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1.
Anatomical characterization of wood from three tree species from a floodplain forest, Central Amazon, Brazil
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Duarte Silva-da Silva, Washington
; dos Santos-Santos, Adriane
; Souza-Ferreira, Ana Clara
; Marques-dos Reis Reis, Pamella Carolline
; Pequeno-Reis, Leonardo
; Souza-Ferreira, Ana Paula
; Naide-Acosta, Tawani Lorena
; Xipaia-dos Santos, Joielan
; de Lima-Ferreira, Mayara
; Gris, Darlene
; Nunes-de Sousa, Rodrigo
; Santos-Josino, Paulo Roberto
; Gomes-da Silva, Marcela
; Bolzon-de Muniz, Graciela Ines
; Nisgoski, Silvana
.
SUMMARY: The anatomical structure of wood from tree species found in floodplain forests can undergo alterations due to seasonal fluctuations in water levels, potentially affecting the volume of wood available for sustainable forest management in inundated areas. Thus, this study aims to characterize the anatomical features of Hura crepitans, Ocotea cymbarum and Eschweilera albiflora, assessing whether these characteristics differ from descriptions reported in previous studies of the same species conducted in other environments. Samples were collected from six adult trees of each species in two sustainable development reserves (SDR), Mamirauá and Amanã, located in the middle Solimões region, state of Amazonas, using a non-destructive method with an increment borer. Two samples were collected from three different heights (0.30, 1.30, and 2.30 m). Microscopic descriptions of the species were determined (porosity, axial parenchyma, rays, fibers, and vessel elements). Two-way factorial ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was used to verify the differences in the anatomical elements of the wood samples collected at the three heights. The wood of H. crepitans has diffuse porosity, a predominance of solitary vessels, diffuse-in-aggregates, scarce axial parenchyma, non-storied rays, and libriform fibers. The wood of O. cymbarum has solitary vessels in radial multiples, vasicentric axial parenchyma, non-storied rays, and septate fibers. E. albiflora has a radial grouping of vessels, banded parenchyma, and non-storied rays. This study confirms previous descriptions of this species, revealing that its anatomical characteristics remain constant throughout the trunk.
RESUMEN: La estructura anatómica de la madera de las especies de árboles que se encuentran en los bosques de llanuras aluviales puede sufrir alteraciones debido a las fluctuaciones estacionales en los niveles de agua, afectando potencialmente el volumen de madera disponible para el manejo forestal sostenible de las áreas inundadas. Así, este estudio tiene como objetivo caracterizar las características anatómicas de Hura crepitans, Ocotea cymbarum y Eschweilera albiflora, evaluando si estas características difieren de las descripciones reportadas en estudios previos de las mismas especies realizados en otros ambientes. Se recolectaron muestras de seis árboles adultos de cada especie en dos reservas de desarrollo sustentable (RDS), Mamirauá y Amanã, ubicadas en la región media de Solimões, estado de Amazonas, utilizando un método no destructivo con barrenador incremental. Se tomaron dos muestras en cada una de tres alturas diferentes (0,30, 1,30 y 2,30 m). Se determinaron descripciones microscópicas de las especies (porosidad, parénquima axial, radios, fibras y elementos de los vasos). Se utilizó ANOVA factorial de dos vías seguido de la prueba post hoc de Tukey para verificar las diferencias en los elementos anatómicos de las muestras de madera recolectadas en las tres alturas. La madera de H. crepitans tiene porosidad difusa, predominio de vasos solitarios, difusos en agregados y escaso parénquima axial, radios no estratificados y fibras libriformes. La madera de O. cymbarum tiene vasos solitarios en múltiplos radiales, parénquima axial vasicéntrico, radios sin pisos y fibras septadas. La madera de E. albiflora tiene agrupaciones radiales de vasos, parénquima bandeado y radios sin pisos. Este estudio confirma descripciones previas de la especie, revelando que las características anatómicas permanecen sustancialmente constantes en todo el tronco.
2.
Authentication of Specialty Coffees from the Fluminense Northwest and Caparaó Regions (Brazil) Using UV-Vis Spectroscopy and Synthetic Samples Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (SS-PLS-DA) Brazil (Brazil UVVis UV Vis SSPLSDA SS PLS DA (SS-PLS-DA
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Caldeira, Gabriel R. F.
; Costa, Tayná O.
; Nascimento, Marcia H. C.
; Corradini, Patricia G.
; Filgueiras, Paulo R.
; Ferreira, Daniel C.
; Souza, Murilo de O.
.
Caparaó and the Fluminense northwest regions are nationally recognized by the important contribution on coffee production and exportation. Adulterations involving specialty coffees result in a decrease in the quality of the final product. However, obtaining many different samples from the same region is unfeasible in some cases, needing strategies to work with a limited number of samples for pattern recognition. Thus, this work is the first to use the construction of synthetic samples (SS) for analysis of coffees, and its objective is to identify adulterations in specialty coffees with bark, straw and low-quality beans, using UV-Vis spectroscopy, associated with chemometric methods. The synthetic samples partial least square discriminant analysis (SS-PLS-DA) showed better specificity, sensitivity and reliability rates than the Hard PLS-DA models. One-class methods (soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) and data driven soft independent modeling of class analogy (DD-SIMCA)) showed low specificity and reliability. The discriminant methods together with the synthetic samples proved to be adequate to identify adulterations in specialty coffees. exportation product However cases recognition Thus SS (SS bark lowquality beans UVVis UV Vis spectroscopy SSPLSDA PLS DA (SS-PLS-DA PLSDA models Oneclass One SIMCA (SIMCA DDSIMCA DD (DD-SIMCA) (DD-SIMCA
3.
Immunogenicity of COVID-19 adsorbed inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac) and additional doses of mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine in immunocompromised adults compared with immunocompetent persons COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 CoronaVac (CoronaVac BNTb BNT b BNT162b COVID1 1 COVID-
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Ibrahim, Karim Yaqub
; Moreira, Raquel Megale
; Santos, Carolina Ferreira dos
; Strabelli, Tânia Mara Varejão
; Belizário, Juliana de Cássia
; Pinto, Maria Isabel de Moraes
; Marinho, Ana Karolina Barreto Berselli
; Pereira, Juliana Marquezi
; Mello, Liliane Saraiva de
; Ando, Mauricio Cesar
; Silva, Vitor Gabriel Lopes da
; Sato, Paula Keiko
; Lima, Marcos Alves de
; França, João Italo Dias
; Loch, Ana Paula
; Miyaji, Karina Takesaki
; Infante, Vanessa
; Precioso, Alexander Roberto
; Sartori, Ana Marli Christovam
.
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo
- Journal Metrics
ABSTRACT Inactivated COVID-19 vaccines data in immunocompromised individuals are scarce. This trial assessed the immunogenicity of two CoronaVac doses and additional BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine doses in immunocompromised (IC) and immunocompetent (H) individuals. Adults with solid organ transplant (SOT), hematopoietic stem cell transplant, cancer, inborn immunity errors or rheumatic diseases were included in the IC group. Immunocompetent adults were used as control group for comparison. Participants received two CoronaVac doses within a 28-day interval. IC received two additional BNT162b2 doses and H received a third BNT162b2 dose (booster). Blood samples were collected at baseline, 28 days after each dose, pre-booster and at the trial end. We used three serological tests to detect antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N), trimeric spike (S), and receptor binding domain (RBD). Outcomes included seroconversion rates (SCR), geometric mean titers (GMT) and GMT ratio (GMTR). A total of 241 IC and 100 H adults participated in the study. After two CoronaVac doses, IC had lower SCR than H: anti-N, 33.3% vs 79%; anti-S, 33.8% vs 86%, and anti-RBD, 48.5% vs 85%, respectively. IC also showed lower GMT than H: anti-N, 2.3 vs 15.1; anti-S, 58.8 vs 213.2 BAU/mL; and anti-RBD, 22.4 vs 168.0 U/mL, respectively. After the 3rd and 4th BNT162b2 doses, IC had significant anti-S and anti-RBD seroconversion, but still lower than H after the 3rd dose. After boosting, GMT increased in IC, but remained lower than in the H group. CoronaVac two-dose schedule immunogenicity was lower in IC than in H. BNT162b2 heterologous booster enhanced immune response in both groups. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 scarce BNTb BNT b BNT162b (IC (H SOT, SOT , (SOT) cancer comparison 28day day interval booster. . (booster) baseline 2 prebooster pre end SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV SARS-CoV- N, N (N) S, S (S) RBD. RBD (RBD) SCR, (SCR) (GMT GMTR. GMTR (GMTR) 24 10 study antiN, antiN anti anti-N 333 33 3 33.3 79% 79 antiS, antiS 338 8 33.8 86 86% antiRBD, antiRBD RBD, 485 48 5 48.5 85 85% respectively 23 2. 15.1 151 15 1 588 58 58. 2132 213 213. BAU/mL BAUmL BAU mL 224 22 4 22. 1680 168 0 168. UmL U U/mL rd th boosting twodose groups COVID1 COVID- (SOT (booster SARS-CoV (N (S (RBD (SCR (GMTR 33. 7 48. 15. 21 16
4.
Redescription of Hyphessobrycon cachimbensis (Characiformes: Characidae) with the description of a new congener from the Serra do Cachimbo, Brazil Characiformes (Characiformes Characidae Cachimbo
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Resumo A Serra do Cachimbo é uma área elevada da borda sudeste da Floresta Amazônica, drenada pelas cabeceiras dos tributários dos rios Xingu e Tapajós. É conhecida como uma área de alto endemismo de peixes, baixa diversidade de espécies e poucos táxons com ampla distribuição em outras partes da Amazônia. Apesar de sua importância biogeográfica, ainda há várias áreas pouco amostradas. Quatro expedições para a região resultaram na redescoberta de uma espécie pouco conhecida e endêmica, Hyphessobrycon cachimbensis, e a descoberta de uma congênere similar não descrita, alopátrica, frequentemente identificada erroneamente como H. cachimbensis. Nós fornecemos a redescrição de H. cachimbensis e a descrição da nova espécie. Ambas podem ser diferenciadas da maioria das congêneres por ter uma faixa longitudinal conspícua escura no corpo e base da nadadeira anal de machos convexa, por conta da inserção de musculatura mais robusta na região. Outros caracteres diagnósticos são, em sua maioria, relacionados à contagem de escamas e raios de nadadeiras. Amazônica Tapajós peixes Amazônia biogeográfica amostradas endêmica descrita alopátrica H convexa são nadadeiras
Abstract The Serra do Cachimbo is a highland area at the southeastern portion of the Amazon Forest drained by the headwaters of tributaries of rios Xingu and Tapajós. It is known as an area of high level of endemism of fish, low species diversity, and very few taxa with broad distribution in the other parts of the Amazon. Despite its biogeographical importance, there are still many poorly sampled areas. Four expeditions to the region yielded in the rediscovery of a poorly known, endemic species, Hyphessobrycon cachimbensis, and the discovery of a similar, allopatric undescribed congener, frequently misidentified as H. cachimbensis. We provided the redescription of H. cachimbensis and the description of the new species. Both can be differentiated from most congeners by having a conspicuous longitudinal dark stripe on body and anal-fin base convex in males, due to thicker musculature insertion in the region. Other diagnostic features are mostly related to counts of scales and fin rays. Tapajós fish diversity importance areas similar congener H analfin anal males rays
5.
The high biodiversity of benthic organisms in a coastal ecosystem revealed by an integrative approach
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Amaral, A. Cecília Z.
; Cunha, Beatriz P.
; Checon, Helio H.
; Godoy, Angélica S. de
; Silva, Camila F. da
; Corte, Guilherme N.
; Nogueira, João M. de M.
; Fukuda, Marcelo V.
; Steiner, Tatiana M.
; Kawauchi, Gisele Y.
; Turra, Alexander
; Denadai, Márcia R.
; Ferreira, Luciane
; Mendonça, Joel B. de
; Tavares, Marcos
; Leite, Fosca P. P.
; Costa, Mariana F. B.
; Siqueira, Silvana G. L.
; Vieira, Leandro M.
; Dias, Gustavo M.
; Teixeira, Joyce A.
; Rocha, Rosana M.
; Gusmão, Luciana C.
; Borges, Michela
; Alitto, Renata
; Machado, Fabrizio M.
; Passos, Flávio D.
; Cunha, Carlo M.
; Simone, Luiz R.L.
; Araujo, Ana Paula G.
; Carbayo, Fernando
; Bahia, Juliana
; Bulnes, Verónica N.
; Castello-Branco, Cristiana
; Hajdu, Eduardo
; Vilas-Boas, Ana Carolina
; Garraffoni, André R. S.
; Schockaert, Ernest
; Fonseca, Gustavo
; Domenico, Maikon Di
; Curini-Galletti, Marco
; Sørensen, Martin V.
; Hochberg, Rick
; Oliveira, Ana Julia F. C. de
; Zampieri, Bruna Del B.
; Chinelatto, Roberta M.
; Migotto, Alvaro E.
.
Resumo O aumento da modificação dos habitats e da perda de espécies demanda esforços consistentes para descrever e compreender os padrões de biodiversidade. O programa BIOTA/FAPESP foi criado nesse contexto e é uma iniciativa de sucesso para promover estudos em biodiversidade e conservação no Brasil. O BIOTA/Araçá é um projeto interdisciplinar que promoveu uma avaliação detalhada da biodiversidade da Baía do Araçá, um ecossistema costeiro localizado ao Norte do estado de São Paulo, Sudeste do Brasil. A baía engloba múltiplos habitats, tais como praias, manguezais, costões rochosos, e uma planície de maré, e também fornece importantes serviços ecossistêmicos. Infelizmente, a baía está sujeita à conflitos sócio-ambientais complexos que contrastam demandas econômicas, sociais e ambientais (i.e. a expansão das atividades do porto vizinho vs. a pesca artesanal de pequena escala e a proteção da biodiversidade). O presente estudo apresenta um levantamento das espécies bentônicas que ocorrem nos diferentes habitats da Baía do Araçá, incluindo dados obtidos durante o projeto BIOTA/Araçá e de investigações realizadas anteriormente na área. As espécies bentônicas desempenham um papel importante no ambiente marinho, e estudar a diversidade desses organismos que vivem associados ao fundo é indispensável para compreender o funcionamento do meio ambiente. A macrofauna, meiofauna, e microorganismos associados aos fundos consolidado e inconsolidado foram listados, e informações adicionais foram fornecidas para cada espécie, tais como a distribuição geográfica e nos habitats. O checklist inclui 826 espécies, quase 70% registradas durante o projeto BIOTA/Araçá. Os taxa mais especiosos foram os anelídeos (225 spp.), moluscos (194 spp.), e crustáceos (177 spp.). Entre as espécies bentônicas listadas, sete são endêmicas da Baía do Araçá, 14 são consideradas ameaçadas de extinção, e sete são exploradas economicamente. A baía é a localidade tipo de vários taxa, e 11 novas espécies bentônicas foram descritas com base em espécimes amostrados durante o projeto. Este projeto mostra a importância da Baía do Araçá como um ambiente de riqueza biológica única e demonstra a necessidade de esforços para a sua conservação considerando as atuais ameaças. BIOTAFAPESP BIOTA FAPESP Brasil BIOTAAraçá Paulo praias manguezais rochosos maré ecossistêmicos Infelizmente sócioambientais sócio econômicas i.e. ie i (i.e vs . biodiversidade) área marinho macrofauna meiofauna listados espécie 82 70 225 (22 spp., spp spp. , spp.) 194 (19 177 (17 spp.. listadas 1 extinção economicamente ameaças i.e 8 7 22 (2 19 (1 17 2 (
Abstract Increasing habitat modification and species loss demand consistent efforts to describe and understand biodiversity patterns. The BIOTA/FAPESP Program was created in this context and it has been a successful initiative to promote studies on biodiversity and conservation in Brazil. The BIOTA/Araçá is an interdisciplinary project that provided a detailed evaluation of the biodiversity of Araçá Bay, a coastal seascape located on the North coast of the state of São Paulo, Southeast Brazil. The bay encompasses multiple habitats, such as beaches, mangroves, rocky shores, and a tidal flat, and provides important ecosystem services. Unfortunately, the bay is the subject of complex social-environmental conflicts that oppose economic, social, and environmental demands (i.e., the expansion of neighboring harbor activities vs. small-scale artisanal fisheries and protection of biodiversity). The present study presents a survey of the benthic species occurring in the different habitats of Araçá Bay, including data obtained during the BIOTA/Araçá project and previous assessments of the area. The benthic species play an important role in marine environments and studying the diversity of these organisms that live associated with the bottom is indispensable for comprehending the environment’s functioning. The macrofauna, meiofauna, and microorganisms associated with soft and hard bottom were listed, and additional information, such as the habitat and geographical distribution, were provided for each species. The checklist includes 826 species, almost 70% recorded during the BIOTA/Araçá project. The most speciose taxa were the annelids (225 spp.), mollusks (194 spp.), and crustaceans (177 spp.). Seven benthic species are endemic to Araçá Bay, 14 are considered threatened, and seven are economically exploited. Furthermore, the bay is the type locality of many taxa, and 11 new benthic species were described based on specimens sampled during the project. This project shows the importance of Araçá Bay as a unique biologically rich environment and highlights the need for conservation efforts in light of the current threats. patterns BIOTAFAPESP BIOTA FAPESP Brazil BIOTAAraçá Paulo beaches mangroves shores flat services Unfortunately socialenvironmental social economic i.e., ie i e (i.e. vs smallscale small scale biodiversity. . biodiversity) area s functioning macrofauna meiofauna listed information distribution 82 70 225 (22 spp., spp spp. , spp.) 194 (19 177 (17 spp.. 1 threatened exploited Furthermore threats i.e. (i.e 8 7 22 (2 19 (1 17 i.e 2 (
6.
Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: Setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil Brasil
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Boeger, Walter A.
; Valim, Michel P.
; Zaher, Hussam
; Rafael, José A.
; Forzza, Rafaela C.
; Percequillo, Alexandre R.
; Serejo, Cristiana S.
; Garraffoni, André R.S.
; Santos, Adalberto J.
; Slipinski, Adam
; Linzmeier, Adelita M.
; Calor, Adolfo R.
; Garda, Adrian A.
; Kury, Adriano B.
; Fernandes, Agatha C.S.
; Agudo-Padrón, Aisur I.
; Akama, Alberto
; Silva Neto, Alberto M. da
; Burbano, Alejandro L.
; Menezes, Aleksandra
; Pereira-Colavite, Alessandre
; Anichtchenko, Alexander
; Lees, Alexander C.
; Bezerra, Alexandra M.R.
; Domahovski, Alexandre C.
; Pimenta, Alexandre D.
; Aleixo, Alexandre L.P.
; Marceniuk, Alexandre P.
; Paula, Alexandre S. de
; Somavilla, Alexandre
; Specht, Alexandre
; Camargo, Alexssandro
; Newton, Alfred F.
; Silva, Aline A.S. da
; Santos, Aline B. dos
; Tassi, Aline D.
; Aragão, Allan C.
; Santos, Allan P.M.
; Migotto, Alvaro E.
; Mendes, Amanda C.
; Cunha, Amanda
; Chagas Júnior, Amazonas
; Sousa, Ana A.T. de
; Pavan, Ana C.
; Almeida, Ana C.S.
; Peronti, Ana L.B.G.
; Henriques-Oliveira, Ana L.
; Prudente, Ana L.
; Tourinho, Ana L.
; Pes, Ana M.O.
; Carmignotto, Ana P.
; Wengrat, Ana P.G. da Silva
; Dornellas, Ana P.S.
; Molin, Anamaria Dal
; Puker, Anderson
; Morandini, André C.
; Ferreira, André da S.
; Martins, André L.
; Esteves, André M.
; Fernandes, André S.
; Roza, André S.
; Köhler, Andreas
; Paladini, Andressa
; Andrade, Andrey J. de
; Pinto, Ângelo P.
; Salles, Anna C. de A.
; Gondim, Anne I.
; Amaral, Antonia C.Z.
; Rondón, Antonio A.A.
; Brescovit, Antonio
; Lofego, Antônio C.
; Marques, Antonio C.
; Macedo, Antonio
; Andriolo, Artur
; Henriques, Augusto L.
; Ferreira Júnior, Augusto L.
; Lima, Aurino F. de
; Barros, Ávyla R. de A.
; Brito, Ayrton do R.
; Romera, Bárbara L.V.
; Vasconcelos, Beatriz M.C. de
; Frable, Benjamin W.
; Santos, Bernardo F.
; Ferraz, Bernardo R.
; Rosa, Brunno B.
; Sampaio, Brunno H.L.
; Bellini, Bruno C.
; Clarkson, Bruno
; Oliveira, Bruno G. de
; Corrêa, Caio C.D.
; Martins, Caleb C.
; Castro-Guedes, Camila F. de
; Souto, Camilla
; Bicho, Carla de L.
; Cunha, Carlo M.
; Barboza, Carlos A. de M.
; Lucena, Carlos A.S. de
; Barreto, Carlos
; Santana, Carlos D.C.M. de
; Agne, Carlos E.Q.
; Mielke, Carlos G.C.
; Caetano, Carlos H.S.
; Flechtmann, Carlos H.W.
; Lamas, Carlos J.E.
; Rocha, Carlos
; Mascarenhas, Carolina S.
; Margaría, Cecilia B.
; Waichert, Cecilia
; Digiani, Celina
; Haddad, Célio F.B.
; Azevedo, Celso O.
; Benetti, Cesar J.
; Santos, Charles M.D. dos
; Bartlett, Charles R.
; Bonvicino, Cibele
; Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S.
; Santos, Cinthya S.G.
; Justino, Cíntia E.L.
; Canedo, Clarissa
; Bonecker, Claudia C.
; Santos, Cláudia P.
; Carvalho, Claudio J.B. de
; Gonçalves, Clayton C.
; Galvão, Cleber
; Costa, Cleide
; Oliveira, Cléo D.C. de
; Schwertner, Cristiano F.
; Andrade, Cristiano L.
; Pereira, Cristiano M.
; Sampaio, Cristiano
; Dias, Cristina de O.
; Lucena, Daercio A. de A.
; Manfio, Daiara
; Amorim, Dalton de S.
; Queiroz, Dalva L. de
; Queiroz, Dalva L. de
; Colpani, Daniara
; Abbate, Daniel
; Aquino, Daniel A.
; Burckhardt, Daniel
; Cavallari, Daniel C.
; Prado, Daniel de C. Schelesky
; Praciano, Daniel L.
; Basílio, Daniel S.
; Bená, Daniela de C.
; Toledo, Daniela G.P. de
; Takiya, Daniela M.
; Fernandes, Daniell R.R.
; Ament, Danilo C.
; Cordeiro, Danilo P.
; Silva, Darliane E.
; Pollock, Darren A.
; Muniz, David B.
; Gibson, David I.
; Nogueira, David S.
; Marques, Dayse W.A.
; Lucatelli, Débora
; Garcia, Deivys M.A.
; Baêta, Délio
; Ferreira, Denise N.M.
; Rueda-Ramírez, Diana
; Fachin, Diego A.
; Souza, Diego de S.
; Rodrigues, Diego F.
; Pádua, Diego G. de
; Barbosa, Diego N.
; Dolibaina, Diego R.
; Amaral, Diogo C.
; Chandler, Donald S.
; Maccagnan, Douglas H.B.
; Caron, Edilson
; Carvalho, Edrielly
; Adriano, Edson A.
; Abreu Júnior, Edson F. de
; Pereira, Edson H.L.
; Viegas, Eduarda F.G.
; Carneiro, Eduardo
; Colley, Eduardo
; Eizirik, Eduardo
; Santos, Eduardo F. dos
; Shimbori, Eduardo M.
; Suárez-Morales, Eduardo
; Arruda, Eliane P. de
; Chiquito, Elisandra A.
; Lima, Élison F.B.
; Castro, Elizeu B. de
; Orlandin, Elton
; Nascimento, Elynton A. do
; Razzolini, Emanuel
; Gama, Emanuel R.R.
; Araujo, Enilma M. de
; Nishiyama, Eric Y.
; Spiessberger, Erich L.
; Santos, Érika C.L. dos
; Contreras, Eugenia F.
; Galati, Eunice A.B.
; Oliveira Junior, Evaldo C. de
; Gallardo, Fabiana
; Hernandes, Fabio A.
; Lansac-Tôha, Fábio A.
; Pitombo, Fabio B.
; Dario, Fabio Di
; Santos, Fábio L. dos
; Mauro, Fabio
; Nascimento, Fabio O. do
; Olmos, Fabio
; Amaral, Fabio R.
; Schunck, Fabio
; Godoi, Fábio S. P. de
; Machado, Fabrizio M.
; Barbo, Fausto E.
; Agrain, Federico A.
; Ribeiro, Felipe B.
; Moreira, Felipe F.F.
; Barbosa, Felipe F.
; Silva, Fenanda S.
; Cavalcanti, Fernanda F.
; Straube, Fernando C.
; Carbayo, Fernando
; Carvalho Filho, Fernando
; Zanella, Fernando C.V.
; Jacinavicius, Fernando de C.
; Farache, Fernando H.A.
; Leivas, Fernando
; Dias, Fernando M.S.
; Mantellato, Fernando
; Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.
; Gudin, Filipe M.
; Albuquerque, Flávio
; Molina, Flavio B.
; Passos, Flávio D.
; Shockley, Floyd W.
; Pinheiro, Francielly F.
; Mello, Francisco de A.G. de
; Nascimento, Francisco E. de L.
; Franco, Francisco L.
; Oliveira, Francisco L. de
; Melo, Francisco T. de V.
; Quijano, Freddy R.B.
; Salles, Frederico F.
; Biffi, Gabriel
; Queiroz, Gabriel C.
; Bizarro, Gabriel L.
; Hrycyna, Gabriela
; Leviski, Gabriela
; Powell, Gareth S.
; Santos, Geane B. dos
; Morse, Geoffrey E.
; Brown, George
; Mattox, George M.T.
; Zimbrão, Geraldo
; Carvalho, Gervásio S.
; Miranda, Gil F.G.
; Moraes, Gilberto J. de
; Lourido, Gilcélia M.
; Neves, Gilmar P.
; Moreira, Gilson R.P.
; Montingelli, Giovanna G.
; Maurício, Giovanni N.
; Marconato, Gláucia
; Lopez, Guilherme E.L.
; Silva, Guilherme L. da
; Muricy, Guilherme
; Brito, Guilherme R.R.
; Garbino, Guilherme S.T.
; Flores, Gustavo E.
; Graciolli, Gustavo
; Libardi, Gustavo S.
; Proctor, Heather C.
; Gil-Santana, Helcio R.
; Varella, Henrique R.
; Escalona, Hermes E.
; Schmitz, Hermes J.
; Rodrigues, Higor D.D.
; Galvão Filho, Hilton de C.
; Quintino, Hingrid Y.S.
; Pinto, Hudson A.
; Rainho, Hugo L.
; Miyahira, Igor C.
; Gonçalves, Igor de S.
; Martins, Inês X.
; Cardoso, Irene A.
; Oliveira, Ismael B. de
; Franz, Ismael
; Fernandes, Itanna O.
; Golfetti, Ivan F.
; S. Campos-Filho, Ivanklin
; Oliveira, Ivo de S.
; Delabie, Jacques H.C.
; Oliveira, Jader de
; Prando, Jadila S.
; Patton, James L.
; Bitencourt, Jamille de A.
; Silva, Janaina M.
; Santos, Jandir C.
; Arruda, Janine O.
; Valderrama, Jefferson S.
; Dalapicolla, Jeronymo
; Oliveira, Jéssica P.
; Hájek, Jiri
; Morselli, João P.
; Narita, João P.
; Martin, João P.I.
; Grazia, Jocélia
; McHugh, Joe
; Cherem, Jorge J.
; Farias Júnior, José A.S.
; Fernandes, Jose A.M.
; Pacheco, José F.
; Birindelli, José L.O.
; Rezende, José M.
; Avendaño, Jose M.
; Duarte, José M. Barbanti
; Ribeiro, José R. Inácio
; Mermudes, José R.M.
; Pujol-Luz, José R.
; Santos, Josenilson R. dos
; Câmara, Josenir T.
; Teixeira, Joyce A.
; Prado, Joyce R. do
; Botero, Juan P.
; Almeida, Julia C.
; Kohler, Julia
; Gonçalves, Julia P.
; Beneti, Julia S.
; Donahue, Julian P.
; Alvim, Juliana
; Almeida, Juliana C.
; Segadilha, Juliana L.
; Wingert, Juliana M.
; Barbosa, Julianna F.
; Ferrer, Juliano
; Santos, Juliano F. dos
; Kuabara, Kamila M.D.
; Nascimento, Karine B.
; Schoeninger, Karine
; Campião, Karla M.
; Soares, Karla
; Zilch, Kássia
; Barão, Kim R.
; Teixeira, Larissa
; Sousa, Laura D. do N.M. de
; Dumas, Leandro L.
; Vieira, Leandro M.
; Azevedo, Leonardo H.G.
; Carvalho, Leonardo S.
; Souza, Leonardo S. de
; Rocha, Leonardo S.G.
; Bernardi, Leopoldo F.O.
; Vieira, Letícia M.
; Johann, Liana
; Salvatierra, Lidianne
; Oliveira, Livia de M.
; Loureiro, Lourdes M.A. El-moor
; Barreto, Luana B.
; Barros, Luana M.
; Lecci, Lucas
; Camargos, Lucas M. de
; Lima, Lucas R.C.
; Almeida, Lucia M.
; Martins, Luciana R.
; Marinoni, Luciane
; Moura, Luciano de A.
; Lima, Luciano
; Naka, Luciano N.
; Miranda, Lucília S.
; Salik, Lucy M.
; Bezerra, Luis E.A.
; Silveira, Luis F.
; Campos, Luiz A.
; Castro, Luiz A.S. de
; Pinho, Luiz C.
; Silveira, Luiz F.L.
; Iniesta, Luiz F.M.
; Tencatt, Luiz F.C.
; Simone, Luiz R.L.
; Malabarba, Luiz R.
; Cruz, Luiza S. da
; Sekerka, Lukas
; Barros, Lurdiana D.
; Santos, Luziany Q.
; Skoracki, Maciej
; Correia, Maira A.
; Uchoa, Manoel A.
; Andrade, Manuella F.G.
; Hermes, Marcel G.
; Miranda, Marcel S.
; Araújo, Marcel S. de
; Monné, Marcela L.
; Labruna, Marcelo B.
; Santis, Marcelo D. de
; Duarte, Marcelo
; Knoff, Marcelo
; Nogueira, Marcelo
; Britto, Marcelo R. de
; Melo, Marcelo R.S. de
; Carvalho, Marcelo R. de
; Tavares, Marcelo T.
; Kitahara, Marcelo V.
; Justo, Marcia C.N.
; Botelho, Marcia J.C.
; Couri, Márcia S.
; Borges-Martins, Márcio
; Felix, Márcio
; Oliveira, Marcio L. de
; Bologna, Marco A.
; Gottschalk, Marco S.
; Tavares, Marcos D.S.
; Lhano, Marcos G.
; Bevilaqua, Marcus
; Santos, Marcus T.T.
; Domingues, Marcus V.
; Sallum, Maria A.M.
; Digiani, María C.
; Santarém, Maria C.A.
; Nascimento, Maria C. do
; Becerril, María de los A.M.
; Santos, Maria E.A. dos
; Passos, Maria I. da S. dos
; Felippe-Bauer, Maria L.
; Cherman, Mariana A.
; Terossi, Mariana
; Bartz, Marie L.C.
; Barbosa, Marina F. de C.
; Loeb, Marina V.
; Cohn-Haft, Mario
; Cupello, Mario
; Martins, Marlúcia B.
; Christofersen, Martin L.
; Bento, Matheus
; Rocha, Matheus dos S.
; Martins, Maurício L.
; Segura, Melissa O.
; Cardenas, Melissa Q.
; Duarte, Mércia E.
; Ivie, Michael A.
; Mincarone, Michael M.
; Borges, Michela
; Monné, Miguel A.
; Casagrande, Mirna M.
; Fernandez, Monica A.
; Piovesan, Mônica
; Menezes, Naércio A.
; Benaim, Natalia P.
; Reategui, Natália S.
; Pedro, Natan C.
; Pecly, Nathalia H.
; Ferreira Júnior, Nelson
; Silva Júnior, Nelson J. da
; Perioto, Nelson W.
; Hamada, Neusa
; Degallier, Nicolas
; Chao, Ning L.
; Ferla, Noeli J.
; Mielke, Olaf H.H.
; Evangelista, Olivia
; Shibatta, Oscar A.
; Oliveira, Otto M.P.
; Albornoz, Pablo C.L.
; Dellapé, Pablo M.
; Gonçalves, Pablo R.
; Shimabukuro, Paloma H.F.
; Grossi, Paschoal
; Rodrigues, Patrícia E. da S.
; Lima, Patricia O.V.
; Velazco, Paul
; Santos, Paula B. dos
; Araújo, Paula B.
; Silva, Paula K.R.
; Riccardi, Paula R.
; Garcia, Paulo C. de A.
; Passos, Paulo G.H.
; Corgosinho, Paulo H.C.
; Lucinda, Paulo
; Costa, Paulo M.S.
; Alves, Paulo P.
; Roth, Paulo R. de O.
; Coelho, Paulo R.S.
; Duarte, Paulo R.M.
; Carvalho, Pedro F. de
; Gnaspini, Pedro
; Souza-Dias, Pedro G.B.
; Linardi, Pedro M.
; Bartholomay, Pedro R.
; Demite, Peterson R.
; Bulirsch, Petr
; Boll, Piter K.
; Pereira, Rachel M.M.
; Silva, Rafael A.P.F.
; Moura, Rafael B. de
; Boldrini, Rafael
; Silva, Rafaela A. da
; Falaschi, Rafaela L.
; Cordeiro, Ralf T.S.
; Mello, Ramon J.C.L.
; Singer, Randal A.
; Querino, Ranyse B.
; Heleodoro, Raphael A.
; Castilho, Raphael de C.
; Constantino, Reginaldo
; Guedes, Reinaldo C.
; Carrenho, Renan
; Gomes, Renata S.
; Gregorin, Renato
; Machado, Renato J.P.
; Bérnils, Renato S.
; Capellari, Renato S.
; Silva, Ricardo B.
; Kawada, Ricardo
; Dias, Ricardo M.
; Siewert, Ricardo
; Brugnera, Ricaro
; Leschen, Richard A.B.
; Constantin, Robert
; Robbins, Robert
; Pinto, Roberta R.
; Reis, Roberto E. dos
; Ramos, Robson T. da C.
; Cavichioli, Rodney R.
; Barros, Rodolfo C. de
; Caires, Rodrigo A.
; Salvador, Rodrigo B.
; Marques, Rodrigo C.
; Araújo, Rodrigo C.
; Araujo, Rodrigo de O.
; Dios, Rodrigo de V.P.
; Johnsson, Rodrigo
; Feitosa, Rodrigo M.
; Hutchings, Roger W.
; Lara, Rogéria I.R.
; Rossi, Rogério V.
; Gerstmeier, Roland
; Ochoa, Ronald
; Hutchings, Rosa S.G.
; Ale-Rocha, Rosaly
; Rocha, Rosana M. da
; Tidon, Rosana
; Brito, Rosangela
; Pellens, Roseli
; Santos, Sabrina R. dos
; Santos, Sandra D. dos
; Paiva, Sandra V.
; Santos, Sandro
; Oliveira, Sarah S. de
; Costa, Sávio C.
; Gardner, Scott L.
; Leal, Sebastián A. Muñoz
; Aloquio, Sergio
; Bonecker, Sergio L.C.
; Bueno, Sergio L. de S.
; Almeida, Sérgio M. de
; Stampar, Sérgio N.
; Andena, Sérgio R.
; Posso, Sergio R.
; Lima, Sheila P.
; Gadelha, Sian de S.
; Thiengo, Silvana C.
; Cohen, Simone C.
; Brandão, Simone N.
; Rosa, Simone P.
; Ribeiro, Síria L.B.
; Letana, Sócrates D.
; Santos, Sonia B. dos
; Andrade, Sonia C.S.
; Dávila, Stephane
; Vaz, Stéphanie
; Peck, Stewart B.
; Christo, Susete W.
; Cunha, Suzan B.Z.
; Gomes, Suzete R.
; Duarte, Tácio
; Madeira-Ott, Taís
; Marques, Taísa
; Roell, Talita
; Lima, Tarcilla C. de
; Sepulveda, Tatiana A.
; Maria, Tatiana F.
; Ruschel, Tatiana P.
; Rodrigues, Thaiana
; Marinho, Thais A.
; Almeida, Thaís M. de
; Miranda, Thaís P.
; Freitas, Thales R.O.
; Pereira, Thalles P.L.
; Zacca, Thamara
; Pacheco, Thaynara L.
; Martins, Thiago F.
; Alvarenga, Thiago M.
; Carvalho, Thiago R. de
; Polizei, Thiago T.S.
; McElrath, Thomas C.
; Henry, Thomas
; Pikart, Tiago G.
; Porto, Tiago J.
; Krolow, Tiago K.
; Carvalho, Tiago P.
; Lotufo, Tito M. da C.
; Caramaschi, Ulisses
; Pinheiro, Ulisses dos S.
; Pardiñas, Ulyses F.J.
; Maia, Valéria C.
; Tavares, Valeria
; Costa, Valmir A.
; Amaral, Vanessa S. do
; Silva, Vera C.
; Wolff, Vera R. dos S.
; Slobodian, Verônica
; Silva, Vinícius B. da
; Espíndola, Vinicius C.
; Costa-Silva, Vinicius da
; Bertaco, Vinicius de A.
; Padula, Vinícius
; Ferreira, Vinicius S.
; Silva, Vitor C.P. da
; Piacentini, Vítor de Q.
; Sandoval-Gómez, Vivian E.
; Trevine, Vivian
; Sousa, Viviane R.
; Sant’Anna, Vivianne B. de
; Mathis, Wayne N.
; Souza, Wesley de O.
; Colombo, Wesley D.
; Tomaszewska, Wioletta
; Wosiacki, Wolmar B.
; Ovando, Ximena M.C.
; Leite, Yuri L.R.
.
ABSTRACT The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others. publications problem uptodate up date classifications context exception (CTFB http//fauna.jbrj.gov.br/, httpfaunajbrjgovbr http //fauna.jbrj.gov.br/ , jbrj gov br (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/) 2015 Brazil 80 specialists 1 2024 133691 133 691 133,69 125138 125 138 125,13 82.3%, 823 82 3 (82.3% 102000 102 000 102,00 7.69%, 769 7 69 (7.69% 11000 11 11,00 . 3,567 3567 567 (3,56 2,292 2292 2 292 (2,29 1,833 1833 833 (1,83 1,447 1447 447 (1,44 1000 1,00 831 (83 628 (62 606 (60 520 (52 50 users science health biology law anthropology education others http//fauna.jbrj.gov.br/ faunajbrjgovbr //fauna.jbrj.gov.br (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/ 201 8 202 13369 13 133,6 12513 12 125,1 82.3% (82.3 10200 10 00 102,0 7.69% 76 6 (7.69 1100 11,0 3,56 356 56 (3,5 2,29 229 29 (2,2 1,83 183 83 (1,8 1,44 144 44 (1,4 100 1,0 (8 62 (6 60 52 (5 5 http//fauna.jbrj.gov.br (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br 20 1336 133, 1251 125, 82.3 (82. 1020 0 102, 7.69 (7.6 110 11, 3,5 35 (3, 2,2 22 (2, 1,8 18 (1, 1,4 14 4 ( 82. (82 7.6 (7. 3, (3 2, (2 (1 7. (7
7.
Electrochemical Oxidation Using Parallel Plate Flow Reactors as an Alternative Technique to Treat Single and Trichromy Dye Effluents
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Ferreira, Maiara B.
; Santos, Elaine Cristina M. de Moura
; Nascimento, José H. Oliveira
; Galvão, Felipe M. Fontes
; Santos, Elisama Vieira dos
; Santos, José Eudes Lima
; Espinoza-Montero, Patricio J.
; Martínez-Huitle, Carlos A.
.
Abstract. Electrochemical oxidation (EO) has been investigated as an alternative treatment technique for the remediation of real textile effluents containing a single dye and a trichromy of Remazol Yellow 3RS (RY 3RS), Remazol Red RR Gran (RR-RR Gran) and Navy Blue CL-R (NB CL-R) dyes, using a parallel plate flow reactor equipped with Ti/Pt or Ti/Pt-Sn-Sb electrocatalytic materials and Ti as cathode. The influence of the anode material and applied current densities on decolourization, organic matter decrease, cell potential and energy consumption during EO was examined. Higher color removal was achieved with Ti/Pt-Sn-Sb in all treated effluents compared to Ti/Pt at all electrolysis times, due to high oxidant production, especially hydroxyl radicals on their surface. Polymer film formation on the anode surface inhibited chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal during the treatment of a single effluent containing RY 3RS and RR-RR Gran dyes with either anode, whereas COD removal efficiencies of 13.93 % and 30.03 %, and 54.74 % and 74.48 % were obtained for Ti/Pt and Ti/Pt-Sn-Sb, respectively, in treating trichromy effluent after 240 min of electrolysis. Lower energy consumption was required by Ti/Pt-Sn-Sb compared to the Ti/Pt anode. In most of the trials studied, EO enhanced dissolved oxygen (DO) and reduced effluent turbidity, making it safe for disposal in the environment.
Resumen. La oxidación electroquímica (EO) se ha investigado como una técnica de tratamiento alternativa para la remediación de efluentes textiles reales que contienen un solo tinte y una tricromía de Remazol Yellow 3RS (RY 3RS), Remazol Red RR Gran (RR-RR Gran) y Navy Blue CL -R (NB CL-R), utilizando un reactor de flujo de placas paralelas equipado con materiales electrocatalíticos Ti/Pt o Ti/Pt-Sn-Sb y Ti como cátodo. Se examinó la influencia del material del ánodo y las densidades de corriente aplicadas sobre la decoloración, la reducción de materia orgánica, el potencial de celda y el consumo de energía durante la EO. Se logró una mayor remoción de color con Ti/Pt-Sn-Sb en todos los efluentes tratados en comparación con Ti/Pt en todos los tiempos de electrólisis, debido a la alta producción de oxidantes, especialmente radicales hidroxilos en su superficie. La formación de una película de polímero en la superficie del ánodo inhibió la eliminación de la demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) durante el tratamiento de un solo efluente que contenía colorantes RY 3RS y RR-RR Gran con cualquiera de los ánodos, mientras que las eficiencias de eliminación de DQO del 13,93 % y 30,03 %, y del 54,74 % y Se obtuvo 74,48 % para Ti/Pt y Ti/Pt-Sn-Sb, respectivamente, en el tratamiento de efluentes de tricromía después de 240 min de electrólisis. El Ti/Pt-Sn-Sb requería un menor consumo de energía en comparación con el ánodo de Ti/Pt. En la mayoría de los ensayos estudiados, el EO mejoró el oxígeno disuelto (OD) y redujo la turbidez del efluente, haciéndolo seguro para su eliminación en el medio ambiente.
8.
New statistical process control charts for overdispersed count data based on the Bell distribution
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BOAVENTURA, LAION L.
; FERREIRA, PAULO H.
; FIACCONE, ROSEMEIRE L.
; RAMOS, PEDRO L.
; LOUZADA, FRANCISCO
.
Abstract Poisson distribution is a popular discrete model used to describe counting information, from which traditional control charts involving count data, such as the c and u charts, have been established in the literature. However, several studies recognize the need for alternative control charts that allow for data overdispersion, which can be encountered in many fields, including ecology, healthcare, industry, and others. The Bell distribution, recently proposed by Castellares et al. (2018), is a particular solution of a multiple Poisson process able to accommodate overdispersed data. It can be used as an alternative to the usual Poisson (which, although not nested in the Bell family, is approached for small values of the Bell distribution) Poisson, negative binomial, and COM-Poisson distributions for modeling count data in several areas. In this paper, we consider the Bell distribution to introduce two new exciting, and useful statistical control charts for counting processes, which are capable of monitoring count data with overdispersion. The performance of the so-called Bell charts, namely Bell-c and Bell-u charts, is evaluated by the average run length in numerical simulation. Some artificial and real data sets are used to illustrate the applicability of the proposed control charts. information literature However overdispersion fields ecology healthcare industry others al 2018, 2018 , (2018) which, (which family binomial COMPoisson COM areas paper exciting processes socalled so called Bellc Bellu simulation 201 (2018 20 (201 2 (20 (2 (
9.
Flora of Espírito Santo: Hiraeoide and Malpighioide clades (Malpighiaceae) Santo Malpighiaceae (Malpighiaceae
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Resumo Apresentamos o tratamento taxonômico de quatro gêneros e oito espécies dos clados hiraeoide e malpighioide (Malpighiaceae) no estado do Espírito Santo. Hiraea e Mascagnia foram os gêneros de maior diversidade com três espécies registradas, cada, seguidos por Amorimia e Lophopterys com uma única espécie, cada. Duas espécies encontram-se ameaçadas de extinção: H. bullata e M. velutina. As principais características que podem ser utilizadas para a diferenciar os gêneros no Espírito Santo são: as estípulas epipeciolares ou interpeciolares, o indumento dos ramos, os tipos de inflorescências, o número de elaiofóros e características dos mericarpos. Apresentamos descrições morfológicas, chaves de identificação, comentários taxonômicos, mapas de distribuição geográfica e pranchas de imagens para as espécies. Malpighiaceae (Malpighiaceae registradas cada espécie encontramse encontram se extinção H M velutina são interpeciolares ramos inflorescências mericarpos morfológicas identificação taxonômicos
Abstract This is a taxonomic treatment of four genera and eight species of the hiraeoide and malpighioide clades (Malpighiaceae) in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Hiraea and Mascagnia are the most diverse genera, with three species each, followed by Amorimia and Lophopterys, with one species each. Two species are listed as threatened: H. bullata and M. velutina. The main characteristics that can be used to identify the genera in Espírito Santo are epipetiolar or interpetiolar stipules, the indumentum on the branches, the inflorescence type, the number of elaiophores, and characteristics of the mericarps. Morphological descriptions, identification keys, taxonomic notes, geographic distribution maps, and photographic plates are provided for the species. Malpighiaceae (Malpighiaceae Brazil each Lophopterys threatened H M velutina stipules branches type elaiophores mericarps descriptions keys notes maps
10.
Prevalence and correlates of childhood anemia in the MINA-Brazil birth cohort study
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Cardoso, Marly A
; Lourenço, Bárbara H.
; Matijasevich, Alicia
; Castro, Marcia C
; Ferreira, Marcelo U
.
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the prevalence and predictors of childhood anemia in an Amazonian population-based birth cohort study. METHODS: Prevalence of maternal anemia was estimated at delivery (hemoglobin [Hb] concentration < 110 g/L) in women participating in the MINA-Brazil birth cohort study and in their children, examined at ages one, two (Hb < 110 g/L), and five (Hb < 115 g/L). Moreover, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, and C-reactive protein concentrations were measured in mothers at delivery and in their 1- and 2-year-old children to estimate the prevalence of iron deficiency and its contribution to anemia, while adjusting for potential confounders by multiple Poisson regression analysis (adjusted relative risk [RRa]). RESULTS: The prevalence 95% confidence interval (CI) of maternal anemia, iron deficiency, and iron-deficiency anemia at delivery were 17.3% (14.0–21.0%), 42.6% (38.0–47.2%), and 8.7% (6.3–11.6)%, respectively (n = 462). At one year of age (n = 646), 42.2% (38.7–45.8%) of the study children were anemic, 38.4% (34.6–42.3%) were iron-deficient, and 26.3 (23.0–29.9) had iron-deficiency anemia. At two years of age (n = 761), these values decreased to 12.8% (10.6–15.2%), 18.1% (15.5–21.1%), and 4.1% (2.8–5.7%), respectively; at five years of age (n = 655), 5.2% (3.6–7.2%) were anemic. Iron deficiency (RRa = 2.19; 95%CI: 1.84–2.60) and consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) (RRa = 1.56; 95%CI: 1.14–2.13) were significant contributors to anemia at 1 year, after adjusting for maternal schooling. At 2 years, anemia was significantly associated with maternal anemia at delivery (RRa: 1.67; 95%CI: 1.17–2.39), malaria since birth (2.25; 1.30–3.87), and iron deficiency (2.15; 1.47–3.15), after adjusting for children's age and household wealth index. CONCLUSIONS: Anemia continues to be highly prevalent during pregnancy and early childhood in the Amazon. Public health policies should address iron deficiency, UPF intake, maternal anemia, and malaria to prevent and treat anemia in Amazonian children.
RESUMO OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a prevalência e os preditores de anemia na infância em um estudo de coorte de nascimentos de base populacional amazônica. MÉTODOS: Estimou-se a prevalência de anemia materna no parto (concentração de hemoglobina [Hb] < 110 g/L) em mulheres participantes do estudo de coorte de nascimentos MINA-Brasil e em seus filhos, examinados nas idades um, dois (Hb < 110 g/L) e cinco anos (Hb < 115 g/L). Além disso, as concentrações de ferritina, receptor solúvel de transferrina e proteína C reativa foram medidas em mães no parto e em seus filhos de 1 e 2 anos de idade para estimar a prevalência de deficiência de ferro e sua contribuição para anemia, ajustando para potenciais fatores de confusão por análise de regressão múltipla de Poisson (risco relativo ajustado [RRa]). RESULTADOS: As prevalências com intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95% de anemia materna, deficiência de ferro e anemia ferropriva no parto foram de 17,3% (14,0–21,0%), 42,6% (38,0–47,2%) e 8,7% (6,3–11,6%), respectivamente (n = 462). No primeiro ano de idade (n = 646), 42,2% (38,7–45,8%) das crianças estudadas eram anêmicas, 38,4% (34,6–42,3%) eram deficientes em ferro e 26,3 (23,0–29,9%) tinham anemia ferropriva. Aos dois anos de idade (n = 761), esses valores diminuíram para 12,8% (10,6–15,2%), 18,1% (15,5–21,1%) e 4,1% (2,8–5,7%), respectivamente; aos cinco anos de idade (n = 655), 5,2% (3,6–7,2%) eram anêmicos. A deficiência de ferro (RRa = 2,19, IC95%: 1,84–2,60) e consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados (AUP) (RRa = 1,56, IC95%: 1,14–2,13) foram contribuintes significantes para anemia no 1° ano de idade, após ajuste para escolaridade materna. Aos 2 anos, a anemia associou-se significativamente à anemia materna no parto (RRa = 1,67; IC95%: 1,17–2,39), malária desde o nascimento (2,25; 1,30–3,87) e deficiência de ferro (2,15; 1,47–3,15), após ajuste para idade das crianças e índice de riqueza familiar. CONCLUSÕES: A anemia continua sendo altamente prevalente durante a gravidez e a primeira infância na Amazônia. Políticas públicas de saúde devem abordar a deficiência de ferro, o consumo de AUP, a anemia materna e a malária para prevenir e tratar a anemia em crianças amazônicas.
11.
Prevalence and correlates of childhood anemia in the MINA-Brazil birth cohort study MINABrazil MINA Brazil
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Cardoso, Marly A
; Lourenço, Bárbara H.
; Matijasevich, Alicia
; Castro, Marcia C
; Ferreira, Marcelo U
.
RESUMO OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a prevalência e os preditores de anemia na infância em um estudo de coorte de nascimentos de base populacional amazônica. MÉTODOS: Estimou-se a prevalência de anemia materna no parto (concentração de hemoglobina [Hb] < 110 g/L) em mulheres participantes do estudo de coorte de nascimentos MINA-Brasil e em seus filhos, examinados nas idades um, dois (Hb < 110 g/L) e cinco anos (Hb < 115 g/L). Além disso, as concentrações de ferritina, receptor solúvel de transferrina e proteína C reativa foram medidas em mães no parto e em seus filhos de 1 e 2 anos de idade para estimar a prevalência de deficiência de ferro e sua contribuição para anemia, ajustando para potenciais fatores de confusão por análise de regressão múltipla de Poisson (risco relativo ajustado [RRa]). RESULTADOS: As prevalências com intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95% de anemia materna, deficiência de ferro e anemia ferropriva no parto foram de 17,3% (14,0–21,0%), 42,6% (38,0–47,2%) e 8,7% (6,3–11,6%), respectivamente (n = 462). No primeiro ano de idade (n = 646), 42,2% (38,7–45,8%) das crianças estudadas eram anêmicas, 38,4% (34,6–42,3%) eram deficientes em ferro e 26,3 (23,0–29,9%) tinham anemia ferropriva. Aos dois anos de idade (n = 761), esses valores diminuíram para 12,8% (10,6–15,2%), 18,1% (15,5–21,1%) e 4,1% (2,8–5,7%), respectivamente; aos cinco anos de idade (n = 655), 5,2% (3,6–7,2%) eram anêmicos. A deficiência de ferro (RRa = 2,19, IC95%: 1,84–2,60) e consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados (AUP) (RRa = 1,56, IC95%: 1,14–2,13) foram contribuintes significantes para anemia no 1° ano de idade, após ajuste para escolaridade materna. Aos 2 anos, a anemia associou-se significativamente à anemia materna no parto (RRa = 1,67; IC95%: 1,17–2,39), malária desde o nascimento (2,25; 1,30–3,87) e deficiência de ferro (2,15; 1,47–3,15), após ajuste para idade das crianças e índice de riqueza familiar. CONCLUSÕES: A anemia continua sendo altamente prevalente durante a gravidez e a primeira infância na Amazônia. Políticas públicas de saúde devem abordar a deficiência de ferro, o consumo de AUP, a anemia materna e a malária para prevenir e tratar a anemia em crianças amazônicas. OBJETIVO amazônica MÉTODOS Estimouse Estimou se concentração Hb [Hb 11 g/L gL g L MINABrasil MINA Brasil g/L. . disso ferritina risco RRa. RRa [RRa]) RESULTADOS IC (IC 95 173 17 3 17,3 14,0–21,0%, 140210 14,0–21,0% , 14 0 21 (14,0–21,0%) 426 42 6 42,6 38,0–47,2% 380472 38 47 (38,0–47,2% 87 8 7 8,7 6,3–11,6%, 63116 6,3–11,6% (6,3–11,6%) n 462. 462 462) 646, 646 646) 422 42,2 38,7–45,8% 387458 45 (38,7–45,8% anêmicas 384 4 38,4 34,6–42,3% 346423 34 (34,6–42,3% 263 26 26, 23,0–29,9% 230299 23 29 9 (23,0–29,9% 761, 761 761) 128 12 12,8 10,6–15,2%, 106152 10,6–15,2% 10 15 (10,6–15,2%) 181 18 18,1 15,5–21,1% 155211 5 (15,5–21,1% 41 4,1 2,8–5,7%, 2857 2,8–5,7% (2,8–5,7%) 655, 655 655) 52 5,2 3,6–7,2% 3672 (3,6–7,2% anêmicos 219 19 2,19 IC95% IC95 1,84–2,60 184260 84 60 AUP (AUP 156 56 1,56 1,14–2,13 114213 13 associouse associou 1,67 167 67 1,17–2,39, 117239 1,17–2,39 39 1,17–2,39) 2,25 225 25 (2,25 1,30–3,87 130387 30 2,15 215 (2,15 1,47–3,15, 147315 1,47–3,15 1,47–3,15) familiar CONCLUSÕES Amazônia amazônicas [RRa] 17, 14021 14,0–21,0 (14,0–21,0% 42, 38,0–47,2 38047 (38,0–47,2 8, 6311 6,3–11,6 (6,3–11,6% 46 64 38,7–45,8 38745 (38,7–45,8 38, 34,6–42,3 34642 (34,6–42,3 23,0–29,9 23029 (23,0–29,9 76 12, 10615 10,6–15,2 (10,6–15,2% 18, 15,5–21,1 15521 (15,5–21,1 4, 285 2,8–5,7 (2,8–5,7% 65 5, 3,6–7,2 367 (3,6–7,2 2,1 IC9 1,84–2,6 18426 1,5 1,14–2,1 11421 1,6 16 11723 1,17–2,3 2,2 22 (2,2 1,30–3,8 13038 (2,1 14731 1,47–3,1 [RRa 1402 14,0–21, (14,0–21,0 38,0–47, 3804 (38,0–47, 631 6,3–11, (6,3–11,6 38,7–45, 3874 (38,7–45, 34,6–42, 3464 (34,6–42, 23,0–29, 2302 (23,0–29, 1061 10,6–15, (10,6–15,2 15,5–21, 1552 (15,5–21, 28 2,8–5, (2,8–5,7 3,6–7, 36 (3,6–7, 2, 1,84–2, 1842 1, 1,14–2, 1142 1172 1,17–2, (2, 1,30–3, 1303 1473 1,47–3, 140 14,0–21 (14,0–21, 38,0–47 380 (38,0–47 63 6,3–11 (6,3–11, 38,7–45 387 (38,7–45 34,6–42 346 (34,6–42 23,0–29 230 (23,0–29 106 10,6–15 (10,6–15, 15,5–21 155 (15,5–21 2,8–5 (2,8–5, 3,6–7 (3,6–7 1,84–2 184 1,14–2 114 117 1,17–2 (2 1,30–3 130 147 1,47–3 14,0–2 (14,0–21 38,0–4 (38,0–4 6,3–1 (6,3–11 38,7–4 (38,7–4 34,6–4 (34,6–4 23,0–2 (23,0–2 10,6–1 (10,6–15 15,5–2 (15,5–2 2,8– (2,8–5 3,6– (3,6– 1,84– 1,14– 1,17– ( 1,30– 1,47– 14,0– (14,0–2 38,0– (38,0– 6,3– (6,3–1 38,7– (38,7– 34,6– (34,6– 23,0– (23,0– 10,6– (10,6–1 15,5– (15,5– 2,8 (2,8– 3,6 (3,6 1,84 1,14 1,17 1,30 1,47 14,0 (14,0– 38,0 (38,0 6,3 (6,3– 38,7 (38,7 34,6 (34,6 23,0 (23,0 10,6 (10,6– 15,5 (15,5 (2,8 3, (3, 1,8 1,1 1,3 1,4 14, (14,0 (38, 6, (6,3 34, (34, 23, (23, 10, (10,6 15, (15, (3 (14, (38 (6, (34 (23 (10, (15 (14 (6 (10 (1
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the prevalence and predictors of childhood anemia in an Amazonian population-based birth cohort study. METHODS: Prevalence of maternal anemia was estimated at delivery (hemoglobin [Hb] concentration < 110 g/L) in women participating in the MINA-Brazil birth cohort study and in their children, examined at ages one, two (Hb < 110 g/L), and five (Hb < 115 g/L). Moreover, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, and C-reactive protein concentrations were measured in mothers at delivery and in their 1- and 2-year-old children to estimate the prevalence of iron deficiency and its contribution to anemia, while adjusting for potential confounders by multiple Poisson regression analysis (adjusted relative risk [RRa]). RESULTS: The prevalence 95% confidence interval (CI) of maternal anemia, iron deficiency, and iron-deficiency anemia at delivery were 17.3% (14.0–21.0%), 42.6% (38.0–47.2%), and 8.7% (6.3–11.6)%, respectively (n = 462). At one year of age (n = 646), 42.2% (38.7–45.8%) of the study children were anemic, 38.4% (34.6–42.3%) were iron-deficient, and 26.3 (23.0–29.9) had iron-deficiency anemia. At two years of age (n = 761), these values decreased to 12.8% (10.6–15.2%), 18.1% (15.5–21.1%), and 4.1% (2.8–5.7%), respectively; at five years of age (n = 655), 5.2% (3.6–7.2%) were anemic. Iron deficiency (RRa = 2.19; 95%CI: 1.84–2.60) and consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) (RRa = 1.56; 95%CI: 1.14–2.13) were significant contributors to anemia at 1 year, after adjusting for maternal schooling. At 2 years, anemia was significantly associated with maternal anemia at delivery (RRa: 1.67; 95%CI: 1.17–2.39), malaria since birth (2.25; 1.30–3.87), and iron deficiency (2.15; 1.47–3.15), after adjusting for children's age and household wealth index. CONCLUSIONS: Anemia continues to be highly prevalent during pregnancy and early childhood in the Amazon. Public health policies should address iron deficiency, UPF intake, maternal anemia, and malaria to prevent and treat anemia in Amazonian children. OBJECTIVE populationbased population based METHODS hemoglobin Hb [Hb 11 g/L gL g L MINABrazil MINA Brazil g/L, , g/L. . Moreover ferritin receptor Creactive C reactive 2yearold yearold old adjusted RRa. RRa [RRa]) RESULTS 95 CI (CI irondeficiency 173 17 3 17.3 14.0–21.0%, 140210 14.0–21.0% 14 0 21 (14.0–21.0%) 426 42 6 42.6 38.0–47.2%, 380472 38.0–47.2% 38 47 (38.0–47.2%) 87 8 7 8.7 6.3–11.6%, 63116 6.3–11.6 %, (6.3–11.6)% n 462. 462 462) 646, 646 646) 422 42.2 38.7–45.8% 387458 45 (38.7–45.8% anemic 384 4 38.4 34.6–42.3% 346423 34 (34.6–42.3% irondeficient, irondeficient deficient, deficient iron-deficient 263 26 26. 23.0–29.9 230299 23 29 9 (23.0–29.9 761, 761 761) 128 12 12.8 10.6–15.2%, 106152 10.6–15.2% 10 15 (10.6–15.2%) 181 18 18.1 15.5–21.1%, 155211 15.5–21.1% 5 (15.5–21.1%) 41 4.1 2.8–5.7%, 2857 2.8–5.7% (2.8–5.7%) 655, 655 655) 52 5.2 3.6–7.2% 3672 (3.6–7.2% 2.19 219 19 95%CI 95CI 1.84–2.60 184260 84 60 ultraprocessed ultra processed (UPF 1.56 156 56 1.14–2.13 114213 13 schooling 1.67 167 67 1.17–2.39, 117239 1.17–2.39 39 1.17–2.39) 2.25 225 25 (2.25 1.30–3.87, 130387 1.30–3.87 30 1.30–3.87) 2.15 215 (2.15 1.47–3.15, 147315 1.47–3.15 1.47–3.15) childrens s index CONCLUSIONS Amazon intake [RRa] 17. 14021 14.0–21.0 (14.0–21.0% 42. 38047 38.0–47.2 (38.0–47.2% 8. 6.3–11.6% 6311 6.3–11. % (6.3–11.6) 46 64 38.7–45.8 38745 (38.7–45.8 38. 34.6–42.3 34642 (34.6–42.3 23.0–29. 23029 (23.0–29. 76 12. 10615 10.6–15.2 (10.6–15.2% 18. 15521 15.5–21.1 (15.5–21.1% 4. 285 2.8–5.7 (2.8–5.7% 65 5. 3.6–7.2 367 (3.6–7.2 2.1 1.84–2.6 18426 1.5 1.14–2.1 11421 1.6 16 11723 1.17–2.3 2.2 22 (2.2 13038 1.30–3.8 (2.1 14731 1.47–3.1 [RRa 1402 14.0–21. (14.0–21.0 3804 38.0–47. (38.0–47.2 631 6.3–11 (6.3–11.6 38.7–45. 3874 (38.7–45. 34.6–42. 3464 (34.6–42. 23.0–29 2302 (23.0–29 1061 10.6–15. (10.6–15.2 1552 15.5–21. (15.5–21.1 28 2.8–5. (2.8–5.7 3.6–7. 36 (3.6–7. 2. 1.84–2. 1842 1. 1.14–2. 1142 1172 1.17–2. (2. 1303 1.30–3. 1473 1.47–3. 140 14.0–21 (14.0–21. 380 38.0–47 (38.0–47. 63 6.3–1 (6.3–11. 38.7–45 387 (38.7–45 34.6–42 346 (34.6–42 23.0–2 230 (23.0–2 106 10.6–15 (10.6–15. 155 15.5–21 (15.5–21. 2.8–5 (2.8–5. 3.6–7 (3.6–7 1.84–2 184 1.14–2 114 117 1.17–2 (2 130 1.30–3 147 1.47–3 14.0–2 (14.0–21 38.0–4 (38.0–47 6.3– (6.3–11 38.7–4 (38.7–4 34.6–4 (34.6–4 23.0– (23.0– 10.6–1 (10.6–15 15.5–2 (15.5–21 2.8– (2.8–5 3.6– (3.6– 1.84– 1.14– 1.17– ( 1.30– 1.47– 14.0– (14.0–2 38.0– (38.0–4 6.3 (6.3–1 38.7– (38.7– 34.6– (34.6– 23.0 (23.0 10.6– (10.6–1 15.5– (15.5–2 2.8 (2.8– 3.6 (3.6 1.84 1.14 1.17 1.30 1.47 14.0 (14.0– 38.0 (38.0– 6. (6.3– 38.7 (38.7 34.6 (34.6 23. (23. 10.6 (10.6– 15.5 (15.5– (2.8 3. (3. 1.8 1.1 1.3 1.4 14. (14.0 (38.0 (6.3 (38. 34. (34. (23 10. (10.6 15. (15.5 (3 (14. (6. (38 (34 (10. (15. (14 (6 (10 (15 (1
12.
Extracts of the Native Brazilian Tree Garcinia gardneriana Inhibit Urediniospore Germination of Coffee Leaf Rust Fungus
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Silva, Ueveton P. da
; Ferreira, Bruno W
; Sousa, Bianca L. de
; Furlani, Gabriela M
; Barreto, Robert W
; Agrizzi, Ana Paula
; Leite, João Paulo V
; Santos, Marcelo H. dos
; Varejão, Eduardo V. V
.
The fungal Hemileia vastatrix is the causal agent of coffee leaf rust, one of the worst and devastating disease in coffee cultures worldwide. As a result of our research on natural products for the development of novel agrochemicals, we found that the hexane extract from leaves of the Brazilian medicinal plant Garcinia gardneriana, at 500 μg mL-1, inhibited in 98% the germination of H. vastatrix urediniospores. This extract showed no phytotoxicity when tested for seed germination and seedling growth inhibitory activity using sensible plant species. Also, the hexane extract from leaves was tested for anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, which constitutes a mechanism of action of major commercial insecticides used in agriculture, and showed low activity even at concentrations about two times higher than the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) found in the antifungal assays. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that the hexane extract is constituted mainly by the pentacyclic triterpene lupeol, together with a series of sesquiterpenes as minor components. This is the first report on the investigation of antifungal, phytotoxic and acetylcholinesterase activities of extracts from leaves of G. gardneriana. These findings indicate that G. gardneriana may constitute a promising source of natural products for controlling the coffee leaf rust fungus.
13.
Phylogenetic position of Gorgoderina parvicava Travassos, 1922 (Digenea: Gorgoderidae), a parasite of Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824) (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in Brazil
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Alcantara, E. P.
; Úngari, L. P.
; Müller, M. I.
; Ferreira-Silva, C.
; Emmerich, E.
; O'Dwyer, L. H.
; Silva, R. J.
.
Resumo Durante o levantamento de parasitas de anfíbios brasileiros do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, Gorgoderina parvicava Travassos, 1922 foi encontrado na bexiga urinária (11 vermes adultos) e nos rins (cinco vermes juvenis) da rã-pimenta Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824). Os parasitas foram examinados por microscopia e os genes 28S rDNA e COI foram sequenciados e analisados para o estudo molecular. As reconstruções filogenéticas resultaram em topologias idênticas com valores suportados nos nós na maioria dos clados, usando métodos de máxima verossimilhança e inferência bayesiana e posicionaram G. parvicava no subclado formado por espécies da subfamília Gorgoderinae parasitando a bexiga urinária de anfíbios. Dados filogenéticos moleculares mostraram que esta espécie está relacionada a outras espécies de Gorgoderina. Além disso, novos dados moleculares e as análises de distâncias genéticas fornecem dados comparativos extras, que podem ser aplicados em futuras investigações sobre o status taxonômico e a diversidade entre Gorgoderina spp. e relações parasita-hospedeiro.
Abstract During a parasite survey in Brazilian amphibians from São Paulo state, Brazil, Gorgoderina parvicava Travassos, 1922 was found in the urinary bladder (11 adult worms) and (five juvenile worms) in the kidneys of the pepper-frog Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824). Parasites were examined by microscopy and 28S rDNA and COI gene were sequenced and analyzed for the molecular study. The phylogenetic reconstructions resulted in identical topologies with highly supported values in the nodes in most clades using Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods and positioned G. parvicava in the subclade formed by species of subfamily Gorgoderinae parasitizing the urinary bladder of amphibians. Molecular phylogenetic data showed that this species is related to other species of Gorgoderina. In addition, new molecular data and the analyses of genetic distances provide extra comparative data, which can be applied in further investigations on the taxonomic status and the diversity among Gorgoderina spp. and host-parasite relationships.
14.
A Reparameterized Weighted Lindley Distribution: Properties, Estimation and Applications
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Resumen En este artículo, discutimos varias propiedades matemáticas y métodos de estimación para una versión reparametrizada de la distribución ponderada de Lindley (RWL). La distribución RWL puede ser particularmente útil para modelar datos de confiabilidad (supervivencia) con función de tasa de riesgo en forma de bañera o creciente. El procedimiento inferencial para obtener las estimaciones de los parámetros se realiza mediante el enfoque de máxima verosimilitud considerando la censura aleatoria a la derecha. Se realizan extensas simulaciones numéricas para investigar y evaluar el rendimiento del método de estimación propuesto. Finalmente, la utilidad del modelo RWL se analiza mediante el uso de dos conjuntos de datos reales.
Abstract In this paper, we discuss several mathematical properties and estimation methods for a reparameterized version of the weighted Lindley (RWL) distribution. The RWL distribution can be particularly useful for modeling reliability (survival) data with bathtub-shaped or increasing hazard rate function. The inferential procedure to obtain the parameter estimates is conducted via the maximum likelihood approach considering random right-censoring. Extensive numerical simulations are carried out to investigate and evaluate the performance of the proposed estimation method. Finally, the potentiality of the RWL model is analyzed by employing two real data sets.
https://doi.org/10.15446/rce.v44n1.86566
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15.
Chemical Constituents and Cytotoxic Activity of Rhinella jimi (Anura: Bufonidae)
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Monção Filho, Evaldo S.
; Pio, Yara P. F.
; Chaves, Mariana H.
; Ferreira, Paulo M. P.
; Fonseca, Mariluce G.
; Pessoa, Cláudia
; Lima, Daisy J. B.
; Araújo, Bruno Q.
; Vieira Jr., Gerardo M.
.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
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Rhinella jimi toads (Stevaux, 2002) belong to the Bufonidae family, are endemic in the Brazilian Northeast and are commonly found during rainy periods. In general, amphibians of this family have in their poisons different metabolites that show a diversity of pharmacological activities. The isolation and identification of these compounds are of great importance, and techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry are widely used for the discovery of novel and known compounds in these poisons. For R. jimi poison, the ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts were obtained and thirty compounds were identified by combining ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) with direct infusion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (DI-APCI-MS/MS) and direct infusion electrospray mass spectrometry (DI-ESI-MS/MS) for each extract, respectively. Marinobufagin (2) and marinobufotoxin (19) were the majorities of each extract, respectively. In addition, other bufadienolides mainly present in the ethyl acetate extract, such other bufotoxins, alkaloids and arginine diacid derivatives were identified in the methanol extract. In a cytotoxic assay by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), the extracts and compound 2 demonstrated half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values better than the positive control doxorubicin, evidencing excellent cytotoxic. This is the most complete study of the chemical composition of R. jimi toad poison and its respective cytotoxic activity, promoting the enrichment of knowledge about this family and species.
https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210009
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