RESUMO Objetivo: Explorar a relação entre diferentes padrões de multimorbidade e o uso de medicamentos para dormir em mulheres. Métodos: Estudo transversal de base populacional com 1.128 mulheres (20–69 anos) no Sul do Brasil. Dados sobre medicamentos para dormir foram obtidos por meio da pergunta "Você toma/usa algum medicamento para conseguir dormir?" e identificados pela Classificação Anatômica Terapêutica e Química. Os padrões de multimorbidade foram derivados pela Análise de Componentes Principais de 26 condições crônicas e dois parâmetros de obesidade (≥30 kg/m2; ≥40 kg/m2). A associação foi analisada por regressão de Poisson com variância robusta utilizando diferentes modelos de ajuste, estratificados por idade. Resultados: Foram derivados três padrões de multimorbidade: cardiometabólico, endócrino-articular e psicossomático. A estratificação etária mostrou mudança de efeito na relação investigada. Mulheres com idade inferior a 45 anos e alto escore nos padrões cardiometabólico e endócrino-articular tiveram cerca de duas vezes mais probabilidade de usar medicamentos para dormir [razão de prevalência (RP) 1,85, intervalo de confiança (IC) 95% 1,09–3,12; RP 2,04, IC95% 1,18–3,51, respectivamente]. Aquelas com padrão psicossomático tiveram cerca de cinco vezes mais probabilidade (RP 4,91, IC95% 3,00–8,04). Conclusões: O estudo forneceu as primeiras evidências sobre a associação investigada e demonstrou que mulheres jovens (<45 anos) com alto escore dos padrões identificados têm até cinco vezes mais probabilidade de usar medicamentos para dormir, configurando uso precoce. Essa constatação inédita sugere a necessidade de maior promoção da saúde dos jovens e de ações de conscientização sobre os riscos e da indicação clara do uso de medicamentos para dormir. Objetivo Métodos 1128 1 128 1.12 20–69 2069 20 69 (20–6 Brasil Você tomausa toma usa dormir? Química 2 ≥30 30 (≥3 kg/m2 kgm2 kgm kg m2 m 40 ≥4 kg/m2. . kg/m2) ajuste Resultados endócrinoarticular endócrino articular 4 razão 185 85 1,85 IC (IC 95 1,09–3,12 109312 09 3 12 204 04 2,04 IC95 118351 18 51 1,18–3,51 respectivamente. respectivamente respectivamente] 491 91 4,91 3,00–8,04. 300804 3,00–8,04 00 8 3,00–8,04) Conclusões <45 (<4 precoce 112 1.1 20–6 206 6 (20– ≥3 (≥ kg/m ≥ 1,8 9 1,09–3,1 10931 0 2,0 IC9 11835 5 1,18–3,5 49 4,9 30080 3,00–8,0 <4 (< 11 1. 20– (20 ( 1, 1,09–3, 1093 2, 1183 1,18–3, 4, 3008 3,00–8, < (2 1,09–3 109 118 1,18–3 300 3,00–8 1,09– 10 1,18– 3,00– 1,09 1,18 3,00 1,0 1,1 3,0 3,

ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the relationship between different patterns of multimorbidity and the use of sleeping medications in women. Methods: Population-based cross-sectional study with 1,128 women (aged 20–69 years) in Southern Brazil. Data on sleeping medications were obtained from the question "Do you take/use any medication to be able to sleep?" and identified by the Anatomical Therapeutic and Chemical classification. Multimorbidity patterns were derived by the Principal Component Analysis of 26 chronic conditions and two obesity parameters (≥30 kg/m2; ≥40 kg/m2). The association was analyzed by Poisson regression with robust variance using different adjustment models, stratified by age. Results: Three multimorbidity patterns were derived: cardiometabolic, endocrine-articular, and psychosomatic. Age stratification showed a change in effect in the relationship investigated. Women under 45 years and high score of cardiometabolic and endocrine-articular patterns were about twice as likely to use sleeping medications [prevalence ratio (PR) 1.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–3.12; PR 2.04, 95%CI 1.18–3.51, respectively]. Those with psychosomatic pattern were around five times more likely [PR 4.91, 95%CI 3.00–8.04]. Conclusions: The study provided the first evidence on the association researched and demonstrated that young women (<45 years) with a high score of the identified patterns are up to five times more likely to use sleeping medications, configuring early use. This unprecedented finding suggests the need for greater health promotion for young adults and actions to raise awareness about risks and the clear indication of the use of sleeping medications. Objective Methods Populationbased Population based crosssectional cross sectional 1128 1 128 1,12 aged 2069 20 69 20–6 Brazil Do takeuse take sleep sleep? classification 2 ≥30 30 (≥3 kg/m2 kgm2 kgm kg m2 m 40 ≥4 kg/m2. . kg/m2) models age Results endocrinearticular, endocrinearticular endocrine articular, articular investigated 4 prevalence (PR 185 85 1.85 95 CI (CI 1.09–3.12 109312 09 3 12 204 04 2.04 95CI 118351 18 51 1.18–3.51 respectively. respectively respectively] 491 91 4.91 3.00–8.04. 300804 3.00–8.04 00 8 3.00–8.04] Conclusions <45 (<4 112 1,1 206 6 20– ≥3 (≥ kg/m ≥ 1.8 9 1.09–3.1 10931 0 2.0 11835 5 1.18–3.5 49 4.9 30080 3.00–8.0 <4 (< 11 1, ( 1. 1.09–3. 1093 2. 1183 1.18–3. 4. 3008 3.00–8. < 1.09–3 109 118 1.18–3 300 3.00–8 1.09– 10 1.18– 3.00– 1.09 1.18 3.00 1.0 1.1 3.0 3.

ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the relationship between different patterns of multimorbidity and the use of sleeping medications in women. Methods: Population-based cross-sectional study with 1,128 women (aged 20–69 years) in Southern Brazil. Data on sleeping medications were obtained from the question "Do you take/use any medication to be able to sleep?" and identified by the Anatomical Therapeutic and Chemical classification. Multimorbidity patterns were derived by the Principal Component Analysis of 26 chronic conditions and two obesity parameters (≥30 kg/m2; ≥40 kg/m2). The association was analyzed by Poisson regression with robust variance using different adjustment models, stratified by age. Results: Three multimorbidity patterns were derived: cardiometabolic, endocrine-articular, and psychosomatic. Age stratification showed a change in effect in the relationship investigated. Women under 45 years and high score of cardiometabolic and endocrine-articular patterns were about twice as likely to use sleeping medications [prevalence ratio (PR) 1.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–3.12; PR 2.04, 95%CI 1.18–3.51, respectively]. Those with psychosomatic pattern were around five times more likely [PR 4.91, 95%CI 3.00–8.04]. Conclusions: The study provided the first evidence on the association researched and demonstrated that young women (<45 years) with a high score of the identified patterns are up to five times more likely to use sleeping medications, configuring early use. This unprecedented finding suggests the need for greater health promotion for young adults and actions to raise awareness about risks and the clear indication of the use of sleeping medications.

RESUMO Objetivo: Explorar a relação entre diferentes padrões de multimorbidade e o uso de medicamentos para dormir em mulheres. Métodos: Estudo transversal de base populacional com 1.128 mulheres (20–69 anos) no Sul do Brasil. Dados sobre medicamentos para dormir foram obtidos por meio da pergunta "Você toma/usa algum medicamento para conseguir dormir?" e identificados pela Classificação Anatômica Terapêutica e Química. Os padrões de multimorbidade foram derivados pela Análise de Componentes Principais de 26 condições crônicas e dois parâmetros de obesidade (≥30 kg/m2; ≥40 kg/m2). A associação foi analisada por regressão de Poisson com variância robusta utilizando diferentes modelos de ajuste, estratificados por idade. Resultados: Foram derivados três padrões de multimorbidade: cardiometabólico, endócrino-articular e psicossomático. A estratificação etária mostrou mudança de efeito na relação investigada. Mulheres com idade inferior a 45 anos e alto escore nos padrões cardiometabólico e endócrino-articular tiveram cerca de duas vezes mais probabilidade de usar medicamentos para dormir [razão de prevalência (RP) 1,85, intervalo de confiança (IC) 95% 1,09–3,12; RP 2,04, IC95% 1,18–3,51, respectivamente]. Aquelas com padrão psicossomático tiveram cerca de cinco vezes mais probabilidade (RP 4,91, IC95% 3,00–8,04). Conclusões: O estudo forneceu as primeiras evidências sobre a associação investigada e demonstrou que mulheres jovens (<45 anos) com alto escore dos padrões identificados têm até cinco vezes mais probabilidade de usar medicamentos para dormir, configurando uso precoce. Essa constatação inédita sugere a necessidade de maior promoção da saúde dos jovens e de ações de conscientização sobre os riscos e da indicação clara do uso de medicamentos para dormir.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify multimorbidity patterns in women in southern Brazil, and its relationship with sociodemographic, lifestyle characteristics, and nutritional status, as well as to explore the main independent risk factor for the identified patterns. Subjects and methods: This is a cross-sectional, population-based study with 1,128 women (20-69 years), southern Brazil. Chronic conditions were identified using the therapeutic and chemical anatomical classification of continuous use of medications. Multimorbidity was assessed as ≥2 or ≥3 chronic conditions to identify dyads and triads. Poisson regression was used to explore risk factors in the different adjustment models. As independent variables evaluated, in addition to sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle variables were included: consumption of fruits and vegetables, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking and nutritional status. Results: Eleven dyads (frequencies between 2.0% and 6.4%) and three triads (frequencies between 1.9% and 2.1%) of morbidities were identified in the study. Aging was related to a higher prevalence of all patterns, and obesity was a risk factor for multimorbidity patterns that contained conditions related to the cardiovascular and metabolic system and mental health. After adjustment, obesity increased the probability of “hypertension + common mental disorders (CMD)” (PR 3.63; 95% CI 1.94-6.78) and “dyslipidemia + CMD” (PR 3.69; 95% CI 1.08-12.65) by more than three times. Conclusion: This study identified common and important diseases in the patterns, associated with a common risk factor, obesity, that must be addressed by public health policies to prevent multimorbidity. Objective Brazil characteristics status methods crosssectional, crosssectional cross sectional, sectional cross-sectional populationbased population based 1128 1 128 1,12 2069 20 69 (20-6 years, years , years) medications 2 ≥ 3 models evaluated included vegetables activity Results frequencies 0 2.0 6.4% 64 6 4 19 9 1.9 2.1% 21 hypertension CMD (CMD) PR 3.63 363 63 95 1.946.78 194678 1.94 6.78 94 78 1.94-6.78 dyslipidemia 3.69 369 1.0812.65 1081265 1.08 12.65 08 12 65 1.08-12.65 times Conclusion 112 1,1 206 (20- 2. 6.4 1. 2.1 (CMD 3.6 36 946 1.946.7 19467 194 678 6.7 7 1.94-6.7 0812 1.0812.6 108126 108 1.0 1265 12.6 1.08-12.6 11 1, (20 6. 3. 1.946. 1946 67 1.94-6. 081 1.0812. 10812 10 126 12. 1.08-12. (2 1.946 1.94-6 1.0812 1081 1.08-12 ( 1.94- 1.081 1.08-1 1.08-

Resumo Objetivo Investigar a prevalência de síndrome pré-menstrual (SPM) e do transtorno disfórico pré-menstrual (TDPM) em alunas universitárias, os fatores associados à SPM, os sintomasmais prevalentes e a interferência dos sintomas nas atividades acadêmicas, familiares, sociais e de trabalho. Métodos Este estudo transversal incluiu 1.115 estudantes universitárias ≥18 anos da Universidade de Rio Verde, Goiás. Síndrome pré-menstrual e TDPM foram identificados por meio do Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool. As associações com fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentais, reprodutivos, nutricionais e de saúde foram investigadas utilizando-se a regressão de Poisson. Resultados A prevalência de SPM foi de 46,9% (intervalo de confiança [IC] de 95% 44,0-49,8) e de TDPM, 11,1% (IC 95% 9,3-13,0). Os sintomas mais prevalentes foram físicos, como sensibilidade mamária, distensão abdominal e ganho de peso (73%); seguidos por psicológicos, como comer demais/desejos por comida, chorar/mais sensível à rejeição (> 60%). Mais de 30% relataram que os sintomas interferiam de forma moderada a grave em suas atividades sociais e acadêmicas. Após análise ajustada, a SPM foi mais prevalente naquelas que estava cursando o 1°/2° semestre da faculdade (razão de prevalência [RP] 1,44; IC 95% 1,14-1,80), as que haviam consumido álcool nos últimos 30 dias (RP 1,23; IC 95% 1,04-1,47), e as que tinha depressão (RP 1,49; IC 95% 1,30-1,71). Conclusão Quase metade das universitárias tinha SPM e cerca de 11%, TDPM. Os sintomas físicos foram os mais comuns e interferiram de forma moderada a grave em vários aspectos da vida. Frequentar os primeiros semestres, consumir álcool e ter depressão foram fatores de risco para SPM. A identificação dos fatores de risco para a SPM é essencial para prevenir os sintomas e reduzir o impacto da síndrome.

Abstract Objective To investigate the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in university students, the factors associated with PMS, the most prevalent symptoms, and the interference of symptoms in academic, family, social, and work activities. Methods This cross-sectional study included 1,115 university students aged ≥ 18 years from the University of Rio Verde, Goiás. Premenstrual syndrome and PMDD were identified using the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool. Associations with sociodemographic, behavioral, reproductive, nutritional, and health factors were investigated using the Poisson regression. Results The prevalence of PMS was 46.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 44.0-49.8), and of PMDD, 11.1% (95% CI 9.3-13.0). The most prevalent symptoms were physical, such as breast tenderness, bloating, e weight gain (73%); followed by psychological ones such as overeating/food cravings, tearful/more sensitive to rejection (> 60%). More than 30% of the patients reported that the symptoms interfered in a moderate-tosevere way in their social and academic activities. After adjusted analysis, PMS was more prevalent in those who were attending the 1st/2nd semester of college (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.44; 95% CI 1.14-1.80), those who consumed alcohol in the last 30 days (PR 1.23; 95% CI 1.04-1.47), and those who had depression (PR 1.49; 95% CI 1.30-1.71). Conclusion Almost half of the university students had PMS and ~ 11%, PMDD. Physical symptoms were themost common and interfered in amoderate-to-severe way in various aspects of life. Attending the first semesters, consuming alcohol, and having depression were risk factors for PMS. The identification of risk factors for PMS is essential to prevent symptoms and reduce the impact of the syndrome.

ABSTRACT: Objective: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of multimorbidity and its associated factors in women in southern Brazil. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based study with a sample of 1,128 women (age 20–69 years), living in São Leopoldo, southern Brazil. Multimorbidity was defined as two or more chronic conditions measured using the therapeutic and chemical anatomical classification of continuous use medications prescribed by a physician. Poisson regression model with robust variance was used to assess the association between sociodemographic and lifestyle variables and multimorbidity. Results: The prevalence of multimorbidity was 21.7% (95%CI 19.3–24.2), and 26 chronic conditions were identified. A direct linear association was observed with age and income and an inverse association with education. Being unemployed was a risk factor for multimorbidity (PR 1.95; 95%CI 1.51–2.52). Alcohol consumption (moderate or excessive) had a protective effect. Overweight and obese women were 53% (PR 1.53; 95%CI 1.09–2.15) and 76% (PR 1.76; 95%CI 1.27–2.45) more likely to have multimorbidity than eutrophic women. Conclusion: Over 20% of the adult women had multimorbidity, and its occurrence was strongly associated with socioeconomic characteristics, such as fewer years of schooling, higher income, and not having an occupation. The results regarding alcohol consumption are still insufficient to propose a public policy for the prevention of multimorbidity. Excess weight was an independent risk factor and should be addressed in public health policies for the prevention and management of multimorbidity.

ABSTRACT: Objective: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of multimorbidity and its associated factors in women in southern Brazil. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based study with a sample of 1,128 women (age 20–69 years), living in São Leopoldo, southern Brazil. Multimorbidity was defined as two or more chronic conditions measured using the therapeutic and chemical anatomical classification of continuous use medications prescribed by a physician. Poisson regression model with robust variance was used to assess the association between sociodemographic and lifestyle variables and multimorbidity. Results: The prevalence of multimorbidity was 21.7% (95%CI 19.3–24.2), and 26 chronic conditions were identified. A direct linear association was observed with age and income and an inverse association with education. Being unemployed was a risk factor for multimorbidity (PR 1.95; 95%CI 1.51–2.52). Alcohol consumption (moderate or excessive) had a protective effect. Overweight and obese women were 53% (PR 1.53; 95%CI 1.09–2.15) and 76% (PR 1.76; 95%CI 1.27–2.45) more likely to have multimorbidity than eutrophic women. Conclusion: Over 20% of the adult women had multimorbidity, and its occurrence was strongly associated with socioeconomic characteristics, such as fewer years of schooling, higher income, and not having an occupation. The results regarding alcohol consumption are still insufficient to propose a public policy for the prevention of multimorbidity. Excess weight was an independent risk factor and should be addressed in public health policies for the prevention and management of multimorbidity.