ABSTRACT In the last decades, the global incidence of arboviruses transmitted by the vector Aedes aegypti has increased dramatically with the increased oh human mobility and urbanization. The study of the mosquito population is of great importance for public health in countries where climatic and environmental conditions are favorable for the spread of these diseases transmitted by A. aegypti. This was a cross-sectional study that assessed causal relationships between why mosquitoes are prevalent in the region studied and socioeconomic variables, practices, knowledge, attitudes, and the effect of the cause in two regions chosen according to vulnerability (São Paulo Social Vulnerability Index). Of the 435 residents interviewed, 95% (413/435) were informed about vector control and claimed to contribute to the day-to-day sanitary practices necessary to combat it, in addition to being able to identify it. Most participants in both regions believed they were at risk, but vector control practices did not match those recorded in the survey. A correlation was found between the population’s level of education and the practices observed. Despite the high levels of knowledge and the perceptions of the interviewed population about A. aegypti, the erroneous behavior of the residents persisted, thus hindering disease prevention and vector control actions, promoting the conditions conducive to the proliferation of the vector, and, consequently, increasing the risk of disease. The study indicated that one of the most effective means to control the A. aegypti vector is a society informed about preventive measures in the surveillance sectors.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of minerals in the clay fraction on physical attributes of Yellow Ultisol cultivated with sugarcane and prepared with two different treatments: chiseling across the entire area and chiseling only in planting rows. The samples were collected from four layers of soil at eight months after planting. We assessed the texture of the soil, levels of iron extracted by dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) and ammonium acid oxalate (AAO), ratio of kaolinite/(kaolinite + gibbsite), soil bulk density, and soil penetration resistance. The first area showed a higher ratio of kaolinite/(kaolinite + gibbsite) and the second area had greater levels of iron extracted by DCB. Levels of iron extracted by DCB were inversely correlated with soil bulk density and penetration resistance, while the kaolinite/(kaolinite + gibbsite) ratio was directly correlated with soil bulk density and penetration resistance. The area with a greater kaolinite/(kaolinite + gibbsite) ratio had higher values of soil bulk density and soil penetration resistance and the area with higher levels of iron showed lower values of soil bulk density and soil penetration resistance. The mineralogy influenced the soil's physical attributes, while soil preparation treatments did not.

RESUMO A enxertia cutânea é uma técnica cirúrgica simples e bastante útil para o reparo de feridas, principalmente aquelas onde existe dificuldade da aplicação do fechamento primário ou de outras técnicas reconstrutivas. Entretanto, para a sobrevivência do enxerto, é necessário que o leito da ferida esteja saudável e com presença de tecido de granulação exuberante. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a aplicação da membrana amniótica e da laserterapia como potenciais estimulantes da cicatrização em enxertos aplicados em feridas sem tecido de granulação. Foram utilizados 42 coelhos, divididos em quatro grupos: grupo controle (GC), grupo membrana (GM), grupo laser (GL) e grupo membrana e laser (GML), submetidos a avaliações macro e microscópicas. Na avaliação macroscópica, foi possível notar que os pacientes dos grupos nos quais a membrana amniótica foi utilizada (GM e GML) apresentaram evidências associadas à acentuada reação inflamatória, à falha de integração do enxerto e à consequente necrose dele. Já os pacientes do GL apresentaram melhor aspecto do enxerto no último dia de avaliação. Na análise microscópica, observou-se intensa integração do enxerto à derme, reepitelização acentuada e escassas células inflamatórias no local do enxerto no GL. O contrário foi observado nos pacientes do GM e GML, nos quais aparentemente houve rejeição da membrana. A formação de colágeno não se correlacionou com outros fatores, como inflamação e necrose, em nenhum dos grupos de tratamento. Dessa forma, é possível afirmar que a laserterapia mostrou ser efetiva, contribuindo para o processo cicatricial e a integração do enxerto. Já a membrana amniótica canina não deve ser utilizada para esse fim, pois provoca intensa reação inflamatória, além de impedir a nutrição do enxerto.

ABSTRACT Skin grafting is a simple surgical technique and useful to repair wounds, especially those where there is a difficulty to apply primary closure skin or other reconstructive techniques. However, for graft survival a healthy wound bed and the presence of an exuberant granulation tissue are necessary. This study aimed to evaluate the application of amniotic membrane and laser therapy as potential healing stimulants in grafts applied in wounds without granulation tissue. For this, we used 42 rabbits divided into four treatment groups, control group (CG), membrane group (MG), laser group (LG) and membrane and laser group (MLG), submitted to macroscopic and microscopic evaluation. The macroscopic examination showed that the patients of the groups where the amniotic membrane was used in order to stimulate re-epithelialization (MG and MLG) presented evidences associated with severe inflammatory reaction, graft integration failure and consequent necrosis. LG patients apparently had the best graph aspect in the last valuation date. Microscopic examination showed intense integration of the graft to the dermis, high re-epithelialization level, and scarce inflammatory cells in the graft site of LG patients. The opposite was observed in patients in the MG and MLG groups, where a rejection of the membrane was observed. Finally, collagen formation was not correlated with other factors such as inflammation and necrosis in any of the treatment groups. We can conclude that laser therapy was effective, contributing to the healing process and integration of the graft. Thus, canine amniotic membrane should not be used for this purpose because it causes intense inflammatory reaction besides avoiding graft nutrition.

A qualidade da água é muito importante para irrigação por gotejamento, pois ela escoa por pequenos bocais dos emissores, podendo ocorrer obstrução devido à deposição dos sólidos em suspensão. Portanto, antes da instalação do projeto, devem-se avaliar parâmetros de qualidade da água, para adotar medidas preventivas, evitando o risco de entupimento do sistema. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar um sistema composto por aeradores com aspersores, sobre leito de pedra, para a precipitação dos íons Fe+2e Mn+2 em tanque de decantação, e um conjunto de filtragem composto por três filtros de areia e um de disco, em sistema de irrigação localizada. O trabalho foi realizado na Fazenda Alvorada, no município de Nova Granada - SP, no período de março a outubro de 2008. Foram realizadas determinações de variáveis físicas e químicas da água, ao longo do sistema de aeração, decantação e filtragem, o qual foi eficiente para a melhoria da qualidade de água, reduzindo os níveis de risco de entupimento de severo para médio e de médio para baixo. Oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade elétrica, pH, Fe+2e Fe+3 não diferenciaram a qualidade de água entre os pontos do sistema de tratamento, porém a turbidez, sólidos dissolvidos, sólidos em suspensão, ferro total e manganês total reduziram-se significativamente pelo uso do sistema proposto, melhorando a qualidade da água.

Water quality is very important to drip irrigation, as it flows in small diameter holes, and may cause obstruction due to deposition of solid matter. Whence the water must be evaluated before installation of the project. Parameters related to water quality are essential to define conducting measures to avoid the risk of clogging the system. This study aimed to evaluate a system with sprinklers aeration on bedrock, for Fe+2and Mn total precipitation in sedimentation tank and a set of filtering consisting of three sand filters and a disk, installed in drip irrigation system. The study was conducted at Alvorada Farm, in the municipality of Nova Granada - SP, Brazil, from March to October of 2008, when the physical and chemical water analyses were made. It was concluded that: the aeration system, sedimentation and filtration were efficient for improving water quality, reducing the levels of risk of severe to medium obstruction and medium to low obstruction. The variables, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity; pH, Fe+2and Fe+3 were not significant to indicate differences of water quality among the points of the water treatment. However, the variables such as: turbidity, dissolved solids, suspended solids, total iron and Mn+2 were statistically significant for the differentiation of the water quality.

Aedes aegypti (L.), the main vector of dengue fever in Brazil, has been controlled with the use of massive chemical products, contributing to the development of resistance and decreasing the insect control efficiency. The control of dipterans with bioinsecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis has been satisfactory, due to the production of insecticidal proteins denominated Cry (crystal), Cyt (cytolytic) toxins and Chi (chitinase), and to the synergistic effects among them. The present work aimed to select B. thuringiensis isolates efficient against A. aegypti larvae. A bacterial collection containing 1,073 isolates of B. thuringiensis, obtained from different locations of Brazilian territory, had the DNA isolated and submitted to PCR amplifications using specific primers for cry4Aa, cry4Ba, cry11Aa, cry11Ba, cyt1Aa, cyt1Ab, cyt2Aa and chi genes. For the LC50 and LC90 determination, the entomopathogenic isolates were evaluated by selective and quantitative bioassays. Only 45 isolates (4.2%) presented amplicons for the cry and cyt genes. The chi gene sequence was detected in 25 (54.3%) of those isolates. From the 45 isolates submitted to the selective bioassays, 13 caused 100% mortality of A. aegypti larvae. The identification of cry, cyt and chi genes of B. thuringiensis and the toxicity analysis on A. aegypti led to the selection of a set of isolates that have the potential to be used in the formulation of new bioinsecticides.

Com a análise das características morfométricas procura-se entender a relação solo-superfície, em decorrência dos processos erosivos sobre estruturas e litologias variadas. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar as características morfométricas do padrão de drenagem e do relevo em microbacias hidrográficas de 2ª ordem de magnitude, em Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro e Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo, com vistas ao planejamento agroambiental da Bacia Hidrográfica do Córrego Rico, município de Jaboticabal, SP. O estudo foi baseado em fotografias aéreas, pancromáticas, verticais na escala 1:35.000 da região administrativa de Ribeirão Preto. Com técnicas de fotointerpretação, foram traçadas a rede de drenagem e respectivas microbacias hidrográficas, onde as variáveis selecionadas foram determinadas. As classes de risco de degradação, resultando no uso potencial do solo, foram determinadas de acordo com o coeficiente de rugosidade. As características do padrão de drenagem e do relevo repercutiram no comportamento hidrológico e litológico das microbacias hidrográficas, possibilitando a diferenciação entre as unidades de solos. A densidade de drenagem e a amplitude altimétrica foram as características que mais contribuíram para o poder discriminatório na relação solo-superfície. Na análise conjunta do potencial de uso do solo, verificou-se, principalmente, adequação para agricultura nos Latossolos e pecuária e, ou, reflorestamento nos Argissolos.

The analysis of quantitative geomorphologic characteristics is concerned with understanding the soil-landscape relationships, resultant of erosive processes on diverse structures and lithologies. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the morphometric characteristics of the drainage pattern and relief in second order watersheds of the Córrego Rico Watershed in Jaboticabal County, São Paulo State, Brazil, covered by Oxisols and Ultisols. The study was based on vertical aerial photographs in a 1:35.000 scale. Photointerpretation techniques were used to draw the drainage network and respective hydrographic basins, where selected variables were evaluated. Classes of degradation risk, which determined the potential soil were established according to the roughness coefficient. The drainage pattern and relief characteristics strongly influenced the hydrology and geology of the hydrographic basins, and allowed the differentiation between soil units. Drainage density and relief were the characteristics that most contributed to the discrimination of the watersheds regarding soil-landscape relationship. A joint analysis of the potential soil use for microbasins indicated Oxisols for agricultural use and Ultisols for pasture and forestation.