Abstract This article aims to characterize the language employed in educational and communications materials about STIs, HIV/AIDS and viral hepatitis produced by the Ministry of Health between 2010 and 2019, identifying elements related to health promotion and disease prevention. We conducted an exploratory descriptive study. The materials were selected by performing a systematic search of the Ministry of Health website focusing on the period 2010-2019. The materials were analyzed to determine the educational approaches adopted. The preventive, educational and personal development approaches were identified in 100% (201), 24.87% (50) and 7.96% (16) of the materials, respectively. The radical and popular education for health approaches were not observed. The almost exclusive focus on the preventive approach reveals that promoting changes in individual habits and behavior alone is not sufficient to combat and solve the problem of STIs, HIV/AIDS and viral hepatitis in Brazil.

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é caracterizar a linguagem utilizada nos materiais educativos e comunicacionais vinculados à temática das IST, do HIV/Aids e hepatites virais produzidos e veiculados pelo Ministério da Saúde no período de 2010 a 2019, identificando elementos de promoção à saúde e de prevenção de doenças. Metodologia descritiva exploratória para a caracterização da linguagem utilizada nos materiais educativos e comunicacionais sobre as IST, do HIV/Aids e hepatites virais. Para a seleção dos materiais educativos, adotou-se a estratégia de busca sistemática realizada no site do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil por um período de dez anos: de 2010 a 2019. Os materiais foram observados por meio dos enfoques educativos. O enfoque preventivo foi identificado em 100% dos materiais analisados (201). O enfoque educativo foi encontrado em 24,87% (50) dos materiais, e o enfoque de desenvolvimento pessoal foi encontrado em 7,96% (16). Os enfoques radical e da educação popular em saúde não foram observados. A atenção quase exclusiva ao enfoque preventivo revela que cuidados individuais isoladamente não são suficientes para combater e sanar o problema das IST, do HIV/Aids e das hepatites virais no Brasil.

ABSTRACT The global reemergence of measles in 2018–2019 reinforces the relevance of high-coverage immunization to maintain the disease elimination. During an outbreak in the Sao Paulo State in 2019, several measles cases were reported in individuals who were adequately vaccinated according to the current immunization schedule recommends. This study aimed to assess measles IgG antibody seropositivity and titers in previously vaccinated adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted at CRIE-HC-FMUSP (Sao Paulo, Brazil) in 2019. It included healthy adults who had received two or more Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccines (MMR) and excluded individuals with immunocompromising conditions. Measles IgG antibodies were measured and compared by ELISA (Euroimmun®) and chemiluminescence (LIASON®). The association of seropositivity and titers with variables of interest (age, sex, profession, previous measles, number of measles-containing vaccine doses, interval between MMR doses, and time elapsed since the last MMR dose) was analyzed. A total of 162 participants were evaluated, predominantly young (median age 30 years), women (69.8%) and healthcare professionals (61.7%). The median interval between MMR doses was 13.2 years, and the median time since the last dose was 10.4 years. The seropositivity rate was 32.7% by ELISA and 75.3% by CLIA, and a strong positive correlation was found between the tests. Multivariate analyses revealed that age and time since the last dose were independently associated with positivity. Despite being a single-center evaluation, our results suggest that measles seropositivity may be lower than expected in adequately immunized adults. Seropositivity was higher among older individuals and those with a shorter time since the last MMR vaccine dose. 20182019 2018 2019 2018–201 highcoverage high coverage elimination recommends crosssectional cross sectional CRIEHCFMUSP CRIE HC FMUSP Brazil MeaslesMumpsRubella Mumps Rubella (MMR conditions Euroimmun® Euroimmun (Euroimmun® LIASON®. LIASON LIASON® . (LIASON®) age, (age sex profession measlescontaining containing analyzed 16 evaluated 3 years , years) 69.8% 698 69 8 (69.8% 61.7%. 617 61.7% 61 7 (61.7%) 132 13 2 13. 104 10 4 10. 327 32 32.7 753 75 75.3 CLIA tests positivity singlecenter single center evaluation 2018201 201 2018–20 (Euroimmun (LIASON® 1 69.8 6 (69.8 61.7 (61.7% 32. 75. 201820 20 2018–2 (LIASON 69. (69. 61. (61.7 20182 2018– (69 (61. (6 (61 (

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é caracterizar a linguagem utilizada nos materiais educativos e comunicacionais vinculados à temática das IST, do HIV/Aids e hepatites virais produzidos e veiculados pelo Ministério da Saúde no período de 2010 a 2019, identificando elementos de promoção à saúde e de prevenção de doenças. Metodologia descritiva exploratória para a caracterização da linguagem utilizada nos materiais educativos e comunicacionais sobre as IST, do HIV/Aids e hepatites virais. Para a seleção dos materiais educativos, adotou-se a estratégia de busca sistemática realizada no site do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil por um período de dez anos: de 2010 a 2019. Os materiais foram observados por meio dos enfoques educativos. O enfoque preventivo foi identificado em 100% dos materiais analisados (201). O enfoque educativo foi encontrado em 24,87% (50) dos materiais, e o enfoque de desenvolvimento pessoal foi encontrado em 7,96% (16). Os enfoques radical e da educação popular em saúde não foram observados. A atenção quase exclusiva ao enfoque preventivo revela que cuidados individuais isoladamente não são suficientes para combater e sanar o problema das IST, do HIV/Aids e das hepatites virais no Brasil. IST HIVAids HIV Aids 201 2019 doenças adotouse adotou se anos 100 201. . (201) 2487 24 87 24,87 50 (50 796 7 96 7,96 16. 16 (16) 20 10 (201 248 2 8 24,8 5 (5 79 9 7,9 1 (16 (20 24, ( 7, (1 (2

Abstract This article aims to characterize the language employed in educational and communications materials about STIs, HIV/AIDS and viral hepatitis produced by the Ministry of Health between 2010 and 2019, identifying elements related to health promotion and disease prevention. We conducted an exploratory descriptive study. The materials were selected by performing a systematic search of the Ministry of Health website focusing on the period 2010-2019. The materials were analyzed to determine the educational approaches adopted. The preventive, educational and personal development approaches were identified in 100% (201), 24.87% (50) and 7.96% (16) of the materials, respectively. The radical and popular education for health approaches were not observed. The almost exclusive focus on the preventive approach reveals that promoting changes in individual habits and behavior alone is not sufficient to combat and solve the problem of STIs, HIV/AIDS and viral hepatitis in Brazil. STIs HIVAIDS HIV AIDS 201 2019 prevention study 20102019. 20102019 2019. 2010-2019 adopted 100 201, , (201) 2487 24 87 24.87 50 (50 796 7 96 7.96 16 (16 respectively observed Brazil 20 2010201 2010-201 10 (201 248 2 8 24.8 5 (5 79 9 7.9 1 (1 201020 2010-20 (20 24. ( 7. 20102 2010-2 (2 2010-

Abstract Background: Systemic inflammatory responses mimicking infectious complications are often present in surgical patients. Methods: The objective was to assess the association between withholding early antimicrobial therapy while investigating alternative diagnoses and worse outcomes in nonseptic patients with suspected nosocomial infection in a retrospective cohort of critically ill surgical patients. The initiation of antibiotic therapy within 24 h of the suspicion of infection was defined as the Early Empirical Antibiotic strategy (EEA) group and the initiation after 24 h of suspicion or not prescribed was defined as the Conservative Antibiotic strategy (CA) group. Primary outcome was composite: death, sepsis, or septic shock within 14 days. Main exclusion criteria were sepsis or an evident source of infection at inclusion. Results: Three hundred and forty patients were eligible for inclusion (74% trauma patients). Age, sex, reason for hospital admission, SAPS3 score, SOFA score, and use of vasopressors or mechanical ventilation were not different between the groups. Within 14 days of inclusion, 100% (130/130) of EEA patients received antibiotics compared to 57% (120/210) of CA patients. After adjusting for confounding variables, there was no association between primary outcome and the groups. In a post hoc subgroup analysis including only patients with a posteriori confirmed infection (by microbiological cultures), delay in initiation of adequate antimicrobial therapy was independently associated with the primary outcome (Odds Ratio = 1.19 per day of delay; 95% CI 1.05–1.37). Conclusions: Withholding early empiric antibiotic therapy was not associated with progression of organ dysfunction within 14 days in nonseptic surgical patients with suspected nosocomial infection without an obvious source. Background Methods 2 (EEA (CA composite death 1 Results 74% 74 (74 . patients) Age sex admission SAPS score groups 100 130/130 130130 130 (130/130 57 120/210 120210 120 210 (120/210 variables by cultures, cultures , cultures) Odds 119 19 1.1 95 1.05–1.37. 105137 1.05–1.37 05 37 1.05–1.37) Conclusions 7 (7 10 130/13 13013 13 (130/13 5 120/21 12021 12 21 (120/21 11 1. 9 10513 1.05–1.3 0 3 ( 130/1 1301 (130/1 120/2 1202 (120/2 1051 1.05–1. 130/ (130/ 120/ (120/ 105 1.05–1 (130 (120 1.05– (13 (12 1.05 (1 1.0

Resumo Objetivo Este estudo tem como objetivo contribuir para elucidar a importância da pesquisa experimental sobre a comunidade zooplanctônica de água doce no Brasil através de uma análise cienciométrica. Métodos As bases de dados Web of Science, SciELO e Scopus foram utilizadas para compilar 249 trabalhos científicos publicados entre 1978 e 2023. Os dados extraídos dos artigos foram o ano de publicação, localização geográfica, características do experimento (tipo, escala, duração), espécies ou táxons estudados e os temas de pesquisa. Sínteses quantitativas e qualitativas foram realizadas para fornecer uma compreensão sistematizada dos estudos experimentais sobre zooplâncton de água doce. Resultados A análise revelou um aumento significativo no número de publicações experimentais ao longo do tempo, com uma maior concentração de estudos na região Sudeste do Brasil. Experimentos de laboratório, principalmente microcosmos foram realizados com mais frequência do que experimentos de campo. Predação, poluentes químicos e eutrofização surgiram como os temas de pesquisa frequentemente abordados. Por outro lado, certos tópicos, como dinâmicas de metapopulação e microplásticos, foram relativamente sub-representados na literatura. Apesar da pesquisa experimental sobre o zooplâncton de água doce no Brasil desempenhar um papel crucial no avanço da compreensão ecológica, há uma distribuição desigual desses estudos pelo país, indicando a necessidade de investimentos e mais pesquisadores preparados para trabalhar com experimentos em certas regiões. Abordar as lacunas identificadas nesta revisão, como dinâmicas de metapopulação e dispersão, juntamente com ameaças emergentes como invasões, microplásticos, patógenos, estressores cumulativos, contaminantes emergentes e nanomateriais, será essencial para gerar conhecimento científico que informe estratégias de manejo eficazes para preservar a biodiversidade do zooplâncton de água doce em meio às mudanças ambientais em curso. Conclusões Esta revisão destaca a importância de expandir a pesquisa experimental por diversas regiões e tópicos pouco explorados para melhorar nossa compreensão ecológica e melhor gerenciar a biodiversidade do zooplâncton de água doce no Brasil. cienciométrica Science 24 197 2023 publicação geográfica tipo, tipo (tipo escala duração, duração , duração) tempo laboratório campo Predação abordados lado microplásticos subrepresentados sub representados literatura país dispersão invasões patógenos cumulativos nanomateriais curso 2 19 202 1 20

Abstract Aim This study aims to contribute to elucidating the importance of experimental research on freshwater zooplankton communities in Brazil through a scientometric analysis. Methods Web of Science, SciELO, and Scopus databases were used to compile 249 scientific papers published between 1978 and 2023. The extracted data included the year of publication, geographical location, experiment characteristics (type, scale, duration), species or taxa studied, and research topics. Quantitative and qualitative syntheses were performed to provide a systematic understanding of experimental studies on freshwater zooplankton. Results The analysis revealed a significant increase in the number of experimental papers over time, with a higher concentration of studies in the Southeastern region of Brazil. Laboratory experiments were conducted with greater frequency than field experiments, mainly microcosms. Predation, chemical pollutants, and eutrophication emerged as frequently addressed research topics. On the other hand, certain topics, such as metapopulation dynamics and microplastics, were relatively underrepresented in the literature. Despite the crucial role of experimental research on freshwater zooplankton in advancing ecological understanding in Brazil, there is an unequal distribution of these studies across the country, indicating the need for investment and more researchers prepared and interested in studying with experiments in certain regions. Addressing the gaps identified in this review, such as metapopulation dynamics and dispersion, along with emerging threats like invasions, microplastics, pathogens, cumulative stressors, emerging contaminants, and nanomaterials, will be essential for generating scientific knowledge to inform effective management strategies to preserve freshwater zooplankton biodiversity amidst ongoing environmental changes. Conclusions This review underscores the importance of expanding experimental research across diverse regions and underexplored topics to enhance our ecological understanding and better manage freshwater zooplankton biodiversity in Brazil. Science SciELO 24 197 2023 publication location type, type (type scale duration, duration , duration) studied time microcosms Predation pollutants hand microplastics literature country dispersion invasions pathogens stressors contaminants nanomaterials changes 2 19 202 1 20

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the 3-year long experience of addressing disruptive events by medical staff in a private hospital. Methods: The cross-sectional study that was conducted between 2020 and 2022, involved collection, analysis, and management of suspected cases of disruptive behavior by medical staff. Results: Relevant information was collected from reports issued by health care leaders (69%), anonymous reports accessed from the health institution's intranet tool "SINAPSE" (19%), the compliance center (5%), customer attendance service (3.7%), the hospital board (2.3%), and the medical practice department (1%). Surgical specialties were responsible for 70.3% of the disruptive incidents, and the average time to outcome was 24.5 days, with most solutions involving guided education of physicians (92.7%). Conclusion: Management of disruptive behavior by medical staff is essential for the prevention of unsafe work environments and strengthening a culture of safety. Objective 3year year 3 Methods crosssectional cross sectional 202 2022 collection analysis Results 69%, 69 69% , (69%) institutions institution s SINAPSE "SINAPSE 19%, 19 19% (19%) 5%, 5 5% (5%) 3.7%, 37 3.7% 7 (3.7%) 2.3%, 23 2.3% 2 (2.3%) 1%. 1 1% . (1%) 703 70 70.3 incidents 245 24 24. days 92.7%. 927 92.7% 92 (92.7%) Conclusion safety 20 6 (69% (19% (5% 3.7 (3.7% 2.3 (2.3% (1% 70. 92.7 9 (92.7% (69 (19 (5 3. (3.7 2. (2.3 (1 92. (92.7 (6 ( (3. (2. (92. (3 (2 (92 (9

Resumo Antecedentes Evidências indicam uma forte ligação entre o vírus Zika (ZikV) e complicações neurológicas. Mielite aguda, neurite óptica, polineuropatia e encefalomielite que mimetizam distúrbios inflamatórios de desmielinização idiopáticos (DDII) após infecção por ZikV têm sido relatadas no Brasil. Obejtivo O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar a possível ocorrência de mimetismo molecular entre antígenos do ZikV e autoantígenos da Esclerose Múltipla (EM), a DDII mais frequente do sistema nervoso central (SNC). Métodos Foi realizado um estudo de coorte retrospectivo com 305 pacientes internados por suspeita de infecção por arbovirus no Rio de Janeiro, todos os indivíduos foram submetidos a exame neurológico e coleta de amostra biológica para diagnóstico sorológico e molecular. Ferramentas de bioinformática foram usadas para analisar os peptídeos compartilhados entre antígenos do ZikV e autoantígenos da EM. Resultados Dos 305 pacientes, vinte e seis foram positivos para ZikV e 4 apresentaram padrão IDD encontrado em casos de EM. As comparações de homologia de sequência por abordagem de bioinformática entre a proteína NS5 ZikV e PLP EM revelaram uma homologia de 5/6 aminoácidos consecutivos (CSSVPV/CSAVPV) com 83% de identidade, deduzindo um mimetismo molecular. A análise das estruturas 3D revelou uma conformação semelhante com apresentação em alfa-hélice. Conclusões O mimetismo molecular entre o antígeno NS5 do vírus Zika e o autoantígeno PLP da EM surge como um possível mecanismo para o espectro IDD em indivíduos geneticamente suscetíveis. (ZikV neurológicas aguda óptica (DDII Brasil EM, , (EM) SNC. SNC . (SNC) 30 Janeiro NS 56 5 6 5/ CSSVPV/CSAVPV CSSVPVCSAVPV CSSVPV CSAVPV (CSSVPV/CSAVPV 83 identidade D alfahélice. alfahélice alfa hélice. hélice alfa-hélice suscetíveis (EM (SNC 3 8

Abstract Background Evidence indicates a strong link between Zika virus (ZikV) and neurological complications. Acute myelitis, optic neuritis, polyneuropathy, and encephalomyelitis that mimic inflammatory idiopathic demyelination disorders (HDD) after ZikV infection have been reported in Brazil. Objective The present study aims to investigate the possible occurrence of molecular mimicry between ZikV antigens and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) autoantigens, the most frequent HDD of the central nervous system (CNS). Methods A retrospective cohort study with 305 patients admitted due to suspected arbovirus infection in Rio de Janeiro was performed, all subjects were submitted to neurological examination, and a biological sample was collected for serologic and molecular diagnostic. Bioinformatics tools were used to analyze the peptides shared between ZikV antigens and MS autoantigens. Results Of 305 patients, twenty-six were positive for ZikV and 4 presented IDD patterns found in MS cases. Sequence homology comparisons by bioinformatics approach between NS5 ZikV and PLP MS protein revealed a homology of 5/6 consecutive amino acids (CSSVPV/CSAVPV) with 83% identity, deducing a molecular mimicry. Analysis of the 3D structures revealed a similar conformation with alpha helix presentation. Conclusions Molecular mimicry between NS5 Zika virus antigen and PLP MS autoantigens emerge as a possible mechanism for IDD spectrum in genetically susceptible individuals. (ZikV complications myelitis neuritis polyneuropathy (HDD Brazil (MS CNS. CNS . (CNS) 30 performed examination diagnostic twentysix twenty six cases NS 56 5 6 5/ CSSVPV/CSAVPV CSSVPVCSAVPV CSSVPV CSAVPV (CSSVPV/CSAVPV 83 identity D presentation individuals (CNS 3 8

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar o impacto do uso de máscara de proteção facial na performance comunicativa dos repórteres durante a pandemia da COVID-19, bem como verificar se existe associação entre esses aspectos. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal, de caráter descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Participaram 32 repórteres que atuaram durante a pandemia, sendo 16 do sexo feminino e 16 do sexo masculino. A maioria dos participantes tinha ensino superior (n = 28; 87,5%). A amostra apresentou média de idade de 35,09 anos (DP = 9,41) e tempo de atuação na área de 10,09 anos (DP = 7,62). Os repórteres responderam a um formulário online composto por 26 questões, elaborado pelos próprios pesquisadores, sobre a autopercepção vocal e performance comunicativa do repórter com o uso de máscara durante a pandemia. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados e aplicado o teste Qui-quadrado por meio do software Statistical Package for Social Sciences 20 (SPSS). Resultados: a maioria dos repórteres (n = 20; 62,5%) classificou sua voz e articulação de fala como boas (n = 19; 59,4%). A maioria dos participantes relatou sentir dificuldade de ouvir e/ou ser ouvido pelo entrevistado em locais com ruído e perceber a sua voz mais baixa, com pouco volume ou abafada (n= 28; 87,5%), bem como 22 (68,8%) relataram ter que falar mais alto do que o normal para ser ouvido. Por fim, verificou-se a presença de associações entre as questões sobre a performance comunicativa dos repórteres e o uso de máscaras durante as reportagens. Conclusão: os repórteres apresentaram impactos negativos com uso das máscaras de proteção facial durante as reportagens, bem como verificou-se associação entre o uso destas com a performance comunicativa. Objetivo COVID19, COVID19 COVID 19, 19 COVID-19 aspectos Métodos tratase trata transversal descritivo quantitativa 3 1 masculino n 28 87,5%. 875 87,5% . 87 5 87,5%) 3509 35 09 35,0 DP 9,41 941 9 41 1009 10 10,0 7,62. 762 7,62 7 62 7,62) 2 pesquisadores Quiquadrado Qui quadrado SPSS. SPSS (SPSS) Resultados 62,5% 625 59,4%. 594 59,4% 59 4 59,4%) eou baixa n= 87,5%, , 68,8% 688 68 8 (68,8% fim verificouse verificou reportagens Conclusão COVID1 COVID-1 87,5 350 0 35, 9,4 94 100 10, 76 7,6 6 (SPSS 62,5 59,4 68,8 (68,8 COVID- 87, 9, 7, 62, 59, 68, (68, (68 (6 (

ABSTRACT Purpose: to identify the impact of wearing protective face masks on reporters’ communicative performance during the COVID-19 pandemic and verify whether there was an association between these aspects. Methods: a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a sample of 32 reporters (16 females and 16 males) who worked, during the pandemic. Most participants had a bachelor’s degree (n = 28; 87.5%). The sample’s mean age was 35.09 years (SD = 9.41), and they had been working in the area for a mean of 10.09 years (SD = 7.62). Reporters answered an online form with 26 questions, developed by the researchers, on their self-perception of voice and communicative performance when wearing a mask, during the pandemic. Data were descriptively analyzed, and the chi-square test was applied with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20 (SPSS). Results: most reporters (n = 20; 62.5%) classified their voices and speech articulation as good (n = 19; 59.4%) and reported difficulties hearing and/or being heard by interviewees in noisy places and perceived their voices were lower, muffled, or with a low volume (n = 28; 87.5%). Also, 22 (68.8%) reported having to speak louder than usually to be heard. Lastly, the questions on reporters’ communicative performance were associated with wearing masks while reporting. Conclusion: wearing protective face masks, during reportage, negatively impacted reporters and was associated with their communicative performance. Purpose COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 aspects Methods quantitative descriptive crosssectional cross sectional 3 (1 1 males worked bachelors bachelor s n 28 87.5%. 875 87.5% . 87 5 87.5%) samples 3509 35 09 35.0 SD 9.41, 941 9.41 , 9 41 9.41) 1009 10 10.0 7.62. 762 7.62 7 62 7.62) 2 researchers selfperception self perception mask analyzed chisquare chi square SPSS. SPSS (SPSS) Results 62.5% 625 59.4% 594 59 4 andor lower muffled Also 68.8% 688 68 8 (68.8% Lastly reporting Conclusion reportage COVID1 COVID- ( 87.5 350 0 35. 94 9.4 100 10. 76 7.6 6 (SPSS 62.5 59.4 68.8 (68.8 87. 9. 7. 62. 59. 68. (68. (68 (6

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi isolar Toxoplasma gondii de tecidos de galinhas caipiras da região sudoeste de Goiás, detectar e caracterizar molecularmente o material genético do parasito e determinar a soroprevalência do protozoário nestes animais. A soropositividade para anticorpos anti- T. gondii, nas galinhas caipiras, foi de 76% (19/25), enquanto a detecção do material genético dos tecidos foi de 56% (14/25). Por meio do bioensaio foi obtido um total de 14 isolados, sendo 10 agudos, dos quais oito foram considerados isolados de elevada virulência, sendo letais para camundongos; e quatro de baixa virulência, com capacidade de cronificar a infecção, considerados não letais. Em sete dos dez isolados foram identificadas diferenças morfométricas significativas em relação à cepa RH, quanto à distância núcleo-complexo apical, comprimento e largura. A genotipagem dos isolados agudos por RFLP-PCR foi realizada, utilizando-se 11 marcadores genéticos SAG1, SAG2 (3´SAG2 e 5´SAG2), alt.SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, APICO. Os resultados foram comparados e classificados de acordo com os genótipos presentes na Plataforma ToxoDB, nos quais diferentes perfis foram observados indicando a presença de dois genótipos conhecidos (#7 e #63) e cinco genótipos novos (NEW 3, NEW4, NEW5, NEW6, NEW 7). Os resultados demonstraram elevada soroprevalência, taxa de isolamento, detecção molecular e variações genotípicas de T. gondii em galinhas caipiras da região sudoeste de Goiás. Goiás animais anti T 76 19/25, 1925 19/25 , 19 25 (19/25) 56 14/25. 1425 14/25 . (14/25) 1 virulência camundongos infecção RH núcleocomplexo núcleo complexo apical largura RFLPPCR RFLP PCR realizada utilizandose utilizando se SAG1 SAG 3´SAG2 3SAG2 3 (3´SAG 5´SAG2, 5SAG2 5´SAG2 5 5´SAG2) altSAG2 altSAG alt alt.SAG2 SAG3 BTUB GRA6 GRA c228, c228 c c22 8, 8 c22-8 c292, c292 c29 2, 2 c29-2 L358 L PK1 PK APICO ToxoDB #7 7 (# #63 63 NEW4 NEW5 NEW6 7. 7) isolamento 192 19/2 (19/25 142 14/2 (14/25 3´SAG 3SAG 5SAG 5´SAG alt.SAG c2 c22- c29- L35 # ( #6 6 19/ (19/2 14/ (14/2 L3 (19/ (14/ (19 (14 (1

Abstract The purpose of this study was to isolate Toxoplasma gondii from tissues of free-range chickens in the southwestern region of Goiás, to detect and molecularly characterize the genetic material of the parasite, and to determine the seroprevalence of the protozoan parasite in these animals. A seroprevalence of T. gondii antibodies of 76% (19/25) was found among the chickens, while genetic material from their tissues was detected in 56% (14/25). A total of 14 isolates was obtained in the bioassay, ten of which were considered acute, eight were considered isolates of high virulence lethal to mice, and four of low virulence, considered non-lethal but with the ability to chronify the infection. Seven of the ten isolates showed significant morphometric differences from the RH strain, in terms of nucleus-complex-apical distance, length and width. Genotyping of the acute isolates was performed by RFLP-PCR, using 11 genetic markers: SAG1, SAG2 (3’SAG2 and 5’SAG2), alt.SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and APICO. The results were compared and classified according to the genotypes listed on the ToxoDB Platform, where different profiles were observed indicating the presence of two known genotypes (#7 and #63) and five new genotypes (NEW 3, NEW4, NEW5, NEW6, NEW 7). The results showed high seroprevalence, isolation rate, molecular detection and genotypic variations of T. gondii in free-range chickens in the southwestern region of Goiás. freerange free range Goiás animals T 76 19/25 1925 19 25 (19/25 56 14/25. 1425 14/25 . (14/25) 1 bioassay mice nonlethal non infection strain nucleuscomplexapical nucleus complex apical distance width RFLPPCR, RFLPPCR RFLP PCR, PCR RFLP-PCR markers SAG1 SAG 3SAG2 3 (3’SAG 5SAG2, 5SAG2 5 , 5’SAG2) altSAG2 altSAG alt alt.SAG2 SAG3 BTUB GRA6 GRA c228, c228 c c22 8, 8 c22-8 c292, c292 c29 2, 2 c29-2 L358 L PK1 PK APICO Platform #7 7 (# #63 63 NEW4 NEW5 NEW6 7. 7) rate 19/2 192 (19/2 142 14/2 (14/25 3SAG 5SAG 5’SAG2 alt.SAG c2 c22- c29- L35 # ( #6 6 19/ (19/ 14/ (14/2 5’SAG L3 (19 (14/ (1 (14

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar o consumo alimentar no Brasil por raça/cor da pele da população. MÉTODOS Foram analisados dados de consumo alimentar da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2017–2018. Alimentos e preparações culinárias foram agrupados em 31 itens, compondo três grupos principais, definidos por características do processamento industrial: 1 – in natura/minimamente processados, 2 – processados e 3 – ultraprocessados. O percentual de calorias de cada grupo foi estimado por categorias de raça/cor da pele – branca, preta, parda, indígena e amarela –, utilizando-se regressão linear bruta e ajustada para sexo, idade, escolaridade, renda, macrorregião e área. RESULTADOS Nas análises brutas, o consumo de alimentos in natura/minimamente processados foi menor para amarelos [66,0% (Intervalo de Confiança 95% 62,4–69,6)] e brancos [66,6% (IC95% 66,1–67,1)] que para pretos [69,8% (IC95% 68,9–70,8)] e pardos [70,2% (IC95% 69,7–70,7)]. Amarelos consumiram menos alimentos processados, com 9,2% das calorias (IC95% 7,2–11,1) enquanto os demais consumiram aproximadamente 13%. Ultraprocessados foram menos consumidos por pretos [16,6% (IC95% 15,6–17,6)] e pardos [16,6% (IC95% 16,2–17,1)], e o maior consumo ocorreu entre brancos [20,1% (IC95% 19,6–20,6)] e amarelos [24,5% (IC95% 20,0–29,1)]. O ajuste dos modelos reduziu a magnitude das diferenças entre as categorias de raça/cor da pele. A diferença entre pretos e pardos em relação aos brancos diminuiu, de 3 pontos percentuais (pp), para 1,2 pp no consumo de alimentos in natura/minimamente processados e as maiores diferenças remanescentes foram no consumo de arroz e feijão, com maior percentual na alimentação de pretos e pardos. A participação de alimentos processados permaneceu aproximadamente 4 pp menor para amarelos. O consumo de ultraprocessados diminuiu aproximadamente 2 pp para brancos e amarelos; por outro lado, aumentou 1 pp no consumo de pretos, pardos e indígenas. CONCLUSÃO Diferenças no consumo alimentar segundo raça/cor da pele foram encontradas e são influenciadas por condições socioeconômicas e demográficas. raçacor raça cor população 20172018 2017 2018 2017–2018 itens principais industrial naturaminimamente natura minimamente branca preta parda utilizandose utilizando se sexo idade escolaridade renda área brutas 66,0% 660 66 0 [66,0 Intervalo 95 62,4–69,6 624696 62 69 6 62,4–69,6) 66,6% 666 [66,6 IC95% IC95 IC (IC95 66,1–67,1 661671 67 66,1–67,1) 69,8% 698 8 [69,8 68,9–70,8 689708 68 9 70 68,9–70,8) 70,2% 702 [70,2 69,7–70,7. 697707 69,7–70,7 . 7 69,7–70,7)] 92 9,2 7,2–11,1 72111 11 13 13% 16,6% 166 16 [16,6 15,6–17,6 156176 15 17 15,6–17,6) 16,2–17,1, 162171 16,2–17,1 , 16,2–17,1)] 20,1% 201 20 [20,1 19,6–20,6 196206 19 19,6–20,6) 24,5% 245 24 5 [24,5 20,0–29,1. 200291 20,0–29,1 29 20,0–29,1)] pp, (pp) 12 1, feijão lado indígenas demográficas 2017201 2017–201 66,0 [66, 62,4–69, 62469 66,6 IC9 (IC9 66,1–67, 66167 69,8 [69, 68,9–70, 68970 70,2 [70, 69770 69,7–70, 69,7–70,7) 9, 7,2–11, 7211 16,6 [16, 15,6–17, 15617 16217 16,2–17, 16,2–17,1) 20,1 [20, 19,6–20, 19620 24,5 [24, 20029 20,0–29, 20,0–29,1) (pp 201720 2017–20 66, [66 62,4–69 6246 (IC 66,1–67 6616 69, [69 68,9–70 6897 70, [70 6977 69,7–70 7,2–11 721 16, [16 15,6–17 1561 1621 16,2–17 20, [20 19,6–20 1962 24, [24 2002 20,0–29 20172 2017–2 [6 62,4–6 624 66,1–6 661 68,9–7 689 [7 697 69,7–7 7,2–1 72 [1 15,6–1 156 162 16,2–1 [2 19,6–2 196 200 20,0–2 2017– [ 62,4– 66,1– 68,9– 69,7– 7,2– 15,6– 16,2– 19,6– 20,0– 62,4 66,1 68,9 69,7 7,2 15,6 16,2 19,6 20,0 62, 68, 7, 15, 19,

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate food consumption in Brazil by race/skin color of the population. METHODS Food consumption data from the Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF – Household Budget Survey) 2017–2018 were analyzed. Food and culinary preparations were grouped into 31 items, composing three main groups, defined by industrial processing characteristics: 1 – in natura/minimally processed, 2 – processed, and 3 – ultra-processed. The percentage of calories from each group was estimated by categories of race/skin color – White, Black, Mixed-race, Indigenous, and Yellow– using crude and adjusted linear regression for gender, age, schooling, income, macro-region, and area. RESULTS In the crude analyses, the consumption of in natura/minimally processed foods was lower for Yellow [66.0% (95% Confidence Interval 62.4–69.6)] and White [66.6% (95%CI 66.1–67.1)] groups than for Blacks [69.8% (95%CI 68.9–70.8)] and Mixed-race people [70.2% (95%CI 69.7–70.7)]. Yellow individuals consumed fewer processed foods, with 9.2% of energy (95%CI 7.2–11.1) whereas the other groups consumed approximately 13%. Ultra-processed foods were less consumed by Blacks [16.6% (95%CI 15.6–17.6)] and Mixed-race [16.6% (95%CI 16.2–17.1)], with the highest consumption among White [20.1% (95%CI 19.6–20.6)] and Yellow [24.5% (95%CI 20.0–29.1)] groups. The adjustment of the models reduced the magnitude of the differences between the categories of race/skin color. The difference between Black and Mixed-race individuals from the White ones decreased from 3 percentage points (pp) to 1.2 pp in the consumption of in natura/minimally processed foods and the largest differences remained in the consumption of rice and beans, with a higher percentage in the diet of Black and Mixed-race people. The contribution of processed foods remained approximately 4 pp lower for Yellow individuals. The consumption of ultra-processed products decreased by approximately 2 pp for White and Yellow groups; on the other hand, it increased by 1 pp in the consumption of Black, Mixed-race, and Indigenous peoples. CONCLUSION Differences in food consumption according to race/skin color were found and are influenced by socioeconomic and demographic conditions. raceskin race skin population POF Survey 20172018 2017 2018 2017–201 analyzed items characteristics naturaminimally natura minimally ultraprocessed. ultraprocessed ultra processed. Mixedrace, Mixedrace Mixed race, gender age schooling income macroregion, macroregion macro region, region macro-region area analyses 66.0% 660 66 0 [66.0 95% 95 (95 62.4–69.6 624696 62 69 6 62.4–69.6) 66.6% 666 [66.6 95%CI 95CI CI 66.1–67.1 661671 67 66.1–67.1) 69.8% 698 8 [69.8 68.9–70.8 689708 68 9 70 68.9–70.8) 70.2% 702 [70.2 69.7–70.7. 697707 69.7–70.7 . 7 69.7–70.7)] 92 9.2 7.2–11.1 72111 11 13 13% Ultraprocessed Ultra 16.6% 166 16 [16.6 15.6–17.6 156176 15 17 15.6–17.6) 16.2–17.1, 162171 16.2–17.1 , 16.2–17.1)] 20.1% 201 20 [20.1 19.6–20.6 196206 19 19.6–20.6) 24.5% 245 24 5 [24.5 20.0–29.1 200291 29 20.0–29.1) (pp 12 1. beans hand peoples conditions 2017201 2017–20 66.0 [66. (9 62.4–69. 62469 66.6 66.1–67. 66167 69.8 [69. 68.9–70. 68970 70.2 [70. 69770 69.7–70. 69.7–70.7) 9. 7.2–11. 7211 16.6 [16. 15.6–17. 15617 16217 16.2–17. 16.2–17.1) 20.1 [20. 19.6–20. 19620 24.5 [24. 20.0–29. 20029 201720 2017–2 66. [66 ( 62.4–69 6246 66.1–67 6616 69. [69 68.9–70 6897 70. [70 6977 69.7–70 7.2–11 721 16. [16 15.6–17 1561 1621 16.2–17 20. [20 19.6–20 1962 24. [24 20.0–29 2002 20172 2017– [6 62.4–6 624 66.1–6 661 68.9–7 689 [7 697 69.7–7 7.2–1 72 [1 15.6–1 156 162 16.2–1 [2 19.6–2 196 20.0–2 200 [ 62.4– 66.1– 68.9– 69.7– 7.2– 15.6– 16.2– 19.6– 20.0– 62.4 66.1 68.9 69.7 7.2 15.6 16.2 19.6 20.0 62. 68. 7. 15. 19.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar o consumo alimentar no Brasil por raça/cor da pele da população. MÉTODOS Foram analisados dados de consumo alimentar da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2017–2018. Alimentos e preparações culinárias foram agrupados em 31 itens, compondo três grupos principais, definidos por características do processamento industrial: 1 – in natura/minimamente processados, 2 – processados e 3 – ultraprocessados. O percentual de calorias de cada grupo foi estimado por categorias de raça/cor da pele – branca, preta, parda, indígena e amarela –, utilizando-se regressão linear bruta e ajustada para sexo, idade, escolaridade, renda, macrorregião e área. RESULTADOS Nas análises brutas, o consumo de alimentos in natura/minimamente processados foi menor para amarelos [66,0% (Intervalo de Confiança 95% 62,4–69,6)] e brancos [66,6% (IC95% 66,1–67,1)] que para pretos [69,8% (IC95% 68,9–70,8)] e pardos [70,2% (IC95% 69,7–70,7)]. Amarelos consumiram menos alimentos processados, com 9,2% das calorias (IC95% 7,2–11,1) enquanto os demais consumiram aproximadamente 13%. Ultraprocessados foram menos consumidos por pretos [16,6% (IC95% 15,6–17,6)] e pardos [16,6% (IC95% 16,2–17,1)], e o maior consumo ocorreu entre brancos [20,1% (IC95% 19,6–20,6)] e amarelos [24,5% (IC95% 20,0–29,1)]. O ajuste dos modelos reduziu a magnitude das diferenças entre as categorias de raça/cor da pele. A diferença entre pretos e pardos em relação aos brancos diminuiu, de 3 pontos percentuais (pp), para 1,2 pp no consumo de alimentos in natura/minimamente processados e as maiores diferenças remanescentes foram no consumo de arroz e feijão, com maior percentual na alimentação de pretos e pardos. A participação de alimentos processados permaneceu aproximadamente 4 pp menor para amarelos. O consumo de ultraprocessados diminuiu aproximadamente 2 pp para brancos e amarelos; por outro lado, aumentou 1 pp no consumo de pretos, pardos e indígenas. CONCLUSÃO Diferenças no consumo alimentar segundo raça/cor da pele foram encontradas e são influenciadas por condições socioeconômicas e demográficas.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate food consumption in Brazil by race/skin color of the population. METHODS Food consumption data from the Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF – Household Budget Survey) 2017–2018 were analyzed. Food and culinary preparations were grouped into 31 items, composing three main groups, defined by industrial processing characteristics: 1 – in natura/minimally processed, 2 – processed, and 3 – ultra-processed. The percentage of calories from each group was estimated by categories of race/skin color – White, Black, Mixed-race, Indigenous, and Yellow– using crude and adjusted linear regression for gender, age, schooling, income, macro-region, and area. RESULTS In the crude analyses, the consumption of in natura/minimally processed foods was lower for Yellow [66.0% (95% Confidence Interval 62.4–69.6)] and White [66.6% (95%CI 66.1–67.1)] groups than for Blacks [69.8% (95%CI 68.9–70.8)] and Mixed-race people [70.2% (95%CI 69.7–70.7)]. Yellow individuals consumed fewer processed foods, with 9.2% of energy (95%CI 7.2–11.1) whereas the other groups consumed approximately 13%. Ultra-processed foods were less consumed by Blacks [16.6% (95%CI 15.6–17.6)] and Mixed-race [16.6% (95%CI 16.2–17.1)], with the highest consumption among White [20.1% (95%CI 19.6–20.6)] and Yellow [24.5% (95%CI 20.0–29.1)] groups. The adjustment of the models reduced the magnitude of the differences between the categories of race/skin color. The difference between Black and Mixed-race individuals from the White ones decreased from 3 percentage points (pp) to 1.2 pp in the consumption of in natura/minimally processed foods and the largest differences remained in the consumption of rice and beans, with a higher percentage in the diet of Black and Mixed-race people. The contribution of processed foods remained approximately 4 pp lower for Yellow individuals. The consumption of ultra-processed products decreased by approximately 2 pp for White and Yellow groups; on the other hand, it increased by 1 pp in the consumption of Black, Mixed-race, and Indigenous peoples. CONCLUSION Differences in food consumption according to race/skin color were found and are influenced by socioeconomic and demographic conditions.

Abstract Curcumin, contained at Turmeric (Curcumalonga), can exert many beneficial pleiotropic activities in the gastrointestinal tract. This study evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of C. longa on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced oral mucositis (OM) in hamsters. Phytochemical analysis of crude C. longa extract (CLE) was performed to detect the presence of curcumin by TLC and HPLC. Golden Syrian hamsters were orally pre-treated with CLE (5, 50, or 100mg/kg). Cheek pouch samples were subjected to macroscopic and histopathological evaluation. ELISA was performed to quantify the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy analysis. Behavior analysis was conducted by the open field test. Curcumin content in the CLE was 0.55%m/m ± 0.0161 (2.84%). The group treated with 5mg/kg CLE showed healing evidence with macroscopic absence of ulceration (p<0.05) and microscopic aspect of re-epithelialization, discrete inflammatory infiltrate and absence of edema. Treatment with 5mg/kg CLE significantly increased GSH levels, and reduced MDA levels and SOD activity (p˂0.05), and decreased IL-1β (p˂0.05) and TNF-α (p˂0.01) levels. A significant reduction in walking distance, ambulation, speed, and rearing was observed for motor activity. Curcumin reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, and motor activity in hamsters with 5-FU-induced OM.

Resumo Testamos a hipótese que das espécies estudadas do Semiárido brasileiro, as funcionalmente mais semelhantes com a arbórea exótica Azadirachta indicaseriam mais afetadas na germinação e no desenvolvimento inicial. Inicialmente foi produzido extrato bruto das folhas frescas da exótica em seis diluições. Para cada diluição foram colocadas para germinar 25 sementes, de quatro espécies nativas ( Cenostigma pyramidale, Libidibia ferrea, Mimosa caesalpiniifoliae Amburana cearensis), em placas de Petri com quatro repetições para cada espécie, onde foram avaliados: comprimento da radícula, porcentagem de emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência e tempo médio de emergência. Para avaliar a influência da exótica sobre o desenvolvimento dos indivíduos das espécies estudadas foi realizado um experimento em casa de vegetação. As sementes foram plantadas em 10 baldes de 20 l., sendo cinco baldes para cada espécie nativa isolada e cinco para ela em interação com a espécie exótica. O experimento durou quatro meses, e os atributos funcionais dos indivíduos foram coletados. Das nativas analisadas, de acordo com a análise de agrupamento usando os atributos funcionais das espécies plantadas isoladamente, M. caesalpiniifolia, C. pyramidalee L. ferreaforam funcionalmente mais próximas da exótica. No experimento de germinação notou-se que o extrato afetou apenas o comprimento da raiz, independente da proximidade funcional. Notamos que apenas M. caesalpiniifolia, plantada em interação, teve seu desenvolvimento inicial fortemente inibido. A semelhança funcional entre a exótica e as nativas não influenciou na germinação, mas afetou negativamente o desenvolvimento.

Abstract We tested the hypothesis that of the species studied in the Brazilian Semiarid, the ones most functionally similar to tree Azadirachta indicawould be more affected by this exotic species during germination and early development. At first, we produced a crude extract of A. indica fresh leaves in six different dilutions. We placed 25 seeds of four native species ( Cenostigma pyramidale, Libidibia ferrea, Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, and Amburana cearensis) to germinate in Petri dishes for each dilution, with four replicates for each species. We assessed: radicle length, emergence percentage, emergence speed index, and mean emergence time. We conducted an experiment in a greenhouse to assess how the exotic plant affected the development of individual plants of the studied species. We planted five seeds of each native species alone and five in interaction with the exotic species using ten 20-l buckets. The experiment lasted four months, and the functional attributes of the individuals were collected. Among the native species analyzed, according to the cluster analysis using the functional attributes of the species planted alone, M. caesalpiniifolia, C. pyramidaleand L. ferreawere functionally more similar to the exotic species. In the germination experiment, the extract affected only root length, regardless of the functional similarity. We noticed that only M. caesalpiniifoliahad its early development strongly inhibited when planted in interaction with the exotic species. Although the functional similarity between the exotic and the native species did not influence germination, it negatively affected the development.

ABSTRACT We assessed the impacts of the biological invasion of Azadirachta indica on the quality of plant species native to a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest. We planted Amburana cearensis, Libidibia ferrea, Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, and Cenostigma pyramidale individuals alone and interacting with the exotic species. We measured their diameters at ground level and heights for four months, calculating their monthly and general average. After this period, seedlings were destroyed to obtain their number of leaves, leaf area, specific leaf area, length and primary root area, wood density, wood dry matter, leaf dry matter, shoot dry matter, primary root dry matter, secondary root dry matter, root system dry matter, and total dry matter. The presence of the exotic species affected the functional characteristics of native species in different ways. We observed negative effects in M. caesalpiniifolia and A. cearensis, positive effects in C. pyramidale, and mixed effects in L. ferrea. In addition, we identified conflicting demands between pairs of characteristics of the interacting species A. cearensis and M. caesalpiniifolia. Based on the results, it is possible to conclude that A. indica decreases the quality of individuals of most native species studied, which may have consequences for their establishment and the local biodiversity.

Resumo Objetivos: identificar a prevalência e os fatores determinantes da oferta do complemento alimentar para o recém-nascido. Métodos: estudo transversal, aninhado a um estudo de coorte que avaliou a assistência ao neonato em quatro maternidades públicas de Natal/Brasil. Amostra composta de 415 mães, e recém-nascidos à termo, com peso adequado para idade gestacional e Apgar no 1º e 5º minuto ≥ 7. Para analisar os fatores determinantes, foi utilizado a regressão de Poisson. Resultados: dos 415 recém-nascidos, 51,3% receberam complemento (57,6% na primeira hora de vida), dos quais 92% com fórmula infantil. Destes, apenas 50,7% foi prescrito pelo médico. A deficiência de colostro foi o principal motivo de indicação (33,8%). A idade materna ≤ 20 anos (RP=0,64; IC95%=0,47-0,86) e entre 20-30 anos (RP=0,70; IC95%=0,57-0,87, em comparação com mulheres acima de 30 anos, mostrou-se como fator de proteção, enquanto ser primípara (RP=1,37; IC95%=1,11-1,60) e o parto cesárea (RP=1,2; IC95%=1,00-1,45) como fatores de risco. Conclusão: as características maternas e assistenciais estão associadas à oferta de complemento alimentar ao recém-nascido nas primeiras horas de vida. A alta prevalência mostra a necessidade de intervenções que minimizem a oferta inadequada de fórmula infantil, e promovam o aleitamento materno exclusivo antes da alta hospitalar.

Abstract Objectives: to identify the prevalence and determining factors of the complements in offering food to newborns. Methods: across-sectional study nested to a cohort study that assessed newborn care in four public maternity hospitals in Natal/Brazil. Sample was composed by 415 mothers and full-term newborns, with appropriate weight for gestational age and Apgar scores in 1st and 5th minutes ≥ 7. In order to analyze the determining factors, we used Poisson’s regression. Results: from 415 newborns, 51.3% received feeding complements (57.6% in the first hour of life), of which 92% was infant formula. Only 50.7% of those complement in offering food were prescribed by physicians. Colostrum deficiency was the main reason to be indicated (33.8%). Maternal age ≤ 20 years old (PR=0.64; CI95%=0.47-0.86) and between 2030 years old (PR=0.70; CI95%=0.57-0.87)comparing to women older than 30 were shown as protective factors, while being primiparous (PR=1.37; CI95%=1.11-1.60) and had cesarean section (PR=1.2; CI95%=1.00-1.45) as risk factors. Conclusion: maternal characteristics are associated with the complement in offering food to the newborn in the first hours of life. The high prevalence shows the need for interventions that minimize the inadequate offer of infant formula and promote exclusive breastfeeding before hospital discharge.