0. -3. 90 9, 13.6 (13.62 67.1 (67.19 18.0 (18.0 0.4 (0.49 12.3 (12.3 8.1 (8.16 ( -4 -0 -1 CI:-0 -3 13. (13.6 67. (67.1 18. (18. (0.4 12. (12. 8. (8.1 CI:- (13. (67. (18 (0. (12 (8. (13 (67 (1 (0 (8 (6

ABSTRACT Studies involving endophytic fungi isolated from endemic plants and their antibacterial potential are largely unknown in the Pampa biome. In this study, we identified endophytic fungi isolated from Kelissa brasiliensis (Iridaceae), an endemic species of the Brazilian Pampa, and assessed their antibacterial activity. Endophytic fungi were first grouped based on macro-and micro-morphology, and one representative of each morphospecies was analyzed using sequences from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region. We then tested the fungal extracts against laboratory isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli for antibacterial activity. A total of 30 endophytes were isolated from the tissues of K. brasiliensis, with the majority from the leaves. Endophytes were then grouped into seven morphospecies based on their morphological features and one representative from each was selected for phylogenetic analysis. The inference from the ITS rDNA sequences identified the endophytes of the seven selected morphospecies as belonging to six taxonomic groups: Colletotrichum (two), Diaporthe (one), Epicoccum (one), Fusarium (one), and Pestalotiopsis (one). The endophyte extracts revealed better results against E. coli than S. aureus, although the extracts from Colletotrichum and Pestalotiopsis sp. were statistically similar to the control antibiotic. Our study is a basis for endophytic fungi studies in Pampa.

Copaifera species (Fabaceae) comprises approximately 70 species of large trees, from which 16 can be found in Brazil. The oleoresins obtained from their trunk are widely used in Brazilian folk medicine, which display important antitumoral potential. Chemically, these oleoresins are mainly composed of a mixture of sesquiterpenes and diterpenes. In this paper we are describing the isolation and identification of 12 already known terpenes from oleoresins obtained from three different Copaifera species (C. multijuga, C. pubiflora and C. trapezifolia) and 2 novel diterpenes (ent-16-hidroxy-3,13 clerodadien-15,18-dioic acid and ent-labda-5,13-dien-15-oic acid) from C. trapezifolia. Both new compounds were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic (1H and 13C NMR, correlation 1H-1H (COSY), heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC) and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC)) and by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESIMS) analyses. The cytotoxic potential of these oleoresins, their main non-volatile compounds and their volatile compound fractions were evaluated against a panel of tumoral (MCF-7, ACP01, A549, HeLa) and normal cell lines (MCF-10A, GM07492-A) through XTT (tetrazolium salt) and SRB (sulforhodamine B) assays. The novel diterpene ent-labda-5,13-dien-15-oic acid displayed relevant cytotoxic effect against most of the cancer cell lines with mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 3.57 ± 1.12 to 22.56 ± 1.03 µg mL-1, and a high selectivity level in both assays.

Abstract Objective: This clinical study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of passive ultrasonic activation (PUA) in eliminating microorganisms in primary endodontic infection (PEI) after instrumentation of root canals using microbiological culture and checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Methodology: Twenty root canals with PEI and apical periodontitis were selected. The root canals were instrumented and then randomly divided into 2 groups, according to the irrigation method: PUA and conventional needle irrigation (CNI). Microbiological samples were collected before instrumentation (S1), after instrumentation (S2) and after irrigation with 17% EDTA (S3). The samples were subjected to anaerobic culture technique and checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization analysis. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between CNI (23.56%) and PUA (98.37%) regarding the median percentage values for culturable bacteria reduction (p<0.05). In the initial samples, the most frequently detected species was S. constellatus (50%), and after root canal treatment was E. faecalis (50%). Conclusion: Both treatments significantly decreased the number of bacterial species compared with the initial sample. However, no statistical difference in the total microbial load between PUA and CNI groups was detected. The number of cultivable anaerobic bacteria reduced significantly using PUA, and the bacterial composition and number of bacterial species after using either CNI or PUA was similar.

Abstract The anatomy of wood and charcoal was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy in three radial positions of E. urophylla and E. Grandis in different diameter classes at six years. The carbonization process was given in the muffle with an average rate of 0.5 °C increment per minute, using initial temperature of 150 °C and maximum of 450 °C. It was observed that the pore diameter presented higher values in the samples obtained in the internal position. The diameter classes of the trees almost did not influence the characteristics of the fibers. In the external position (close to the shell) fibers with higher values of cell wall thickness and smaller values of lumen diameter and width were identified. The fiber lumen diameter was not affected by the wood carbonization process, whereas the cell wall thickness and fiber width were reduced.

Abstract Background: Weedy rice belongs to the same taxon as irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.), and is the main weed of the crop. However, it exhibits different traits that produce greater competitive capacity using solar radiation. In competition for light, plants invest in photoassimilates for the shoots and can reduce their root development. Objectives: The objective of this work is to evaluate the initial growth of weedy and cultivated rice roots in response to light competition. Methods: The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse (hydroponic system), using a completely randomized design, arranged in a 2x2x6 factorial scheme, with five replications. Factor A consisted of the weedy rice biotype Q35B and the rice cultivar IRGA 424; factor B of light competition conditions (presence or absence of 75 weedy rice plants); and factor C of assessment time. At 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after transplanting, samples were taken from each experimental unity to measure the root area, perimeter, length, number of tips, and root dry weight (RDW), and shoot dry weight (SDW). Results: Competition for light reduced the area, perimeter, length, number of root tips, reduced the RDW and the SDW of both, the weedy rice biotype and crop rice. However, regardless of the competitive condition, the weedy rice showed a higher area, perimeter, initial growth, number of tips, RDW and SDW than that of cultivated rice. Conclusion: Weedy rice exhibits greater competitive capacity using the resources beneath the soil.

Resumo Este estudo foi realizado para investigar o perfil microbiano e os níveis de endotoxina de lesões endoperiodontais de origem periodontal. Amostras periodontais e endodônticas foram obtidas de bolsas periodontais e canais radiculares necróticos de 10 dentes com lesões endoperiodontais. A investigação de 40 espécies bacterianas diferentes foram determinadas em cada amostra endodôntica e periodontal usando o método de hibridização de DNA-DNA (checkerboard) e o ensaio cinético cromogênico LAL foi usado para quantificação de endotoxinas. O teste exato de Fisher correlacionou as espécies bacterianas com a microbiota endodôntica ou periodontal. Os níveis de endotoxina (EU/mL) encontrados nas amostras do canal radicular e na bolsa periodontal foram comparados pelo teste de Wilcoxon (p<0,05). Bactérias e unidades de LPS foram encontradas em 100% das amostras endodônticas e periodontais. As espécies E. faecium, P. acnes, G. morbillorum, C. sputigena e L. buccalis foram fortemente correlacionadas com a microbiota endodôntica e P. nigrescens com a microbiota periodontal. P. intermedia, P. endodontalis e V. parvula foram mais prevalentes em ambas microbiotas endodôntica e periodontal. Os níveis de endotoxina na bolsa periodontal (89600 EU/mL) foram significativamente maiores do que no canal radicular (2310 EU/mL). Concluiu-se que a microbiota presente nos tecidos periodontal e endodôntico é semelhante, com maior prevalência de espécies do complexo laranja e maior nível de endotoxina nas bolsas periodontais.

Abstract This study was carried out to investigate the microbial profile and endotoxin levels of endodontic-periodontal lesions of periodontal origin. Periodontal and endodontic samples were taken from periodontal pockets and necrotic root canals of 10 teeth with endodontic-periodontal lesions. Evidencing of 40 different bacterial species were determined in each endodontic and periodontal sample using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method and Kinetic chromogenic LAL assay was used for quantification of endotoxins. Fisher’s exact test correlated the bacterial species with the endodontic or periodontal microbiota. The endotoxin levels (EU/mL) found in samples of the root canal and periodontal pocket were compared by the Wilcoxon test (p<0.05). Bacteria and LPS units were found in 100% of the endodontic and periodontal samples. The species E. faecium, P. acnes, G. morbillorum, C. sputigena and L. buccalis were strongly correlated with the endodontic microbiota and P. nigrescens with the periodontal microbiota. P. intermedia, P. endodontalis and V. parvula were more prevalent in both endodontic and periodontal microbiots. The endotoxin levels in the periodontal pocket (89600 EU/mL) were significantly higher than in the root canal (2310 EU/mL). It was concluded that the microbiota present in the periodontal and endodontic tissues is similar, with a higher prevalence of species of the orange complex and a higher level of endotoxin in the periodontal pockets.

Polymers such as the biocompatible polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and the polysaccharide chitosan (Chi), a pH-sensitive polymer, have been studied for drug delivery applications and scaffolds production. In this work, matrices of PHB and Chi were produced by compression molding (SPHB-Chi) and loaded with a broad-spectrum biocide chlorhexidine (CHX) (SPHB-Chi-CHX). The matrices were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SPHB-Chi capacity to absorb and deliver CHX was evaluated by UV-Vis. The antibacterial activity of the samples against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli (most common pathogens that cause infection in several body sites) was evaluated using the disk-agar diffusion method. The CHX release results were fitted by the Power Law model. The results suggested that the morphology and the CHX delivery profile were directly related to the Chi amount in the samples and also showed that the SPHB-Chi-CHX is able to inhibit the microorganism proliferation, constituting it as a potential candidate for oral applications.

Abstract This essay reviews the scope and aims of Social Oceanography as it was presented and discussed at the First Social Oceanography Meeting organized at the Center for Human Geography Studies of El Colegio de Michoacán in September 2017. Social Oceanography is a hybrid field of study at the threshold between the natural and social sciences focused in understanding the relationships and interactions of past and present human societies, and the coastal/marine environment. We present our argument in three sections. First, we describe the chronological development and evolution of the discipline. Second, we offer a contemporary overview of the field of action of social oceanographers and the imperative need to extend this approach to all spheres of marine studies. Finally, we offer a synthesis summarizing the strengths and challenges in doing Social Oceanography and how we will deal with them through the formation of a CoLaboratory.

Resumen Este ensayo revisa los alcances de la oceanografía social tal como fue presentada y discutida en la Primera reunión de oceanografía social organizada en el Centro de Estudios en Geografía Humana de El Colegio de Michoacán en septiembre de 2017. La oceanografía social es un campo innovador e híbrido de estudio, situado en el umbral entre las ciencias naturales y sociales que abarca el estudio de las relaciones e interacciones de las sociedades humanas, presentes y pasadas, con el ambiente costero/marino. Dividimos el ensayo en dos secciones. Primero, describimos cronológicamente el surgimiento y evolución de la disciplina, así como un panorama contemporáneo del quehacer del oceanógrafo social y la imperante necesidad de expandir esta aproximación a todas las esferas de los estudios marinos. Finalmente, ofrecemos una síntesis de las fortalezas y retos que ofrece la oceanografía social y de cómo nos proponemos enfrentarlos a partir de la formación de un CoLaboratorio.

Abstract Stingless bees of the genus Melipona, have long been considered an enigmatic case among social insects for their mode of caste determination, where in addition to larval food type and quantity, the genotype also has a saying, as proposed over 50 years ago by Warwick E. Kerr. Several attempts have since tried to test his Mendelian two-loci/two-alleles segregation hypothesis, but only recently a single gene crucial for sex determination in bees was evidenced to be sex-specifically spliced and also caste-specifically expressed in a Melipona species. Since alternative splicing is frequently associated with epigenetic marks, and the epigenetic status plays a major role in setting the caste phenotype in the honey bee, we investigated here epigenetic chromatin modification in the stingless bee Melipona scutellaris. We used an ELISA-based methodology to quantify global methylation status and western blot assays to reveal histone modifications. The results evidenced DNA methylation/demethylation events in larvae and pupae, and significant differences in histone methylation and phosphorylation between newly emerged adult queens and workers. The epigenetic dynamics seen in this stingless bee species represent a new facet in the caste determination process in Melipona bees and suggest a possible mechanism that is likely to link a genotype component to the larval diet and adult social behavior of these bees.

Advanced glycation (AGEs) and lipoxidation (ALEs) products are formed through specific condensation reactions between nucleophiles (amino groups of free amino acids or their residues in peptides, aminophospholipids or proteins) and electrophiles (carbonyls of reducing sugars, oxidized lipids or others) generating well-defined sets of covalent adducts. The ε-amino group of the lysine is the most reactive precursor in proteins and the primary target of carbohydrate attacks. AGEs/ALEs accumulation has consequences in the development of vascular, renal, neural and ocular complications, as well as in the triggering of inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, AGEs/ALEs detection, quantification and, in some cases, the assessment of the extent of glycation in biomolecules of different matrices represent a factor of primary interest for science. Reliable analytical methods are thus required. Together with basic concepts, this review presents the main advances, challenges and prospects of research involving AGEs and ALEs in biological and food systems, exploring practical strategies to ensure greater reliability in the analysis of these compounds in different matrices.

Dental ceramics are known for their excellence in the artificial reproduction of natural teeth. Clinical cases with severe marked discoloration in the anterior region, need of crown replacement or extensive restorations associated to a redefinition and length of the teeth, are successfully treated with new ceramic systems such as IPS system e. Max. The system is based on glass-reinforced ceramic lithium disilicate crystals (6065%). This article describes a case of a 47 year old woman with four full crowns made with IPS e.max ceramic system is reported. The final result shows a natural and functional aesthetic with excellent optical properties, which are particular to the ceramic system used. In conclusion the IPS e.max ceramic system is a versatile system in addition to currently becoming an excellent alternative for restoration systems, both aesthetically and functionally, achieving an excellent balance between the patient's smile and aesthetic restorations.

Las cerámicas dentales son conocidas por su excelencia en reproducir artificialmente los dientes naturales. Casos clínicos más severos en el sector anterior, con acentuada alteración del color, necesidad de substitución de coronas o amplias restauraciones, asociado a una redefinición y largura de los dientes, son solucionadas satisfactoriamente a través de los nuevos sistemas cerámicos como lo sistema IPS e.Max. Este sistema es basado en una cerámica vítrea reforzada con cristales de disilicato de litio (6065%). En este artículo sereporta un caso deunapaciente de 47 años de edadque se realizaron cuatro coronas totales con el sistema cerámico IPS e.Max. El resultado final muestra una estética natural y funcional, con óptimas propiedades ópticas, que son peculiares al sistema cerámico empleado. La conclusión es que el sistema cerámico IPS e.Max es un sistema muy versátil, además de convertirse actualmente en una excelente alternativa como sistema de restauración, tanto estética como funcionalmente, consiguiendo una excelente armonía entre la sonrisa del paciente y la estética de las restauraciones.

Eucalypts is one of the main species used for commercial reforestation in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the survival and early growth of eucalyptus trees in an area subject to sandy process after three years of growth. The Eucalyptus grandis seedlings were grown in a greenhouse, innoculated or not with the isolated ectomycorrhizal Pisolithus microcarpus (UFSC-Pt116), produced in peat or Entisol. After 120 days, the seedlings were transplanted to an area subject to the sandy process, in the city of São Francisco de Assis, RS. The plants have been evaluated regarding survival, height, stem diameter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels and total phosphorus, inorganic phosphorus, organic phosphorus and wood production on different days after planting. The seedlings grown on the Entisol which was inoculated with the isolated UFSC-Pt116 presented higher survival rates, height, stem diameter, nitrogen concentration and wood production compared to the non-inoculated seedlings. Inoculation with ectomycorrhizal fungi enhanced the production of E. grandis seedlings in survival rates, height, stem diameter.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Exposição à fumaça de cigarro em "sidestream" difere da exposição ativa, pois apresenta efeitos mais intensos. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar o desempenho de ratos expostos à fumaça do cigarro em "sidestream", a curto prazo, em testes em campo aberto e em labirinto elevado em cruz. MÉTODO: A exposição do cigarro foi realizada durante 5 dias. Os ratos foram expostos à fumaça de cigarros durante uma hora. Testes em campo aberto e em labirinto elevado em cruz foram aplicados de acordo com estudos anteriores. Durante o teste de campo aberto, medimos o tempo gasto parado, o tempo em ereção e o número de vezes que o rato interceptou cada cruz tempo gasto nos braços fechados e abertos durante o teste de labirinto elevado em cruz. RESULTADOS: O grupo controle apresentou valores significativamente mais elevados em relação a locomoção e ereção durante o teste de campo aberto. Não houve diferença entre os grupos em relação ao teste labirinto em cruz elevado. CONCLUSÃO: A exposição à fumaça do cigarro em "sidestream" a curto prazo em ratos afeta o seu desempenho durante o teste de campo aberto.

OBJECTIVE: Sidestream cigarette smoke differs from mainstream smoke because it presents more intense effects. We aimed to evaluate the performance of rats exposed to short term sidestream cigarette smoke during open field and elevated plus-maze tests. METHOD: Cigarette exposure was carried out during 5 days. The rats were exposed to the cigarette smoke during one hour. Elevated plus-maze and open field tests were applied according to previous studies. During the open field test we measured the time spent stopped, raising and the number of times that the rat intercepted each cross (locomotion). We examined the number of entries in the open and closed arms and the time spent in the closed and open arms during elevated plus-maze test. RESULTS: Control group presented significantly higher values regarding locomotion and raising during the open field test. No difference was noted between the groups regarding the elevated plus-maze test. CONCLUSION: Sidestream cigarette smoke exposure for short term on rats affects their performance during the open field test.