RESUMO: O tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) é uma fruta rica em nutrientes e com alto teor de ácido glutâmico, tornando-o uma fonte adequada para a produção de ácido γ-aminobutírico (GABA) através da ação de bactérias ácido lácticas (BAL). As BAL desempenham um papel fundamental na fermentação láctica, melhorando o sabor e o valor nutricional dos produtos alimentares, contribuindo frequentemente para os seus benefícios para a saúde. Este estudo teve como objetivo isolar BAL produtoras de GABA de tomates e avaliar seu potencial para a produção de suco de tomate fermentado enriquecido com GABA. Os resultados indicam o isolamento de 15 cepas de BAL a partir de amostras de cinco tomates diferentes. Todas essas cepas demonstraram capacidade de produzir GABA, com níveis variando de 1,732 a 3,113 mg/mL, conforme determinado por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD). Através de sequenciamento, a cepa promissora TO42, identificada como Weissella cibaria, foi selecionada para fermentação de suco de tomate. Além disso, o suco de tomate enriquecido com GABA foi fermentado com sucesso a 15 °Brix por 72 h, resultando no maior teor registrado de GABA e ácido láctico de 9.185 ± 0.398 mg/mL e 13.05 ± 1.56 g/L, respectivamente. RESUMO Solanum L. L glutâmico tornandoo tornando γaminobutírico γ aminobutírico (GABA BAL. . (BAL) láctica alimentares saúde 1 diferentes 1732 732 1,73 3113 3 113 3,11 mgmL mg mL CCD. CCD (CCD) sequenciamento TO42 TO cibaria disso Brix 7 h 9185 9 185 9.18 0398 0 398 0.39 1305 13 05 13.0 156 56 1.5 gL g g/L respectivamente (BAL 173 73 1,7 311 11 3,1 (CCD TO4 918 18 9.1 039 39 0.3 130 13. 5 1. 17 1, 31 3, 91 9. 03 0.

ABSTRACT: Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are nutrient-rich fruits with a high glutamic acid content, making them a suitable source for producing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) through the action of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). LAB plays a pivotal role in lactic fermentation, enhancing the taste and nutritional value of food products, often contributing to their health benefits. This study isolated GABA-producing LAB from tomatoes and assessed their potential for producing GABA-enriched fermented tomato juice. The results indicated the isolation of 15 LAB strains from the samples of five different tomatoes. All of these strains demonstrated the capability to produce GABA, with levels ranging from 1.732 to 3.113 mg/mL, as determined using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Through sequencing, the promising strain TO42, identified as Weissella cibaria, was selected for tomato juice fermentation. Furthermore, GABA-enriched tomato juice was successfully fermented at 15 °Brix for 72 h, resulting in the highest recorded GABA and lactic acid content of 9.185 ± 0.398 mg/mL and 13.05 ± 1.56 g/L, respectively. ABSTRACT Solanum L. L nutrientrich nutrient rich γaminobutyric γ aminobutyric (GABA LAB. . (LAB) fermentation products benefits GABAproducing GABAenriched enriched 1 1732 732 1.73 3113 3 113 3.11 mgmL mg mL thinlayer thin layer TLC. TLC (TLC) sequencing TO42 TO cibaria Furthermore Brix 7 h 9185 9 185 9.18 0398 0 398 0.39 1305 13 05 13.0 156 56 1.5 gL g g/L respectively (LAB 173 73 1.7 311 11 3.1 (TLC TO4 918 18 9.1 039 39 0.3 130 13. 5 1. 17 31 3. 91 9. 03 0.

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar as condições de extração, composição química e atividades antimicrobianas dos óleos essenciais de Citrus nobilis. Os resultados demonstram que a imersão na solução de NaCl a 9% (p/v) por 2 h com uma proporção de amostra e solvente de 1:3 (p/v) e um tempo de extração subsequente de 45 min produziu a maior eficiência de extração, atingindo 3,66 % (p/p). Os principais componentes químicos dos óleos essenciais foram limoneno (90,42%), β-mirceno (4,7%) e α-pineno (1,22%). A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) na densidade de 5x104, 5x105 e 5x106 células/mL de Escherichia coli foram 100, 125 e 125 mg/mL, respectivamente, e para Staphylococcus aureus foram 75, 100 e 125 mg/mL, respectivamente, e para Bacillus cereus foram 50, 75 e 100 mg/mL, respectivamente. A concentração bactericida mínima (MBC) em densidades de 5x104, 5x105, 5x106 células/mL de E. coli foram 175, 225, 225 mg/mL, S. aureus foram 150, 200, 225 mg/mL e B. cereus foram 125, 175, 200 mg/mL, respectivamente. As atividades inibitórias de Aspergillus flavus dos óleos essenciais de laranja, de acordo com o método de diluição em ágar nas concentrações 0,025-0,1%, no dia cinco foram 8,84-30,61%. RESUMO nobilis 9 p/v pv p v (p/v 13 1 3 1: 4 366 66 3,6 p/p. pp p/p . (p/p) 90,42%, 9042 90,42% , 90 42 (90,42%) βmirceno β mirceno 4,7% 47 7 (4,7% αpineno α pineno 1,22%. 122 1,22% 22 (1,22%) CIM (CIM 5x104 x 5x10 célulasmL células mL 12 mgmL mg respectivamente 10 50 MBC (MBC E 175 S 150 B 20 laranja 0,0250,1%, 002501 0,025 0,1%, 0 025 0,025-0,1% 8,8430,61%. 8843061 8,84 30,61%. 8 84 30 61 8,84-30,61% 36 6 3, (p/p 904 90,42 (90,42% 4,7 (4,7 1,22 (1,22% 5x1 5 17 15 0250 0,0250,1% 00250 0025 0,02 01 0,1% 02 0,025-0,1 8430 8,8430,61% 884306 884 8,8 3061 30,61% 8,84-30,61 90,4 (90,42 4, (4, 1,2 (1,22 5x 0,0250,1 002 0,0 0,1 0,025-0, 843 8,8430,61 88430 88 8, 306 30,61 8,84-30,6 90, (90,4 (4 1, (1,2 0,0250, 00 0, 0,025-0 8,8430,6 8843 30,6 8,84-30, (90, ( (1, 0,0250 0,025- 8,8430, 30, 8,84-30 (90 (1 8,8430 8,84-3 (9 8,843 8,84-

ABSTRACT: This study determined the extraction conditions, chemical composition, and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of Citrus nobilis. The results illustrated that soaking in the 9% (w/v) NaCl solution for 2 h with a sample and solvent ratio of 1:3 (w/v) and a subsequent extraction time of 45 min yielded the highest extraction efficiency, reaching 3.66% (w/w). The main chemical components of the essential oils were limonene (90.42%), β-myrcene (4.7%), and α-pinene (1.22%). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at the density of 5x104, 5x105, and 5x106 cells/mL of Escherichia coli were 100, 125, and 125 mg/mL, respectively; for Staphylococcus aureus were 75, 100, and 125 mg/mL, respectively; and for Bacillus cereus were 50, 75, and 100 mg/mL, respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) at densities of 5x104, 5x105, 5x106 cells/mL of E. coli were 175, 225, 225 mg/mL, S. aureus were 150, 200, 225 mg/mL, and B. cereus were 125, 175, 200 mg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory activities of Aspergillus flavus of orange essential oils according to the agar dilution method at concentrations of 0.025-0.1%) on the 5th day were 8.84-30.61%. ABSTRACT conditions composition nobilis 9 w/v wv w v (w/v 13 1 3 1: 4 efficiency 366 66 3.66 w/w. ww w/w . (w/w) 90.42%, 9042 90.42% , 90 42 (90.42%) βmyrcene β myrcene 4.7%, 47 4.7% 7 (4.7%) αpinene α pinene 1.22%. 122 1.22% 22 (1.22%) MIC (MIC 5x104 x 5x105 5x10 cellsmL cells mL 12 mgmL mg mg/mL respectively 75 50 10 MBC (MBC E 175 S 150 B 20 0.0250.1% 002501 0.025 0.1% 0 025 0.025-0.1% th 8.8430.61%. 8843061 8.84 30.61%. 8 84 30 61 8.84-30.61% 36 6 3.6 (w/w 904 90.42 (90.42% 4.7 (4.7% 1.22 (1.22% 5x1 5 17 15 0250 0.0250.1 00250 0025 0.02 01 0.1 02 0.025-0.1 8430 8.8430.61% 884306 884 8.8 3061 30.61% 8.84-30.61 3. 90.4 (90.42 4. (4.7 1.2 (1.22 5x 0.0250. 002 0.0 0. 0.025-0. 843 8.8430.61 88430 88 8. 306 30.61 8.84-30.6 90. (90.4 (4. 1. (1.2 0.0250 00 0.025-0 8.8430.6 8843 30.6 8.84-30. (90. (4 (1. 0.025- 8.8430. 30. 8.84-30 (90 ( (1 8.8430 8.84-3 (9 8.843 8.84-

Abstract In this paper, a novel, compact, and high-performance dual-band filtering power divider is presented. The proposed circuit is constructed from a dual-band power divider and open-circuited stepped-impedance resonators. The dual-band power divider is realized by using two-section impedance transformers. To achieve the filtering function, three open-circuited stepped-impedance resonators are attached to three ports of the dual-band power divider to create a transmission zero between two operating bands. The proposed dual-band filtering power divider has a compact size, ease of fabrication, and high performance in terms of low insertion loss, high isolation, and good return losses. In order to validate the design concept, a dual-band filtering power divider operating at 1 GHz and 2.3 GHz with the size of 0.26 λg×0.23λg is designed, fabricated, and measured. The experiment results show that the dual-band filtering power divider has better than 37.1 dB isolation, 23.3 dB return loss, and 3.49 dB insertion loss at two central frequencies. The measured fractional bandwidths (|S11| < -14 dB) are 30.7% for the first passband and 13.8% for the second. paper novel highperformance dualband dual band presented opencircuited open circuited steppedimpedance stepped twosection section transformers function bands fabrication isolation losses concept 23 2 3 2. 026 0 26 0.2 λg023λg λgλg λg 23λg designed fabricated 371 37 37. 233 23. 349 49 3.4 frequencies |S11| S11 S (|S11 14 -1 307 30 7 30.7 138 13 8 13.8 second 02 0. 34 4 3. |S11 S1 (|S1 - 30. 13. |S1 (|S |S

Abstract The intention-behavior gap exposes the pressing demand for more studies to investigate consumers’ behavior toward organic fisheries foods in developing contexts owing to the growing demand for these foods. Additionally, while most research exploits heavily the beneficial effects of organic foods, very few probe the potential risk counterpart. The present study, thus, aims to contribute to the existing gap by examining how risk plays out in the provided context. Besides core factors borrowed from the seminal Theory of Planned Behavior, consumers’ intention and stated behavior can be explained through the influence of perceived risk, past behavior, and their habits. The Structural Equation Modeling method was utilized to analyze the data of 202 participants from Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Findings revealed that, for consumers with prior organic shopping experience and repetitive buying habits, perceived risk is less likely to render an impact on their intentions to buy. In the absence of habits and past experience, consumers’ attitudes and intentions are barricaded by the potential risks perceived. Further details and multiple implications were also discussed.

Este artigo oferece uma perspectiva crítica da pesquisa em ciências sociais apresentada na Confe-rência Internacional de AIDS de Melbourne, Aus-trália, em 2014. Em tempos de grandes avanços no campo biomédico, a natureza política do HIV permanece de importância fundamental. Nenhuma inovação será bem-sucedida na prática se desconsiderar o contexto sociopolítico e suas consequências. Quatro temas emergiram da Conferência nos campos do direito, dos direitos humanos e da pesquisa social e política: (1) a importância do trabalho com grupos socialmente vulneráveis, crescentemente chamado de "populações chaves"; (2) o reconhecimento de que ações e programas devem ser sob medida para cada local e contexto; (3) a urgência da resposta a uma epidemia crescendo muito rapidamente entre adolescentes; (4) o efeito negativo da crescente criminalização de minorias sexuais e pessoas vivendo com HIV. Globalmente, a falta de ênfase nos direitos humanos e da participação comunitária tem como resultado políticas públicas de pior qualidade. Precisamos de uma nova agenda de pesquisa para responder a esses desafios.

This paper offers a critical overview of social science research presented at the 2014 International AIDS Conference in Melbourne, Australia. In an era of major biomedical advance, the political nature of HIV remains of fundamental importance. No new development can be rolled out successfully without taking into account its social and political context, and consequences. Four main themes ran throughout the conference track on social and political research, law, policy and human rights: first, the importance of work with socially vulnerable groups, now increasingly referred to as "key populations"; second, continued recognition that actions and programs need to be tailored locally and contextually; third, the need for an urgent response to a rapidly growing epidemic of HIV among young people; and fourth, the negative effects of the growing criminalization of minority sexualities and people living with HIV. Lack of stress on human rights and community participation is resulting in poorer policy globally. A new research agenda is needed to respond to these challenges.

El artículo ofrece una perspectiva crítica de la investigación en ciencias sociales, presentada en la Conferencia Internacional de SIDA en Melbourne (Australia), 2014. En tiempos de enormes avances biomédicos, la naturaleza política del VIH sigue siendo muy importante. Ninguna innovación será exitosa sin considerar el contexto sociopolítico y sus consecuencias. Cuatro temas surgieron de la conferencia en el campo legal y derechos humanos, además de investigación social y política: (1) la importancia del trabajo con grupos socialmente vulnerables, crecientemente denominados "poblaciones claves"; (2) el reconocimiento de que las acciones y programas deben ser adaptados a un contexto local; (3) la urgencia de una respuesta a una epidemia con crecimiento rápido entre adolescentes; (4) el efecto negativo de la creciente criminalización de las minorías sexuales y personas viviendo con VIH. Globalmente, un limitado énfasis en los derechos humanos y la participación comunitaria tiene como consecuencia peores políticas públicas. Necesitamos una nueva agenda de investigación para responder a estos desafíos.

Este artigo oferece uma perspectiva crítica da pesquisa em ciências sociais apresentada na Confe-rência Internacional de AIDS de Melbourne, Aus-trália, em 2014. Em tempos de grandes avanços no campo biomédico, a natureza política do HIV permanece de importância fundamental. Nenhuma inovação será bem-sucedida na prática se desconsiderar o contexto sociopolítico e suas consequências. Quatro temas emergiram da Conferência nos campos do direito, dos direitos humanos e da pesquisa social e política: (1) a importância do trabalho com grupos socialmente vulneráveis, crescentemente chamado de "populações chaves"; (2) o reconhecimento de que ações e programas devem ser sob medida para cada local e contexto; (3) a urgência da resposta a uma epidemia crescendo muito rapidamente entre adolescentes; (4) o efeito negativo da crescente criminalização de minorias sexuais e pessoas vivendo com HIV. Globalmente, a falta de ênfase nos direitos humanos e da participação comunitária tem como resultado políticas públicas de pior qualidade. Precisamos de uma nova agenda de pesquisa para responder a esses desafios.

This paper offers a critical overview of social science research presented at the 2014 International AIDS Conference in Melbourne, Australia. In an era of major biomedical advance, the political nature of HIV remains of fundamental importance. No new development can be rolled out successfully without taking into account its social and political context, and consequences. Four main themes ran throughout the conference track on social and political research, law, policy and human rights: first, the importance of work with socially vulnerable groups, now increasingly referred to as "key populations"; second, continued recognition that actions and programs need to be tailored locally and contextually; third, the need for an urgent response to a rapidly growing epidemic of HIV among young people; and fourth, the negative effects of the growing criminalization of minority sexualities and people living with HIV. Lack of stress on human rights and community participation is resulting in poorer policy globally. A new research agenda is needed to respond to these challenges.

El artículo ofrece una perspectiva crítica de la investigación en ciencias sociales, presentada en la Conferencia Internacional de SIDA en Melbourne (Australia), 2014. En tiempos de enormes avances biomédicos, la naturaleza política del VIH sigue siendo muy importante. Ninguna innovación será exitosa sin considerar el contexto sociopolítico y sus consecuencias. Cuatro temas surgieron de la conferencia en el campo legal y derechos humanos, además de investigación social y política: (1) la importancia del trabajo con grupos socialmente vulnerables, crecientemente denominados "poblaciones claves"; (2) el reconocimiento de que las acciones y programas deben ser adaptados a un contexto local; (3) la urgencia de una respuesta a una epidemia con crecimiento rápido entre adolescentes; (4) el efecto negativo de la creciente criminalización de las minorías sexuales y personas viviendo con VIH. Globalmente, un limitado énfasis en los derechos humanos y la participación comunitaria tiene como consecuencia peores políticas públicas. Necesitamos una nueva agenda de investigación para responder a estos desafíos.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate and analyse the costs for providing the expanded programme on immunization (EPI) in a rural community in the north of Viet Nam in 2005. METHODS: An ingredient approach was used to collect cost data from the perspective of the service providers. FINDINGS: The total annual cost of EPI in Bavi district was US$ 58 460 [purchasing power parity (PPP) 282 076]. Vaccines and supplies were the largest cost category (33%), followed by personnel costs (30.2%). The largest share of the total cost was due to activities at commune level (38%). The average cost per fully vaccinated child (FVC) was US$ 4.81 (PPP 23.21), much lower than the figure of US$ 15 that is generally accepted as the cost-effective threshold for EPI in developing countries. CONCLUSION: This empirical study indicates that EPI has been implemented efficiently in rural Viet Nam, but that opportunities exist to make it even more efficient.

OBJETIVO: Estimar y analizar los costos asociados a la aplicación del programa ampliado de inmunización (PAI) en una comunidad rural del norte de Viet Nam en 2005. MÉTODOS: Se utilizó un sistema de componentes para reunir datos sobre los costos desde la perspectiva de los proveedores de servicios. RESULTADOS: El costo anual total del PAI en el distrito de Bavi fue de US$ 58 460 [en paridad del poder adquisitivo (PPP): 282 076]. Las vacunas y los suministros fueron la principal categoría de costos (33%), seguidos de los gastos de personal (30,2%). El mayor porcentaje del costo total correspondió a las actividades realizadas a nivel comunal (38%). El costo promedio por niño totalmente vacunado fue de US$ 4,81 (PPP 23,21), muy inferior a la cifra de US$ 15 aceptada en general como umbral de costoeficacia para el PAI en los países en desarrollo. CONCLUSIÓN: Este estudio empírico muestra que el PAI se ha aplicado de manera eficiente en el Viet Nam rural, pero hay posibilidades de aumentar aún más esa eficiencia.

OBJECTIF: Estimer et analyser les coûts de délivrance du programme élargi de vaccination (PEV) dans une communauté rurale du nord du Viet Nam en 2005. MÉTHODES: On a fait appel à une approche par composants pour collecter les données relatives aux coûts pour les prestateurs de services. RÉSULTATS: Le coût annuel total du PEV dans le district de Bavi était de US $ 58 460 [parité de pouvoir d'achat (PPA) : 282 076]. Les vaccins et les fournitures représentaient la catégorie de coût la plus importante (33 %), suivie par les coûts de main d'œuvre (30,2 %). Les activités au niveau communal totalisaient la plus grande part (38 %) du coût total. Le coût moyen par enfant complètement vacciné était de US $ 4,81 (PPA : 23,21), soit bien moins que le chiffre de US $ 15, généralement accepté comme seuil de rentabilité du PEV dans les pays en développement. CONCLUSION: Cette étude empirique indique que le PEV est mis en œuvre efficacement dans le Viet Nam rural, mais qu'il existe des possibilités de le rendre encore plus efficace.