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au:GUERRA, MIGUEL P.

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Comparison between the KARVI scale and the Child Development Evaluation test (EDI) as a screening tool for suspected neurodevelopmental delay
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Tovar-Moreno, Carolina

; Karlis-Rangel, Miguel A.

; Villarreal-Guerra, Susana A.

; García-Ayón, Fernanda P.

; Santos-Guzmán, Jesús

; Carrión-Chavarría, Belinda

Boletín médico del Hospital Infantil de México

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feb 2024, Volume 81 N. 1 Pages 36 - 43

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Background: Early detection of suspected neurodevelopmental delay allows for timely diagnosis and appropriate intervention, for which numerous screening tests have been developed. However, most are complex and impractical for health-care workers at the community level. This study aimed to validate the KARVI scale in the neurodevelopment assessment of children under 1 year of age. Methods: We conducted an observational, longitudinal, comparative, inferential, and prospective study. Healthy children without risk factors for developing neurodevelopmental delay from 0 to 12 months of age were evaluated remotely using the Zoom® application. The Child Development Evaluation Test and the KARVI scale were applied once a month for four consecutive months. Results: Fifty individuals were analyzed, with a predominance of males in 52%. Adequate percentages for a screening test were obtained in the first evaluation with a sensitivity of 70% (confidence interval [CI] 95% 34.75-93.33) and a specificity of 75% (CI 95% 58.8-87.31), and in the fourth evaluation with a sensitivity of 100% (CI 95% 29.4-100) and a specificity of 78.72% (CI 95% 64.34-89.3), being significant in both evaluations (p = 0.007 and p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: The KARVI scale has the elements to be an effective screening test for suspected neurodevelopmental delay, but more extensive studies are needed to obtain more reliable results.

Resumen Introducción: La identificación temprana de retraso en el neurodesarrollo permite un diagnóstico oportuno y una intervención apropiada. Para ello, se han creado diversas pruebas de tamizaje; sin embargo, la mayoría son complejas y poco prácticas para el personal de la salud a nivel comunitario. El objetivo del estudio fue realizar la validación de la escala KARVI en la valoración del neurodesarrollo en niños menores de un año. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, longitudinal, comparativo inferencial y prospectivo, en el cual se evaluaron, vía remota mediante la aplicación Zoom®, niños sanos de 0 a 12 meses de edad sin factores de riesgo para desarrollar retraso en el neurodesarrollo. Se aplicaron la prueba EDI (Evaluación del Desarrollo Infantil) y la escala KARVI una vez al mes por cuatro meses consecutivos. Resultados: Se analizaron 50 individuos, con predominio del sexo masculino en el 52%. Se obtuvieron porcentajes adecuados para una prueba de tamizaje tanto en la primera evaluación, con sensibilidad de 70% (IC 95% 34.75-93.33) y especificidad de 75% (IC 95% 58.8-87.31), como en la cuarta, con sensibilidad de 100% (IC 95% 29.4-100) y especificidad de 78.72% (IC 95% 64.34-89.3), con significación estadística en ambas evaluaciones (p = 0.007 y p = 0.001, respectivamente). Conclusiones: Se considera que la escala KARVI cuenta con los elementos para considerarla como una prueba de tamizaje efectiva para detectar retraso del neurodesarrollo, sin embargo. Sin requieren estudios más extensos para obtener resultados más confiables.

https://doi.org/10.24875/bmhim.23000062

Supporting people with severe mental health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic: considerations for low- and middle-income countries using telehealth case management
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Salum, Giovanni A.

; Rehmenklau, Jaqueline F.

; Csordas, Michele C.

; Pereira, Flavia P.

; Castan, Juliana U.

; Ferreira, Anderson B.

; Delgado, Vera B.

; Bolzan, Liana de M.

; de Lima, Miguel A.

; Blauth, Juarez H.

; dos Reis, José R.

; Rocha, Paula B.

; Guerra, Tadeu A.

; Saraiva, Izabela M.

; Gramz, Bruna de C.

; Ronchi, Bruna R.

; Ribeiro, Bruna L.

; Konig, Dienifer F.

; Grevet, Eugênio H.

; de Pinho, Leandro B.

; Schneider, Jacó F.

; Eustáquio, Paula R.

; Ramos, Márcia Z.

; Marques, Myriam F.

; Axelrud, Luiza K.

; Baeza, Fernanda L.

; Lacko, Sara E.

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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aug 2020, Volume 42 N. 4 Pages 451 - 452

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1078 1141 downloads

Micropropagation of Guadua chacoensis (Rojas) Londoño & P. M. Peterson1
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Ornellas, Thiago Sanches

; Marchetti, Carolina Kades

; Oliveira, Gleison Henrique de

; Fritsche, Yohan

; Guerra, Miguel Pedro

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical

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2019, Volume 49 elocation e55450

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A cadeia produtiva de bambu, no Brasil, ainda é incipiente, e tem baixa oferta de mudas devido aos métodos convencionais de propagação. Objetivou-se, aqui, estabelecer um protocolo de micropropagação para Guadua chacoensis. Explantes de matrizes cultivadas em ambiente controlado resultaram em menor contaminação, relativamente aos de plantas cultivadas em campo. A contaminação foi ainda mais reduzida quando se adicionaram 2 mL L-1 de Plant Preservative Mixture (PPM™) ao meio de cultura, resultando em maior taxa de estabelecimento. As culturas foram multiplicadas por meio de segmentos nodais de plantas in vitro ou por divisão de touceiras em concentrações crescentes (0 µM, 10 µM, 20 µM, 30 µM ou 40 µM) de 6-Benzilaminopurina (BAP). O número de brotações aumentou com o incremento na concentração de BAP; porém, isto reduziu a taxa de enraizamento e o comprimento de raízes. Plantas aclimatizadas sob 0 %, 35 % ou 65 % de sombreamento apresentaram rendimento quântico máximo do fotossistema II (Fv/Fm) dinâmico, o qual diminuiu nos primeiros sete dias após a transferência para condições ex vitro e, em seguida, aumentou até atingir valores estáveis de 0,775, aos 17 dias. Além disso, o sombreamento aumentou as taxas de sobrevivência das plantas, em comparação ao tratamento sem sombreamento, o qual apresentou sintomas de fotoinibição e fotodano.

ABSTRACT The bamboo productive chain is still incipient in Brazil, and the low supply of plantlets due to low-efficient conventional propagation methods presents a significant bottleneck to its development. This study aimed to establish a micropropagation protocol for Guadua chacoensis. Explants from donor plants cultivated under controlled environment showed less contamination, if compared to explants from plants grown in the field. The contamination rate was even lower when 2 mL L-1 of Plant Preservative Mixture (PPM™) were added to the culture medium, leading to a higher establishment rate. The obtained cultures were then multiplied using either in vitro-derived nodal segments or clump division in the presence of increasing contents (0 mM, 10 mM, 20 mM, 30 mM or 40 mM) of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP). The number of shoots increased with increasing BAP concentrations, but this also resulted in a reduced rooting rate and root length. Plants acclimatized under 0 %, 35 % or 65 % of shading showed a dynamic maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), which initially decreased within the first seven days after the transfer to ex vitro conditions, but then increased until reaching stable values of 0.775 after 17 days. Additionally, the shading improved the plant survival rates, if compared to those under non-shaded conditions, which presented photoinhibition and photodamage symptoms.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632019v4955450 722 downloads

Modelos locales altura-diámetro para Pinus montezumae Lamb. y Pinus teocote Schiede ex Schltdl. en Nanacamilpa, Tlaxcala
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Guerra-De la Cruz, Vidal

; Islas-Gutiérrez, Fabián

; Flores-Ayala, Eulogio

; Acosta-Mireles, Miguel

; Buendía-Rodríguez, Enrique

; Carrillo-Anzures, Fernando

; Tamarit-Urías, Juan Carlos

; Pineda-Ojeda, Tomas

Revista mexicana de ciencias forestales

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2019, Volume 10 N. 51 Pages 133 - 156

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Field measurement of total height of standing trees imposes practical difficulties that increases time and costs of forest inventories. Moreover, height measurement is prone to mistakes especially in forests with dense understories. Allometric equations are a suitable option to estimate efficiently total height as a function of tree diameter. The aim of this study was to analyze allometric models to fit the total height-normal diameter relation for Pinus montezumae and P. teocote trees in the forest region of Nanacamilpa, Tlaxcala. Database consisted of 583 pairs of total height-normal diameter measurements for P. montezumae and 486 pairs for P. teocote covering a wide range of diameter classes. We evaluated 14 nonlinear and one linear models with regression analysis using the MODEL and REG procedures of SAS® respectively. Goodness of fit was assessed with R 2 adj , bias, root mean squared error, sum square error, mean square error, and Akaike’s information criterion. The best model for P. montezumae was Yang’s model (M2) with an R 2 adj =0.91, whereas the quadratic model (M10) was the best for P. teocote with an R 2 adj =0.87. Such models described with precision the relationship between height and diameter these tree species in the western region of the state of Tlaxcala.

Resumen La medición en campo de la altura total de los árboles implica dificultades prácticas que incrementan los tiempos y costos del inventario. Además, su medición está propensa a errores, en particular en sitios con sotobosques densos. Las relaciones alométricas son una alternativa viable para estimar en forma eficiente la altura en función del diámetro normal. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar modelos de crecimiento y alométricos para determinar el de mejor ajuste en la relación altura-diámetro para árboles de Pinus montezumae y Pinus teocote de la región forestal Nanacamilpa, Tlaxcala. Para el análisis, se obtuvieron 583 pares de datos de diámetro normal-altura total para P. montezumae y 468 pares para P. teocote. La muestra abarcó un amplio intervalo de categorías diamétricas. Se evaluaron 14 modelos no lineales y uno lineal, mediante análisis de regresión con el procedimiento MODEL de SAS® para los no lineales, y REG para el lineal. La bondad de ajuste se evaluó con base en la R 2 adj , el sesgo, la raíz del error cuadrático medio, la suma de cuadrado del error, el cuadrado medio del error y el criterio de información de Akaike. El mejor modelo para estimar la altura de Pinus montezumae fue el propuesto por Yang (M2) con una R 2 adj =0.91, y para P. teocote el cuadrático (M10) con una R 2 adj =0.87. Ambos modelos describen con precisión la relación alométrica entre el diámetro y la altura en árboles de las especies estudiadas en la región occidental del estado de Tlaxcala.

https://doi.org/10.29298/rmcf.v10i51.407 540 downloads

Reproductive Biology of Varronia curassavica Jacq. (Boraginaceae)
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HOELTGEBAUM, MARCIA P.

; MONTAGNA, TIAGO

; LANDO, ANA PAULA

; PUTTKAMMER, CATARINA

; ORTH, AFONSO INÁCIO

; GUERRA, MIGUEL P.

; REIS, MAURÍCIO S. DOS

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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mar 2018, Volume 90 N. 1 Pages 59 - 71

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Varronia curassavica, a subshrubby medicinal species associated with restinga in the Atlantic Forest, has been exploited by local people and the pharmaceutical industry. Indeed, restingas have experienced a continuous process of degradation, and thus, with species and ecosystem both at risk, efforts to support conservation actions are required. The present study aimed to evaluate aspects of V. curassavica reproductive biology. To accomplish this, morphological characterization was performed by monitoring flowering events. The availability of nectar and pollen, as well as the frequency and behavior of floral visitors and dispersers, was also evaluated. This species exhibits both heterostyly and protogyny. Anthesis is diurnal, and flowers last less than a day. The high number of flower and fruit abortions suggests that mechanisms, such as self-incompatibility intra-morphs and easily detached flowers, contribute to reduced fruit production. The high diversity of floral visitors indicate a generalist pollination syndrome. Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera were the main pollinators, and nectar was the main resource sought by these insects. Fruits were dispersed by birds and ants. It can be concluded that the interaction of V. curassavica with several species is a key factor in its own survival and for maintaining the biological diversity of restinga.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820160273 1559 downloads

Determination of the mode of reproduction of bahiagrass hybrids using cytoembryological analysis and molecular markers
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Weiler, Roberto Luis

; Dall’Agnol, Miguel

; Simioni, Carine

; Krycki, Karine Cristina

; Dahmer, Nair

; Guerra, Divanilde

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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mar 2017, Volume 46 N. 3 Pages 185 - 191

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the mode of reproduction of a hybrid progeny derived from intraspecific crosses of Paspalum notatum through cytoembryological analysis and use of RAPD (random amplification of polymorphic DNA) molecular markers. Cytoembryological analysis allowed identification of the mode of reproduction of 28 plants that were selected after agronomic productivity evaluations. Of these, 19 had embryo sac morphology compatible with an apomictic mode of reproduction and nine had embryo sac morphology compatible with a sexual mode of reproduction. Meanwhile, molecular marker analysis for 194 individuals showed 54 sexual and 140 apomictic plants; of the 28 plants analyzed by the two methods, ten results (35.7%) were in disagreement. In this paper, through cytoembryological analyses, a ratio of 1:2.1 of sexual to apomictic plants was found. The BCU 243 marker showed a stable pattern of amplification, but some results differed with cytoembryological analyses, demonstrating that these analyses are more reliable when determining the mode of sexual reproduction for the plants of P. notatum. Apomictic plants characterized in this work can be tested in the field to check their agronomic value and registration as plant varieties, while the sexual plants can be used as potential parents in future crosses.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1806-92902017000300002 1513 downloads

Fauna de Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) de Calmeca, Tepexco, Puebla, México
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Carrillo-Ruiz, Hortensia

; Guerra-González, Irma

; Sánchez-Carrillo, Marcela

; Morón, Miguel A.

; Rivas-Arancibia, Sombra P.

Acta zoológica mexicana

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2017, Volume 33 N. 2 Pages 251 - 265

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract: A comparative study of Coleoptera Scarabaeoidea in the community of Calmeca, Tepexco, Puebla, Mexico is presented. Samples of beetles were taken from November 2013 to November 2014 in a place with induced pasture land with neighboring crops (SP) and a site representative of deciduous forest with secondary vegetation (SC). By mean of necrotraps, rotten fruit traps and hand collecting, 945 specimens were obtained, representing 28 species in six families of Scarabaeoidea. The SP had the highest species richness with 27 species; the most abundant species was E. intermedius (30.19%) with 257 specimens, followed by D. gazella (14.33%) with 122 specimens. In the SC the most abundant species were C. (C.) humectus (20.21%) and C. (C.) pluto (20.21%) each with 19 specimens collected. No significant differences between the two sampling sites (p = 0.111) were found. The Calmeca beetle community was grouped in eight feeding guilds. At both sites most recorded species belong to the coprophagous guild (SP 37% & SC 53%), the necrophagous guild (SP 14.8% & SC 26.6%) and the phytophagous guild (SP 18% & SC 13%). The SP had a higher functional richness with eight guilds, compared with the SC with four guilds; in the SC no species of predator, antophilous, and rhizophagus guilds were recorded.

Resumen: Se presenta un estudio comparativo de los coleópteros Scarabaeoidea establecidos en la comunidad de Calmeca, Tepexco, Puebla, México. Se realizaron muestreos de noviembre de 2013 a noviembre de 2014 en dos sitios, un sitio de potrero con cultivos aledaños (SP) ubicado a 1,389 msnm y un sitio representativo de selva baja caducifolia con vegetación secundaria (SC) ubicado a 1,441 msnm. Mediante el uso de necrotrampas, trampas de fruta y recolecta directa se obtuvieron 945 ejemplares, representantes de 28 especies distribuidas en seis familias de Scarabaeoidea. La mayor riqueza se presentó en el SP con 27 especies, de las cuales las más abundantes fueron E. intermedius (30.19%) con 257 ejemplares, seguida de D. gazella (14.33%) con 122 ejemplares. Por otra parte en el SC las especies más abundantes fueron C. (C.) humectus (20.21%) y C. (C.) pluto (20.21%) cada una con 19 ejemplares recolectados. Con respecto a la diversidad, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los dos sitios de muestreo (p = 0.111). La comunidad de escarabajos de Calmeca se agrupó en ocho gremios alimentarios. En ambos sitios la mayoría de las especies registradas pertenecen a los gremios coprófago (SP 37% y SC 53%), necrófago (SP 14.8% y SC 26.6%) y filófago (SP 18% y SC 13%). El SP presentó una mayor riqueza funcional (ocho gremios) que el SC (cuatro gremios), en este último no se registraron especies de los gremios depredador, antófilo, rizófago y detritívoro.

1340 downloads

Ultra-low temperature conservation of Brazilian Pine embryogenic cultures
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DEMARCHI, GRASIELA

; STEFENON, VALDIR M.

; STEINER, NEUSA

; VIEIRA, FELIPE N.

; VESCO, LIRIO L. DAL

; GUERRA, MIGUEL P.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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dec 2014, Volume 86 N. 4 Pages 2057 - 2064

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Este estudo objetivou estabelecer um protocolo de criopreservação para culturas embriogênicas de A. angustifolia, possibilitando a conservação ex situ da espécie. Culturas embriogênicas foram estabelecidas a partir de sementes imaturas e tratadas com variações das soluções crioprotetoras SuDG, SoD e PVS2 antes da imersão em nitrogênio líquido. A viabilidade celular foi avaliada após 30, 60 e 90 dias de recrescimento. O maior recrescimento sem alterações morfológicas e composição bioquímica normal foi obtido com a solução PVS2 com 40 min de imersão em etanol (-20 °C). Este procedimento abre novos horizontes para a conservação ex situ dos recursos genéticos da espécie.

This study aimed to establish a cryopreservation protocol for embryogenic cultures of A. angustifolia, enabling the ex situ conservation of the species. Embryogenic cultures were established from immature seeds and treated with variations of the cryoprotectant solutions SuDG, SoD and PVS2 prior to immersion in liquid nitrogen. Cell viability was evaluated after 30, 60 and 90 days of re-growth. The highest re-growth without morphological alterations and with normal biochemical composition was obtained with the PVS2 solution with 40 min immersion in ethanol (-20 °C). This procedure opens new horizons for the ex situ conservation of the species genetic.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201420130405 1843 downloads

ESTRUTURA E COMPOSIÇÃO FLORÍSTICA DE DOIS FRAGMENTOS DA FLORESTA ESTACIONAL DECIDUAL DO ALTO-URUGUAI, SC
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Ruschel, Ademir R.

; Guerra, Miguel P.

; Nodari, Rubens O.

Ciência Florestal

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jun 2009, Volume 19 N. 2 Pages 225 - 236

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Em dois fragmentos florestais da Floresta Estacional Decidual (FED) do Alto-Uruguai, SC, foram aplicados os métodos de parcelas (MP) e de pontos-quadrantes (MQ) visando a comparar os métodos amostrais e caracterizar a riqueza florística e composição estrutural. Foram inventariadas 91 espécies, sendo que 52 foram encontradas no sub-bosque (sem valor madeireiro), com destaque para Sorocea bonplandii, Gymnanthes concolor e Trichilia claussenii. As outras 39 espécies emergentes no dossel florestal são de uso madeireiro, sendo as mais abundantes Apuleia leiocarpa, Nectandra megapotamica, Cabralea canjerana e Holocalyx balansae. As espécies de maior densidade e área basal foram praticamente as mesmas em ambos os fragmentos florestais, independente do método usado. O MP detectou uma maior diversidade de espécies e uma maior densidade de plantas por área comparativamente ao MQ, embora ambos os métodos detectassem espécies diferentes. Todavia, o uso simultâneo dos dois métodos possibilitou em uma maior cobertura da diversidade de espécies nas duas áreas, com redução no tempo para o inventário. Em ambos os métodos, detectaram-se erros amostrais acima do esperado e quanto menores os valores do erro amostral, maior foi a similaridade dos resultados das avaliações entre os métodos. Paradoxalmente a riqueza de espécies presentes na FED contrasta com o pequeno número de fragmentos que restaram neste ecossistema. Importante ressaltar que esses fragmentos são as últimas fontes de sementes para a recolonização de áreas abandonadas ou degradadas, como também para conservação e uso em programas de melhoramento genético de essências florestais nativas e banco de sementes in situ.

ABSTRACT In two forest remnants located in Seasonal Deciduous Atlantic Forest of Alto-Uruguai region of Southern Brazil, the plots (MP) and point-centered-quarter (MQ) methods were used aiming to characterize the floristic richness and structural composition. 91 species were identified, 52 of them were classified as understory species (without timber value), being the most abundant Sorocea bonplandii, Gimnanthes concolor and Trichilia claussenii species. The others were classified as timber species, being the most abundant Apuleia leiocarpa, Nectandra megapotamica, Cabralea canjerana, and Holocalyx balansae. The species of higher density and basal area were practically the same in both forest patches, independently from the inventory method used. The MP detected a higher number of species diversity as well as the higher value for plant density by area, comparatively to MQ, although both methods detected different species. The simultaneous use of MQ and MP resulted in a higher coverage of species diversity in both areas, with a reduction in time to perform the inventory. In both methods, sampling error above of the expected value was detected, but the smaller these values, the greater the similarity among the results provided by both methods. Unfortunately, the species richness occurring in the FED contrasts with the small number of remaining patches in this ecosystem. It is important to highlight that these patches are the last repositories for seed to be used in colonizing degraded areas as well as for conservation, improvement and in situ seed bank program with native plant species.

https://doi.org/10.5902/19805098413 376 downloads

10.

Evaluación de la actividad de extractos marinos sobre Plasmodium falciparum in vitro y aspártico proteasas
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Mendiola Martínez, Judith

; Guerra Borrego, Yazle

; Valdés Iglesias, Olga

; Miguel Morales, Maydelín

; Hernández Zanuy, Ayda

; Fernández-Calienes Valdés, Aymé

; Rojas Rivero, Lázara

; Chávez Planes, María de los Ángeles

Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical

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dec 2008, Volume 60 N. 3

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

BACKGROUND: the search for new drugs or therapeutic alternatives for malaria treatment is a high priority in the struggle against this disease. At present, several studies are focused on the evaluation of aspartic protease inhibitors present in the digestive vacuole of Plasmodium falciparum, which are part of the enzymes involved in hemoglobin degradation. The few reports in literature on the purification of aspartic proteases inhibitors from marine organisms suggest that they are a practically unexplored source of this type of molecules. METHODS: marine invertebrate species Phallusia nigra, Bugula sp., Lyssodendoryx isodictyalis, Ascidia sydneiensis, Microscosmus goanus, Holothuria mexicana, Lytechinus variegatus y Echinaster sp.were detected in Puerto Esperanza area, Pinar del Rio province, on April 2006 and then ethanol extracts were prepared. In vitro antimalarial evaluation of these extracts against Plasmodium falciparum, with descriptive efficacy values being comparable with those used worldwide. The results were associated to the findings of aspartic protease model-like pepsin enzymatic action inhibition tests and to the chemical profile of secondary metabolites in these extracts. RESULTS: good reproducibility of antimalarial action of P. nigra, M. goanus y L. isodictyalis extracts was found, being the average inhibitory concentrations lower than 50 µg/mL. M. goanus extract showed a possible pepsin inhibitor. The chemical profile for ascidians corresponded to the main compounds reported in Pyuridae y Ascidiidae families. The antimalarial activity as well as the pepsin inhibitory activity might be attributed to some of the detected secondary metabolites. CONCLUSIONS: the breaking-up of these extracts is recommended in order to isolate the chemical compounds involved in the studied biological activities.

INTRODUCCIÓN: la búsqueda de nuevas drogas o alternativas terapéuticas para el tratamiento de la malaria es una alta prioridad en la lucha por el control de esta enfermedad. En la actualidad, varios estudios se concentran en la evaluación de inhibidores de proteasas de tipo aspártico presentes en la vacuola digestiva de Plasmodium falciparum, las cuales son parte de las enzimas que participan en la degradación de la hemoglobina. Los escasos reportes en la literatura sobre la purificación de inhibidores de proteasas aspárticas a partir de organismos marinos sugieren que constituyen una fuente de este tipo de moléculas prácticamente inexplorada. MÉTODOS: las especies de invertebrados marinos Phallusia nigra, Bugula sp., Lyssodendoryx isodictyalis, Ascidia sydneiensis, Microscosmus goanus, Holothuria mexicana, Lytechinus variegatus y Echinaster sp. fueron colectadas en la localidad de Puerto Esperanza, Pinar del Río, en abril de 2006 y se prepararon extractos etanólicos. Se realizó la evaluación antimalárica in vitro contra Plasmodium falciparum de estos extractos, con valores descriptivos de eficacia comparables a los utilizados internacionalmente. Los resultados se relacionaron con los hallazgos de los ensayos de inhibición de la actividad enzimática de pepsina como modelo de proteasa aspártica y con el perfil químico de metabolitos secundarios en estos extractos. RESULTADOS: se encontró una buena reproducibilidad de la actividad antimalárica de los extractos de P. nigra, M. goanus y L. isodictyalis con concentraciones inhibitorias medias menores que 50 µg/mL. El extracto de M. goanus mostró la posible presencia de un inhibidor de pepsina. El perfil químico obtenido para las ascidias se corresponde con los principales compuestos reportados para las familias Pyuridae y Ascidiidae. La actividad antimalárica, así como la actividad inhibidora de pepsina, pudiera ser atribuida a algunos de los grupos de metabolitos secundarios detectados. CONCLUSIONES: se recomienda el fraccionamiento de estos extractos para el aislamiento de los compuestos químicos responsables de las actividades biológicas obtenidas.

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11.

Somatic embryogenesis in goiabeira serrana: genotype response, auxinic shock and synthetic seeds
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GUERRA, MIGUEL P.

; DAL VESCO, LIRIO L.

; DUCROQUET, JEAN PIERRE H.J.

; NODARI, RUBENS O.

; REIS, MAURÍCIO S. DOS

Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal

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2001, Volume 13 N. 2 Pages 117 - 128

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A embriogênese somática in vitro é dependente de uma série de fatores, dentre os quais o genótipo da planta matriz doadora de explantes e a fonte de auxina para conferir competência embriogênica são considerados como determinativos. Uma vez obtidos, os embriões somáticos podem ser encapsulados em alginato para a obtenção de sementes sintéticas, permitindo assim o armazenamento em baixas temperaturas e o posterior cultivo de maneira semelhante à semente verdadeira. Os aspectos citados foram estudados no presente trabalho visando elucidar pontos de controle da embriogênese somática. Assim, embriões zigóticos excisados de frutos maduros de cinco acessos de Feijoa sellowiana Berg, foram avaliados quanto ao seu potencial embriogenético. Choques auxínicos de 2,4-D (20 miM) em períodos de 1, 2, 4, 8 e 16 semanas foram utilizados para estabelecer o período mínimo de aquisição de competência embriogênica dos explantes e o posterior efeito deste fitorregulador sobre o desenvolvimento e qualidade dos embriões somáticos. Diferentes composições de cápsulas de alginato foram empregadas para avaliar a polimerização das cápsulas e a contaminação das sementes sintéticas. A maior percentagem de indução da embriogênese somática e o maior número de embriões ocorreram nos acessos 101 e 50-4. Choques de 2,4-D de duas semanas foram suficientes para proporcionar valores similares de indução e produção de embriões somáticos, àqueles obtidos com choques de 4 e 8 semanas. Estudos histológicos demonstraram a origem direta da embriogênese somática a partir da epiderme cotiledonar. A adição dos sais de MS e sacarose ao alginato de sódio resultou em altos valores de contaminação das sementes sintéticas, quando comparados às capsulas isentas destas substâncias. O emprego do KNO3 (100 mM) permitiu a despolimerização e a abertura de 81,2% das sementes sintéticas em comparação aos valores de 0% para o tratamento com água.

The induction and control of in vitro somatic embryogenesis is dependent of a number of factors. The genotype of the mother plant donor of explants and the kind of auxin play essential roles in conferring embryogenic competence. Once obtained somatic embryos may be encapsulated in alginate originating synthetic seeds that can be stored at low temperatures. Considering this the present work aimed at the assessment of five different genotypes, five periods of 2,4-D shock (20 muM for 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 weeks) (), and different substances supplemented to sodium alginate to obtain synthetic seeds. Zygotic embryos of Feijoa sellowiana were inoculated in basal LP medium (von Arnold and Erikson, 1981) supplemented with Morel’s vitamins, sucrose (3%) and phytagel (0.2%). The highest rates of somatic embryogenesis induction were observed in the genotypes 50-4 and 101. Shock of two weeks in 2,4-D conferred embryogenic competence in the same levels obtained with the shock of 8 weeks. Histological evaluations revealed the direct origin of the somatic embryos from the epidermic surface of cotyledons. Synthetic seeds containing MS salts and sucrose resulted in higher rates of contamination than capsules free of these substances. KNO3 (100 mM) resulted in the opening of 81.2% of the capsules as compared to 0% of opening in the treatment with water.

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12.

MICROPROPAGAÇÃO DE CAIXETA, Didymopanax morototoni (Aubl.) Dcne. et Planch.
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Mantovani, Nilton César

; Franco, Elci T. H.

; Guerra, Miguel P.

; Hoppe, Juarez M.

Ciência Florestal

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jun 1999, Volume 9 N. 1 Pages 47 - 61

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O presente trabalho objetivou estabelecer um protocolo básico para a micropropagação da caixeta Didymopanax morototoni (Aubl.) Dcne. et Planch. Segmentos nodais foram desinfestados em hipoclorito de sódio 10 % por diferentes periodos de exposição, e inoculados em dois meios básicos: WPM (Lloyd & McCown, 1981) e MS (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) suplementados com BAP, TDZ, ANA, GA3 , AIB e carvão ativado em diferentes combinações e concentrações para cada estádio de desenvolvimento. A desinfestação dos segmentos nodais com hipoclorito de sódio por 10 minutos proporcionou os melhores resultados para o estabelecimento asséptico das culturas. A maior taxa de regeneração e alongamento de brotações foi obtida com o meio WPM contendo 1,0 mg.l-1 de BAP. Contudo após três subcultivos neste mesmo meio observou-se redução na taxa de multiplicação. O enraizamento das brotações foi obtido no meio WPM suplementado com 1,0 mg.l-1 de AIB. O processo de aclimatização possibilitou a sobrevivência das plântulas micropropagadas às condições ex vitro.

ABSTRACT This study was carried out aiming to study the in vitro regeneration of caixeta (Didymopanax morototoni (Aubl.) Dcne. et Planch.). In order to establish a basic micropropagation protocol axillary buds and nodal segments were desinfested with sodium hipochlorite 10 % and innoculated in two basal media: WPM (Lloyd & McCown, 1981) and MS (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) supplemented with BAP, TDZ, NAA, GA3, IBA and activated charcoal in defferent combinations and concentrations for each developmental step. The desinfestation method based on sodium hipochlorite during 10 minutes allowed the best results for the establishment of aseptic cultures in nodal segments. With these explants the regeneration rate and the shoot elongation were higher in the WPM medium containing 1,0 mg.l-1 BAP. However after three subcultures it was observed a reduction in the regeneration rate. The rooting of regenerated shoots was observed in a WPM medium supplemented with 1,0 mg.l-1 IBA. The acclimatization process allowed the plantlet survival in ex vitro conditions.

https://doi.org/10.5902/19805098365 231 downloads

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