From its very beginning, the Argentine Proceso dictatorship ("Proceso de Reorganización Nacional") of 1976-1983 proposed a single "Argentine Way of Life" ("ser nacional argentino"), a national identity to be shared by all Argentines, which was based on an exaggerated ideal of the Hispanic tradition: a strong heterosexual masculine figure and a submissive and obedient female figure. In its declarations and official communiqués, the Proceso regime attempted to recreate an imaginary past, which amounted to a caricature of classic ideals such as the "Angel of the home" ("Angel del hogar"), and the "Latin Honor Code". But this repressive machinery of censorship and propaganda was countered by another "machine," a rock band headed by Charly García called La Máquina de Hacer Pájaros. The poetic discourse of the La Máquina subtly contradicted that of the regime, at a time in which any dissent was extremely dangerous. In this study, we shall analyze the monolithic and idealized discourse of the ser nacional, which the regime imposed, in contrast to the more realistic and polyphonic vision of national identity as seen in the lyrics of Charly García's songs. Whereas the regime bombarded Argentines with rhetoric about obedient wives and daughters, in La Máquina songs, women are protagonists: heroines, goddesses, and dancers. García replaces the nineteenth-century "Angel of the home" proposed by the regime with his own angels: the independent women of the twentieth century.

Desde su inicio, la dictadura argentina que se auto-denominó el Proceso de Reorganización Nacional se propuso la consolidación de un único ser nacional, una identidad nacional compartida por todos los argentinos, que se basaba en una exagerada e idealizada visión de la tradición hispánica de la figura heterosexual masculina fuerte y la figura femenina sumisa y obediente. En sus declaraciones y comunicados oficiales, el Proceso intentaba la reinstauración de valores correspondientes a un pasado imaginado, que constituía casi una caricatura de ideales clásicos como el "ángel del hogar" y el "código de honor". Pero esta represiva maquinaria censora y propagandista vio su contrapunto en otra "máquina": nace en los mismos días que el Proceso una banda de rock del músico Charly García llamada La Máquina de Hacer Pájaros. El discurso poético de La Máquina contradecía sutilmente el discurso del régimen, en momentos en que era sumamente peligroso disentir. En este trabajo se analiza el discurso del ser nacional ideal, que el régimen militar intentaba imponer por la fuerza, en contraste con el ser nacional real que contraponían las letras de las canciones de Charly García. En contra del rol tradicional de esposas e hijas obedientes que se bombardeaba desde el discurso oficial, en las canciones de La Máquina de Hacer Pájaros, las mujeres eran protagonistas: heroínas, diosas, y bailarinas. En lugar del "ángel del hogar" que proponía el Proceso, los "ángeles" en las canciones de García son las mujeres independientes del siglo XX.

OBJETIVO: Analisar o LEPR em crianças obesas e investigar associações entre achados moleculares e características antropométricas e metabólicas. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 32 pacientes quanto às características antropométricas, à pressão arterial, à frequência cardíaca, às dosagens séricas de glicemia, à insulina, à leptina e ao perfil lipídico. O estudo molecular consistiu na amplificação e no sequenciamento automático da região codificadora do LEPR para pesquisar mutações. RESULTADOS: Identificou-se uma alta prevalência de distúrbios metabólicos: glicemia de jejum alterada em 12,5%, HOMA-IR elevado em 85,7%, níveis de HDL-colesterol baixos em 46,9%, níveis de triglicérides elevados em 40,6% e hipertensão arterial em 58,6%. O estudo molecular identificou 6 variações alélicas já descritas na literatura: rs1137100 (éxon-2), rs1137101 (éxon-4), rs1805134 (éxon-7), rs8179183 (éxon-12), rs1805096 (éxon-18) e deleção/inserção do pentanucleotídeo CTTTA na região 3' não traduzida. CONCLUSÕES: A frequência das variações alélicas observada é semelhante à descrita na literatura e não se correlacionou com nenhuma característica clínica. Os resultados da análise molecular do LEPR não parecem estar implicados na etiologia da obesidade desses pacientes.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the LEPR gene in obese children and to investigate the associations between molecular findings and anthropometric and metabolic features. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty-two patients were evaluated regarding anthropometric characteristics, blood pressure, heart rate, serum glucose, insulin, leptin levels, and lipid profile. The molecular study consisted of the amplification and automatic sequencing of the coding region of LEPR in order to investigate new mutations. RESULTS: We identified a high prevalence of metabolic disorders: impaired fasting glucose in 12.5% of the patients, elevated HOMA-IR in 85.7%, low HDL-cholesterol levels in 46.9%, high triglyceride levels in 40.6%, and hypertension in 58.6% of the patients. The molecular study identified 6 already described allelic variants: rs1137100 (exon-2), rs1137101 (exon-4), rs1805134 (exon-7), rs8179183 (exon-12), rs1805096 (exon-18), and the deletion/insertion of the pentanucleotide CTTTA at 3'untranslated region. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of alleles observed in this cohort is similar to that described in the literature, and was not correlated with any clinical feature. The molecular findings in the analysis of the LEPR did not seem to be implicated in the etiology of obesity in these patients.

Laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy was used to determine the humification degree of the organic matter of a whole soil, that is, soil without any physical or chemical treatment. Particle size was determined in physically separated fractions. The humification of organic matter, the depth of the soil and the planting system can be correlated. On the surface of the soil, no tillage provided the smallest humification in comparison with the conventional tillage and reduced tillage. The fractions of the superficial layer of the soil (0-20 cm) indicated larger humification in the fraction from 20 to 53 µm and the smallest in the fraction of <2 µm.