Abstract Escherichia coli causes colibacillosis in farm animals that act as reservoirs for pathogenic strains. Antimicrobial resistance of E. coli producing Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamases [ESBL] is a serious public health problem that can be attributed to factors related to food consumption and contact with domestic animals. This study aimed to determine the presence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance of ESBL E. coli isolated from fecal samples from dairy cattle in the Pichincha province. A total of 182 bovine feces samples were analyzed, 112 samples from cattle slaughtered at the official slaughterhouse in Quito-Pichincha province, and 70 samples from the collection of the Foodborne Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit [UNIETAR]. The isolation of ESBL E. coli, biochemical identification, and resistance tests using the main antibiotics were carried out at UNIETAR. It was possible to identify 93 positive samples for ESBL E. coli (51%), phenotypic analysis revealed that antibiotics such as amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, tetracycline, presented resistance higher than 80%. Furthermore, low resistance to nitrofurantoin, cefoxitin, and ertapenem was observed, while no isolate was resistant to tigecycline. One hundred percent of the isolates presented multi-resistance phenotypes, with the most frequent pattern being composed of 7 families of antibiotics. In conclusion, these results suggest that E. coli from dairy cattle origin could be an important reservoir of ESBL genes.

Resumen La bacteria Escherichia coli causa la colibacilosis en animales de granja que actúan como reservorios de cepas patógenas. La resistencia antimicrobiana de E. coli productor de betalactamasas de espectro extendido [BLEE] es un grave problema de salud pública y se puede atribuir a factores relacionados con el consumo de alimentos y el contacto con animales domésticos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la presencia y patrones de resistencia antimicrobiana de E. coli BLEE aislado en muestras fecales provenientes de bovinos productores de leche de la provincia de Pichincha. Se analizaron un total 182 muestras de heces de bovinos: 112 muestras de bovinos faenados en el Camal Metropolitano de la provincia de Pichincha y 70 muestras de la colección de la Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos y Resistencias a los Antimicrobianos [UNIETAR], se realizó el aislamiento de E. coli BLEE, la identificación bioquímica y pruebas de resistencia a los principales antibióticos utilizados. Se logró identificar 93 muestras positivas a E. coli BLEE (51 %), el análisis fenotípico reveló que los antibióticos amoxicilina más ácido clavulánico, cefepime, ceftazidima, ciprofloxacina, amikacina y tetraciclina presentaron porcentajes de resistencia mayores al 80 %. Además, se observó una baja resistencia a la nitrofurantoína, cefoxitin y ertapenem, mientras que ningún aislado fue resistente a la tigeciclina. El 100 % de los aislados presentaron fenotipos de multirresistencia y el patrón más frecuente estuvo compuesto por 7 familias de antibióticos. En conclusión, estos resultados sugieren que E. coli originaria de bovinos lecheros podría ser un reservorio de genes BLEE.

Abstract: Illegitimate tasks are defined as tasks that employees perceive as unfair and unnecessary, which can cause work stress and affect work identity. These, in turn, increase burnout, especially in complex organizations. The present study suggests that work identity plays a mediating role in the association between illegitimate tasks and burnout, whereby the higher the perception of illegitimate tasks, the lower the employee's work identity and the higher the level of burnout. To assess this relationship, a group of 135 employees from a Chilean educational institution completed a series of questionnaires to assess each of the variables, including the BERN Illegitimate Tasks Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Workplace Identity Scale. The study used a longitudinal design, with data collected at two-time points (T1 and T2), with a six-week interval between them. Initially, analyses were conducted using data from T1 alone, and subsequently, analyses were performed using data from both time points (T1 and T2). Results indicate that illegitimate tasks have a greater direct effect on burnout than the effect mediated by work identity and that illegitimate tasks have a significant direct effect on burnout but not on reported burnout six weeks later. Illegitimate tasks have a direct effect on burnout, and work identity acts as a mediator in this relationship. The relevance of these variables must be recognized in organizational settings. Optimizing working conditions and strengthening work identity will benefit not only employees but also the organization.

Resumo: As tarefas ilegítimas são definidas como atribuições que os empregados consideram injustas e desnecessárias, as quais podem causar estresse laboral e afetar a identidade laboral, aumentando, por sua vez, os níveis de burnout, especialmente em organizações complexas. O presente estudo propõe que a identidade laboral desempenha um papel mediador na relação entre as tarefas ilegítimas e o burnout; portanto, quanto maior a percepção de tarefas ilegítimas, o empregado reportará menores níveis de identidade laboral e maiores níveis de burnout. Para avaliar essa relação, um grupo de 135 trabalhadores de uma instituição educacional chilena respondeu a um questionário sociodemográfico e aos instrumentos Bern Illegitimate Tasks Scale BITS), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-GS), e Workplace Identity Scale (WIS). O estudo empregou um design longitudinal, com coletas de dados realizadas em dois momentos (T1 e T2), com um intervalo de seis semanas entre eles. Em primeiro lugar, foram realizadas análises considerando apenas os dados de T1 e, posteriormente, análises que incluíram ambos os períodos de medição (T1 e T2). Os resultados revelaram que as tarefas ilegítimas têm um efeito direto sobre o burnout maior do que o efeito mediado pela identidade laboral e que as tarefas ilegítimas teriam um efeito significativo direto sobre o burnout, mas não sobre o burnout reportado seis semanas depois. As tarefas ilegítimas têm um impacto direto no esgotamento laboral e a identidade laboral atua como um fator mediador nesta relação. É essencial que, dentro do âmbito organizacional, se reconheça a relevância destas variáveis. Otimizar as condições de trabalho e reforçar a identidade laboral não só beneficia aos empregados, mas também as organizações

Resumen: Las tareas ilegítimas se definen como las asignaciones que los empleados consideran injustas e innecesarias, las cuales pueden causar estrés laboral y afectar la identidad laboral, lo que aumenta los niveles de burnout, especialmente en organizaciones complejas. El presente estudio plantea que la identidad laboral ejerce un rol mediador en la relación entre las tareas ilegítimas y el burnout, por lo que, a mayor percepción de tareas ilegítimas, el empleado reportará menores niveles de identidad laboral y mayores niveles de burnout. Para evaluar esta relación, un grupo de 135 trabajadores de una institución educativa chilena contestó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y los instrumentos Bern Illegitimate Tasks Scale (BITS), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-GS) y Workplace Identity Scale (WIS). El estudio tiene un diseño longitudinal y los datos se obtuvieron en dos momentos (T1 y T2), separados entre sí por seis semanas. En primer lugar, se realizaron análisis considerando solo T1 y posteriormente se realizaron análisis considerando ambos tiempos de medición (T1 y T2). Los resultados revelaron que las tareas ilegítimas tienen un efecto directo sobre el burnout, mayor que el efecto mediado por la identidad laboral, y que las tareas ilegítimas tendrían un efecto significativo directo sobre el burnout, pero no sobre el burnout reportado seis semanas después. Las tareas ilegítimas tienen un impacto directo en el agotamiento laboral y la identidad laboral actúa como un factor mediador en esta relación. Es esencial que, dentro del ámbito organizacional, se reconozca la relevancia de estas variables. Optimizar las condiciones de trabajo y reforzar la identidad laboral no solo beneficia a los empleados, sino que también a las organizaciones.

Developing new non-noble metal electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an essential challenge in electrochemical device research. Among these, we highlight the metal Schiff-base complexes, which can be used as modified carbon paste electrodes (CPE). Herein, we present a facile one-pot method for preparing a new family of cobalt(II) complexes with Schiffbase ligands obtained from glycine and para-substituted aldehydes. Complexes were characterized by different techniques, and the effects of para-substituents on the electronic properties of the complexes were confirmed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The CV was also used to evaluate the ORR behavior of metal complex-modified CPE in an alkaline medium. The three complex-modified CPE were found to be highly effective for ORR, and the electron-withdrawing character of para-substituent affects the electrochemical reactivity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to complement the study and correlate the electrochemical activity, the redox potentials, and the Hammett parameter (σp) with the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) energy of the complexes. DFT data were also able to shed light on the likely ORR mechanism. In summary, electronic tuning of the ligand affects the electronic properties of the metal center and allows for systematic oxygen reduction-catalytic control. nonnoble non noble (ORR research these Schiff base CPE. . (CPE) Herein onepot one pot cobaltII cobalt II cobalt(II parasubstituted para substituted aldehydes techniques parasubstituents substituents ultravioletvisible ultraviolet visible CV. (CV) complexmodified complex medium electronwithdrawing electron withdrawing parasubstituent substituent reactivity (DFT activity potentials σp (σp SOMO (SOMO mechanism summary reductioncatalytic catalytic control (CPE (CV

Mixed oxides of pyrochlore structure of the type La2Zr2O7 and La2M0.3Zr1.7O7 (M = Fe or Ni) were synthesized through the modified proteic method and calcined at 900 °C for 2 h, this is a synthesis route not yet explored for materials with this structure and were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy images, point of zero charge (PZC) and specific surface area. Its abilities to remove pollutants from aqueous media by adsorption process were investigated using a model compound. Data analysis revealed that the synthesized materials correspond to the pyrochlore phase (La2Zr2O7). They present particulate morphology with grains of different sizes and pores in their structure. The results of the adsorption studies show that the materials are efficient adsorbents for the removal of model compound in aqueous media, with efficiency above 90%. The adsorption kinetics of the compound in the adsorbents was studied. The materials were applied in reuse studies five times and maintained high efficiencies, highlighting the better performance presented by the material without doping. The obtained adsorbents were also submitted to removal of contaminants of industrial effluent tests and compared with the silica gel and activated carbon materials and also proved to be promising materials. LaZrO La Zr O La2Zr2O La2M03Zr17O7 LaMZrO La2M0 3Zr1 7O7 M La2M0.3Zr1.7O Ni 90 C h Xray X ray diffraction images PZC (PZC area La2Zr2O7. . (La2Zr2O7) 90% studied efficiencies doping La2M03Zr17O LaM La2M 3Zr 7O 9 (La2Zr2O7 (La2Zr2O

Resumen Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia, características, momento de implantación y pronóstico de los pacientes con bloqueo de rama izquierda del haz de His (BRIHH) e insuficiencia cardiaca aguda (ICA) tratados con terapia de resincronización cardiaca (TRC) en un registro real. Métodos: Se analizaron las características de los pacientes con ICA y BRIHH en el momento de su inclusión en la cohorte EAHFE (Epidemiology Acute Heart Failure Emergency) para determinar la indicación de TRC, el momento de implantación y su impacto en la mortalidad por cualquier causa a 10 años. Resultados: 729 pacientes con una mediana de edad de 82 años con una elevada carga de comorbilidades y dependencia funcional. La mediana de la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (FEVI) fue del 40%. 46 pacientes (6%) fueron tratados con TRC en algún momento del seguimiento, con una mediana de tiempo de retraso para la implantación de la TRC de 960 dias (IQR=1,147 días) y al menos 108 pacientes no tratados cumplían criterios para TRC. Los pacientes que recibieron TRC eran más jóvenes, tenían comorbilidades diferentes, menor dependencia funcional (índice de Barthel más alto) y valores de FEVI más bajos. La mediana de seguimiento fue de 5.7 años (IC del 95%: 5.6-5.8) y la TRC no se asoció a cambios en la mortalidad a 10 años (HR ajustado: 1.33; IC del 95%: 0.72-2.48; p-valor 0.4). Cuando se comparó con pacientes no tratados que cumplían criterios para TRC, se observaron resultados muy similares (HR ajustado 1.34; IC del 95%: 0.67-2.68). Conclusiones: La implantación de la TRC se retrasó y se infrautilizó en pacientes con ICA y BRIHH. En estas circunstancias, la TRC no se asocia a una reducción de la mortalidad por cualquier causa a largo plazo.

Abstract Objectives: To determine the prevalence, characteristics, timing of implementation and prognosis of patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) and acute heart failure (AHF) treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in a real-life registry. Methods: We analysed the characteristics of patients with AHF and LBBB at the time of inclusion in the EAHFE (Epidemiology Acute Heart Failure Emergency) cohort to determine the indication for CRT, the timing of implementation and its impact on 10-year all-cause mortality. Results: 729 patients with a median age of 82 years and there was a high burden of comorbidities and functional dependence. The median left-ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) was 40%. Forty-six (6%) patients were treated with CRT at some point during follow-up, with a median time of delay for CRT implementation of 960 (IQR=1,147 days) and at least 108 more untreated patients fulfilled criteria for CRT. Patients receiving CRT were younger, had different comorbidities, less functional dependence (higher Barthel index) and lower LVEF values. The median follow-up was 5.7 years (95% CI: 5.6-5.8) and CRT was not associated with changes in 10-year mortality (adjusted HR 1.33, 95% CI: 0.72-2.48; p-value 0.4). When compared with untreated patients fulfilling criteria for CRT, very similar results were observed (adjusted HR 1.34, 95% CI: 0.67-2.68). Conclusions: CRT implementation was delayed and underused in patients with AHF and LBBB. Under these circumstances, CRT is not associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality in the long term.

Resumen La marihuana es la droga de abuso de mayor consumo en Chile y el mundo. La forma de consumo más utilizada es fumada como cigarrillos, sin embargo, en el último tiempo se ha masificado el uso de vaporizadores. Estos dispositivos utilizan calor para evaporar la resina que se encuentra al interior de los cartuchos, la cual está compuesta principalmente por delta-9-tetrahidrocannabinol en altas concentraciones y otros aditivos como propilenglicol y acetato de vitamina E. En Estados Unidos se ha descrito toxicidad letal asociado al uso de estos dispositivos. En Chile no se conocen intoxicaciones asociadas a estos productos, sin embargo, su uso ha aumentado en los últimos años por lo que es importante conocer cuál es su composición química. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la concentración de los principales compuestos presentes en los cartuchos para vaporizar que son incautados en nuestro país y para esto se im-plementó una metodología analítica para cuantificar los cannabinoides delta-9-tetrahidrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), canna-binol (CBN), y acetato de vitamina E mediante la técnica cromatografía gaseosa con detector de espectrometría de masas (GC/MSD). Se analizaron 51 muestras de cartuchos con una concentración promedio de THC de 60,2% (p/p). Las concentraciones de CBD y CBN no superaron el 2% (p/p) y en el caso de acetato de vitamina E fue detectado en 9 muestras con una concentración promedio de 51,4% (p/p).

Abstract Marijuana is the most widely used drug of abuse in Chile and the world. The most common form of consumption is smoking cigarettes, but more recently the use of vaporizers has become widespread. These devices use heat to vaporize the resin in the cartridges, which consists mainly of THC in high concentrations and other additives such as propylene glycol and vitamin E ace-tate. Lethal toxicity associated with the use of these devices has been described in the United States. In Chile, there are no known poisonings associated with these products; however, their use has increased in recent years, so it is important to know their chem-ical composition. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of the main compounds present in the vaporizer car-tridges seized in our country. To this end, an analytical methodology was implemented to quantify the cannabinoids delta-9-tetra-hydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBN), and vitamin E acetate using the GC/MSD technique. Fifty-one cartridge samples were analyzed with an average THC concentration of 60.2% (w/w). The concentrations of CBD and CBN did not exceed 2% (w/w) and in the case of vitamin E acetate it was detected in 9 samples with an average concentration of 51.4% (w/w).

Resumen Goniozus legneri Gordh (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) es un ectoparasitoide larval de lepidópteros con antecedentes como biocontrolador de varias plagas agrícolas alrededor del mundo. Mediante un extensivo monitoreo, se encontró a esta avispa en cuatro distritos distantes de la provincia de Mendoza parasitando a tres lepidópteros plaga: Lobesia botrana (Den. et Shiff.) en vid, a Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) en nogal y “espinillo” (Vachellia caven (Molina) Seigler et Ebinger) y a Cydia pomonella (L.) en nogal. Para corroborar la identificación de la especie del parasitoide y evaluar la viabilidad de la población silvestre, se realizaron estudios de la genitalia de machos y entrecruzamientos de avispas silvestres con otras seleccionadas de una cría de laboratorio. Asimismo, es la primera vez que se reporta su presencia como parasitoide de L. botrana en viñedos de Argentina en condiciones naturales de cultivo.

Abstract Goniozus legneri Gordh (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) is a larval ectoparasitoid of lepidopterans, with a worldwide history as a biocontrol agent of various agricultural pests. By means of extensive monitoring, this wasp was found in four distant districts of Mendoza province parasitizing three lepidopteran pests: Lobesia botrana (Den. et Shiff.) in grapevine, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) in walnut and “espinillo” (Vachellia caven (Molina) Seigler et Ebinger) and Cydia pomonella (L.) in walnut. To corroborate the parasitoid species identification and to analyze its population viability in this region, studies of male genitalia and sexual crossings between wild and laboratory-reared wasps were conducted. Further, we report for the first time the natural host-parasitoid interaction of L. botrana with this parasitoid in vineyards from Argentina.

Resumen Términos como “parásitos”, “patógenos” o “virus” se utilizan en el campo de la medicina para la identificación de organismos que producen daño sobre otros. Sin embargo, en el campo de la veterinaria y su interacción con la ecología el contexto es diferente: la utilización indiscriminada de estos términos ha producido que muchas veces los mismos se utilicen como sinónimos. Al estudiar la bibliografía disponible sobre apicultura o conservación de abejas nativas, podemos observar que solamente unos pocos y recientes estudios se focalizan en esta necesaria reconceptualización de los términos basada en la ecología. A lo largo de esta revisión buscaremos diferenciar los conceptos de “parásito”, “patógeno” y“virus”, y redefinir los conceptos de “virulencia” y “patogenicidad” bajo un contexto ecológico. Esta revisión, propone demostrar que las interacciones parásito/hospedador pueden expresarse de forma diferencial en función del contexto micro (hospedador) y macro ambiental (ambiente del hospedador). Aunque utilizaremos a las abejas melíferas (Apis mellifera) como modelo, la teoría aquí abordada podría ser extrapolada por el lector a otros sistemas parasitarios.

Abstract Parasitism and bees: a concept revision from an ecological perspective. From the beginning all, parasites, pathogens and viruses are organisms that have a negative connotation in the field of medicine. However, the use of methodologies and terms of medicine in the field of ecology and, above all, veterinary medicine, led to this understanding of "pathogenic" organisms reaching such studies. When we look into the apicultural research bibliography, we find that these concepts sometimes are poorly distinguished and only a few early studies have been focused on bringing light on this conflictive conceptualization. Today we find a large number of scientific articles that misuse these terms and often consider them as synonyms. Throughout this review we will seek to differentiate each of these terms and generate consensus that avoids the confusion of such important ecological concepts.

Abstract Dopamine 1 is involved in neurodegenerative disorders affecting the central nervous system (CNS), such as Parkinson’s disease. Despite the absence of some available drugs capable of preventing, stopping or curing the progression of such diseases, there are numerous compounds designed, synthesized, and pharmacologically tested which give rise to pharmacophoric generalizations about the dopaminergic receptor required for the search of a drug able to improve or cure those pathologies. N-aralkyl-2-aminoindane derivatives have shown selective activity in the central dopaminergic system. Both the N-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-ethyl]-2-aminoindane hydrochloride 2 and N-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-ethyl]-2-aminoindane hydrochloride 3 showed an agonistic activity mediated by central dopaminergic mechanisms. To contribute to the search of new drugs able to re-establish homeostasis in the dopaminergic transmission in Parkinson’s disease, the compound N-2,6- dichloro-aralkyl-2-aminoindane 4 was designed through medicinal chemistry strategies that contain pharmacophoric approximations of prodrugs. The pharmacological evaluation of compound 4 in the stereotyped behavior of male Sprague Dawley rats showed agonistic activity through the activation of central dopaminergic mechanisms and a higher selectivity in the responses of stereo- typed behavior characteristic of the basal ganglia over the typical responses from limbic structures.

Resumen La dopamina 1, está implicada en trastornos neurodegenerativos que afectan al sistema nervioso central (SNC) tales como la enfermedad de Parkinson, entre otros. Aunque no se dispone aún de ningún fármaco capaz de prevenir, detener o curar la progresión de estas enfermedades, son numerosos los compuestos que han sido diseñados, sintetizados y evaluados farmacológicamente, que han aportado las generalizaciones farmacofóricas del receptor dopaminérgico, necesarias para la búsqueda de un fármaco capaz de mejorar o curar estas patologías. Los derivados 2-aminoindano-N-aralquílicos han mostrado tener actividad selectiva en el sistema dopaminérgico central, de modo tal que los compuestos clorhidratos de N-[(2,4-diclorofenil)-1-metil- etil]-2-aminoindano 2 y N-[(3,4-diclorofenil)-1-metil-etil]-2-aminoindano 3 demostraron tener actividad agonística mediada por mecanismos dopaminérgicos centrales. Con el propósito de contribuir en la búsqueda de nuevos fármacos que permitan restablecer la homeostasis de la transmisión dopaminérgica en la enfermedad de Parkinson, el compuesto N-2,6-dicloro-aralquil-2-aminoindano 4 fue diseñado a través de estrategias de la química medicinal, que contienen las aproximaciones farmacofóricas de los profármacos. La evaluación farmacológica del compuesto 4, en la conducta estereotipada en ratas macho de la cepa Sprague Dawley, demostró tener actividad agonística a través de la activación de los mecanismos dopaminérgicos centrales y mostró mayor selectividad en las respuestas de conductas estereotipadas propias de los ganglios basales sobre las respuestas conductuales propias de las estructuras límbicas.

Resumen Los cisticercos de Taenia solium causan cisticercosis, y la neurocisticercosis (NCC) es la principal patología. La caracterización de genes es fundamental para el conocimiento de la biología del parásito, la relación parásitohospedador y la identificación de posibles dianas de diagnóstico, tratamiento y protección. El objetivo de este trabajo fue la caracterización molecular y bioinformática, de tres ADN complementarios (ADNc) (TsTF10, TsAAP8 y TsrGAP8), obtenidos por cribado por PCR de una genoteca de Taenia solium. Las secuencias se compararon con las de las bases de datos de ácidos nucleicos y proteínas (GenBank, EMBL) y se analizaron mediante programas bioinformáticos (CDD-Search del Centro Nacional de Información Biotecnológica, Interpro del Instituto Europeo de Bioinformática, Motif scan y Sistema de Análisis de Proteínas del Instituto Suizo de Bioinformatica). Teniendo en cuenta las altas identidades con moléculas similares de helmintos relacionados (Taenia asiatica, Echinococcus granulosus, E. multilocularis e Hymenolepis diminuta) y los dominios funcionales encontrados, los genes de Taenia, TsTF10, TsAAP8 y TsrGAP8 podrían actuar como un factor de transcripción nuclear gamma, una supuesta proteína asociada a ATPasa vacuolar de membrana y una proteína activadora de Rho GTPasa, respectivamente. Aunque pocos epítopos B pudieron predecirse en las secuencias, podría ser relevante valorarlos como posibles candidatos para diagnóstico y protección en cisticercosis. La caracterización y análisis de estas secuencias y la predicción de su posible utilidad como antígenos, vacunas o dianas terapéuticas ayudan al diseño y planificación de estudios futuros.

Resumo Os cisticercos da Taenia solium causam cisticercose, e a neurocisticercose (NCC) é a principal patologia. A caracterização dos genes é fundamental para o conhecimento da biologia do parasita, da relação parasitahospedeiro e da identificação de possíveis alvos de diagnóstico, tratamento e proteção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a caracterização molecular e bioinformática de três DNA complementar (cDNA) (TsTF10, TsAAP8 e TsrGAP8), obtidos pela triagem de PCR de uma biblioteca de DNA de Taenia solium. As sequências foram comparadas com as dos bancos de dados de ácidos nucleicos e proteína (GenBank, EMBL) e analisadas por meio de programas de bioinformática (CDD-Search do Centro Nacional de Informações Biotecnológicas, Interpro do Instituto Europeu de Bioinformática, Motif scan e Sistema de Análise de Proteínas do Instituto Suíço de Bioinformática). Considerando as altas identidades com moléculas semelhantes de helmintos relacionados (Taenia asiatica, Echinococcus granulosus, E. multilocularis e Hymenolepis diminuta) e os domínios funcionais encontrados, os genes de Taenia, TsTF10, TsAAP8 e TsrGAP8 poderiam atuar como um fator de transcrição nuclear gama, uma suposta proteína associada à ATPase vacuolar de membrana ATPase e uma proteína ativadora de Rho GTPase, respectivamente. Embora poucos epítopos B pudessem ser previstos nas sequências, poderia ser relevante avaliá-los como possíveis candidatos ao diagnóstico e à proteção em cisticercose. A caracterização e análise dessas sequências e a previsão de sua possível utilidade como antígenos, vacinas ou alvos terapêuticos ajudam no desenho e planejamento de estudos futuros.

Abstract Cysticerci or metacestodes of Taenia solium cause cysticercosis, being the neurocysticercosis (NCC) the main pathology. The characterization of genes is essential for the knowledge of parasite biology, the understanding of the parasite-host relationship, and the identification of possible targets for diagnosis, treatment, and protection. The objective of this work was the molecular and bioinformatic characterization of three news cDNAs (TsTF10, TsAAP8, and TsrGAP8), obtained by spliced leader-PCR screening of a Taenia solium cDNA library. The sequences of the three cDNA were compared with the sequences in the nucleic acid and protein databases (GenBank, EMBL) and analyzed by bioinformatic programs (CDD-Search of the National Center for Biotechnology Information, Interpro of the European Bioinformatics Institute, Motif scan and Expert Protein Analysis System of the Proteomics Server from Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics). Considering the high identities with similar molecules of related helminths (Taenia asiatica, Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis, and Hymenolepis diminuta) and the functional domains found, the TsTF10, TsAAP8, and TsrGAP8 genes of Taenia could act as a nuclear transcription factor gamma, a putative vacuolar ATPase membrane sector associated protein and a Rho GTPase activating protein, respectively. Although few B epitopes could be predicted in the sequences, it could be relevant to evaluate them as possible candidates for diagnosis and protection in cysticercosis. The characterization and analysis of these sequences and the prediction of their possible usefulness as antigens, vaccines, or therapeutic targetscontribute to the designing and planning of future studies.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Seven out of ten Peruvian women between the ages of 15 and 49 reported that they were victims of intimate partner violence at some time. Studies on dating violence in Peru are scarce, and many do not include both sexes and the university population. Objective: To identify the frequency of the types of violence, as well as the behaviors reported during dating in university students. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 71 students from a university in Peru, using an instrument created by the Peruvian Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations to measure the types of violence (physical, psychological, and sexual) and associated behaviors by partners. Results: Of all participants, 85,5 % reported suffering from some type of violence. Also, 57,7 % reported psychological violence, while 7 % indicated to be a victim of physical, psychological, and sexual violence. Receiving words suggestive of sex from their partner was reported in 11,3 %. Among those who received simultaneous physical, psychological, and sexual violence, 80 % were women. Conclusions: Students suffer some type of violence and half of them are psychologically abused. A higher frequency of violence is reported in female students. Effective mental health counseling is recommended to help relevant institutions to better address dating violence.

RESUMEN Introducción: Siete de cada diez mujeres peruanas entre 15 a 49 años reportan que fueron víctimas de violencia por su pareja alguna vez. Los estudios en Perú acerca de la violencia en el enamoramiento, son escasos; muchos no incluyen ambos sexos o a la población universitaria. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de los tipos de violencia, así como las conductas reportadas durante el enamoramiento en estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo en 71 estudiantes de una universidad en Perú; se usó un instrumento elaborado por el Ministerio de la Mujer y Poblaciones Vulnerables del país, para medir los tipos de violencia (física, psicológica y sexual) y las conductas asociadas y ejercidas por la pareja. Resultados: Del total, el 85,5 % reportó padecer de algún tipo de violencia. El 57,7 % de la muestra reportó violencia psicológica, mientras que el 7 % mencionó ser víctima de violencia física, psicológica y sexual. El 11,3 % reportó recibir palabras insinuantes al sexo por parte de su pareja. Entre quienes recibieron simultáneamente violencia física, psicológica y sexual, el 80 % fueron mujeres. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes sufren algún tipo de violencia y la mitad es violentada psicológicamente. Una mayor frecuencia de violencia se reporta en estudiantes mujeres.

Abstract Bioinspired membranes as extracellular matrices are desired for skin regeneration. Herein, we fabricate four systems of fibrillar membranes composed of polycaprolactone (PCL), aminolyzed PCL, denatured collagen type I (C), and the blend of collagen hydrolysate types I and III (bC) or elastin (E), fabricated by the electrospinning process. The superficial features by SEM and optical profilometry, mechanical properties by puncture strength assays, and biological evaluation with a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) for one day of aPCL6bCE (aPCL/collagen hydrolysate type I and III/Elastin), aPCL6CE (aPCL/denaturated Col I/elastin), aPCL6bC (aPCL/collagen hydrolysate type I and III), and PCL6bCE (PCL/collagen hydrolysate type I and III/Elastin) membranes are described. The aPCL6bCE and aPCL6CE fibers resulted in better structural properties for culturing cells, while aPCL6bC and PCL6bCE membranes have shown lower viability for keratinocytes, probably due to their different chemical surface and nanotopography. The roughness of these materials varied from 4.53 to 114.4 µm, depending on their diameter values. Puncture strength results were not significantly different within 2.25-2.66 MPa. Our results suggest that aPCL6bCE and aPCL6CE fibers have potential applications in skin tissue engineering, where the synergy among aminolyzed PCL and E seems to be a prerequisite to developing such activity.

Background: Peru has one of the highest mortality rates due to COVID-19 in the world. Aim: To describe the clinical features, evolution and explore factors associated with mortality in patients with moderate to severe Covid-19. Material and Methods: Prospective analytical study. The clinical, laboratory, imaging, and mortality data of patients admitted at a COVID service of the Santa Rosa de Piura Hospital were recorded from April to June 2020. Results: Data from 391 patients with a median age of 60 years (70% women) was gathered. The time lapse between the onset of the disease and hospitalization was seven days. The most common alteration in the blood count was Neutrophilia in 78% of patients. The median PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 77. The distribution of tomographic patterns was Ground glass in 91% of patients, interstitial involvement in 57%, consolidation in 43%. Sixteen percent of patients had at least one complication, the most common was an increase in transaminases in 2%. Four percent were admitted to the intensive care unit and 53% died (94% during hospitalization and 5.8% during ICU stay). In the bivariate analysis, an association was found between a higher mortality and older age (p = 0.01), having fewer days of illness (p = 0.03), fewer days of hospital stay (p < 0.01), having at least one comorbidity (p = 0.02), lymphopenia (p = 0.02), neutrophilia (P = 0.03) and lower PaO2/ FiO2 ratio (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Fifty percent of these patients died. Age, rapid progression, having comorbidities and other laboratory alterations were associated with mortality.