Abstract This article aims to discuss the expectations of Homosexual Men, Bisexual Men and a Transgender Woman, who use or want to use an oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) about PrEP modalities. Sixteen PrEP users, who are followed up in the BCN Checkpoint, were interviewed,. The interviews were audio-recorded, subjected to thematic categorical analysis within the theoretical framework from the praxiographic perspective. They are all adapted to the use of daily oral and event-based PrEP. In relation to the new PrEP modalities (monthly pill; intramuscular injection every two months; subcutaneous injection every six months), they are all very receptive to these possibilities, but they lack information on the specificities of each and specific assessment of their needs. Comments about the use of oral PrEP are positive, and expectations regarding the new PrEP modalities are visibly high. However, the most important thing for the interviewees is the guarantee that they will have follow-up appointments to continue taking care of their affective-sexual health, which is not dependent on the type of PrEP modalities.

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir las concepciones de los Hombres Gay, Hombres Bisexuales y una Mujer Transgénero que usan o quieren usar profilaxis previa a la exposición por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana oral (PrEP) sobre nuevas vías de administración. Fueron entrevistados 17 usuarios del BCN Checkpoint. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas en audio, sometidas a análisis categorial temático teniendo en cuenta la perspectiva praxeográfica. Todos están adaptados al uso de la PrEP diaria y a demanda. En relación con las nuevas vías de administración (PrEP inyección intramuscular cada dos meses; pastilla mensual; inyección subcutánea cada seis meses) todos son muy receptivos a esas posibilidades, pero les falta información sobre las especificidades de cada una de ellas y una evaluación específica de sus necesidades. Tanto la satisfacción con el uso de PrEP oral, como las expectativas sobre las nuevas vías de administración son positivas. Sin embargo, lo más importante para los/a entrevistados/a es la garantía de que tendrán seguimiento para continuar cuidando de la salud afectivo-sexual, lo que no depende del tipo de vía de administración.

Abstract This article aims to discuss the expectations of Homosexual Men, Bisexual Men and a Transgender Woman, who use or want to use an oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) about PrEP modalities. Sixteen PrEP users, who are followed up in the BCN Checkpoint, were interviewed,. The interviews were audio-recorded, subjected to thematic categorical analysis within the theoretical framework from the praxiographic perspective. They are all adapted to the use of daily oral and event-based PrEP. In relation to the new PrEP modalities (monthly pill; intramuscular injection every two months; subcutaneous injection every six months), they are all very receptive to these possibilities, but they lack information on the specificities of each and specific assessment of their needs. Comments about the use of oral PrEP are positive, and expectations regarding the new PrEP modalities are visibly high. However, the most important thing for the interviewees is the guarantee that they will have follow-up appointments to continue taking care of their affective-sexual health, which is not dependent on the type of PrEP modalities. Woman preexposure pre exposure (PrEP HIV (HIV users Checkpoint interviewed interviewed, audiorecorded, audiorecorded audio recorded, recorded audio-recorded perspective eventbased event based monthly pill months months, , months) possibilities needs positive high However followup follow affectivesexual affective sexual health

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir las concepciones de los Hombres Gay, Hombres Bisexuales y una Mujer Transgénero que usan o quieren usar profilaxis previa a la exposición por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana oral (PrEP) sobre nuevas vías de administración. Fueron entrevistados 17 usuarios del BCN Checkpoint. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas en audio, sometidas a análisis categorial temático teniendo en cuenta la perspectiva praxeográfica. Todos están adaptados al uso de la PrEP diaria y a demanda. En relación con las nuevas vías de administración (PrEP inyección intramuscular cada dos meses; pastilla mensual; inyección subcutánea cada seis meses) todos son muy receptivos a esas posibilidades, pero les falta información sobre las especificidades de cada una de ellas y una evaluación específica de sus necesidades. Tanto la satisfacción con el uso de PrEP oral, como las expectativas sobre las nuevas vías de administración son positivas. Sin embargo, lo más importante para los/a entrevistados/a es la garantía de que tendrán seguimiento para continuar cuidando de la salud afectivo-sexual, lo que no depende del tipo de vía de administración. Gay 1 Checkpoint audio praxeográfica demanda meses mensual posibilidades necesidades positivas embargo losa entrevistadosa afectivosexual, afectivosexual afectivo sexual, sexual afectivo-sexual

Abstract Agroecological tools and strategies will be identified in the European project AGROSUS, to prevent and manage the occurrence of weeds in the most economically relevant crops in the eleven biogeographical regions of Europe (Continental-Mediterranean-Atlantic-Macaronesian-Pannonian-Anatolian-Black Sea-Boreal-Alpine-Septic-Arctic), while reducing the release of synthetic herbicides into the environment, increasing biodiversity and agroecosystems’ health. The designed agroecological tools and strategies will be developed in collaboration with stakeholders (farmers, advisors, small sellers, associations, policy-makers, etc.). These strategies will be implemented in the most economically relevant crops in the 11 biogeographical regions of Europe in conventional, organic and mixed farming systems. In addition, agroecological strategies will be compared with classical chemical control, assessing the health of crop plants, the quality of agricultural products, and the quality and health of the soil. Also, the environmental impact, economic and social costs and benefits of the combined agroecological strategies will be evaluated in short, medium and long-term in different trial fields.

Resumen El proyecto europeo AGROSUS identificará herramientas y estrategias agroecológicas para prevenir y manejar la aparición de malas hierbas en los cultivos económicamente más relevantes de las once regiones biogeográficas de Europa (Continental-Mediterránea-Atlántica-Macaronésica-Panónica-Anatolia-Ártica- Mar Negro-Boreal-Alpina-Estépica), al tiempo que reducirá la liberación de herbicidas sintéticos al medio ambiente, aumentando la biodiversidad y la salud de los agroecosistemas. Las herramientas y estrategias agroecológicas diseñadas se desarrollarán, para las malas hierbas más problemáticas de las diferentes regiones, en colaboración con las partes interesadas (agricultores, asesores, vendedores, asociaciones, políticos, etc.), y se implementarán en los cultivos de mayor relevancia económica en las 11 regiones biogeográficas de Europa y en sistemas de agricultura convencional, orgánica y mixta. Además, en todos los casos, se compararán las estrategias agroecológicas implementadas en los campos de estudio con el control químico clásico, mediante el uso de herbicidas, valorando la salud de las plantas de cultivo, la calidad de los productos agrícolas, y la calidad y salud del suelo. Asimismo, el impacto ambiental, los costes económicos y sociales y los beneficios de las estrategias agroecológicas combinadas para el control de malas hierbas se evaluarán a corto, medio y largo plazo en los distintos campos de ensayo.

ABSTRACT. The study analyzed the musculoskeletal behavior of five operators while performing a repetitive task at an experimental station to prevent workplace accidents and illnesses in the short, medium, and long term. It used infrared thermography to monitor temperatures, focusing on specific areas of the arm of the five workers. Workers showed greater muscle activity in the elbow, forearm, and shoulder at an average pace, with less impact on the hand and upper arm. When the pace increased, activity intensified in the hand, shoulder, and elbow, while it decreased in the forearm and upper arm. The results indicate that thermography helps identify levels of muscle activity, which could help prevent injuries. The study also showed that the operators increased their assembly production as follows: 1(+64), 2(+26), 3(+62), 4(+3), and 5(+52).

RESUMEN. El estudio analizó el comportamiento musculoesquelético de cinco operadores mientras realizaban una tarea repetitiva en una estación experimental, con el fin de prevenir accidentes y enfermedades laborales a corto, mediano y largo plazo. Se utilizó termografía infrarroja para monitorear las temperaturas y se enfocó en áreas específicas del brazo de los cinco trabajadores. A ritmo normal, se observó mayor actividad muscular en codo, antebrazo y hombro, y con menor impacto en mano y brazo. Al aumentar el ritmo, se intensificó la actividad en mano, hombro y codo, mientras que antebrazo y brazo mostraron menor actividad. Los resultados indican que la termografía es útil para identificar niveles de actividad muscular, lo que ayudaría a prevenir lesiones. Además, se observó que los operadores aumentaron su producción de ensamblaje de piezas de la siguiente manera: 1(+64), 2(+26), 3(+62), 4(+3) y 5(+52).

Resumen En esta investigación se propone una herramienta aplicable a cualquier sector productivo que busque eficientar el uso y manejo de los recursos internos en una organización. El objetivo del trabajo es minimizar los costos de transporte en el envío de agua purificada embotellada ante variaciones en los pedidos de clientes por medio del logaritmo de aproximación Vogel. El método consistió en aplicar los cinco puntos siguientes: 1) recolectar información interna y externa, 2) analizar y depurar la información, 3) simular en software, 4) interpreta los resultados y 5) proponer soluciones. Los resultados arrojados determinaron que el costo mínimo de transporte de botellas de agua para las presentaciones de 600 ml, 1000 ml y 2000 ml fueron de $150.6, $251.5 y $494 pesos mexicanos, respectivamente; además, cada producto genera una ruta óptima ideal. Se concluye que la metodología permitió generar información relevante para la toma de decisiones estratégicas en la empresa con base en las condiciones actuales.

Abstract This research proposes a tool applicable to any productive sector that seeks to streamline the use and management of internal resources in an organization. The objective of this work is to minimize transport costs in the shipment of bottled purified drinking water in the face of variations in customer orders through the Vogel approximation logarithm. The method consisted of applying the following five points: 1) to collect internal and external information, 2) to analyze and purify information, 3) to simulate in software, 4) to interpret results, and 5) to propose solutions. Results determine that the minimum transportation cost for bottled water in presentations of 600 ml, 1000 ml, and 2000 ml were $150.6, $251.5, and $494 Mexican pesos, respectively; additionally, each product generates an ideal optimal route. It is concluded that the methodology allowed to generate relevant information for strategic decision making in the company based on current conditions.

ABSTRACT Objective: After initial treatment, up to 30% of patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) have incomplete response, mainly cervical lymph node (LN) disease. Previous studies have suggested that active surveillance (AS) is a possible option for these patients. Our aim was to report the results of AS in patients with PTC and cervical LN disease. Materials and methods: In this retrospective observational study, we included adult patients treated and followed for PTC, who presented with cervical LN disease and were managed with AS. Growth was defined as an increase ≥ 3mm in either diameter. Results: We included 32 patients: 27 (84.4%) women, age of 39 ± 14 years, all initially treated with total thyroidectomy, and 22 (69%) with therapeutic neck dissection. Cervical LN disease was diagnosed 1 year (0.3-12.6) after initial management, with a diameter of 9.0 mm (6.0-19.0). After a median AS of 4.3 years (0.6-14.1), 4 (12.5%) patients had LN growth: 2 (50%) of whom were surgically removed, 1 (25%) was effectively treated with radiotherapy, and 1 (25%) had a scheduled surgery. Tg increase was the only predictive factor of LN growth evaluated as both the delta Tg (p < 0.0366) and percentage of Tg change (p < 0.0140). None of the included patients died, had local complications due to LN growth or salvage therapy, or developed distant metastases during follow-up. Conclusions: In selected patients with PTC and suspicious cervical LNs diagnosed after initial treatment, AS is a feasible and safe strategy as it allows effective identification and treatment of the minority of patients who progress. Objective 30 (PTC response (LN (AS methods study Results 3 84.4% 844 84 (84.4% women thyroidectomy 69% 69 (69% dissection 0.312.6 03126 0.3 12.6 0 12 6 (0.3-12.6 management 90 9 9. 6.019.0. 60190 6.0 19.0 . 19 (6.0-19.0) 43 4. 0.614.1, 06141 0.6 14.1 , (0.6-14.1) 12.5% 125 5 (12.5% 50% 50 (50% removed 25% 25 (25% radiotherapy surgery p 0.0366 00366 0366 0.0140. 00140 0.0140 0140 0.0140) died therapy followup. followup follow up. follow-up Conclusions progress 84.4 8 (84.4 (69 312 0.312. 0312 03 0. 126 12. (0.3-12. 019 6.019.0 6019 60 6. 190 19. (6.0-19.0 614 0.614.1 0614 06 141 14. (0.6-14.1 12.5 (12.5 (50 (25 0.036 0036 036 0014 0.014 014 84. (84. (6 31 0.312 031 (0.3-12 01 6.019. 601 (6.0-19. 61 0.614. 061 (0.6-14. (12. (5 (2 0.03 003 001 0.01 (84 ( 0.31 (0.3-1 6.019 (6.0-19 0.614 (0.6-14 (12 0.0 00 (8 (0.3- 6.01 (6.0-1 0.61 (0.6-1 (1 (0.3 (6.0- (0.6- (0. (6.0 (0.6 (0 (6.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A neuropatia periférica induzida por quimioterapia (NPIQ) é um efeito adverso comum relatado por pacientes sob terapêutica antineoplásica e pode afetar o sucesso do tratamento, os resultados e a sua qualidade de vida. A NPIQ começa com alterações sensoriais progressivas simétricas das mãos e dos pés, em distribuição em meia e luva. Atualmente, não existe tratamento ou terapêutica preventiva para a NPIQ. RELATO DOS CASOS: Este estudo representa a atividade da Unidade Multidisciplinar de Dor do Hospital Santa Maria em Lisboa entre 2018 e 2023, especificamente em pacientes oncológicos com NPIQ. No total, esta unidade observou 57 pacientes, 43,9% tinham câncer do cólon/reto, 28,1% hematológico, 21,1% de mama, 3,5% gástrico, 1,8% câncer do ovário e 1,8% pulmão. O fármaco quimioterápico mais utilizado foi a oxaliplatina (40,4%), seguida pela capecitabina (24,6%) e paclitaxel (22,8%). A combinação de fármacos quimioterápicos mais prescrita foi capecitabina com oxaliplatina (CAPOX) (22,8%). A unidade multidisciplinar, em conjunto com o departamento de oncologia, estabeleceu um novo procedimento, no qual os pacientes que recebem quimioterapia com um dos agentes conhecidos ligados à NIPQ usaram um par de luvas e meias geladas. 3 pacientes foram submetidos a este método de prevenção e nenhum dos pacientes referiu sintomas de NPIQ. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo contribuiu para alertar para esta doença importante e limitante, e reunir evidências sobre medidas preventivas que reduzem a incidência de NPIQ. OBJETIVOS (NPIQ vida pés luva Atualmente CASOS 201 2023 total 5 439 43 9 43,9 cólonreto cólon reto cólon/reto 281 28 1 28,1 hematológico 211 21 21,1 mama 35 3,5 gástrico 18 8 1,8 pulmão 40,4%, 404 40,4% , 40 4 (40,4%) 24,6% 246 24 6 (24,6% 22,8%. 228 22,8% . 22 (22,8%) CAPOX (CAPOX multidisciplinar oncologia procedimento geladas CONCLUSÃO limitante 20 202 43, 2 28, 21, 3, 1, 40,4 (40,4% 24,6 (24,6 22,8 (22,8% 40, (40,4 24, (24, 22, (22,8 (40, (24 (22, (40 (2 (22 (4 (

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common side effect reported by patients receiving cancer treatment, and it can affect treatment success, patient outcomes, and quality of life. CIPN typically begins with symmetrical progressive sensory alterations of the hands and feet in a stocking-gloving distribution. Currently, there is no standard treatment or intervention for the prevention, mitigation, or management of CIPN. CASES REPORT: This study represents the activity of the Pain Multidisciplinary Unit of Hospital Santa Maria in Lisbon from 2018 to 2023, specifically on oncologic patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. In total, this unit observed 57 patients, 43.9% had colon/rectum cancer, 28.1% hematological, 21.1% breast, 3.5% gastric, 1.8% ovarian and 1.8% lung. The most frequent chemotherapeutic agent used was oxaliplatin (40.4%), followed by capecitabine (24.6%) and paclitaxel (22.8%). The most prescribed combination of chemotherapy agents was capecitabine with oxaliplatin, according to the CAPOX protocol. The multidisciplinary unit, in conjunction with the oncology department, has set a new procedure in which patients receiving chemotherapy with one of the known agents linked with CIPN wear a pair of frozen gloves and socks. Three patients have undergone this prevention method, none of the patients has reported symptoms of CIPN. CONCLUSION: This study contributes to draw attention to this important and limiting condition, and it also contributes to gather evidence on preventive measures that reduce the incidence of CIPN. OBJECTIVES Chemotherapyinduced Chemotherapy induced (CIPN success outcomes life stockinggloving stocking gloving distribution Currently mitigation REPORT 201 2023 chemotherapyinduced total 5 439 43 9 43.9 colonrectum colon rectum 281 28 1 28.1 hematological 211 21 21.1 breast 35 3 3.5 gastric 18 8 1.8 lung 40.4%, 404 40.4% , 40 4 (40.4%) 24.6% 246 24 6 (24.6% 22.8%. 228 22.8% . 22 (22.8%) protocol department socks method CONCLUSION condition 20 202 43. 2 28. 21. 3. 1. 40.4 (40.4% 24.6 (24.6 22.8 (22.8% 40. (40.4 24. (24. 22. (22.8 (40. (24 (22. (40 (2 (22 (4 (

Resumen: A veces existen límites claros y naturales del campo de acción de una ciencia, y en otros casos son simples límites de conveniencia. La Ciencia de la Información Geográfica (CIG) es una ciencia transversal, que tiene contactos con todas las geociencias y con diversas ciencias formales como las Matemáticas, la Lógica y la Informática. Una primera aproximación razonable a los límites de una ciencia sería a través de su definición. Sin embargo, las definiciones existentes de CIG a menudo son tan amplias que han sido criticadas con razón por practicar el gerrymandering, en particular con el resto de las geociencias. Para evitar el gerrymandering se propone una definición operacional que ubica a la CIG entre las ciencias que manejan Datos y no Información. Esto resuelve el problema del gerrymandering sin implicar realmente un recorte significativo de lo que normalmente se considera dentro de CIG. Una consecuencia no prevista es que esto permitirá caracterizar a la CIG como Ciencia Formal.

Abstract: Sometimes there are clear and natural limits to the scope of action of a science, and in other cases they are simply convenient ones. Geographic Information Science (GISc) is a transversal science, with contacts with all geosciences but also with various formal sciences such as Mathematics, Logic and Computer Science. A first approach to specifying the limits of a science is through its definition. Definitions of GISc are often so expansive that they have been rightly criticized for practicing gerrymandering, in particular with the rest of the geosciences. To avoid this, an operational definition is proposed that places GISc among the sciences that handle Data and not Information. This solves the gerrymandering problem without really implying a significant cut of what is usually considered within GISc. As an unforeseen consequence, this delimitation will allow it to be characterized as Formal Science, leaving it as the only geoscience with this characteristic.

Abstract Background Our aim was to compare the efficacy of rituximab, tocilizumab, and abatacept in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) refractory to treatments with MTX or TNFi agents. Methods We searched 6 databases until January 2023 for phase 2–4 RCTs evaluating patients with RA refractory to MTX or TNFi therapy treated with rituximab, abatacept, and tocilizumab (intervention arm) compared to controls. Study data were independently assessed by two investigators. The primary outcome was considered as achieving ACR70 response. Results The meta-analysis included 19 RCTs, with 7,835 patients and a mean study duration of 1.2 years. Hazard ratios for achieving an ACR70 response at six months were not different among the bDMARDs, however, we found high heterogeneity. Three factors showing a critical imbalance among the bDMARD classes were identified: baseline HAQ score, study duration, and frequency of TNFi treatment in control arm. Multivariate meta-regression adjusted to these three factors were conducted for the relative risk (RR) for ACR70. Thus, heterogeneity was attenuated (I2 = 24%) and the explanatory power of the model increased (R2 = 85%). In this model, rituximab did not modify the chance of achieving an ACR70 response compared to abatacept (RR = 1.773, 95%CI 0.113–10.21, p = 0.765). In contrast, abatacept was associated with RR = 2.217 (95%CI 1.554–3.161, p < 0.001) for ACR70 compared to tocilizumab. Conclusion We found high heterogeneity among studies comparing rituximab, abatacept, and tocilizumab. On multivariate metaregressions, if the conditions of the RCTs were similar, we estimate that abatacept could increase the chance of reaching an ACR70 response by 2.2-fold compared to tocilizumab. Key messages Abatacept could increase the chance of reaching an ACR70 response by 2.2-fold compared to tocilizumab. (RA agents 202 24 2 4 2– intervention arm controls investigators ACR ACR7 metaanalysis meta analysis 1 7835 7 835 7,83 12 1. years bDMARDs however identified score metaregression regression Thus I2 I (I 24% R2 R (R 85%. 85 85% . 85%) 1773 773 1.773 95CI CI 95 01131021 0 113 10 21 0.113–10.21 0.765. 0765 0.765 765 0.765) contrast 2217 217 2.21 15543161 554 3 161 1.554–3.161 0.001 0001 001 metaregressions similar 2.2fold 22fold fold 2.2 20 783 83 7,8 8 177 77 1.77 9 0113102 11 0.113–10.2 076 0.76 76 221 1554316 55 16 1.554–3.16 0.00 000 00 2fold 22 2. 78 7, 17 1.7 011310 0.113–10. 07 0.7 155431 5 1.554–3.1 0.0 01131 0.113–10 0. 15543 1.554–3. 0113 0.113–1 1554 1.554–3 011 0.113– 155 1.554– 01 0.113 15 1.554 0.11 1.55 0.1 1.5

RESUMO Objetivo: A injeção peribulbar de triancinolona é um tratamento alternativo para doenças oculares da tireoide; no entanto, a segurança desse procedimento continua controversa. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever os efeitos adversos locais e sistêmicos de injeções peribulbares de triancinolona em pacientes com doença ocular da tireoide. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de uma série de casos. Foram analisados os prontuários médicos dos pacientes com doença ocular da tireoide tratados com injeções de triancinolona peribulbar em uma única instituição acadêmica entre 2007 e 2019. Foram documentadas as complicações locais e sistêmicas. Resultados: Um total de 123 pacientes foram tratados. Apenas 11 (8,9%) pacientes apresentaram complicações locais, sendo a mais frequente a presença de equimoses palpebrais superficiais (7,3%), enquanto 2 (1,6%) pacientes apresentaram complicações sistêmicas (hiperglicemia e inibição da suprarrenal após a interrupção do tratamento). Todas estas complicações foram transitórias e nenhum paciente apresentou sequelas de longo prazo. Conclusões: As injeções peribulbares de triancinolona nas doenças oculares da tireoide têm uma taxa muito baixa de complicações, tanto locais quanto sistêmicas. São necessários estudos prospectivos para aprofundar este tópico. Objetivo entanto controversa Métodos casos 200 2019 Resultados 12 1 8,9% 89 8 9 (8,9% 7,3%, 73 7,3% , 7 3 (7,3%) 1,6% 16 6 (1,6% hiperglicemia tratamento. . tratamento) prazo Conclusões tópico 20 201 8,9 (8,9 7,3 (7,3% 1,6 (1,6 8, (8, 7, (7,3 1, (1, (8 (7, (1 ( (7

ABSTRACT Purpose: Peribulbar injection of triamcinolone is an alternative treatment for thyroid eye disease; however the safety profile of this therapeutic option remains controversial. The aim of this study was to describe the occurrence of local and systemic adverse effects after peribulbar injection of triamcinolone in patients with thyroid eye disease. Methods: This was a retrospective case series. Medical records of patients with thyroid eye disease treated with peribulbar injections of triamcinolone at a single academic institution between 2007 and 2019 were analyzed. Local and systemic complications were documented. Results: A total of 123 patients were treated. Only 11 patients (8.9%) developed local complications. The most frequent complication was the presence of superficial eyelid ecchymosis (nine patients; 7.3%). Notably, systemic complications (hyperglycemic and suprarenal inhibition after stop treatment) occurred in two patients (1.6%). All complications were transient, and the patients did not have any long-term sequelae. Conclusions: Peribulbar injection of triamcinolone for the treatment of thyroid eye disease is linked to a very low rate of local or systemic complications. Prospective studies are warranted to delve into this topic. Purpose controversial Methods series 200 201 analyzed documented Results 12 1 8.9% 89 8 9 (8.9% nine 7.3%. 73 7.3% . 7 3 7.3%) Notably hyperglycemic 1.6%. 16 1.6% 6 (1.6%) transient longterm long term sequelae Conclusions topic 20 8.9 (8.9 7.3 1.6 (1.6% 2 8. (8. 7. 1. (1.6 (8 (1. ( (1

Resumo Antecedentes: Lesão renal aguda (LRA) é uma complicação frequente da doença do coronavírus-19 (COVID-19). Desta forma, decidimos realizar uma revisão sistemática e uma metanálise com dados da literatura para relacionar o desenvolvimento de LRA associada à COVID-19 com comorbidades, medicamentos e o impacto da ventilação mecânica. Métodos: Realizamos uma revisão sistemática usando a escala de Newcastle-Ottawa e uma metanálise utilizando o programa R. Estudos relevantes foram pesquisados nos bancos de dados eletrônicos PubMed, Medline e SciELO. Foram utilizados filtros de pesquisa para incluir relatos após 2020 e estudos de coorte. Resultados: No total, foram identificados 1166 artigos, e foram incluídos 55 artigos escritos em língua inglesa com base no risco de viés. De todos os pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 apresentando LRA (n = 18029) classificados como Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes estágios 1 a 3, aproximadamente 18% necessitaram de ventilação mecânica e 39,2% foram a óbito. Cerca de 11,3% dos pacientes necessitaram de terapia renal substitutiva (TRS) e destes, 1093 foram a óbito e 321 necessitaram de TRS contínua. O óbito é mais frequente em indivíduos com LRA [OR 6,03; IC95%: 5,73-6,74; p<0,01]. Por fim, a ventilação mecânica é um fator agravante nas condições clínicas estudadas [OR 11,01; IC95%: 10,29-11,77; p<0,01]. Conclusão: A literatura atual indica a LRA como uma complicação importante na COVID-19. Neste contexto, observamos que comorbidades, como doença renal crônica e insuficiência cardíaca, estiveram mais relacionadas ao desenvolvimento de LRA. Além disso, a ventilação mecânica foi vista como um fator agravante neste cenário. Antecedentes (LRA coronavírus19 coronavírus 19 coronavírus-1 COVID19. COVID19 COVID . (COVID-19) forma COVID-1 comorbidades Métodos NewcastleOttawa Newcastle Ottawa R PubMed SciELO 202 coorte Resultados total 116 5 viés n 18029 3 18 392 39 2 39,2 113 11 11,3 (TRS destes 109 32 contínua OR 6,03 603 6 03 IC95% IC95 IC 5,736,74 573674 5,73 6,74 73 74 5,73-6,74 p<0,01. p001 p p<0,01 0 01 p<0,01] fim 11,01 1101 10,2911,77 10291177 10,29 11,77 10 29 77 10,29-11,77 Conclusão 19. contexto cardíaca disso cenário coronavírus1 coronavírus- COVID1 (COVID-19 COVID- 20 1802 39, 11, 6,0 60 IC9 736 5,736,7 57367 573 5,7 674 6,7 7 5,73-6,7 p00 p<0,0 11,0 110 2911 10,2911,7 1029117 1029 10,2 1177 11,7 10,29-11,7 (COVID-1 180 6, 5,736, 5736 57 5, 67 5,73-6, p0 p<0, 291 10,2911, 102911 102 10, 117 10,29-11, (COVID- 5,736 5,73-6 p<0 10,2911 10291 10,29-11 (COVID 5,73- p< 10,291 10,29-1 10,29-

Abstract Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19). Therefore, we decided to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis with data from the literature to relate the development of COVID-19 associated-AKI with comorbidities, medications, and the impact of mechanical ventilation. Methods: We performed a systematic review using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and a meta-analysis using the R program. Relevant studies were searched in the PubMed, Medline, and SciELO electronic databases. Search filters were used to include reports after 2020 and cohort studies. Results: In total, 1166 articles were identified and 55 English-written articles were included based on the risk of bias. Of all COVID-19-hospitalized patients presenting with AKI (n = 18029) classified as Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes stage 1 to 3, approximately 18% required mechanical ventilation and 39.2 % died. Around 11.3% of the patients required kidney replacement therapy (KRT) and of these, 1093 died and 321 required continuous KRT. Death is more frequent in individuals with AKI [OR 6.03, 95%CI: 5.73-6.74; p<0.01]. Finally, mechanical ventilation is an aggravating factor in the clinical conditions studied [OR 11.01, 95%CI: 10.29-11.77; p<0.01]. Conclusion: Current literature indicates AKI as an important complication in COVID-19. In this context, we observed that comorbidities, such as chronic kidney disease and heart failure, were more related to the development of AKI. In addition, mechanical ventilation was seen as an aggravating factor in this scenario. Background (AKI coronavirus19 coronavirus 19 coronavirus-1 COVID19. COVID19 COVID . (COVID-19) Therefore metaanalysis meta analysis COVID-1 associatedAKI associated comorbidities medications Methods NewcastleOttawa Newcastle Ottawa program PubMed Medline databases 202 Results total 116 5 Englishwritten English written bias COVID19hospitalized COVIDhospitalized hospitalized n 18029 3 18 392 39 2 39. 113 11 11.3 KRT (KRT these 109 32 OR 603 6 03 6.03 95%CI 95CI CI 95 5.736.74 573674 5.73 6.74 73 74 5.73-6.74 p<0.01. p001 p p<0.01 0 01 p<0.01] Finally 1101 11.01 10.2911.77 10291177 10.29 11.77 10 29 77 10.29-11.77 Conclusion 19. context failure addition scenario coronavirus1 coronavirus- COVID1 (COVID-19 COVID- 20 1802 11. 60 6.0 9 736 5.736.7 57367 573 5.7 674 6.7 7 5.73-6.7 p00 p<0.0 110 11.0 2911 10.2911.7 1029117 1029 10.2 1177 11.7 10.29-11.7 (COVID-1 180 6. 5.736. 5736 57 5. 67 5.73-6. p0 p<0. 291 10.2911. 102911 102 10. 117 10.29-11. (COVID- 5.736 5.73-6 p<0 10.2911 10291 10.29-11 (COVID 5.73- p< 10.291 10.29-1 10.29-

RESUMEN La COVID-19 es una enfermedad infecciosa ocasionada por el virus SARS-CoV-2. La propagación de este virus se produce principalmente a través de gotitas liberadas por la nariz o la boca de una persona infectada. Aunque se han desarrollado vacunas que permiten reducir efectivamente los efectos que esta infección viral provoca, el método más eficaz para contener la propagación del virus son las numerosas pruebas para detectar y aislar los posibles portadores. Sin embargo, el tiempo de respuesta, combinado con el costo de las pruebas reales, hace que esta opción sea poco práctica. Aquí, comparamos algunas metodologías de machine learning para proponer una estrategia confiable para detectar personas positivas a COVID-19 analizando espectros de saliva obtenidos por espectroscopia infrarroja transformada de Fourier (FTIR). Tras analizar 1275 espectros, con 7 estrategias comúnmente empleadas en el área de machine learning, concluimos que un modelo de regresión lineal multivariante (MLMR) resulta ser la mejor opción para identificar posibles infectados. De acuerdo con nuestros resultados, el desplazamiento observado en la región de la amida I del espectro, resulta fundamental y confiable para establecer una frontera a partir del cambio de pendiente que este provoca. Al ser más ágil y económica que la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcriptasa inversa (RT-PCR), podría aplicarse confiablemente como estrategia preliminar a RT-PCR.

ABSTRACT COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This virus's spread is mainly through droplets released from the nose or mouth of an infected person. Although vaccines have been developed that effectively reduce the effects that this viral infection causes, the most effective method to contain the virus’s spread is numerous tests to detect and isolate possible carriers. However, the response time, combined with the cost of actual tests, makes this option impractical. Herein, we compare some machine learning methodologies to propose a reliable strategy to detect people positive to COVID-19, analyzing saliva spectra obtained by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. After analyzing 1275 spectra, with 7 strategies commonly used in machine learning, we concluded that a multivariate linear regression model (MLMR) turns out to be the best option to identify possible infected persons. According to our results, the displacement observed in the region of the amide I of the spectrum, is fundamental and reliable to establish a border from the change in slope that causes this displacement that allows us to characterize the carriers of the virus. Being more agile and cheaper than reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), it could be reliably applied as a preliminary strategy to RT-PCR.

RESUMEN Este proyecto evalúa el riesgo de falla del suministro de agua para el sector agrícola en condiciones de cambio climático mediante la implementación de modelos hidrológicos que apoyan la toma de decisiones para satisfacer las demandas de consumo en tiempos de escasez. Este proyecto se desarrolló a través de una metodología que utiliza herramientas de modelado hidrológico como el software HydroBID y los modelos de gestión de recursos hídricos SIMGES y SIMRISK de AQUATOOL DSS. Las series de caudales para un escenario futuro se obtuvieron para diferentes escenarios de cambio climático a partir de un Modelo Climático Global (GCM) y el Experimento Regional Coordinado de Reducción del Clima (CORDEX) reduciendo la escala de los resultados de la escala global a la escala de cuenca utilizando un método estadístico basado en la teoría del caos. Estas proyecciones muestran que, en condiciones de cambio climático, el sector agrícola de la cuenca del Balsillas no sufrirá impactos significativos ya que podrá satisfacer la mayoría de los puntos de demanda.

ABSTRACT This project assesses the risk of water supply failure for the agricultural sector under climate change conditions by implementing hydrological models that support decision-making for satisfying consumptive demands in times of scarcity. This project was developed using hydrological modeling tools such as the HydroBID software and the SIMGES and SIMRISK water resource management models of AQUATOOL DSS. The flow series for a future scenario were obtained for different climate change scenarios from a Global Climate Model (GCM) and the Coordinated Regional Experiment on Climate Reduction (CORDEX) by downscaling the results from the global scale to basin-scale using a statistical method based on chaos theory. These projections show that under conditions of climate change, the agricultural sector of the Balsillas basin will not suffer significant impacts since they will be able to satisfy most demand points.

Abstract The association between some bacterial infections and colon cancer is well documented. The most described is Streptococcus bovis infection. Another bacteria related to intestinal neoplasms is Clostridium septicum. We present the case of a 62-year-old man who consulted for abdominal pain associated with diarrhea and fever. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis was performed, which revealed thickening of the cecum walls with an apparent break in continuity at its free edge. An exploratory laparotomy was performed which confirmed the presence of peritonitis and cecal perforation. A right hemicolectomy and terminal ileostomy were performed. The histopathological study revealed the presence of signet ring cell type adenocarcinoma associated with ischemia. The blood cultures results demonstrated the presence of C. septicum. The patient died due to fulminant sepsis.

Resumen La asociación entre algunas infecciones bacterianas y cáncer de colon está bien documentada. La más descrita es la infección por Streptococcus bovis. Otra bacteria relacionada a neoplasias intestinales es Clostridium septicum. Presentamos el caso clínico de un varón de 62 años que consultó por dolor abdominal, diarrea y fiebre. Se realizó una tomografía computada de abdomen y pelvis que evidenció un engrosamiento de las paredes del ciego con una aparente solución de continuidad en su borde libre. En una laparotomía exploradora se confirmó la presencia de peritonitis y perforación cecal, siendo sometido a una hemicolectomía derecha e ileostomía terminal. El estudio histopatológico reveló la presencia de un adenocarcinoma de tipo células en anillo de sello asociado a isquemia. Los hemocultivos fueron positivos a C. septicum. El paciente falleció por una sepsis fulminante.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Incidence is critical to assess the burden of tuberculosis. Objective: Assess the impact of the "National Program of Tuberculosis Control " on the incidence of tuberculosis in Cuba in the period 1994-2015. Methods: Study of time series of tuberculosis incidence in the period 1994-2015. The exponential trend and variations in the trends of new cases reported in Cuba and its provinces were estimated; also the annual totals and averages for the periods 1994-1999, 1999-2015 and 1994-2015. The absolute and relative differences between the Cuban provinces from 1994-2015 were calculated. Results: The overall trend of the rate was downward. The period from 1994-1999 had a reduction of -0.33x100 000 (-505 cases) and between 1999 and 2015 it was -0.42 (-448 cases). The average annual reduction between 1994-1999 was -0.07 and from 1999-2015 it was -0.03. In 1994, 1999 and 2015, 1616 cases (14.7), 1111 (10.0) and 651 (5.8) were reported, respectively. In 1994 the highest rate corresponded to the province of Cienfuegos (23.1) with a percentage population attributable risk of 65.8%. In 1999 and 2015, the highest rates occurred in Ciego de Ávila (18.3) and (9.5), respectively (percentage population attributable risk of 60.7% in 1999 and 75.8% in 2015). In 1994 and 1999 all provinces had rates > 5.0. In 2015, eight provinces showed rates < 5.0. In 1999 the province with the greatest variation in its annual rate was Cienfuegos (-0.65) and in 2015 Camagüey (-0.73). Conclusions: The "National Program of Tuberculosis Control " in Cuba obtained until 2015 a discreet sustained decrease in the incidence of the disease in the country; but it is not enough to achieve its elimination, so new differentiated and prioritized interventions are required.

RESUMEN Introducción: La incidencia es fundamental para evaluar la carga de tuberculosis. Objetivo: Valorar el impacto del “Programa Nacional de Control de la Tuberculosis” en la incidencia de la tuberculosis en Cuba en el periodo 1994-2015. Métodos: Estudio de series temporales de la incidencia de tuberculosis en el periodo 1994-2015. Se estimó la tendencia exponencial y las variaciones de las tendencias de casos nuevos notificados en Cuba y sus provincias; los totales y medias anuales de los periodos 1994-1999, 1999-2015 y 1994-2015. Se calcularon las diferencias absolutas y relativas entre las provincias cubanas desde 1994-2015. Resultados: La tendencia general de la tasa fue descendente. El periodo de 1994-1999 visualizó una reducción de -0,33x100 000(-505 casos) y entre 1999 y 2015 fue de -0,42(-448 casos). La reducción media anual entre 1994-1999 fue de -0,07 y de 1999-2015 fue de -0,03. En 1994, 1999 y 2015 se notificaron 1616 casos (14,7), 1111(10,0) y 651(5,8), respectivamente. En 1994 la mayor tasa correspondió a la provincia de Cienfuegos (23,1) con riesgo atribuible poblacional porcentual del 65,8 %. En 1999 y 2015 las mayores tasas se presentaron en Ciego de Ávila (18,3) y (9,5), respectivamente (riesgo atribuible poblacional porcentual del 60,7 % en 1999 y del 75,8 % en 2015). En 1994 y 1999 todas las provincias tuvieron tasas > 5,0. En 2015, ocho provincias mostraron tasas < 5,0. En 1999 la provincia con mayor variación de su tasa anual fue Cienfuegos (-0,65) y en 2015 Camagüey (-0,73). Conclusiones: El “Programa Nacional de Control de la Tuberculosis” en Cuba obtuvo hasta el 2015 una discreta disminución sostenida de la incidencia de la enfermedad en el país; pero no es suficiente para lograr su eliminación, por lo que se requieren nuevas intervenciones diferenciadas y priorizadas.