Abstract: Cardiorespiratory fitness can be assessed by direct, indirect, maximal, and moderate effort, running, cycling, or walking methods. Objective: To predict maximum oxygen consumption (V O2max) from the six-minute walk test in schoolchildren. Patients and Method: 459 students were included, 215 were male and 244 were female, aged 11.9 ± 1.3 years. Basic anthropometry and cardiorespiratory fitness were measured using field tests. Multivariate equations were developed to predict the V O2max using the R® Commander v. 4.2.2 software (p < 0.05). Results: The best model predicting V O2max include distance walked in the six-minute walk test, heart rate recovery, age, height, body weight (V O2max [L-min-1] = - 0.0902 + (- 0.0464 x age) + (0.0002 x distance) + (- 0.0019 x HR) + (0.5843 x height) + (0.0353 x weight), R2 = 0.76; error = 0.25 L-min-1)), and also body mass index (V O2max [L-min-1] = - 0.6152 + (0.0399 x age) + (0.0933 x BMI) + (0.0005 x distance) + (- 0.0022 x HR), R2 = 0.57; error = 0.34 L-min-1)), both with p < 0.001. Conclusions: Cardiorespiratory fitness can be estimated based on basic anthropometry and performance on the six-minute walk test.

Resumen: La aptitud cardiorrespiratoria se puede evaluar con métodos directos, indirectos, de esfuerzo máximo, moderado, por medio de la carrera, bicicleta o caminata. Objetivo: predecir el consumo máximo de oxígeno (V O2máx) a partir de la prueba de caminata de seis minutos en escolares. Pacientes y Método: Participaron 459 estudiantes, 215 hombres y 244 mujeres, edades 11,9 ± 1,3 años, a quienes se les midió antropometría básica y aptitud cardiorrespiratoria con test de campo. Se elaboraron ecuaciones multivariadas para predecir el V O2máx. con el programa R® Commander v. 4.2.2 (p < 0,05). Resultados: Los mejores modelos que predijeron el V O2máx. incorporaron la distancia recorrida en la prueba de caminata de seis minutos, la frecuencia cardíaca de recuperación, edad, estatura, peso corporal (V O2máx. [L-min-1] = - 0,0902 + (-0,0464 x edad) + (0,0002 x distancia) + (-0,0019 x FC) + (0,5843 x estatura) + (0,0353 x peso), R2 = 0,76; error = 0,25 L-min-1)), y también el índice de masa corporal (V O2máx. [L-min-1] = - 0,6152 + (0,0399 x edad) + (0,0933 x IMC) + (0,0005 x distancia) + (- 0,0022 x FC), R2 = 0,57; error = 0,34 L-min-1)) ambos con p < 0,001. Conclusiones: La aptitud cardiorrespiratoria puede ser estimada en base a la antropometría básica y desempeño en la prueba de caminata de seis minutos.

Abstract The growing global consumption of coffee has positioned Colombia as the third largest producer worldwide. However, the processing of coffee beans generates significant by-products, such as mucilage, which is rich in phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity. Inadequate disposal of this waste creates environmental problems and economic losses. This research aimed to develop high-quality coffee mucilage capsules using spray drying technology. Chemically modified banana starch with octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) and commercial maltodextrin were used as coating materials to enhance the properties of the capsules. Physicochemical and functional characterization was performed on samples of fresh and filtered coffee mucilage (MF), concentrated mucilage (MC), concentrated mucilage with the addition of maltodextrin and OSA-modified starch (MCMA), and finally, spraydried coffee mucilage powder (MP). The antioxidant capacity (AC) of the mucilage was evaluated throughout the processing stages. MF showed an AC of 179.2 μmol of trolox/100 g, while the final coffee mucilage powder (MP) showed a significantly higher AC of 5444.35 μmol of trolox/100 g. Additionally, the MP showed a stability index of 0.48, water activity (aw) of 0.19, solubility of 14.64%, and a high water retention capacity of 90.53%. Microscopic analysis revealed amorphous structures with an average size of 29.16 ± 2.12 μm in the MP. These findings highlight the potential of spray drying with food-grade matrices such as OSA-modified banana starch to encapsulate coffee mucilage, preserving its antioxidant capacity and creating a new functional food ingredient with water retention properties.

Resumen El creciente consumo mundial de café ha posicionado a Colombia como el tercer productor más grande a nivel global. Sin embargo, el procesamiento de los granos de café genera subproductos significativos, como el mucílago, una fuente rica en compuestos fenólicos con actividad antioxidante. La eliminación inadecuada de este residuo crea problemas ambientales y pérdidas económicas. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo desarrollar cápsulas de mucílago de café de alta calidad utilizando tecnología de secado por aspersión. Se empleó almidón de plátano modificado químicamente con anhídrido octenil succínico (OSA) y maltodextrina comercial como materiales de recubrimiento para mejorar las propiedades de las cápsulas. Se caracterizaron fisicoquímica y funcionalmente muestras de mucílago de café fresco y filtrado (MF), mucílago concentrado (MC), mucílago concentrado con adición de maltodextrina y almidón modificado con OSA (MCMA) y, finalmente, el polvo de mucílago de café secado por aspersión (MP). La capacidad antioxidante (AC) del mucílago se evaluó a lo largo de las etapas de procesamiento. El MF mostró una AC de 179,2 μmol de trolox/100g, mientras que el polvo final de mucílago de café (MP) mostró una AC significativamente mayor de 5444,35 μmol de trolox/100 g. Además, el MP mostró un índice de estabilidad de 0,48, actividad del agua (aw) de 0,19, solubilidad del 14,64% y una alta capacidad de retención de agua del 90,53%. El análisis microscópico reveló estructuras amorfas con un tamaño promedio de 29,16 ± 2,12 μm en el MP. Estos hallazgos resaltan el potencial del secado por aspersión con matrices de grado alimenticio como el almidón de plátano modificado con OSA para encapsular el mucílago de café, preservando su capacidad antioxidante y creando un nuevo ingrediente alimentario funcional con propiedades de retención de agua.

Resumen Recientemente se ha incrementado el costo de los fertilizantes, lo que afecta la producción de semilla de trigo (Triticum aestivum L), por ello es importante optimizar recursos dentro de los sistemas de producción. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la dosis de fertilización nitrogenada (DN) adecuada para la producción de semilla de trigo, así como su efecto sobre calidad fisiológica de semilla en la región de El Bajío en México. En el ciclo agrícola otoño-invierno 2017-2018 se evaluó la variedad Urbina S2007 en seis localidades de los estados de Guanajuato y Michoacán, México, en combinación con las DN de 0, 60, 120, 180, 240 y 300 kg ha-1. Las variables medidas en campo fueron rendimiento (t ha-1), granos por espiga y espigas por metro cuadrado. En laboratorio se evaluó el vigor de semilla, germinación estándar (%) y longitud de plúmula (cm), como parte de la calidad fisiológica de semilla. Se realizó análisis de varianza combinado a través de localidades en un diseño de bloques completos al azar. El efecto de las DN generó el 70 % de la variabilidad total observada en rendimiento, mientras que una situación diferente se observó en vigor y germinación, donde las localidades aportaron más del 88 % de la variabilidad. El rendimiento y calidad fisiológica de semilla se incrementaron en función de la DN; sin embargo, se observó un punto de inflexión a los 240 kg de N ha-1, lo que sugiere que la aplicación de 240 kg de N ha-1 es la dosis óptima para mejorar el rendimiento de semilla sin deterioro de su calidad fisiológica.

Summary Recently, the cost of fertilizers has increased, which affect the production of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed, so it is important to optimize resources within production systems. The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate dose of nitrogen fertilization (DN) for wheat seed production, as well as its effect on physiological seed quality in the Bajio region of Mexico. In the Autumn-Winter 2017-2018 agricultural cycle the Urbina S2007 variety was evaluated at six locations in the states of Guanajuato and Michoacan, Mexico, in combination with DN of 0, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 kg ha-1. The traits measured in the field were yield (t ha-1), grains per spike and spikes per square meter. In the laboratory, seed vigor, standard germination (%) and plumule length (cm) were evaluated as part of the physiological seed quality. Combined analysis of variance across localities was performed under a randomized complete block design. The effect of DN generated 70 % of the total variability observed in yield, but a different situation was observed in vigor and germination, where localities contributed more than 88% of the variability. Yield and physiological quality of seed increased as a function of DN; however, a turning point was observed at 240 kg N ha-1, suggesting that the application of 240 kg of N ha-1 is the optimal dose to improve seed yield without deterioration of its physiological quality.

Abstract The excessive use of petroleum-based plastics creates a serious problem of environmental pollution, for this reason, this work proposes the production of bioplastic films based on cellulose extracted from leaves and stems of Ricinus communis L. (castor oil plant). The project was carried out in 2022 in the state of Michoacán, Mexico. The bioplastic was obtained in two stages, first the extraction of cellulose is carried out by an alkaline treatment at 80 °C, then, the cellulose obtained is mixed with water, glycerin, and acetic acid for the formation of the bioplastic film by the casting method. With the above procedure, uniform films with a thickness of 0.12 mm were obtained. Regarding the tensile strength, a maximum value of 7.1 MPa was found, as the amount of glycerin increases, the tensile strength increases. Through scanning electron microscopy analysis, it was observed that bioplastic films with 5% glycerin exhibit more uniform and homogeneous textures. The castor oil plant can be used not only to obtain oil but also to obtain plastics from sources alternative to petroleum, which would favor its cultivation in Michoacán.

Resumen El uso excesivo de plásticos elaborados con base de petróleo crea un grave problema de contaminación ambiental, por tal motivo, en el presente trabajo se propone la elaboración de películas de bioplástico a base de celulosa extraída de hojas y tallos de Ricinus communis L. (higuerilla). El proyecto se llevó a cabo en el año 2022 en el estado de Michoacán, México. El bioplástico se obtuvo en dos etapas, primero se lleva a cabo la extracción de celulosa mediante un tratamiento alcalino a 80 °C, posteriormente, la celulosa obtenida se mezcla con agua, glicerina y ácido acético para la formación de la película de bioplástico mediante el método de casting. Con el procedimiento anterior se obtuvieron películas uniformes con un espesor de 0.12 mm. En cuanto a la resistencia a la tracción se encontró un valor máximo de 7.1 MPa, al incrementar la cantidad de glicerina, aumenta la resistencia a la tensión. Mediante el análisis de microscopia electrónica de barrido, se observó que las películas del bioplástico con un 5% de glicerina exhiben texturas más uniformes y homogéneas. La higuerilla se puede aprovechar no solo para la obtención de aceite sino también para obtener plásticos de fuentes alternas al petróleo, lo que se favorecería su cultivo en Michoacán.

ABSTRACT Intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) is one of the most common and well-known activation methods used during routine EEG recordings. However, although it is the most straightforwardly standardized activation technique, its methodology still has significant variability, and the interpretation and classification of photoparoxysmal response (PPR) remain largely subjective. Objective: This review aims to provide an updated reference about the standardized methodology to perform the IPS procedure. Additionally, it intends to provide an update on the interpretation and classification of the PPR. A critical analysis about current practical/clinical challenges is formulated, and some potential operational criteria to improve the interrater agreement for the confirmation of PPR are proposed. Conclusions: Proposed operational criteria include, but are not limited to morphology, amplitude, duration, lag, and redundancy. The generalization of using a standardized IPS methodology and defined operational criteria to confirm the presence of PPR can help improve the diagnosis of epilepsy and photosensitivity. Thus, the clinical practice of EEG would maintain its validity, and enhance the care of patients with epilepsy. This review in Spanish can contribute to standardize this clinical practice in Spanish-speaking countries.

RESUMEN La estimulación luminosa intermitente (ELI) es una de las maniobras más comunes y conocidas utilizadas durante los registros de electroencefalograma (EEG). A pesar de ser la de más fácil estandarización, presenta una gran variabilidad metodológica y la interpretación y clasificación de la respuesta fotoparoxística (RFP) sigue siendo, en gran medida, subjetiva. Objetivo: La presente revisión intenta ofrecer un marco de referencia actualizado acerca de la metodología estandarizada para la ejecución de la ELI y para interpretar/clasificar la RFP. Se formula un análisis crítico de los retos prácticos actuales en el ámbito clínico y se proponen algunos criterios operativos que pueden contribuir a mejorar el acuerdo entre evaluadores. Conclusiones: Los criterios operativos propuestos abarcan -pero no se limitan- a la morfología, la amplitud, la duración, el desfase y la redundancia. La generalización del uso de una metodología estandarizada de ELI, aunada a criterios operativos para confirmar la presencia de RFP, puede ayudar a mejorar el diagnóstico de epilepsia y de fotosensibilidad. De esta forma, la práctica clínica del EEG no solo mantendría su vigencia, sino que incluso mejoraría la atención a pacientes con epilepsia. La presente revisión en idioma español puede contribuir a homogeneizar esta práctica clínica en países hispanohablantes.

Abstract: In Chile, the contemporary form of academic life is irreducible to neoliberalism. There are past experiences and discourses that continue to disrupt the daily routine, dynamics, intensity, and rhythm of academics. They manifest as various epistemological, ethical, institutional, technical, and political mechanisms that produce innumerable images, meanings, and practices. These experiences conflict with the affects and material realities of the neoliberalism. The entanglement of these experiences from the past and present is conflicting, as they attempt to ignore or repress each other. In this respect, this paper addresses the following question: what is the model of academic behaviour that was established during the post-independence period in the Chilean university system? To answer this question, I explore Andres Bello's texts concerning university and academic life. The conclusion is that Bello established a specific model of academic behaviour that, with some later modifications, reconfigurations, and contradictions, returns to the present. Bello's influence today can be seen through spectres that enable and limit new possibilities for expanding academic critique within and across scholarly settings.

Abstract Objective: Parkinson's disease (PD) presents as a chronic condition with symptoms that worsen over time. Many PD patients experience pain at some point during their illness. This complaint is often overlooked because PD is primarily a motor disorder. The main objective is to assess the prevalence and the most frequent type of pain in this population, as well as its relation to common neuropsychiatric factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted including 196 patients diagnosed with PD. The variables analyzed included age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, anxiety, depression, antiparkinsonian treatment (levodopa, dopaminergic agonists, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and amantadine), intake of antidepressants or antipsychotics, age of symptom onset, age of diagnosis, years of progression, total MDS-UPDRS 3.3 score, total MDS-UPDRS score, MDS-non-motor symptom scores, Hamilton depression and anxiety scales, and montreal Cognitive Assessment. Results: Our patient cohort consisted of 115 males (58.7%) and 81 females (41.3%), with a mean age of 63.56 ± 11.88. The mean disease duration was 7.18 ± 4.9 years. The most common type of pain was musculoskeletal pain, present in 66.7%, followed by radicular pain (24.2%), pain related to fluctuations (22.7%), chronic pain (20.7%), nocturnal pain (17.2%), discoloration, edema, or swollen pain (14.6%), and orofacial pain (5.6%). Conclusions: From the study carried out, it can be observed that the most common type of pain was musculoskeletal pain, followed by radicular pain. Pain patients had a significant association with depression and anxiety due to the intensity of pain.

Resumen Objetivo: La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) se presenta como una enfermedad crónica con síntomas que empeoran con el tiempo. Muchos pacientes con EP experimentan dolor en algún momento de su enfermedad. Esta dolencia a menudo se pasa por alto porque la EP es principalmente un trastorno motor. El objetivo principal es evaluar la prevalencia y el tipo más frecuente de dolor en esta población, así como su relación con factores neuropsiquiátricos comunes. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal que incluyó 196 pacientes diagnosticados de enfermedad de Parkinson. Las variables analizadas incluyeron edad, sexo, tabaquismo, consumo de alcohol, ansiedad, depresión, tratamiento antiparkinsoniano (levodopa, agonistas dopaminérgicos, inhibidores de la MAO, amantadina), ingesta de antidepresivos o antipsicóticos, edad de inicio de los síntomas, edad de diagnóstico, años de evolución, puntuación total MDS-UPDRS 3.3, puntuación total MDS-UPDRS, puntuaciones MDS-NMS, escalas de depresión y ansiedad de Hamilton y MoCA. Resultados: Nuestra cohorte de pacientes estaba formada por 115 varones (58.7%) y 81 mujeres (41.3%), con una edad media de 63.56 ± 11.88 años. La duración media de la enfermedad fue de 7.18 ± 4.9 años. El tipo de dolor más frecuente fue el musculoesquelético, presente en el 66,7%, seguido del dolor radicular (24.2%), el dolor relacionado con fluctuaciones (22.7%), el dolor crónico (20.7%), el dolor nocturno (17.2%), el dolor por decoloración, edema o hinchazón (14.6%) y el dolor orofacial (5.6%). Conclusiones: Del estudio realizado se observa que el tipo de dolor más frecuente fue el musculoesquelético, seguido del radicular. Los pacientes con dolor presentaron una asociación significativa con depresión y ansiedad debido a la intensidad del dolor.

Abstract: Cardiorespiratory fitness can be assessed by direct, indirect, maximal, and moderate effort, running, cycling, or walking methods. Objective: To predict maximum oxygen consumption (V O2max) from the six-minute walk test in schoolchildren. Patients and Method: 459 students were included, 215 were male and 244 were female, aged 11.9 ± 1.3 years. Basic anthropometry and cardiorespiratory fitness were measured using field tests. Multivariate equations were developed to predict the V O2max using the R® Commander v. 4.2.2 software (p < 0.05). Results: The best model predicting V O2max include distance walked in the six-minute walk test, heart rate recovery, age, height, body weight (V O2max [L-min-1] = - 0.0902 + (- 0.0464 x age) + (0.0002 x distance) + (- 0.0019 x HR) + (0.5843 x height) + (0.0353 x weight), R2 = 0.76; error = 0.25 L-min-1)), and also body mass index (V O2max [L-min-1] = - 0.6152 + (0.0399 x age) + (0.0933 x BMI) + (0.0005 x distance) + (- 0.0022 x HR), R2 = 0.57; error = 0.34 L-min-1)), both with p < 0.001. Conclusions: Cardiorespiratory fitness can be estimated based on basic anthropometry and performance on the six-minute walk test.

Resumen: La aptitud cardiorrespiratoria se puede evaluar con métodos directos, indirectos, de esfuerzo máximo, moderado, por medio de la carrera, bicicleta o caminata. Objetivo: predecir el consumo máximo de oxígeno (V O2máx) a partir de la prueba de caminata de seis minutos en escolares. Pacientes y Método: Participaron 459 estudiantes, 215 hombres y 244 mujeres, edades 11,9 ± 1,3 años, a quienes se les midió antropometría básica y aptitud cardiorrespiratoria con test de campo. Se elaboraron ecuaciones multivariadas para predecir el V O2máx. con el programa R® Commander v. 4.2.2 (p < 0,05). Resultados: Los mejores modelos que predijeron el V O2máx. incorporaron la distancia recorrida en la prueba de caminata de seis minutos, la frecuencia cardíaca de recuperación, edad, estatura, peso corporal (V O2máx. [L-min-1] = - 0,0902 + (-0,0464 x edad) + (0,0002 x distancia) + (-0,0019 x FC) + (0,5843 x estatura) + (0,0353 x peso), R2 = 0,76; error = 0,25 L-min-1)), y también el índice de masa corporal (V O2máx. [L-min-1] = - 0,6152 + (0,0399 x edad) + (0,0933 x IMC) + (0,0005 x distancia) + (- 0,0022 x FC), R2 = 0,57; error = 0,34 L-min-1)) ambos con p < 0,001. Conclusiones: La aptitud cardiorrespiratoria puede ser estimada en base a la antropometría básica y desempeño en la prueba de caminata de seis minutos.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as características clínicas e os fatores associados à presença de ceratite em pacientes com corpos estranhos na córnea em uma população colombiana. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal baseado na revisão dos registros clínicos de pacientes com corpos estranhos na córnea admitidos em um departamento de emergência em Cali, Colômbia, entre junho de 2018 e junho de 2019. O desfecho primário foi a presença de ceratite diagnosticada através de critérios clínicos. Foram utilizados modelos de regressão logística univariada e multivariada para identificar os fatores associados. Resultado: Neste estudo, foi analisado um total de 381 corpos estranhos na córnea em 372 pacientes (idade média: 40,0 anos, intervalo interquartil: 29,0-53,0; sexo masculino: 94,7% [352 casos]). Noventa e cinco casos desenvolveram ceratite (24,9%, intervalo de confiança de 95% — IC 95%: 20,8%-29,5%). Na análise multivariada, para idade ≤30 anos (razão de chances — RC: 2,15, IC 95%: 1,06-4,36), o achado de flare aquoso (RC: 2,81, IC 95%: 1,39-5,66]) e a presença de corpo estranho na periferia da córnea (RC: 2,05, IC 95%: 1,19-3,50) foram associados a um risco aumentado de ceratite. Sexo, tempo entre a lesão e a internação, e edema da córnea não foram relacionados à ceratite (p>0,05). Conclusão: Há uma proporção elevada de ceratite em casos de corpos estranhos na córnea em Cali, Colômbia. Os três fatores associados à ceratite foram a idade, o achado de flare aquoso e a presença de corpo estranho na periferia da córnea. Objetivo colombiana Métodos Tratase Trata se Cali Colômbia 201 2019 Resultado 38 37 média 400 40 0 40, interquartil 29,053,0 290530 29,0 53,0 29 53 29,0-53,0 masculino 947 94 7 94,7 352 [35 casos. . casos]) 24,9%, 249 24 9 (24,9% 95 20,8%29,5%. 208295 20,8% 29,5% 20 8 5 20,8%-29,5%) 30 ≤3 razão RC 215 2 15 2,15 1,064,36, 106436 1,06 4,36 , 1 06 4 36 1,06-4,36) (RC 281 81 2,81 1,395,66 139566 1,39 5,66 39 66 1,39-5,66] 205 05 2,05 1,193,50 119350 1,19 3,50 19 3 50 1,19-3,50 Sexo internação p>0,05. p005 p p>0,05 (p>0,05) Conclusão 053 29,053, 29053 290 29, 530 53, 29,0-53, 94, 35 [3 casos] 24,9% (24,9 20,8%29,5% 20829 208 20,8 295 29,5 20,8%-29,5% ≤ 21 2,1 064 1,064,36 10643 106 1,0 436 4,3 1,06-4,36 28 2,8 395 1,395,6 13956 139 1,3 566 5,6 6 1,39-5,66 2,0 193 1,193,5 11935 119 1,1 350 3,5 1,19-3,5 p00 p>0,0 (p>0,05 29,053 2905 29,0-53 [ 24,9 (24, 20,8%29,5 2082 20, 20,8%-29,5 2, 1,064,3 1064 10 1, 43 4, 1,06-4,3 1,395, 1395 13 56 5, 1,39-5,6 1,193, 1193 11 3, 1,19-3, p0 p>0, (p>0,0 29,05 29,0-5 24, (24 20,8%29, 20,8%-29, 1,064, 1,06-4, 1,395 1,39-5, 1,193 1,19-3 p>0 (p>0, 29,0- (2 20,8%29 20,8%-29 1,064 1,06-4 1,39-5 1,19- p> (p>0 ( 20,8%2 20,8%-2 1,06- 1,39- (p> 20,8%- (p

ABSTRACT Purposes: To describe the clinical characteristics and factors associated with keratitis in patients with corneal foreign bodies in Colombia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on a clinical records review of patients who had corneal foreign bodies and were admitted to the emergency department between June 2018 and June 2019 in Cali, Colombia. The primary outcome was the presence of keratitis diagnosed based on clinical criteria. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify associated factors. Results: A total of 381 corneal foreign bodies in 372 patients were analyzed (median age, 40.0; interquartile range, 29.0-53.0 years; male, 94.7% (n=352). Ninety-five patients developed keratitis (24.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 20.8%-29.5%). In the multivariate analysis, age 30 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.15, 95% CI 1.06-4.36), finding of aqueous flare (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.39-5.66]), and a foreign body in the peripheral cornea (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.19-3.50] were associated with an increased risk for keratitis. Sex, time between injury and admission, and corneal edema were not related to keratitis (p>0.05). Conclusion: In Cali, Colombia, a high proportion of keratitis was reported in patients with corneal foreign body. Age, an aqueous flare, and a foreign body in the peripheral cornea were the factors associated with keratitis. Purposes Colombia Methods crosssectional cross sectional 201 Cali criteria Results 38 37 median 40.0 400 40 0 range 29.053.0 290530 29.0 53.0 29 53 29.0-53. male 947 94 7 94.7 n=352. n352 n n=352 . 352 (n=352) Ninetyfive Ninety five 24.9%, 249 24 9 (24.9% 95 [CI 20.8%29.5%. 208295 20.8% 29.5% 20 8 5 20.8%-29.5%) analysis 3 odds OR [OR 215 2 15 2.15 1.064.36, 106436 1.06 4.36 , 1 06 4 36 1.06-4.36) 281 81 2.81 1.395.66, 139566 1.39 5.66 39 66 1.39-5.66]) 205 05 2.05 1.193.50 119350 1.19 3.50 19 50 1.19-3.50 Sex admission p>0.05. p005 p p>0.05 (p>0.05) Conclusion Age 40. 053 29.053. 29053 290 29. 530 53. 29.0-53 94. n35 n=35 35 (n=352 24.9% (24.9 20.8%29.5% 20829 208 20.8 295 29.5 20.8%-29.5% 21 2.1 064 1.064.36 10643 106 1.0 436 4.3 1.06-4.36 28 2.8 395 1.395.66 13956 139 1.3 566 5.6 6 1.39-5.66] 2.0 193 1.193.5 11935 119 1.1 350 3.5 1.19-3.5 p00 p>0.0 (p>0.05 29.053 2905 29.0-5 n3 n=3 (n=35 24.9 (24. 20.8%29.5 2082 20. 20.8%-29.5 2. 1.064.3 1064 10 1. 43 4. 1.06-4.3 1.395.6 1395 13 56 5. 1.39-5.66 1.193. 1193 11 3. 1.19-3. p0 p>0. (p>0.0 29.05 29.0- n= (n=3 24. (24 20.8%29. 20.8%-29. 1.064. 1.06-4. 1.395. 1.39-5.6 1.193 1.19-3 p>0 (p>0. (n= (2 20.8%29 20.8%-29 1.064 1.06-4 1.395 1.39-5. 1.19- p> (p>0 (n ( 20.8%2 20.8%-2 1.06- 1.39-5 (p> 20.8%- 1.39- (p

ABSTRACT Introduction: The study of the patterns of technical sports movement involves analyzing its biomechanical components, taking into account the multifactorial nature of sports performance. Objective: To describe the mechanics of the movement of the penalty kick in U-12 and U-17 football players. Methods: Quasi-experimental study of a correlative order. Eight biomechanical variables were studied: center of gravity in its two axes, body inclination, femorotibial angles before contact, femorotibial angles after contact, speed, acceleration and success. Two independent groups of 30 male footballers were selected, classified by U-12 and U-17 categories, and their performance was analysed through video analysis. Results: There were significant differences in favor of the sub-17 category in the variables center of gravity on the X axis (p = 0.000), body inclination (p = 0.000), speed (p = 0.000), and acceleration and accuracy (p = 0.000); and non-significant differences in the rest (center of gravity Y-axis: p = 0.267; femorotibial angles before contact: p = 0.459; femorotibial angles after contact: p = 0.446; and correct answers: p = 0.226). Conclusions: All the average ranges stood out in the U-17 category, except in the variable hits, which implied a greater speed and acceleration of the foot during the execution of the penalty kick. However, accuracy, as a coordinating component, was fundamental in the effectiveness of the shot.

RESUMEN Introducción: El estudio de los patrones del movimiento técnico deportivo implica analizar sus componentes biomecánicos, teniendo en cuenta el carácter multifactorial del rendimiento deportivo. Objetivo: Describir la mecánica del movimiento del tiro penalti en futbolistas categorías sub-12 y sub-17. Métodos: Estudio cuasi experimental de orden correlativo. Se estudiaron ocho variables biomecánicas: centro de gravedad en sus dos ejes, inclinación corporal, ángulos femorotibial antes del contacto, ángulos femorotibial luego del contacto, velocidad, aceleración y acierto. Se seleccionaron dos grupos independientes de 30 futbolistas del género masculino, se clasificaron por categorías sub-12 y sub-17, y se analizó su rendimiento mediante videoanálisis. Resultados: Hubo diferencias significativas a favor de la categoría sub-17 en las variables centro de gravedad en el eje X (p = 0,000), en inclinación corporal (p = 0,000), en velocidad (p = 0,000), y en aceleración y acierto (p = 0,000); y diferencias no significativas en el resto (centro de gravedad eje Y: p = 0,267; ángulos femorotibial antes del contacto: p = 0,459; ángulos femorotibial luego del contacto: p = 0,446; y aciertos: p = 0,226). Conclusiones: Todos los rangos promedios sobresalieron en la categoría sub-17, excepto en la variable aciertos, lo que implicó una mayor velocidad y aceleración del pie durante la ejecución del tiro a penal. Sin embargo, la precisión, como componente coordinativo, resultó fundamental en la efectividad del disparo.

This work addresses the corrosion resistance of Riser steels used in submarine pipelines for oil production, making it crucial to evaluate the variables related to corrosion in the marine environment. Three types of wires with spheroidized, lamellar and discontinuous cementite microstructure were tested in 0.1M H2SO4 with and without the use of CO2, in addition to a different ambient temperature (80 °C). Thus, electrochemical tests, including OCP and linear potentiodynamic polarization, revealed the corrosion resistance of each material. The analysis of the polarization curves through Tafel extrapolation, obtained the current density, correlating with the potential of the sample in the medium, indicating the polarization resistance. The LC wires demonstrated greater resistance to corrosion (769.23; 2,544.79 and 4,790.87 Ω.cm2) compared to spheroidized cementite (502,40; 1,038.99 and 902.95 Ω.cm2) and, which, in turn, obtained lower resistance values in two of the solutions. The FeCO3 and FeSO4 salts were formed in different areas, including the most degraded ones identified by Raman spectroscopy. production environment 01M M 0 1M HSO H SO H2SO CO2 CO 80 (8 °C. C °C . °C) Thus tests material extrapolation density medium 769.23 76923 769 23 (769.23 254479 2 544 79 2,544.7 479087 4 790 87 4,790.8 Ω.cm2 Ωcm2 Ωcm Ω cm2 cm 502,40 50240 502 40 (502,40 103899 1 038 99 1,038.9 90295 902 95 902.9 which turn solutions FeCO FeSO areas spectroscopy 8 ( 769.2 7692 76 (769.2 25447 54 7 2,544. 47908 4,790. Ω.cm 502,4 5024 50 (502,4 10389 03 9 1,038. 9029 90 902. 769. (769. 2544 5 2,544 4790 4,790 502, (502, 1038 1,038 (769 254 2,54 479 4,79 (502 103 1,03 (76 25 2,5 47 4,7 (50 10 1,0 (7 2, 4, (5 1,

Abstract Paper aims This novel methodology obtains the optimal economic evaluation of emissions (carbon price) under uncertainty (Fuzzy Decision Making), and hierarchical variation (Analytic Hierarchy Process) within the Argentine production chain (Life Cycle Analysis with Supply and Demand Side Management), obtaining a novel model of market equilibrium. Originality 1) a novel optimal economic (marginal) evaluation index called Generic Camargo Intrinsic Cost, 2) optimal graphical attribute efficiency points, regions and boundaries and their optimal economic evaluation and 3) a Computable General Equilibrium Model with fundamental uncertainty. Research method The theoretical, practical and economic contribution and results (mathematical and graphical analysis) of this novel methodology and tools are developed, generalised and analysed. Main findings All three of the above original contributions have been analysed using the above research method, with excellent and promising results. Implications for theory and practice The optimal economic evaluation (externality) of the Argentinean production chain under uncertainty is obtained. carbon price Fuzzy Making, Making , Making) Analytic Process Life Management, Management Management) equilibrium 1 marginal (marginal Cost 2 points 3 theoretical mathematical analysis developed externality (externality obtained

Abstract Background The convergence of hypervirulence and carbapenem resistance in the bacterial pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae represents a critical global health concern. Hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp) strains, frequently from sequence type 23 (ST23) and having a K1 capsule, have been associated with severe community-acquired invasive infections. Although hvKp were initially restricted to Southeast Asia and primarily antibiotic-sensitive, carbapenem-resistant hvKp infections are reported worldwide. Here, within the carbapenemase production Enterobacterales surveillance system headed by the Chilean Public Health Institute, we describe the isolation in Chile of a high-risk ST23 dual-carbapenemase-producing hvKp strain, which carbapenemase genes are encoded in a single conjugative plasmid. Results Phenotypic and molecular tests of this strain revealed an extensive resistance to at least 15 antibiotic classes and the production of KPC-2 and VIM-1 carbapenemases. Unexpectedly, this isolate lacked hypermucoviscosity, challenging this commonly used hvKp identification criteria. Complete genome sequencing and analysis confirmed the K1 capsular type, the KpVP-1 virulence plasmid, and the GIE492 and ICEKp10 genomic islands carrying virulence factors strongly associated with hvKp. Although this isolate belonged to the globally disseminated hvKp clonal group CG23-I, it is unique, as it formed a clade apart from a previously reported Chilean ST23 hvKp isolate and acquired an IncN KPC-2 plasmid highly disseminated in South America (absent in other hvKp genomes), but now including a class-I integron carrying blaVIM−1 and other resistance genes. Notably, this isolate was able to conjugate the double carbapenemase plasmid to an E. coli recipient, conferring resistance to 1st-5th generation cephalosporins (including combinations with beta-lactamase inhibitors), penicillins, monobactams, and carbapenems. Conclusions We reported the isolation in Chile of high-risk carbapenem-resistant hvKp carrying a highly transmissible conjugative plasmid encoding KPC-2 and VIM-1 carbapenemases, conferring resistance to most beta-lactams. Furthermore, the lack of hypermucoviscosity argues against this trait as a reliable hvKp marker. These findings highlight the rapid evolution towards multi-drug resistance of hvKp in Chile and globally, as well as the importance of conjugative plasmids and other mobile genetic elements in this convergence. In this regard, genomic approaches provide valuable support to monitor and obtain essential information on these priority pathogens and mobile elements.

Abstract Dental medical emergencies are critical and unexpected events that compromise the health and integrity of the patient in the dental office. According to the literature, 57% of dentists have faced at least 3 events per year and 36% with more than 10, these high values constitute a problem. Basic life support protocol is of substantial importance in the effective diagnosis and approach to each emergency. Updating knowledge will improve the response to these events. For management, it is necessary to have supplies, instruments, and drugs in the dental office. The objective of this review is to describe and detail the most frequent emergencies, predisposing factors, signs, symptoms, initial management, and treatment. Additionally, the description of a suggested adapted emergency medical services cart is included, detailing the necessary components to ensure efficient care.

Resumo As emergências médicas odontológicas são eventos críticos e inesperados que comprometem a saúde e integridade do paciente no consultório odontológico. De acordo com a literatura, 57% dos cirurgiões-dentistas enfrentaram pelo menos 3 eventos por ano e 36% mais de 10; esses valores altos constituem um problema. O protocolo de suporte básico de vida é de importância substancial no diagnóstico eficaz e abordagem de cada emergência. A atualização do conhecimento melhorará a atuação diante desses eventos. Para o gerenciamento, é necessário contar com suprimentos, instrumentos e medicamentos no consultório odontológico. O objetivo desta revisão é descrever e detalhar as emergências mais frequentes, fatores predisponentes, sinais, sintomas, manejo inicial e tratamento. Além disso, inclui-se a descrição de um carrinho adaptado para emergências médicas odontológicas sugerido, detalhando os componentes necessários para garantir um atendimento eficiente.

Resumen Las emergencias médicas durante la consulta odontológica son eventos críticos e inesperados que comprometen la salud e integridad del paciente en el box dental. Según la literatura el 57% de los cirujanos dentistas se han enfrentado al menos a 3 eventos por año y un 36% a más de 10 eventos, estos altos valores constituyen una problemática. El conocimiento sobre soporte vital básico y la actualización de conocimientos en forma constante es de sustancial importancia en el diagnóstico, abordaje y manejo de cada emergencia. Para el manejo, se debe contar con insumos, instrumental y fármacos necesarios en el box dental. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir y detallar las emergencias más frecuentes, factores predisponentes, signos, síntomas, manejo inicial y tratamiento. Además, se mencionan los elementos que deberían estar presentes en un consultorio odontológico para brindar una atención primaria eficiente en estas emergencias.

Introduction: Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, are the epidemic of the 21st century, smoking being a common risk factor. Objective: To characterize smoking patients in the Intermediate Treatment Unit (ICU) of the Chilean National Thorax Institute. Material and Method: Observational, analytical and descriptive study. 150 consecutive admissions to the ICU were evaluated from September 1 to December 1, 2022. Results: The prevalence of smoking was 56%, including former smokers. The average age was 64 years-old. Exposure to secondhand smoke was significant with 41.7% in active smokers. The associations with high blood pressure, COPD and lung cancer were significant. 20.2% of patients with lung cancer were active smokers. The days of stay in the unit, general hospital stay, or deaths were not significant. Conclusions: In our cohort the prevalence of smoking was higher than the national average and its link with NCDs is confirmed. We identified that secondhand exposure was significant, so efforts to stop smoking must be focused on both the patient and their immediate environment. Although some patients had a diagnosis of lung cancer, a significant percentage continued to smoke, making it important to incorporate this group of patients into specialized programs to reduce morbidity. With our study we reaffirm the importance of continuing national efforts to reduce smoking as a preventive action for NCDs and their complications.

Resumen Introducción: Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT), como el cáncer, enfermedades cardiovasculares y respiratorias, son la epidemia del siglo XXI, siendo el tabaquismo un factor de riesgo común. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los pacientes tabáquicos de la Unidad de Tratamientos Intermedios (UTI) del Instituto Nacional del Tórax. Material y Método: Estudio observacional, analítico y descriptivo. Se evaluaron 150 ingresos consecutivos a la UTI desde el 01 de septiembre al 01 de diciembre de 2022. Resultados: La prevalencia de tabaquismo fue de un 56%, incluyendo exfumadores. La media de edad fue de 64 años. La exposición a humo de segunda mano resultó significativa con un 41,7% en fumadores activos. Las asociaciones con hipertensión arterial, EPOC y cáncer pulmonar resultaron significativas. Un 20,2% de los pacientes con cáncer pulmonar tenían tabaquismo activo. No fueron significativos los días de estadía en la unidad, hospitalaria general ni fallecimientos. Conclusiones: En nuestra cohorte la prevalencia de tabaquismo fue más alta que la nacional y se confirmó su vínculo con las ECNT. Identificamos que la exposición de segunda mano fue significativa, por lo que los esfuerzos para el cese del tabaquismo deben ir enfocados tanto al paciente como su entorno cercano. A pesar que algunos pacientes tenían el diagnóstico de cáncer pulmonar, un porcentaje no menor seguía fumando, por lo que es relevante incorporar a este grupo de pacientes a programas especializados para reducir morbilidad. Con nuestro estudio reafirmamos la importancia de continuar con los esfuerzos nacionales por reducir el tabaquismo como acción preventiva de las ECNT y sus complicaciones.