A incompatibilidade entre a desnutrição perinatal e uma nutrição adequada durante o desenvolvimento aumenta o risco de aparecimento precoce de doenças não transmissíveis na vida adulta. Todavia, acredita-se que a atividade física materna possa atenuar estas consequências. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do treinamento físico durante a gestação na evolução ponderal, circunferência abdominal, glicemia e colesterolemia de filhotes adultos submetidos à desnutrição perinatal. Ratas Wistar (n = 12) foram divididas em quatro grupos: controle (C, n = 3), treinada (T, n = 3), desnutrida (D, n = 3) e treinada desnutrida (T+D, n = 3). Durante a gestação e lactação, os grupos D e T+D receberam dieta baixa em proteína (8% caseína) e os grupos C e T receberam dieta normoproteica (caseína a 17%). O protocolo de treinamento físico moderado foi realizado em esteira ergométrica (cinco dias/semana, 60 min/dia, a 65% do VO2max) e iniciou quatro semanas antes da gestação. Na gestação, a duração e a intensidade do treinamento foram reduzidas (cinco dias/semana, 20 min/dia, a 30% do VO2max) até o 19º dia pré-natal. Após o desmame, os filhotes (C F = 9, T F = 9, D F = 7, T+D F = 9) receberam dieta padrão de biotério e foram avaliados aos 270 dias de idade. A circunferência abdominal (CA) foi avaliada relativa ao peso corporal. Para avaliação da glicemia e colesterolemia foi utilizado o método enzimático colorimétrico da glicose-oxidase/peroxidase e da colesterol-oxidase, respectivamente. Ratos do grupo D F apresentaram um maior ganho de peso corporal ao longo do crescimento, maiores valores de CA, glicemia e colesterolemia quando comparados ao grupo C F. Para o grupo T+D F, o ganho de peso foi atenuado, e a CA, a glicemia e a colesterolemia foram normalizadas (p < 0,05). Esses resultados demonstram que o treinamento físico durante a gestação atenua os efeitos da desnutrição perinatal sobre alguns indicadores murinométricos e bioquímicos nos filhotes adultos.

The incompatibility of perinatal undernutrition and adequate nutrition during development increases the risk of early onset of non-communicable diseases in adulthood. However, it has been considered that maternal physical activity may attenuate these effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of physical training during pregnancy on body weight gain, waist circumference, glycaemia and cholesterolemia in adult offspring submitted to perinatal undernutrition. Female Wistar rats (n = 12) were divided into four groups: control (C, n = 3), trained (T, n = 3), undernourished (D, n = 3) undernourished and trained (T+D, n = 3). During gestation and lactation, D and T+D groups were fed a low protein diet (8% casein) and C and T groups fed a normal protein diet (17% casein). The protocol of moderate physical training was performed on a treadmill (5 days/week, 60 min/day, at 65% of VO2max) and began 4 weeks before pregnancy. At pregnancy, the duration and intensity of training were reduced (5 days/week, 20 min/day, at 30% VO2max) until the 19th prenatal day. At weaning, male pups (CP = 9, TP = 9, DP = 7, T+DP = 9) received standard diet and evaluations took place at 270 days old. Abdominal circumference (AC) was evaluated in relation to body weight. Enzymatic colorimetric method glucose-oxidase/peroxidase and cholesterol-oxidase was used to evaluate fasting glycaemia and cholesterolemia, respectively. Rats from DP group showed high body weight gain during growth, values of CA, glycaemia and cholesterolemia when compared to CP. Concerning the T+DP group,body weight gain was attenuated, and the CA, glycaemia and cholesterolemia were normalized (p<0.05). These results demonstrate that physical training during pregnancy reduces the effects of perinatal undernutrition on some murinometric and biochemical indicators of adult offspring.

The World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) has provided a new foundation for our understanding of health, functioning, and disability. As a content-valid, comprehensive and universally applicable health classification, it serves as a platform to clarify and specify health-related concepts that are frequently used in the medical literature as well-being, health state, health status, quality of life (QoL) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The ICF entities health and health-related domains and functioning will be used as starting point to reach the objective of the paper. Health domains refer to domains intrinsic to the person as a physiological and psychological entity. Health-related domains are not part of a person's health but are so closely related that a description of a person's lived experience of health would be incomplete without them. Functioning refers to all health and health-related domains within the ICF. Well-being is made up of health, health-related, and non-health-related domains, such as autonomy and integrity. QoL is the individual's perceptions of how the life is going in health, health-related, and non-health domains. HRQoL is the individual's perceptions of how the life is going in health and health-related domains. "HRQoL is to QoL as functioning is to well-being". The ICF represents a standardized and international basis for the operationalization of health based on its health domains, and is also the basis for the operationalization of functioning based on all health and health-related domains contained therein. The authors argue that functioning is an operationalization of health from a broader perspective that consider the individual person not only as a biological but also as a social entity.

La Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud (CIF), constituye el marco conceptual de la OMS para una nueva comprensión del funcionamiento, la discapacidad y la salud. Sus componentes esenciales están integrados en la ecuación dinámica funcionamiento/discapacidad. Por su validez de contenido la CIF supone la base para la clarificación de conceptos de amplia utilización sanitaria como bienestar, estado de salud, status de salud, calidad de vida o calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. De ahí que el análisis de los dominios de la salud, de los relacionados con ella y el funcionamiento sean el punto de partida de este trabajo. Los dominios de la salud son los intrínsecos a la persona como entidad fisio-psicológica. Los dominios relacionados con la salud son los extrínsecos al individuo pero que no se pueden desligar de su salud. Funcionamiento se refiere al conjunto de aspectos de ambos dominios. Bienestar es un concepto globalizador que abarca, los relacionados con la salud y los no relacionados con ella, como autonomía e integridad. El concepto de Bienestar es intercambiable con el de Calidad de Vida (CV) con sólo invertir el punto de vista: objetivo vs subjetivo. Lo mismo vale para Funcionamiento y Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (CVRS). CVRS es a CV como Funcionamiento es a Bienestar. Por ello la CIF representa una base estandarizada e internacional para una operación de la salud y el funcionamiento basada en los dominios de la salud y en los relacionados con ella. Pero al considerar también los dominios no relacionados con la salud (relativos al medio ambiente) operacionaliza la salud desde una perspectiva más amplia que entiende al individuo como una entidad biológica y social.

The World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) has provided a new foundation for our understanding of health, functioning, and disability. As a content-valid, comprehensive and universally applicable health classification, it serves as a platform to clarify and specify health-related concepts that are frequently used in the medical literature as well-being, health state, health status, quality of life (QoL) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The ICF entities health and health-related domains and functioning will be used as starting point to reach the objective of the paper. Health domains refer to domains intrinsic to the person as a physiological and psychological entity. Health-related domains are not part of a person's health but are so closely related that a description of a person's lived experience of health would be incomplete without them. Functioning refers to all health and health-related domains within the ICF. Well-being is made up of health, health-related, and non-health-related domains, such as autonomy and integrity. QoL is the individual's perceptions of how the life is going in health, health-related, and non-health domains. HRQoL is the individual's perceptions of how the life is going in health and health-related domains. "HRQoL is to QoL as functioning is to well-being". The ICF represents a standardized and international basis for the operationalization of health based on its health domains, and is also the basis for the operationalization of functioning based on all health and health-related domains contained therein. The authors argue that functioning is an operationalization of health from a broader perspective that consider the individual person not only as a biological but also as a social entity.

La Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud (CIF), constituye el marco conceptual de la OMS para una nueva comprensión del funcionamiento, la discapacidad y la salud. Sus componentes esenciales están integrados en la ecuación dinámica funcionamiento/discapacidad. Por su validez de contenido la CIF supone la base para la clarificación de conceptos de amplia utilización sanitaria como bienestar, estado de salud, status de salud, calidad de vida o calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. De ahí que el análisis de los dominios de la salud, de los relacionados con ella y el funcionamiento sean el punto de partida de este trabajo. Los dominios de la salud son los intrínsecos a la persona como entidad fisio-psicológica. Los dominios relacionados con la salud son los extrínsecos al individuo pero que no se pueden desligar de su salud. Funcionamiento se refiere al conjunto de aspectos de ambos dominios. Bienestar es un concepto globalizador que abarca, los relacionados con la salud y los no relacionados con ella, como autonomía e integridad. El concepto de Bienestar es intercambiable con el de Calidad de Vida (CV) con sólo invertir el punto de vista: objetivo vs subjetivo. Lo mismo vale para Funcionamiento y Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (CVRS). CVRS es a CV como Funcionamiento es a Bienestar. Por ello la CIF representa una base estandarizada e internacional para una operación de la salud y el funcionamiento basada en los dominios de la salud y en los relacionados con ella. Pero al considerar también los dominios no relacionados con la salud (relativos al medio ambiente) operacionaliza la salud desde una perspectiva más amplia que entiende al individuo como una entidad biológica y social.

The World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) has provided a new foundation for our understanding of health, functioning, and disability. It covers most of the health and health-related domains that make up the human experience, and the most environmental factors that influence that experience of functioning and disability. With the exhaustive ICF, patients' functioning -including its components body functions and structures and activities and participation-, becomes a central perspective in medicine. To implement the ICF in medicine and other fields, practical tools (= ICF Core Sets) have been developed. They are selected sets of categories out of the whole classification which serve as minimal standards for the assessment and reporting of functioning and health for clinical studies and clinical encounters (Brief ICF Core Set) or as standards for multiprofessional comprehensive assessment (Comprehensive ICF Core Set). Different from generic and condition-specific health-status measures, the ICF Core Sets include important body functions and structures and contextual factors. The use of the ICF Core Sets provides an important step towards improved communications between healthcare providers and professionals, and will enable patients and their families to understand and communicate with health professionals about their functioning and treatment goals. Specific applications include multi- and interdisciplinary assessment in clinical settings and in legal expert evaluations and use in disease or functioning-management programs. The ICF has also a potential as a conceptual framework to clarify an interrelated universe of health-related concepts which can be elucidated based on the ICF and therefore will be an ideal tool for teaching students in all medical fields and may open doors to multi-professional learning.

La Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud (CIF) constituye el marco conceptual de la OMS para una nueva comprensión del funcionamiento, la discapacidad y la salud. Es una clasificación universal que establece un marco y lenguaje estandarizados para describir la salud y las dimensiones relacionadas con ella. Abarca tres componentes esenciales: funciones corporales/estructuras, actividad y participación, integrados bajo los términos "funcionamiento" y "discapacidad", que dependen de la condición de salud y de su interacción con factores contextuales. Los componentes están clasificados mediante categorías. Hoy por hoy consta de 1.424 categorías organizadas en una estructura jerárquica de 4 niveles de menos preciso a más. En el caso de los factores contextuales la cuantificación de las categorías mediante calificadores establece en qué medida un factor actúa como barrera o facilitador. La instrumentalización de la CIF con fines prácticos ha llevado al desarrollo de grupos de categorías (núcleos básicos) útiles para la clínica práctica, la provisión de servicios o la investigación. Los núcleos básicos son abreviados o extensos según la intención sea estudiar condiciones específicas o realizar aplicaciones integrales multidisciplinares. Existen núcleos básicos para enfermedades muy prevalentes según la fase del proceso: aguda, postaguda, crónica o comunitaria, cubriendo todo el proceso de enfermedad y toda la cadena sanitaria. Su aplicación clínica mejora la comunicación médico-paciente y el establecimiento de objetivos terapéuticos integrales. Asimismo, sirve para la evaluación multidisciplinar en medios clínicos, legales y de programas. La CIF logra la superación de conceptos de amplia utilización sanitaria, como bienestar, estado de salud o calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y abre una nueva línea de enseñanza estudiantil en todas las especialidades y de formación integral multiprofesional.

The World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) has provided a new foundation for our understanding of health, functioning, and disability. It covers most of the health and health-related domains that make up the human experience, and the most environmental factors that influence that experience of functioning and disability. With the exhaustive ICF, patients' functioning -including its components body functions and structures and activities and participation-, becomes a central perspective in medicine. To implement the ICF in medicine and other fields, practical tools (= ICF Core Sets) have been developed. They are selected sets of categories out of the whole classification which serve as minimal standards for the assessment and reporting of functioning and health for clinical studies and clinical encounters (Brief ICF Core Set) or as standards for multiprofessional comprehensive assessment (Comprehensive ICF Core Set). Different from generic and condition-specific health-status measures, the ICF Core Sets include important body functions and structures and contextual factors. The use of the ICF Core Sets provides an important step towards improved communications between healthcare providers and professionals, and will enable patients and their families to understand and communicate with health professionals about their functioning and treatment goals. Specific applications include multi- and interdisciplinary assessment in clinical settings and in legal expert evaluations and use in disease or functioning-management programs. The ICF has also a potential as a conceptual framework to clarify an interrelated universe of health-related concepts which can be elucidated based on the ICF and therefore will be an ideal tool for teaching students in all medical fields and may open doors to multi-professional learning.

La Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud (CIF) constituye el marco conceptual de la OMS para una nueva comprensión del funcionamiento, la discapacidad y la salud. Es una clasificación universal que establece un marco y lenguaje estandarizados para describir la salud y las dimensiones relacionadas con ella. Abarca tres componentes esenciales: funciones corporales/estructuras, actividad y participación, integrados bajo los términos "funcionamiento" y "discapacidad", que dependen de la condición de salud y de su interacción con factores contextuales. Los componentes están clasificados mediante categorías. Hoy por hoy consta de 1.424 categorías organizadas en una estructura jerárquica de 4 niveles de menos preciso a más. En el caso de los factores contextuales la cuantificación de las categorías mediante calificadores establece en qué medida un factor actúa como barrera o facilitador. La instrumentalización de la CIF con fines prácticos ha llevado al desarrollo de grupos de categorías (núcleos básicos) útiles para la clínica práctica, la provisión de servicios o la investigación. Los núcleos básicos son abreviados o extensos según la intención sea estudiar condiciones específicas o realizar aplicaciones integrales multidisciplinares. Existen núcleos básicos para enfermedades muy prevalentes según la fase del proceso: aguda, postaguda, crónica o comunitaria, cubriendo todo el proceso de enfermedad y toda la cadena sanitaria. Su aplicación clínica mejora la comunicación médico-paciente y el establecimiento de objetivos terapéuticos integrales. Asimismo, sirve para la evaluación multidisciplinar en medios clínicos, legales y de programas. La CIF logra la superación de conceptos de amplia utilización sanitaria, como bienestar, estado de salud o calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y abre una nueva línea de enseñanza estudiantil en todas las especialidades y de formación integral multiprofesional.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a liberação de ânion superóxido por macrófagos alveolares em ratos submetidos ou não ao estresse agudo, ao exercício físico de natação e à suplementação com glutamina. MÉTODOS: Quarenta e dois ratos machos da linhagem Wistar com idade em torno de 62 (desvio-padrão=3) dias de idade foram divididos em grupos controle, treino, estresse e glutamina. Após a intervenção, macrófagos alveolares foram coletados e estimulados com acetato de formol miristato para a avaliação da liberação de ânion superóxido. RESULTADOS: Em comparação à primeira hora (controle=26,2, desvio-padrão=4,2; treino=28,7, desvio-padrão=5,1; estresse=20,3, desvio-padrão=4,4; glutamina=26,2, desvio-padrão=4,2), houve aumento (p<0,001) da liberação de superóxido em todos os grupos experimentais na segunda hora (controle=38,4, desvio-padrão=4,9; treino=40,7, desvio-padrão=6,1; estresse=30,2, desvio-padrão=5,6; glutamina=39,2, desvio-padrão=5,2) de observação. O treinamento e a suplementação com glutamina não provocaram diferenças na liberação de superóxido em macrófagos alveolares quando comparados ao grupo controle. Apenas nos ratos submetidos a estresse houve redução da liberação de superóxido tanto na primeira (20,3, desvio-padrão=4,4; p<0,05) quanto na segunda hora (30,2, desvio-padrão=5,6; p<0,05) de observação. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados sugerem que o estresse pode ser um dos fatores implicados na imunossupressão, uma vez que a redução da produção de ânion superóxido por macrófagos pode levar à diminuição de sua capacidade microbicida. No entanto, o protocolo de treinamento físico de natação usado e a suplementação com glutamina, na quantidade e na forma administrada, não alteraram a liberação de superóxido por macrófagos alveolares.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the release of superoxide anion from alveolar macrophages of rats submitted or not to acute restraint stress, forced swimming and glutamine supplementation. METHODS: Forty-two male Wistar rats aging roughly 62 days (standard deviation=3) were randomly divided into four groups: control, training, stress and glutamine. After the intervention, alveolar macrophages were collected and stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate to assess the release of superoxide anion. RESULTS: When compared with the first hour (control=26.2, standard deviation=4.2; training=28.7, standard deviation=5.1; stress=20.3 , standard deviation=4.4; glutamine=26.2, standard deviation=4.2), the release of superoxide increased (p<0.001) in all experimental groups in the second hour (control=38.4, standard deviation=4.9; training=40.7, standard deviation=6.1; stress=30.2, standard deviation=5.6; glutamine=39.2, standard deviation=5.2) of observation. Training and glutamine supplementation did not induce differences in the release of superoxide from alveolar macrophages when compared with the control group. Only the rats submitted to stress showed a reduction in the release of superoxide in both the first (20.3, standard deviation=4.4; p<0.05) and second hours (30.2, standard deviation=5.6; p<0.05) of observation. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that stress can be one of the factors associated with immunosuppression since reduced release of superoxide anion from macrophages can lead to reduced microbicidal capacity. On the other hand, the swimming protocol we used and the amount and route of glutamine supplementation did not change the release of superoxide from alveolar macrophages.