As Reações Adversas a Medicamentos (RAM) podem ser responsáveis por 2,4% a 11,5% das admissões hospitalares. O estudo objetivou conhecer o perfil demográfico dos pacientes internados por possíveis RAM, identificar os medicamentos e as queixas mais freqüentemente relacionadas e estimar a incidência de admissão hospitalar pelo uso de medicamentos. Durante um mês, os pacientes internados em um hospital geral foram entrevistados quanto ao uso de medicamentos antes da internação e as queixas que o levaram ao hospital; as informações foram analisadas, usando-se a base de dados MICROMEDEX® e outras bases oficiais. Observou-se que as admissões por uso de medicamentos ocorreram predominantemente em idosos [47,5% (66/139)] e mulheres [62% (87/139)]. Os medicamentos mais freqüentes foram: omeprazol (16), analgésicos (31), antihipertensivos (31), sinvastatina (7) e formoterol (6); e normalmente os sintomas associados foram do sistema digestório (20,5%), circulatório (20,2%), respiratório (18,2%) e SNC (13,9%). Estima-se que em 15,5% (139/897) das internações, possivelmente, a razão foi o uso de medicamentos. Os dados sugerem medidas de prevenção, como o acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico dos pacientes no âmbito da assistência primária à saúde, principalmente aos idosos, aos portadores de doenças crônicas e aos polimedicados, além da orientação farmacêutica na compra e dispensação de medicamentos, principalmente os isentos de prescrição.
According to the Word Health Organization, adverse drug reactions (ADR) are any harmful and non intentional answer which occurred in doses normally used in human beings. The ADR can be responsible for 2.4% to 11.5% of hospital admissions. Therefore, this study aimed at knowing the admitted patient´s demographic profile due to possible ADR, identifying the most frequent drugs and complaints, and evaluating the incidence of hospital admission related to drug use. Patients who were 18 years old or more and were admitted during a period of one month to a medical clinical of a general hospital were interviewed for one month about drug use before being admitted, as well as regarding to the complaint which led them to hospital. These information were analyzed according to official data, like MICROMEDEX® and WHO criteria as well. It was observed that the admission due to drug use occurred in most part of the cases in elderly [47.5% (66/139)] and women [62% (87/139)]. The most frequent drugs used were: omeprazole (16), analgesics (31), antihypertensive (31), simvastatin (7) and formoterol fumarate (6), and the symptoms were normally associated to the digestive (20.5%), circulatory (20.2%), respiratory (18.2%) and central nervous systems (13.9%). It was estimated that 15.5% (139/897) of the hospital admission occurred possibly due to the drug use. The data found by present study suggests some strategies in order to prevent ADR in the context of primary health care services, such as monitoring drug therapy, manly for patients with chronic diseases, elderly and polimedicated people; and pharmaceutical care including dispensation and purchasing of the drugs, a lot of them dispensed over the counter (OTC).
