ABSTRACT The cowpea is a legume that is widely grown in the north-east of Brazil, and which has been gaining ground in other regions of the country. The main producer is the state of Ceará, with a large planted-area, albeit low productivity due to a lack of producer technology and adapted cultivars. The aim of this study was to identify and recommend superior genotypes in terms of adaptability and stability under rainfed and irrigated conditions, in addition to genotypes with reduced grain darkening. To this end, six experiments were conducted in different districts of Ceará (Crato, Pentecoste, Crateús, Madalena, Bela Cruz and Limoeiro do Norte) and one laboratory experiment, to evaluate grain darkening. The experimental design of the field trials was of randomised blocks, with 14 genotypes and 4 replications. The analysis of variance showed a significant effect from the genotypes and environments and their interaction, so GGE Biplot analysis was carried out to evaluate adaptability and stability. To evaluate grain darkening, a completely randomised design was used in a simple factorial scheme with six previously selected genotypes and five different storage times (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 months). There was a significant effect from the genotypes and storage time. Genotype 1 showed the least darkening, and can be recommended for environments to which it is best adapted (Crato and Crateús). Genotype 9 was considered the most stable for grain yield, and can be more broadly recommended for the semi-arid region of the state of Ceará. northeast north east Brazil country plantedarea, plantedarea planted area, area planted-area cultivars conditions darkening end Crato, Crato Pentecoste Crateús Madalena Norte experiment blocks replications interaction 0, 0 (0 2 months. months . months) time Crateús. Crateús) yield semiarid semi arid (

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a associação entre os indicadores antropométricos da infância com a área da densidade mineral óssea (aDMO) na idade adulta. Métodos: Medidas repetidas de 137 sujeitos (68 do sexo feminino) foram obtidos na infância (9,2±1,5 anos de idade) e idade adulta (22,3±1,7 anos de idade). A aDMO (g/cm2) foi avaliada para todo o corpo, coluna lombar, membros superiores e inferiores e colo do fêmur na idade adulta usando a absorciometria radiológica de dupla energia (DXA). Medidas antropométricas de peso corporal, estatura e dobras cutâneas das regiões tricipital e subescapular foram obtidas na infância. Os indicadores antropométricos utilizados para as análises foram o peso corporal (PC), o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e o somatório de dobras cutâneas (ΣDC). Regressão linear simples controlada pela idade e estratificada por sexo foi empregada para avaliar a associação entre os indicadores antropométricos do período da infância na aDMO na idade adulta, com significância estatística de 5%. Resultados: No sexo feminino, múltiplas associações foram observadas entre os indicadores antropométricos e a aDMO, com maiores coeficientes para IMC (β=0,020; R2=0,20; p<0.01 para colo do fêmur direito a β=0,008; R2=0,16; p<0,01 para membros superiores), seguido da PC (β=0,003; r2=0,21; p<0,01 para membros superiores a β=0,008; r2=0,20; p<0,01 para colo do fêmur direito) e ΣDC (β=0,001; R2=0,06; p<0,01 para membros superiores a β=0,005; R2=0,12; p<0,01 para colo do fêmur direito). No sexo masculino, associações ocorreram apenas na região da coluna (β=0,016; R2=0,09 para IMC a β=0,004; R2=0,06; p<0,01 para ΣDC). Conclusões: Indicadores antropométricos da infância mostraram ser sensíveis preditores da aDMO na idade adulta, especialmente no sexo feminino. O IMC indicou maior associação com a aDMO em ambos os sexos. Objetivo (aDMO Métodos 13 68 (6 feminino 9,2±1,5 9215 9 2 1 5 (9,2±1, 22,3±1,7 22317 22 3 7 (22,3±1, idade. . g/cm2 gcm2 gcm g cm2 cm (g/cm2 corpo lombar DXA. DXA (DXA) PC, , (PC) (IMC ΣDC. (ΣDC) 5% Resultados β=0,020 β0020 β 0 020 (β=0,020 R2=0,20 R2020 R R2 20 p001 p 01 p<0.0 β=0,008 β0008 008 R2=0,16 R2016 16 p<0,0 superiores, superiores) β=0,003 β0003 003 (β=0,003 r2=0,21 r2021 r r2 21 r2=0,20 r2020 β=0,001 β0001 001 (β=0,001 R2=0,06 R2006 06 β=0,005 β0005 005 R2=0,12 R2012 12 direito. masculino β=0,016 β0016 016 (β=0,016 R2009 09 R2=0,0 β=0,004 β0004 004 ΣDC) Conclusões sexos 6 ( 9,2±1, 921 (9,2±1 22,3±1, 2231 (22,3±1 g/cm (g/cm (DXA (PC (ΣDC β=0,02 β002 02 (β=0,02 R2=0,2 R202 p00 p<0. β=0,00 β000 00 R2=0,1 R201 p<0, (β=0,00 r2=0,2 r202 R200 β=0,01 β001 (β=0,01 R2=0, 9,2±1 92 (9,2± 22,3±1 223 (22,3± β=0,0 β00 (β=0,0 R20 p0 p<0 r2=0, r20 R2=0 9,2± (9,2 22,3± (22,3 β=0, β0 (β=0, p< r2=0 R2= 9,2 (9, 22,3 (22, β=0 (β=0 r2= 9, (9 22, (22 β= (β= (2 (β

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to verify the association between childhood anthropometric indicators and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in adulthood. Methods: Repeated measures of 137 subjects (68 females) were obtained in childhood (9.2±1.5 years of age) and adulthood (22.3±1.7 years of age). aBMD (g/cm2) was assessed for whole body, lumbar spine, upper and lower limbs, and femoral neck in adulthood using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Anthropometric measurements of body weight (BW), height, triceps and subscapular skinfolds were obtained in childhood. The anthropometric indicators used were BW, body mass index (BMI), and sum of skinfolds (ΣSF). Simple linear regression was used to assess the association between childhood anthropometric indicators and aBMD in adulthood, controlled by chronological age and stratified by sex, with 5% statistical significance. Results: In females, multiple associations were observed between anthropometric indicators and aBMD, with higher coefficients for BMI (β=0.020; R2=0.20; p<0.01 for right femoral neck to β=0.008; R2=0.16; p<0.01 for upper limbs), followed by BW (β=0.003; R2=0.21; p<0.01 for upper limbs to β=0.008; R2=0.20; p<0.01 for right femoral neck) and ΣSF (β=0.001; R2=0.06; p<0.01 for upper limbs to β=0.005; R2=0.12; p<0.01 for right femoral neck). In males, associations were observed only for the lumbar spine region (β=0.016; R2=0.09 for BMI to β=0.004; R2=0.06; p<0.01 for ΣSF). Conclusions: Anthropometric indicators of childhood proved to be sensitive predictors of aBMD in adulthood, especially in females. BMI indicated a greater association with aBMD in both sexes. Objective (aBMD Methods 13 68 (6 females 9.2±1.5 9215 9 2 1 5 (9.2±1. 22.3±1.7 22317 22 3 7 (22.3±1. age. . g/cm2 gcm2 gcm g cm2 cm (g/cm2 dualenergy dual energy Xray X ray absorptiometry , (BW) height BMI, (BMI) ΣSF. (ΣSF) sex significance Results β=0.020 β0020 β 0 020 (β=0.020 R2=0.20 R2020 R R2 20 p001 p 01 p<0.0 β=0.008 β0008 008 R2=0.16 R2016 16 limbs) β=0.003 β0003 003 (β=0.003 R2=0.21 R2021 21 β=0.001 β0001 001 (β=0.001 R2=0.06 R2006 06 β=0.005 β0005 005 R2=0.12 R2012 12 neck. males β=0.016 β0016 016 (β=0.016 R2009 09 R2=0.0 β=0.004 β0004 004 ΣSF) Conclusions sexes 6 ( 9.2±1. 921 (9.2±1 22.3±1. 2231 (22.3±1 g/cm (g/cm (BW (BMI (ΣSF β=0.02 β002 02 (β=0.02 R2=0.2 R202 p00 p<0. β=0.00 β000 00 R2=0.1 R201 (β=0.00 R200 β=0.01 β001 (β=0.01 R2=0. 9.2±1 92 (9.2± 22.3±1 223 (22.3± β=0.0 β00 (β=0.0 R20 p0 p<0 R2=0 9.2± (9.2 22.3± (22.3 β=0. β0 (β=0. p< R2= 9.2 (9. 22.3 (22. β=0 (β=0 9. (9 22. (22 β= (β= (2 (β

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to investigate the osseointegration of titanium (Ti) implants with micro-nano textured surfaces functionalized with strontium additions (Sr) in a pre-clinical rat tibia model. Methodology Ti commercially pure (cp-Ti) implants were installed bilaterally in the tibia of 64 Holtzman rats, divided into four experimental groups (n=16/group): (1) Machined surface - control (C); (2) Micro-nano textured surface treatment (MN); (3) Micro-nano textured surface with Sr2+ addition (MNSr); and (4) Micro-nano textured surface with a higher complementary addition of Sr2+ (MNSr+). In total, two experimental euthanasia periods were assessed at 15 and 45 days (n=8/period). The tibia was subjected to micro-computed tomography (μ-CT), histomorphometry with the EXAKT system, removal torque (TR) testing, and gene expression analysis by PCR-Array of 84 osteogenic markers. Gene expression and protein production of bone markers were performed in an in vitro model with MC3T3-E1 cells. The surface characteristics of the implants were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Results SEM, confocal, and EDS analyses demonstrated the formation of uniform micro-nano textured surfaces in the MN group and Sr addition in the MNSr and MNSr+ groups. TR test indicated greater osseointegration in the 45-day period for treated surfaces. Histological analysis highlighted the benefits of the treatments, especially in cortical bone, in which an increase in bone-implant contact was found in groups MN (15 days) and MNSr (45 days) compared to the control group. Gene expression analysis of osteogenic activity markers showed modulation of various osteogenesis-related genes. According to the in vitro model, RT-qPCR and ELISA demonstrated that the treatments favored gene expression and production of osteoblastic differentiation markers. Conclusions Micro-nano textured surface and Sr addition can effectively improve and accelerate implant osseointegration and is, therefore, an attractive approach to modifying titanium implant surfaces with significant potential in clinical practice. (Ti micronano micro nano (Sr preclinical pre cpTi cp (cp-Ti 6 rats n=16/group n16group ngroup n 16 (n=16/group) 1 (1 C (C) 2 (2 Micronano Micro (MN) 3 (3 Sr2 (MNSr) 4 (4 MNSr+. . (MNSr+) total n=8/period. n8period nperiod n=8/period 8 (n=8/period) microcomputed computed μCT, μCT μ CT , (μ-CT) system (TR testing PCRArray PCR Array MC3T3E1 MCTE MC3T3 E1 MC T E MC3T3-E cells SEM (SEM) energydispersive energy dispersive EDS, (EDS) 45day day boneimplant osteogenesisrelated osteogenesis related genes RTqPCR RT qPCR is therefore practice (n=16/group ( (C (MN (MNSr (MNSr+ (n=8/period (μ-CT MC3T3E MCT MC3T (SEM (EDS

Resumo Fundamento As pontes miocárdicas (PM) são anomalias anatômicas com possíveis repercussões clínicas, e, portanto, seu entendimento merece atenção. Objetivo Para determinar a prevalência e caracterizar a PM em corações humanos do estado do Ceará. Métodos: Foram usados cinquenta corações de cadáveres humanos adultos da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brasil. Os corações foram dissecados para identificar PMs que passam sobre parte da artéria coronária. O segmento da artéria (proximal, médio e distal) com a ponte foi identificado. O diâmetro externo da artéria nos pontos proximal e distal da PM foi medido. O comprimento e a espessura da PM também foram medidos com um calibre eletrônico. O índice de massa muscular (IMM) da PM foi calculado como o produto do comprimento pela espessura expresso em milímetros. O nível de significância adotado para a análise estatística foi 5%. Resultados A PM foi confirmada em 40% da amostra. Aproximadamente um terço da amostra tinha apenas 1 PM. A PM foi encontrada mais frequentemente sobre o ramo interventricular anterior da artéria coronária esquerda (59,25%, p = 0,02), e sua prevalência em outros ramos foi muito mais baixa (22,23%). Os segmentos das artérias mais afetados foram o superior (44,44%) e o médio (40,74%). O diâmetro médio das artérias proximais em relação à PM foi de 2,38 ± 0,97 mm (intervalo = 0,78 - 5,15 mm), e o diâmetro distal da PM foi de 1,71 ± 0,75 mm (intervalo = 0,42 - 3,58 mm). O comprimento foi medido como média = 8,55 ± 5,27 mm, e a espessura média foi de 0,89 ± 0,33 mm. Conclusão A alta prevalência de PM tem mais probabilidade de afetar o sistema da artéria coronária esquerda com IMM maior do que outros ramos afetados. (PM clínicas portanto atenção Ceará Métodos Brasil proximal, (proximal identificado eletrônico (IMM milímetros 5 5% 40 59,25%, 5925 59 25 (59,25% 0,02, 002 0,02 , 0 02 0,02) 22,23%. 2223 22,23% . 22 23 (22,23%) 44,44% 4444 44 (44,44% 40,74%. 4074 40,74% 74 (40,74%) 238 2 38 2,3 097 97 0,9 intervalo 078 78 0,7 515 15 5,1 mm) 171 71 1,7 075 75 042 42 0,4 358 3 58 3,5 855 8 55 8,5 527 27 5,2 089 89 0,8 033 33 0,3 4 59,25% 592 (59,25 00 0,0 222 22,23 (22,23% 44,44 444 (44,44 407 40,74 7 (40,74% 2, 09 9 0, 07 51 5, 17 1, 04 35 3, 85 8, 52 08 03 59,25 (59,2 22,2 (22,23 44,4 (44,4 40,7 (40,74 59,2 (59, 22, (22,2 44, (44, 40, (40,7 59, (59 (22, (44 (40, (5 (22 (4 (40 ( (2

Abstract Background Myocardial bridges (MB) are anatomical anomalies with possible clinical repercussions; hence, their understanding deserves attention. Objective To determinate the prevalence and characterize MB in human hearts from the state of Ceará. Methods: Fifty hearts of adult human cadavers from the Medicine School of Federal University of Ceará, Brazil. The hearts were dissected to identify MBs that pass over part of the coronary artery. The segment of the artery (proximal, middle, and distal) with a bridge was identified. The external diameter of the artery at the proximal and distal points of the MB was measured. The length and thickness of the MB were also measured with an electronic caliper. The muscle index (MMI) of the MB was calculated as the product of length and thickness expressed in millimeters. The significance level adopted in the statistical analysis was 5%. Results MB was confirmed in 40% of sample. Approximately one third of the sample had only 1 MB. MB was most frequently found over the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery (59.25%, p=0.02), and its prevalence in other branches was much lower (22.23%). The most affected segments of arteries were the superior (44.44%) and medium (40.74%). The mean diameter of arteries proximal to the MB was 2.38±0.97mm (range=0.78-5.15mm), and the diameter distal to the MB was 1.71±0.75mm (range=0.42-3.58mm). The length was measured as mean=8.55±5.27mm, while the mean thickness was 0.89±0.33mm. Conclusion A high prevalence of MB is more likely to affect the left coronary artery system with larger MMI than other affected branches. (MB repercussions hence attention Ceará Methods Brazil proximal, (proximal middle identified caliper (MMI millimeters 5 5% 40 59.25%, 5925 59 25 (59.25% p=0.02, p002 p p=0.02 , 0 02 p=0.02) 22.23%. 2223 22.23% . 22 23 (22.23%) 44.44% 4444 44 (44.44% 40.74%. 4074 40.74% 74 (40.74%) 238097mm mm 2 38 97mm range=0.785.15mm, range078515mm rangemm range=0.78 5.15mm range 78 15mm (range=0.78-5.15mm) 171075mm 71 75mm range=0.423.58mm. range042358mm range=0.42 3.58mm 42 3 58mm (range=0.42-3.58mm) mean855527mm meanmm 8 55 27mm mean=8.55±5.27mm 089033mm 89 33mm 0.89±0.33mm 4 59.25% 592 (59.25 p00 p=0.0 222 22.23 (22.23% 44.44 444 (44.44 407 40.74 7 (40.74% 785 range=0.785.15mm range078 range=0.7 515mm (range=0.78-5.15mm 423 range=0.423.58mm range042 range=0.4 358mm (range=0.42-3.58mm 59.25 (59.2 p0 p=0. 22.2 (22.23 44.4 (44.4 40.7 (40.74 range07 range=0. range04 59.2 (59. p=0 22. (22.2 44. (44. 40. (40.7 range0 range=0 59. (59 p= (22. (44 (40. range= (5 (22 (4 (40 ( (2

Abstract Some sectors of animal production and reproduction have shown great technological advances due to the development of research areas such as Precision Livestock Farming (PLF). PLF is an innovative approach that allows animals to be monitored, through the adoption of cutting-edge technologies that continuously collect real-time data by combining the use of sensors with advanced algorithms to provide decision tools for farmers. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a field that merges computer science and large datasets to create expert systems that are able to generate predictions and classifications similarly to human intelligence. In a simplified manner, Machine Learning (ML) is a branch of AI, and can be considered as a broader field that encompasses Deep Learning (DL, a Neural Network formed by at least three layers), generating a hierarchy of subsets formed by AI, ML and DL, respectively. Both ML and DL provide innovative methods for analyzing data, especially beneficial for large datasets commonly found in livestock-related activities. These approaches enable the extraction of valuable insights to address issues related to behavior, health, reproduction, production, and the environment, facilitating informed decision-making. In order to create the referred technologies, studies generally go through five steps involving data processing: acquisition, transferring, storage, analysis and delivery of results. Although the data collection and analysis steps are usually thoroughly reported by the scientific community, a good execution of each step is essential to achieve good and credible results, which impacts the degree of acceptance of the proposed technologies in real life practical circumstances. In this context, the present work aims to describe an overview of the current implementations of ML/DL in livestock reproduction and production, as well to identify potential challenges and critical points in each of the five steps mentioned, which can affect results and application of AI techniques by farmers in practical situations. PLF. . (PLF) monitored cuttingedge cutting edge realtime time (AI intelligence manner (ML (DL layers, layers , layers) respectively livestockrelated activities behavior health environment decisionmaking. decisionmaking making. making decision-making processing acquisition transferring storage community circumstances context MLDL mentioned situations (PLF

RESUMO O desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso humano compõe uma série de eventos fundamentais e interdependentes envolvendo o nascimento, crescimento e maturação neuronal, além da seleção positiva ou negativa de sinapses desses neurônios que participarão da composição de circuitos neurais essenciais à atividade do sistema nervoso. Nesse contexto, em que o ambiente e as relações sociais parecem ser marcadores relevantes para o neurodesenvolvimento, técnicas avançadas de neuroimagem e ferramentas de avaliação comportamental têm demonstrado alterações em regiões cerebrais e funções cognitivas em crianças que se desenvolvem em ambientes de baixo ou alto nível socioeconômico. Considerando os aspectos mencionados, esta revisão teve como objetivo identificar a importância do status socioeconômico no desenvolvimento cerebral infantil, buscando identificar quais são os impactos desses fatores na formação morfológica e fisiológica do sistema nervoso, permitindo maior compreensão da importância dos fatores ambientais nos processos de neurodesenvolvimento. nascimento neuronal contexto neurodesenvolvimento mencionados infantil

ABSTRACT The development of the human nervous system makes up a series of fundamental and interdependent events involving birth, growth, and neuronal maturation, in addition to the positive or negative selection of synapses of these neurons that will participate in the composition of neural circuits essential to the activity of the nervous system. In this context, where environment and social relationships seem to be relevant markers for neurodevelopment, advanced neuroimaging techniques and behavioral assessment tools have demonstrated alterations in brain regions and cognitive functions among children developing in low or high socioeconomic status environments. Considering the aspects mentioned, this review aimed to identify the importance of socioeconomic status in children’s brain development, seeking to identify what are the impacts of these factors on the morphological and physiological formation of the nervous system, allowing a greater understanding of the importance of environmental factors in neurodevelopmental processes. birth growth maturation context neurodevelopment environments mentioned childrens s processes

Resumo Objetivos Avaliar a correlação entre as alterações radiológicas (Pfirrmann e Modic) e a intensidade da dor radicular em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia endoscópica transforaminal para hérnia de disco lombar. Métodos Uma sequência de casos com 39 pacientes, 50 discos intervertebrais em avaliação pré-operatória, no período de 29 de janeiro de 2018 a 28 de agosto de 2019, no serviço de cirurgia endoscópica da coluna vertebral. Os dados demográficos, indicação cirúrgica, detalhes operatórios e complicações foram todos obtidos junto aos prontuários clínicos. Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos, com base na classificação Modic (ausência de Modic, Modic 1 e Modic 2) e em dois grupos, considerando a classificação de Pfirrmann (Pfirrmann IV e Pfirrmann V). Os dados foram processados no software IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, versão 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, EUA), com nível de significância de p <0,05. Resultados Não houve diferença entre os gêneros; idade: 50,36 ± 15,05 anos; nível da doença: L2-L3 1 (2%), L3-L4 2 (4%), L4-L5 9 (18%), L5-S1 8 (16%), L3-L4 + L4-L5 4 (8%), e L4-L5 + L5-S1 26 (52%); localização: foraminal direito em 7 pacientes (14%), foraminal esquerdo em 15 pacientes (30%), central em 9 pacientes (18%), e difuso em 19 pacientes (38%); dor radicular: esquerda em 25 pacientes (50%), direita em 11 pacientes (22%), e bilateral em 14 pacientes (28%); escala visual analógica (EVA) pré-operatório: 9,5 ± 0,91, pós-operatório: 2,5 ± 1,79; tempo cirúrgico: 100 ± 31,36 minutos; e acompanhamento de 8,4 ± 6,7 meses. Foi registrada menos dor ciática pós-operatória nos grupos Modic 2 versus Modic 1 (p< 0,05). Não houve diferença na dor radicular pós-operatória entre os grupos Pfirrmann (IV versus V). Conclusão Embora não exista diferença clínica entre os grupos, em estágios avançados da degeneração discal, a discectomia transforaminal endoscópica mostrou-se eficaz na redução da dor radicular em pacientes com hérnia de disco lombar.

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the correlation between radiologic changes (Pfirrmann and Modic) and radicular pain intensity in patients who underwent transforaminal endoscopic surgery for lumbar disc herniation. Methods Series of cases with 39 patients, 50 intervertebral discs in preoperative evaluation from January 29, 2018 to August 28, 2019 in an endoscopic spine surgery service. Demographic data, surgical indication, operative details and complications were obtained from medical records. The patients were divided into three groups based on the Modic classification (Modic absence, Modic 1 and Modic 2) and into two groups considering the Pfirrmann classification (Pfirrmann IV and Pfirrmann V). Data were processed in IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), with a significance level of p< 0,05. Results There was no difference between genders; age: 50,36 ± 15,05 years old; disease level: L2-L3 1 (2%), L3-L4 2 (4%), L4-L5 9 (18%), L5-S1 8 (16%), L3-L4 + L4-L5 4 (8%), and L4-L5 + L5-S1 26 (52%); location: right foraminal 7 (14%), left foraminal 15 (30%), central 9 (18%) and diffuse 19 (38%); radicular pain: left 25 (50%), right 11 (22%), and bilateral 14 (28%); preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS): 9,5 ± 0,91, postoperative: 2,5 ± 1,79; surgery duration: 100 ± 31,36 minutes; and follow-up: 8,4 ± 6,7 months. Less postoperative sciatica was registered in the Modic 2 versus Modic 1 group (p< 0,05). There was no difference in the postoperative radicular pain between the Pfirrmann groups (IV versus V). Conclusion Although there is no clinical difference between the groups, in advanced stages of disc degeneration, endoscopic transforaminal discectomy proved to be effective in diminishing radicular pain in patients with lumbar disc herniation.

Descrevemos como a organização do sistema de saúde é afetada pelas características da várzea amazônica. Elegemos uma região a oeste do estado do Amazonas que bem caracteriza esse cenário. Entrevistamos gestores de saúde e mapeamos os trajetos percorridos pelos usuários para acessar a rede sanitária. Municípios menores são extremamente dependentes da rede de serviço do polo regional e da capital estadual. O transporte de usuários, à exceção de emergências, é feito por via fluvial com maior tempo e maior custo em relação à via terrestre. O ciclo vazante-cheia também interfere no tempo, no custo e nos agravos prevalentes. Identificamos alguns pontos de tensão entre o instituído normativamente para conformação das regiões de saúde e a realidade regional. Promover saúde na Amazônia passa inevitavelmente pela adaptação e pela resiliência do sistema de saúde no diálogo com as características do território e dos fluxos dos usuários.

This article describes how the characteristics of the Amazon floodplain affect the organization of local health systems. We chose a region in the west of the state of Amazonas which is characteristic of this situation. We interviewed local health managers and mapped the routes taken by users to access health services. Smaller municipalities are extremely dependent on services in the regional hub and capital of the state. Patients, except emergency patients, are transported via waterways, resulting in longer travel times and higher costs than land routes. The seasonal flooding cycle also affects travel times, costs and prevalent health problems. We identified some points of tension between the rules and regulations governing the configuration of local health regions and the regional reality. Promoting health in the Amazon inevitably requires the health system to adapt and be resilient to local geographical characteristics and patient flows.

Describimos cómo la organización del sistema de salud se ve afectada por las características de la vega amazónica. Elegimos una región del oeste del Estado de Amazonas que caracteriza bien ese escenario. Entrevistamos a gestores de salud y mapeamos los trayectos recorridos por los usuarios para tener acceso a la red sanitaria. Los municipios menores son extremadamente dependientes de la red de servicio del polo regional y de la capital del estado. El transporte de usuarios, a no ser en casos de emergencia, se realiza por vía fluvial con mayor tiempo y costo con relación a la vía terrestre. El ciclo subida y bajada de las aguas también interfiere en el tiempo, costos y problemas prevalentes. Identificamos algunos puntos de tensión entre lo instituido normativamente para conformación de las regiones de salud y la realidad regional. La promoción de la salud en la Amazonia pasa inevitablemente por la adaptación y resiliencia del sistema de salud en el diálogo con las características del territorio y de los flujos de los usuarios.

Resumo A taxa de câmbio pode ser um fator determinante na demanda turística e alterar a competitividade da oferta do trade turístico. O objetivo deste estudo é mensurar a dependência entre a demanda turística internacional e a taxa de câmbio no Brasil. Investigações empíricas dessa relação, pesquisadas há décadas, são relativamente recentes com o uso de modelos cópula-GARCH, na literatura mundial. Este estudo é realizado com dados mensais das taxas de câmbio e do número de chegadas internacionais da Argentina, Estados Unidos e Alemanha, entre 1999 e 2018. Os dados passam por um processo inicial de modelagam de suas distribuições marginais, por meio de modelos ARMA-GARCH, devido sua dependência temporal, e posteriormente, seus os resíduos são utilizados no processo de estimação das cópulas, de onde são extraídas as medidas de associação. Os resultados indicam que a variação da taxa de câmbio não está diretamente associada ao número de chegadas de turistas vindos da Alemanha e dos Estados Unidos. Entretanto, para a Argentina, o resultado da medida de correlação foi negativo e estatisticamente significativo, indicando uma fraca associação entre as variáveis. Esse sinal indica que quando a moeda local se desvaloriza em relação à moeda brasileira, o número de chegadas diminui. As conclusões deste estudo podem ajudar gestores de organizações turísticas a compreender a relação entre câmbio e demanda turística internacional no Brasil.

Abstract The exchange rate can be a determining factor in tourist demand and it can change the tourism trade's competitiveness. This study aims to measure the dependence between international tourist demand and the exchange rate in Brazil. Empirical investigations of this relation, using the copula-GARCH model, are relatively recent in the world literature. The application is carried out with monthly data on exchange rates and international arrivals from Argentina, the United States, and Germany, between 1999 and 2018. The results indicate that the exchange rate variation is not directly associated with the number of tourist arrivals from Germany and the United States. However, for Argentina, the correlation measure was negative and statistically significant, indicating a weak association between the variables. This indicates that when the local currency depreciates against the Brazilian currency, the number of arrivals decreases. This study's conclusions can help managers of tourist organizations understand the relationship between foreign exchange and international tourist demand in Brazil.

Resumen El cambio puede ser un factor determinante en la demanda turística y cambiar la competitividad de la oferta comercial turística. El objetivo de este estudio es medir la dependencia entre la demanda turística internacional y el tipo de cambio en Brasil. Las investigaciones empíricas de esta relación, utilizando el modelo cópula-GARCH, son relativamente recientes en la literatura mundial. La aplicación se realiza con datos mensuales sobre tipos de cambio y el número de llegadas internacionales de Argentina, Estados Unidos y Alemania, entre 1999 y 2018. Los resultados indican que la variación del tipo de cambio no está directamente asociada con el número de llegadas de turistas desde Alemania y Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, para Argentina, el resultado de la medida de correlación fue negativo y estadísticamente significativo, lo que indica una asociación débil entre las variables. Esto indica que cuando la moneda local se deprecia frente a la moneda brasileña, el número de llegadas disminuye. Las conclusiones de este estudio pueden ayudar a los gerentes de las organizaciones turísticas a comprender la relación entre las divisas y la demanda turística internacional en Brasil.

This article describes how the characteristics of the Amazon floodplain affect the organization of local health systems. We chose a region in the west of the state of Amazonas which is characteristic of this situation. We interviewed local health managers and mapped the routes taken by users to access health services. Smaller municipalities are extremely dependent on services in the regional hub and capital of the state. Patients, except emergency patients, are transported via waterways, resulting in longer travel times and higher costs than land routes. The seasonal flooding cycle also affects travel times, costs and prevalent health problems. We identified some points of tension between the rules and regulations governing the configuration of local health regions and the regional reality. Promoting health in the Amazon inevitably requires the health system to adapt and be resilient to local geographical characteristics and patient flows.

Descrevemos como a organização do sistema de saúde é afetada pelas características da várzea amazônica. Elegemos uma região a oeste do estado do Amazonas que bem caracteriza esse cenário. Entrevistamos gestores de saúde e mapeamos os trajetos percorridos pelos usuários para acessar a rede sanitária. Municípios menores são extremamente dependentes da rede de serviço do polo regional e da capital estadual. O transporte de usuários, à exceção de emergências, é feito por via fluvial com maior tempo e maior custo em relação à via terrestre. O ciclo vazante-cheia também interfere no tempo, no custo e nos agravos prevalentes. Identificamos alguns pontos de tensão entre o instituído normativamente para conformação das regiões de saúde e a realidade regional. Promover saúde na Amazônia passa inevitavelmente pela adaptação e pela resiliência do sistema de saúde no diálogo com as características do território e dos fluxos dos usuários.

Describimos cómo la organización del sistema de salud se ve afectada por las características de la vega amazónica. Elegimos una región del oeste del Estado de Amazonas que caracteriza bien ese escenario. Entrevistamos a gestores de salud y mapeamos los trayectos recorridos por los usuarios para tener acceso a la red sanitaria. Los municipios menores son extremadamente dependientes de la red de servicio del polo regional y de la capital del estado. El transporte de usuarios, a no ser en casos de emergencia, se realiza por vía fluvial con mayor tiempo y costo con relación a la vía terrestre. El ciclo subida y bajada de las aguas también interfiere en el tiempo, costos y problemas prevalentes. Identificamos algunos puntos de tensión entre lo instituido normativamente para conformación de las regiones de salud y la realidad regional. La promoción de la salud en la Amazonia pasa inevitablemente por la adaptación y resiliencia del sistema de salud en el diálogo con las características del territorio y de los flujos de los usuarios.

Abstract An extraordinary moment of agricultural modernization is currently underway due to innovations in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). In this process, management precepts are renewed, fostering significant gains in efficiency, productivity, and sustainable use of natural resources and the environment. The growing supply of ICTs and the extension of connectivity in rural areas, with their transforming roles in productive practices and economic relations, bring about questions regarding their impacts. These technologies include precision positioning systems and large volume databases, electronic sensors of site-specific production and environmental conditions, repositories of relational data, statistical and crop forecasting software, methodologies and processes; web-based information services, among others. The assessment of impacts focused on ICTs for agriculture needs innovative approaches, due to the peculiarities of their applications, the different scales of their socioenvironmental scopes and, at the same time, the verification of effectiveness of institutional investments on research, development, and innovation (RD&I). Based on these premises, the objectives of this work are to present a ‘module of impact indicators for Information and Communication Technologies (Ambitec-TICs)’, and assess its application to six typical technology adoption cases resulting from agricultural RD&I projects. The results detail critical analyses of the contributions of the proposed module for the registration, interpretation, and communication of impacts, with recommendations for technology transfer and accountability in institutional Social Balance documentation.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prospective capacity and impact of donor risk index, preallocation survival outcomes following liver transplant, donor model for end-stage liver disease, and balance of risk on patients’ 30-day survival after liver transplantation. METHODS: We prospectively analyzed patient survival in a multicentric observational cohort of adult liver transplantation through the year of 2019 at the state of Paraná, Brazil. The receiver operating characteristic curve, the area under the curve, and the best cutoff point (i.e., the Youden’s index) were estimated to analyze the prognostic value of each index. RESULTS: In total, 252 liver transplants were included with an average model for end-stage liver disease score of 21.17 and a 30-day survival of 79.76%. The donor risk index was the only prognostic variable with no relation to patients’ 30-day mortality model for end-stage liver disease and donor model for end-stage liver disease have no prognostic value on receiver operating characteristic curve, but preallocation survival outcomes following liver transplant, survival outcomes following liver transplant, and balance of risk presented good relationship with this observation. The cutoff value was estimated in 11-12 points for balance of risk and 9-12 for preallocation survival outcomes following liver transplant and survival outcomes following liver transplant. The 30-day survival for the group of transplants with scores up to 12 points (n=172) in all the three indexes was 87.79%, and for those transplants with scores higher than 12 it was 36.36%. CONCLUSIONS: The 30-day survival is 79.76%, and balance of risk, survival outcomes following liver transplant, and preallocation survival outcomes following liver transplant are the good prognostic indexes. The cutoff value of 12 points has clinical usefulness to predict the post-liver transplantation results.

RESUMO. Considerando a variedade de mecanismos de contaminação pelo vírus Herpes simplex (HSV-1) e seu amplo potencial invasivo do sistema nervoso, uma infecção latente por toda a vida é estabelecida. Indivíduos adultos infectados podem ser suscetíveis à reativação viral quando estão sob a influência de múltiplos estressores, principalmente em pacientes imunocomprometidos. Esse fator orienta uma série de eventos neuroinflamatórios no córtex cerebral, culminando, raramente, em encefalite e edema cerebral citotóxico/vasogênico. Um somatório de estudos desses processos fornece uma explanação, embora ainda não totalmente esclarecida, de como a evolução clínica para déficit cognitivo e demência pode ser possibilitada. Além disso, é de extrema importância reconhecer o panorama mundial atual da demência e do déficit cognitivo. O objetivo da presente revisão de literatura é elucidar os dados disponíveis sobre a fisiopatologia da infecção pelo HSV-1, assim como descrever o panorama clínico das referidas afecções.

ABSTRACT. Considering the variety of mechanisms of Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) contamination and its broad invasive potential of the nervous system, a life-long latent infection is established. Infected adult individuals may be susceptible to viral reactivation when under the influence of multiple stressors, especially regarding immunocompromised patients. This guides a series of neuroinflammatory events on the cerebral cortex, culminating, rarely, in encephalitis and cytotoxic / vasogenic brain edema. A sum of studies of such processes provides an explanation, even though not yet completely clarified, on how the clinical evolution to cognitive impairment and dementia might be enabled. In addition, it is of extreme importance to recognize the current dementia and cognitive deficit worldwide panorama. The aim of this literature review is to elucidate the available data upon the pathophysiology of HSV-1 infection as well as to describe the clinical panorama of the referred afflictions.

Resumo As gridshells são estruturas leves, que permitem a obtenção de grandes vãos livres, além de uma ampla variedade de formas arquitetônicas. No entanto, no Brasil, não existem registros da construção desse tipo de estrutura (em caráter permanente) nem muitas informações bibliográficas sobre o seu comportamento estrutural. Neste manuscrito, são apresentados os principais aspectos teóricos, como também os detalhes de projeto e de construção de uma gridshell, construída em madeira, em escala real. Os custos de construção também foram relacionados neste caso. Na confecção da estrutura utilizou-se uma configuração de malha quadrangular plana, formada por ripas duplas de madeira de Lyptus (Classe D40), unidas ortogonalmente entre si por parafusos com diâmetro de 6,35 mm. A malha plana (com dimensões totais de 9 m x 9 m) foi deformada até a obtenção da forma curva desejada e, posteriormente, travada por contraventamentos diagonais. A bagagem de conhecimento adquirida como resultado dessa aplicação prática levou a um aperfeiçoamento significativo da ideia de projeto inicial, relacionada ao controle da forma da estrutura durante as fases de montagem e à otimização das estratégias executivas. As recomendações de construção aqui apresentadas enriquecerão a literatura nacional sobre o assunto tendo-se em vista a carência de textos dessa natureza.

Abstract Gridshells are light structures that allow the obtention of large spans, as well as the use of a wide variety of architectural shapes. However, in Brazil, there are no records of the construction of this type of structure, neither literature available on this type of structural composition. This paper presents the main theoretical aspects, as well as design and construction details of a gridshell built in wood in real scale. The construction costs are also reported. The structure was built by using a quadrangular flat mesh configuration, formed by double slatted Lyptus wood (Class D40), joined orthogonally, using 6.35 mm diameter screws. The plane mesh (with total dimensions of 9 m x 9 m) was bent until the desired curve was achieved. The system was subsequently locked by diagonal bracing elements. The knowledge obtained through this practical application led to a significant improvement in the original design idea related to controlling the shape of the structure during the building phase and the the optimisation of the executing strategies. The building recommendations presented in this paper will be a contribution to the scarce literature on the subject currently available in Brazil.

Abstract The site of the sinus tract depends on the rate of resistance against abscess exudate drainage, bone morphology, and distance from the root apex to the outer cortical bone. Objective To assess apical bone thickness in buccal and palatal/lingual aspects of maxillary and mandibular teeth, using a high-resolution cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) system. Methodology In total, 422 CBCT examinations were included in the study, resulting in a sample of 1400 teeth. The scans were acquired by PreXion 3D, with a high-resolution protocol. The bone thickness was taken as the distance between the center of the apical foramen and the buccal and lingual/palatal cortical bone. The quantitative variables were expressed as mean values±standard deviation. The independent samples were analyzed using the t-test or the Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05). Results The lowest mean value of bone thickness was observed in the buccal cortical bone of the upper canines (1.49 mm±0.86) and in the upper central incisors (1.59 mm±0.67). In premolar teeth, the lowest values were found in the buccal cortical bone of upper first premolars (1.13 mm±0.68). In the posterior teeth, the lowest values were found in the buccal cortical bone of upper first molars (1.98 mm±1.33). In the lower second molar region, the buccal cortical bone (8.36 mm±1.84) was thicker than the lingual cortical bone (2.95 mm±1.16) (p<0.05). Conclusions The lowest mean values of bone thickness are in the buccal cortical bone of the maxillary teeth. In the mandible, bone thickness is thinner in the buccal bone around the anterior and premolar teeth, and in the lingual aspect of mandibular molars. All these anatomic characteristics could make the occurrence of the sinus tract more susceptible in these specific regions of the maxillary and mandibular alveolar bone.