Screener, a board game supplemented with online resources, was introduced and distributed by the Brazilian Society of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics to postgraduate programs as an instructional tool for the process of drug discovery and development (DDD). In this study, we provided a comprehensive analysis of five critical aspects for evaluating the quality of educational games, namely: 1) description of the intervention; 2) underlying pedagogical theory; 3) identification of local educational gaps; 4) impact on diverse stakeholders; and 5) elucidation of iterative quality enhancement processes. We also present qualitative and quantitative assessments of the effectiveness of this game in 11 postgraduate courses. We employed the MEEGA+ online survey, comprising thirty-three close-ended unipolar items with 5-point Likert-type response scales, to assess student perceptions of the quality and utility of Screener. Based on 115 responses, the results indicated a highly positive outlook among students. In addition, we performed a preliminary evaluation of learning outcomes in two courses involving 28 students. Pre- and post-quizzes were applied, each consisting of 20 True/False questions directly aligned with the game's content. The analysis revealed significant improvement in students' performance following engagement with the game, with scores rising from 8.4 to 13.3 (P<0.0001, paired t-test) and 9.7 to 12.7 (P<0.0001, paired t-test). These findings underscore the utility of Screener as an enjoyable and effective tool for facilitating a positive learning experience in the DDD process. Notably, the game can also reduce the educational disparities across different regions of our continental country. resources DDD. . (DDD) study games namely 1 intervention 2 theory 3 gaps 4 stakeholders 5 processes MEEGA survey thirtythree thirty three closeended close ended 5point point Likerttype Likert type scales responses students addition Pre postquizzes post quizzes applied TrueFalse True False s content 84 8 8. 133 13 13. P<0.0001, P00001 P 0 0001 (P<0.0001 ttest t test t-test 97 9 7 9. 127 12 12. ttest. Notably country (DDD P<0.0001 P0000 000 (P<0.000 P<0.000 P000 00 (P<0.00 P<0.00 P00 (P<0.0 P<0.0 P0 (P<0. P<0. (P<0 P<0 (P< P< (P

Abstract Objective: To assess factors associated with emotional changes and Hyperactivity/Inattention (HI) motivated by COVID-19 quarantine in adolescents with immunocompromising diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 343 adolescents with immunocompromising diseases and 108 healthy adolescents. Online questionnaires were answered including socio-demographic data and self-rated healthcare routine during COVID-19 quarantine and validated surveys: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL4.0). Results: The frequencies of abnormal emotional SDQ scores from adolescents with chronic diseases were similar to those of healthy subjects (110/343 [32%] vs. 38/108 [35%], p = 0.548), as well as abnormal hyperactivity/inattention SDQ scores (79/343 [23%] vs. 29/108 [27%], p = 0.417). Logistic regression analysis of independent variables associated with abnormal emotional scores from adolescents with chronic diseases showed: female sex (Odds Ratio [OR = 3.76]; 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 2.00–7.05; p < 0.001), poor sleep quality (OR = 2.05; 95% CI 1.08–3.88; p = 0.028) and intrafamilial violence during pandemic (OR = 2.17; 95% CI 1.12–4.19; p = 0.021) as independently associated with abnormal emotional scores, whereas total PedsQL score was inversely associated with abnormal emotional scores (OR = 0.95; 95% CI 0.93–0.96; p < 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis associated with abnormal HI scores from patients evidenced that total PedsQL score (OR = 0.97; 95% CI 0.95–0.99; p = 0.010], changes in medical appointments during the pandemic (OR = 0.39; 95% CI 0.19–0.79; p = 0.021), and reliable COVID-19 information (OR = 0.35; 95% CI 0.16–0.77; p = 0.026) remained inversely associated with abnormal HI scores. Conclusion: The present study showed emotional and HI disturbances in adolescents with chronic immunosuppressive diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. It reinforces the need to promptly implement a longitudinal program to protect the mental health of adolescents with and without chronic illnesses during future pandemics. Objective HyperactivityInattention Hyperactivity Inattention (HI COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Methods crosssectional cross sectional 34 10 sociodemographic socio demographic selfrated self rated surveys SDQ, , (SDQ) PSQI, PSQI (PSQI) 40 4 0 4. PedsQL4.0. PedsQL40 PedsQL4.0 . PedsQL4 (PedsQL4.0) Results 110/343 110343 110 (110/34 32% 32 [32% vs 38108 38 38/10 35%, 35 35% [35%] 0.548, 0548 0.548 548 0.548) hyperactivityinattention hyperactivity inattention 79/343 79343 79 (79/34 23% 23 [23% 29108 29 29/10 27%, 27 27% [27%] 0.417. 0417 0.417 417 0.417) Odds OR 3.76 376 3 76 3.76] 95 (95 2.00–7.05 200705 2 00 7 05 0.001, 0001 0.001 001 0.001) 2.05 205 1.08–3.88 108388 1 08 88 0.028 0028 028 2.17 217 17 1.12–4.19 112419 12 0.021 0021 021 0.95 095 0.93–0.96 093096 93 96 0.0001. 00001 0.0001 0.0001) 0.97 097 97 0.95–0.99 095099 99 0.010, 0010 0.010 010 0.010] 0.39 039 39 0.19–0.79 019079 0.021, 0.35 035 0.16–0.77 016077 16 77 0.026 0026 026 Conclusion pandemics COVID1 COVID- (SDQ (PSQI PedsQL4. (PedsQL4.0 110/34 11034 11 (110/3 [32 3810 38/1 [35% 054 0.54 54 79/34 7934 (79/3 [23 2910 29/1 [27% 041 0.41 41 3.7 37 9 (9 2.00–7.0 20070 000 0.00 2.0 20 1.08–3.8 10838 8 0.02 002 02 2.1 21 1.12–4.1 11241 0.9 09 0.93–0.9 09309 0000 0.000 0.95–0.9 09509 0.01 01 0.3 03 0.19–0.7 01907 0.16–0.7 01607 (PedsQL4. 110/3 1103 (110/ [3 381 38/ [35 0.5 5 79/3 793 (79/ [2 291 29/ [27 04 0.4 3. ( 2.00–7. 2007 0.0 2. 1.08–3. 1083 1.12–4. 1124 0. 0.93–0. 0930 0.95–0. 0950 0.19–0. 0190 0.16–0. 0160 (PedsQL4 110/ (110 [ 79/ (79 2.00–7 200 1.08–3 1.12–4 112 0.93–0 093 0.95–0 0.19–0 019 0.16–0 016 (PedsQL (11 (7 2.00– 1.08– 1.12– 0.93– 0.95– 0.19– 0.16– (1 2.00 1.08 1.12 0.93 0.19 0.16 1.0 1.1 0.1 1.

Resumo A utilização crescente de cetamina para fins terapêuticos e recreativos tem motivado preocupações ao nível ambiental. Esta substância tem sido detetada em efluentes, devido à ineficiência das técnicas aplicadas nas estações de tratamento de águas residuais. Sendo que parte destes efluentes podem ser usados como águas para reutilização em práticas agrícolas, importa perceber os efeitos que a cetamina apresenta em organismos edáficos como as minhocas, facto que constitui o objetivo deste trabalho. Várias concentrações de cetamina (0, 25, 250 e 2500 µg/kg) foram testadas e avaliados os efeitos, através de testes de fuga e reprodução, usando como modelo biológico as minhocas Eisenia fetida, tendo como endpoints o comportamento de fuga e a reprodução, de acordo com as normas da ISO e OECD. Os resultados indicaram ausência de diferenças significativas (p>0,05) entre as concentrações estudadas. Em média, a cetamina promoveu a fuga e a diminuição do número de juvenis na ordem dos 11% e 26%, respetivamente, comparativamente ao tratamento controlo. Estes resultados parecem indicar que as concentrações estudadas não promovem efeitos negativos quer no comportamento como na reprodução, pelo que importa ponderar a realização de mais estudos, nos quais sejam consideradas concentrações superiores às aplicadas no presente trabalho, de modo a definir níveis de risco em ambiente edáfico.

Abstract The increasing use of ketamine for therapeutic and recreational purposes has increased the environmental concerns. This substance has been detected in treated effluents, due to the inefficiency of treatments applied in wastewater treatment plants. Since part of these effluents can be used as water for reuse in agricultural practices, it is important to understand the effects of ketamine on edaphic organisms such as earthworms, which is the objective of the present work. Various concentrations of ketamine (0, 25, 250 and 2500 µg/kg) were tested and the effects evaluate by avoidance and reproduction tests, using Eisenia fetida as a biological model, considered the avoidance behaviour and reproduction as endpoints, according to ISO and OECD guidelines. The results indicated no significant differences (p>0.05) between the concentrations studied. On average, ketamine promoted an escape and a decrease in the number of juveniles in the order of 11% and 26%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. These results seem to indicate no negative effects of the studied concentrations on behaviour and reproduction of earthworms. More studies are needed, with higher concentrations than those applied in the present work in order to define risk levels in edaphic environment.

RESUMO Os dados genealógicos compreenderam 45.711 animais nascidos entre 1901 e 2016, com 48.127 animais no arquivo de pedigree. A estrutura populacional foi analisada em termos de completude de pedigree, coeficiente de endogamia individual (F), intervalo de geração (L), taxa de endogamia (ΔF), tamanho efetivo da população (Ne), número efetivo de fundadores (ff) e número efetivo de ancestrais (fa). O rebanho consistia inicialmente de 13 touros e 14 vacas, e houve variações no número de touros e vacas selecionados ao longo do período analisado, com 2.575 touros, 13.691 vacas e 45.711 nascimentos registrados no final de 2016. No total, 48,81% das vacas tiveram apenas uma progênie. A maioria das barragens (47,59%) tinha entre três e sete anos, com média de L na população de 7,9 anos. De acordo com os resultados, 52,75% das vacas, 44,92% dos touros e 63,71% dos bezerros da raça Guzerá na região Norte do Brasil apresentaram algum grau de endogamia, com coeficientes de pequena magnitude (0,56, 0,83 e 0,71% para vacas, touros e bezerros, respectivamente). Essa flutuação não impediu a evolução genética do rebanho na região. O tamanho efetivo da população não parece comprometer a manutenção da variabilidade genética na raça.

ABSTRACT Genealogical data comprised 45,711 animals born between 1901 and 2016, with 48,127 animals in the pedigree file. Population structure was analyzed in terms of pedigree completeness, individual inbreeding coefficient (F), generation interval (L), rate of inbreeding (ΔF), effective population size (Ne), effective number of founders (ff), and effective number of ancestors (fa). The herd initially consisted of 13 bulls and 14 cows, and there were variations in the number of selected bulls and cows throughout the analyzed period, with 2,575 bulls, 13,691 cows, and 45,711 births recorded at the end of 2016. In total, 48.81% of the cows had only one progeny. Most dams (47.59%) were between three and seven years old, with a mean L in the population of 7.9 years. According to the results, 52.75% of the cows, 44.92% of the bulls, and 63.71% of the calves of the Guzerat breed in the northern region of Brazil showed some degree of inbreeding, with small-magnitude coefficients (0.56, 0.83, and 0.71% for cows, bulls, and calves, respectively). This fluctuation did not hinder the genetic evolution of the herd in the region. The effective population size does not seem to compromise the maintenance of genetic variability in the breed.

Abstract Objective: To compare the acute psychobiological and perceptual responses in normotensive and hypertensive men after resistance training sessions with different levels of social interaction: manual resistance training and free weights resistance training. Method: 26 men (14 normotensive, 40.29 ± 8.63 years, Body Mass Index: 26.53 ± 5.24 kg/m2; 12 hypertensive, 46.00 ± 9.13 years, Body Mass Index: 32.51 ± 4. 41 kg/m2) underwent single sessions of manual resistance training and free weights resistance training. Anxiety and mood were measured in pre- and post-intervention. In addition, a questionnaire was applied to identify positive and negative points of the interventions. For data analysis, we used two-way ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni. The significance level adopted was 5%. For anxiety and mood it was also used analysis of effect size. The analysis of the qualitative questionnaire considered the frequency of positive and negative points reported by the volunteers. Results: Both intervention was ineffective in significantly decreasing the initial values of anxiety; however the manual resistance training showed greater magnitude of decrease in effect size. In the negative factors of mood, the manual resistance training also provided greater magnitudes to decrease in effect size. The manual resistance training had more positive and less negative points mentioned by the sample relative to free weights resistance training. Conclusion: Social interaction level appears to positively influence the acute psychobiological responses of resistance training, and the manual resistance training appears to be a viable alternative for this purpose.

Resumo Objetivo: Comparar respostas psicobiológicas e perceptuais agudas em homens normotensos e hipertensos, após sessões de treinamento resistido com diferentes níveis de interação social: treinamento resistido manual e treinamento resistido com pesos livres. Método: Vinte e seis homens (14 normotensos, 40.29 ± 8.63 anos, índice de massa corporal: 26.53 ± 5.24 kg/m2; 12 hipertensos, 46.00 ± 9.13 anos, índice de massa corporal: 32.51 ± 4.41 kg/m2) foram submetidos a sessões únicas de treinamento resistido manual e treinamento resistido com pesos livres. Foram aferidos ansiedade e humor nos momentos pré e pós-intervenção. Adicionalmente, foi aplicado um questionário para identificar pontos positivos e negativos das intervenções. Para análise dos resultados, utilizou-se ANOVA two-way e post-hoc de Bonferroni. Adotou-se nível de significância de 5%. Para ansiedade e humor, também foi utilizada análise do tamanho do efeito. A análise do questionário qualitativo considerou a frequência de pontos positivos e negativos relatados pelos voluntários. Resultados: Nenhuma intervenção foi eficiente em diminuir significativamente os valores iniciais de ansiedade; no entanto, o treinamento resistido manual apresentou maior magnitude de diminuição no tamanho do efeito. Nos fatores negativos do humor, o treinamento resistido manual também proporcionou maiores magnitudes para diminuição no tamanho do efeito. O treinamento resistido manual teve mais pontos positivos e menos pontos negativos mencionados pela amostra, em relação ao treinamento resistido com pesos livres. Conclusão: O nível de interação social parece influenciar positivamente as respostas psicobiológicas agudas do treinamento resistido, e o treinamento resistido manual parece ser uma alternativa viável para esse objetivo.

Resumen Objetivo: Comparar las respuestas psicobiológicas y percepcionales agudas en hombres normotensos e hipertensos, después de sesiones de entrenamiento de fuerza con diferentes niveles de interacción social: entrenamiento de fuerza manual y con pesos libres. Método: Veintiséis hombres (14 normotensos, 40.29 ± 8.63 años, índice de masa corporal: 26.53 ± 5.24 kg/m2; 12 hipertensos, 46.00 ± 9.13 años, índice de masa corporal: 32.51 ± 4.41 kg/m2) fueron sometidos a sesiones individuales de entrenamiento de fuerza manual y con pesos libres. Se midieron la ansiedad y el estado de ánimo antes y después de la intervención. Además, se aplicó un cuestionario para identificar los puntos positivos y negativos de las intervenciones. Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó ANOVA de dos vías y el test de Bonferroni. Se adoptó un nivel de significación del 5%. Para ansiedad y el estado de ánimo también se utilizó el análisis del tamaño del efecto. El análisis del cuestionario cualitativo consideró la frecuencia de puntos positivos y negativos reportados por los voluntarios. Resultados: La intervención no fue eficaz en la disminución significativa de los valores iniciales de ansiedad, sin embargo, el entrenamiento de fuerza manual mostró una mayor magnitud de la disminución en el tamaño del efecto. En los factores negativos del estado de ánimo y, el entrenamiento de fuerza manual también proporcionó mayores magnitudes en la disminución del tamaño del efecto. El entrenamiento de fuerza manual tenía más puntos positivos y menos negativos mencionados por la muestra en relación con entrenamiento de fuerza con pesos libres. Conclusión: El nivel de interacción social parece influir positivamente en las respuestas psicobiológicas agudas al entrenamiento de fuerza y el entrenamiento de fuerza manual parece ser una alternativa viable para este propósito.

Abstract Objective: To identify the cognitive profile of the elderly and its association with anthropometric and functional aspects. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional study conducted in 84 elderly. Measured up the following anthropometric variables: body weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference for subsequent calculation of the conicity index, waist/hip ratio and waist/height ratio. Furthermore, the functional aspects were measured based on the battery of tests adapted from Functional Fitness Test and cognitive impairment using the Mini Mental State Examination. Results: Dementia was found in 7% of the elderly, with no difference between genders. The waist/height ratio above 0.67cm increased by 5.6 times the chance to develop dementia, while the balance showed a protective factor (15% less likely). Conclusion: There was a low prevalence of dementia, the Waist Circumference and Hip Circumference indexes demonstrated a predictive capacity for dementia while the balance pattern was considered a protective factor.

Resumo Objetivo: Identificar o perfil cognitivo de idosos e a sua associação com aspectos funcionais e antropométricos. Métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo realizado em 84 idosos. Mensuraram-se as seguintes variáveis antropométricas: massa corporal, estatura, circunferência da cintura (CC), circunferência do quadril (CQ), para posterior cálculo do índice de conicidade (IC), relação cintura/quadril (RCQ) e relação cintura/estatura (RCE). Ademais, foram medidos os aspetos funcionais baseados na bateria de testes adaptada do Funtional Fitness Test e o deficit cognitivo, por meio do Mini Exame do Estado Mental. Resultados: A demência foi encontrada em 7% dos idosos, não havendo diferença entre gêneros. A RCE acima de 0.67 cm aumentou em 5.6 vezes a chance para desenvolver demência, enquanto o equilíbrio apresentou fator de proteção (15% menos chances). Conclusão: Houve baixa prevalência de demência, a CC e RCE apresentaram capacidade preditiva, enquanto o equilíbrio foi considerado fator de proteção.

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar el perfil cognitivo de personas ancianas y su asociación con los aspectos funcionales y antropométricos. Metodología: Estudio transversal descriptivo realizado en 84 personas ancianas. Fueron recogidos datos referentes a las medidas antropométricas: masa corporal, estatura, circunferencia de la cintura, circunferencia de la cadera, para posterior cálculo del índice de conicidad, relación cintura/cadera y la relación cintura/estatura. Además, fueron medidos datos funcionales basados en una serie de pruebas adaptadas del Funtional Fitness Test y el déficit cognitivo fue evaluado a través del Mini Examen del Estado Mental. Resultados: La demencia encontrada fue del 7% en las personas mayores de edad. La relación cintura/estatura mayor de 0.67 cm aumentó en 5.6 veces las posibilidades de desarrollar demencia, mientras que el equilibrio presentó un factor de protección (15% menos de probabilidad de presencia de demencia). Conclusión: Hubo baja frecuencia de demencia, la circunferencia de la cintura y la relación cintura/cadera presentaron una capacidad predictiva, mientras que el equilibrio fue considerado un factor de protección.

Apontada como epidemia global a obesidade vem sendo tratada através da cirurgia bariátrica, método invasivo, porém, considerado o mais eficiente. Objetivou-se investigar aspectos socioculturais e seu impacto sobre a imagem corporal de mulheres submetidas à cirurgia bariátrica nos períodos pré e pós-cirúrgico. Foram entrevistadas 20 mulheres submetidas à gastroplastia há pelo menos um ano no Serviço de Controle de Hipertensão Diabetes e Obesidade (SCHDO). Os dados foram analisados sob a perspectiva qualitativa e submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo. A interação entre o contexto sociocultural e imagem corporal configurou-se nas categorias: discriminação, percepção do olhar do outro antes e após cirurgia, e percepção do próprio corpo antes e após cirurgia. Constatou-se que a imagem corporal foi elaborada a partir do meio em que viveu o grupo pesquisado. O meio externo propiciou ao sujeito sentimentos de inadequação corporal, tristeza, exclusão social e inferioridade, resultando em autoconceito negativo. Tais sentimentos foram amenizados após a cirurgia bariátrica proporcionando ao grupo autoconceito positivo decorrente de uma maior inserção social.

Listed as a global epidemic obesity is being treated through bariatric surgery, that is a more invasive method, however, considered the most efficient. Thus, this study aimed to investigate socio-cultural aspects and their impact on body image of women who underwent bariatric surgery in pre and post-surgery periods. We interviewed 20 women who underwent gastroplasty for at least one year in the Service Control Hypertension Diabetes and Obesity (SCHDO). Data were analyzed from a qualitative perspective and submitted to Content Analysis. The interaction between body image and socio-cultural context were configured in the follow categories: discrimination, perception of other’s gaze before and after surgery, and own body´s perception before and after surgery. It was found that body image was drawn from the environment that the research group had lived. The external environment has provided to the subjects some feelings such as body inadequacy, sadness, social exclusion and inferiority, resulting in a negative self-concept. These feelings were minimized after bariatric surgery, providing to the group a positive self-concept, due to a greater social inclusion.

Até o presente o momento, não há vacina ou imunoterapia disponível para pacientes com Síndrome Hemolítica Urêmica (SHU) induzida pela toxina Shiga-like (Stx) produzida por linhagens de Escherichia coli entero-hemorragica (EHEC), tais como as pertencentes ao sorotipo O157:H7. Neste trabalho, avaliamos a performance de Bacillus subtilis, uma espécie bacteriana gram-positiva não-patogênica formadora de esporos, como veículo vacinal para a expressão da subunidade B da Stx2B (Stx2B). Uma linhagem vacinal recombinante de B. subtilis expressando Stx2B, sob o controle de um promoter induzível por estresse, foi administrada a camundongos BALB/c por via oral, nasal ou subcutânea usando células vegetativas e esporos. Camundongos imunizados com células vegetativas e esporos pela via oral desenvolveram títulos anti-Stx2B baixos, mas específicos, de IgG sérico e IgA fecal, enquanto camundongos imunizados com esporos recombinates desenvolveram resposta anti-Stx2B apenas após a administração pela via parenteral. No entanto, anticorpos produzidos em camundongos imunizados com a linhagem recombinante de B. subtilis não inibiram os efeitos tóxicos da toxina nativa em condições in vitro e in vivo, sugerindo que a quantidade e/ou a qualidade da resposta imune gerada não suportam uma neutralização efetiva da Stx2 produzidas por linhagens de EHEC.

No effective vaccine or immunotherapy is presently available for patients with the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) induced by Shiga-like toxin (Stx) producedbyenterohaemorragic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains, such as those belonging to the O157:H7 serotype. In this work we evaluated the performance of Bacillus subtilis strains, a harmless spore former gram-positive bacterium species, as a vaccine vehicle for the expression of Stx2B subunit (Stx2B). A recombinant B. subtilis vaccine strain expressing Stx2B under the control of a stress inducible promoter was delivered to BALB/c mice via oral, nasal or subcutaneous routes using both vegetative cells and spores. Mice immunized with vegetative cells by the oral route developed low but specific anti-Stx2B serum IgG and fecal IgA responses while mice immunized with recombinant spores developed anti-Stx2B responses only after administration via the parenteral route. Nonetheless, serum anti-Stx2B antibodies raised in mice immunized with the recombinant B. subtilis strain did not inhibit the toxic effects of the native toxin, both under in vitro and in vivo conditions, suggesting that either the quantity or the quality of the induced immune response did not support an effective neutralization of Stx2 produced by EHEC strains.

This study determined the species of parasitoids of Diptera present in forest, rural, and urban areas in the municipality of Monte Alegre, MG, from March to November 2006. The percentages of parasitism in forest, rural, and urban areas were 14.3%, 11.0%, and 18.8%, respectively. The most frequent species (34.7%) was Triplasta atrocoxalis (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae).

As flagelinas bacterianas são importantes fatores associados à virulência e potentes indutores de resposta inflamatória em mamíferos. Estas moléculas são também investigadas como potencial adjuvante para uso em vacinas na indução de resposta imune humoral e celular para diferentes antígenos alvo. No presente estudo investigamos as propriedades adjuvantes de três tipos de flagelinas de Salmonella enterica (FliCd, FliCi e FljB) para um epítopo derivado da ovalbumina específico para células T CD8+. As três flagelinas testadas induziram respostas de células T CD8+ específicas em camundongos imunizados, porém, somente animais imunizados com as flagelinas FliCi e FliCd co-administradas com ovalbumina montaram resposta citotóxica específica in vivo para células-alvo pulsadas com peptídeo OVA. Os resultados apresentados indicam que flagelinas de Salmonella são dotadas de efeitos adjuvantes tipo-específico frente a células T CD8+ in vivo, uma característica que pode gerar impactos no uso dessas proteínas como adjuvantes em vacinas profiláticas ou terapêuticas.

Bacterial flagellins are important virulence-associated factors and strong inducers of inflammatory responses in mammalian hosts. Flagellins have also been investigated as potential vaccine adjuvants, either for induction of humoral or cellular immune responses, to different target antigens. In this study we investigated the adjuvant properties of three Salmonella enterica flagellins types (FliCd, FliCi and FljB) to an ovalbumin-derived CD8+ T cell-restricted epitope (OVA257264). Although mice immunized with the three tested flagellins elicited antigen-specific activated CD8+ T cells, only animals immunized with FliCi and FliCd flagellins admixed with ovalbumin mounted specific in vivo cytotoxic responses to peptide-pulsed target cells. The present results indicate that Salmonella flagellins are endowed with type-specific adjuvant effects toward murine CD8+ T cells, a feature that may impact their use as adjuvants for prophylatic or therapeutic vaccines.