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Filtrates from cultures of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of Copaifera oblongifolia (Fabaceae) affect germination and seedling development differently
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Silva, P. S.

; Royo, V. A.

; Valerio, H. M.

; Fernandes, E. G.

; Queiroz, M. V.

; Fagundes, M.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e242070

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo As interações entre fungos endofíticos (FEs) e suas plantas hospedeiras variam de positivas, neutras a negativas. Os resultados destas interações podem variar dependendo do órgão da planta hospedeira infectada. FEs isolados de folhas de algumas espécies de plantas têm potencial para serem usados como agentes inibidores da germinação de sementes e no controle de plantas invasoras. Os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar os FEs presentes nas folhas de Copaifera oblongifolia e avaliar o papel destes fungos na germinação das sementes e no desenvolvimento das plântulas. Um total de 11 espécies de FEs foi isolado das folhas de C. oblongifolia e identificado através da sequência dos espaçadores internos transcritos do DNA ribossomal nuclear. As espécies de FEs isoladas são generalistas e provavelmente devem ser transmitidas horizontalmente. Os resultados dos testes de germinação mostraram que filtrados destes isolados fúngicos podem afetar diferentemente a germinação das sementes e o desenvolvimento das plântulas de C. oblongifolia. As espécies Curvularia intermedia, Neofusicoccum parvum, Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum e Phomopsis sp. afetaram negativamente a germinação das sementes de C. oblongifolia. Dentre estas espécies devemos destacar que N. parvum reduziu a germinação e a sobrevivência das plântulas em 89 e 222%, respectivamente. Além disso, Cochiliobolus intermedius afetou negativamente o desenvolvimento das plântulas. Assim, o uso combinado de N. parvum e C. intermedius, ou de produtos do metabolismo destas espécies de fungos, têm potencial para serem usados no manejo de plantas invasoras.

Abstract Interactions between endophytic fungi (EFs) and their host plants range from positive to neutral to negative. The results of such interactions can vary depending on the organ of the infected host plant. EFs isolated from the leaves of some species of plants have potential for use as agents to inhibit seed germination and control invasive plants. The objectives of this study were to identify EFs present in the leaves of Copaifera oblongifolia and to evaluate the role of these fungi in seed germination and seedling development. A total of 11 species of EFs were isolated, which were identified using the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequence of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. The isolated species of EFs are generalists and probably are transmitted horizontally. Laboratory tests revealed that filtrates of these fungal isolates differently affect seed germination and seedling development of C. oblongifolia. The species Curvularia intermedia, Neofusicoccum parvum, Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum and Phomopsis sp. negatively affected seed germination, with N. parvum standing out for its negative effects, inhibiting seedling germination and survival in 89 and 222%, respectively. In addition, Cochliobolus intermedius negatively affected seedling development. Thus, the combined use of N. parvum and C. intermedius, or products from the metabolism of these microorganisms, in the control of invasive plants deserves attention from future studies.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.242070 422 downloads

Thermal requirements of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) lines in Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) eggs
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Coutinho, Cristiane Ramos

; Souza, Suyanne Araújo De

; Pontes, Antônia Débora Dos Santos

; Godoy, Mauricio Sekiguchi De

; Pereira, Fabricio Fagundes

; Pastori, Patrik Luiz

Revista Colombiana de Entomología

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jun 2021, Volume 47 N. 1 elocation e8548

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto de la temperatura en el desarrollo de dos líneas de Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), para determinar los requisitos térmicos de este parasitoide en huevos de Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). El experimento se llevó a cabo con dos líneas (“Ubajara” y “Guaraciaba”, Ceará) de T. pretiosum a partir de huevos parasitarios de N. elegantalis en frutos de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum). En este experimento, se usaron 40 huevos del huésped N. elegantalis y 4 hembras de los parasitoides, con exposición al parasitismo durante 24 horas (a 25 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 10 % de HR y fotofase de 12 h). Al final de este período, se retiraron las hembras y los tubos se transfirieron a incubadoras (HR = 70 ± 10 % y fotofase de 12 h, a 15, 20, 25, 30 o 35 °C, hasta la aparición de la generación siguiente de parasitoides. Los parámetros evaluados fueron el porcentaje de emergencia, la proporción de sexos, el número de parasitoides que surgieron por huevo y la duración del ciclo. Los experimentos se establecieron en un diseño experimental completamente al azar con cinco tratamientos (temperaturas) y 12 repeticiones. Se realizó ANOVA y se compararon las medias mediante la prueba de Tukey (P < 0.05). La temperatura base fue de 10,77 y 10,86 °C y el número de generaciones por año fue de 33,29 y 35,63 para “Ubajara” y “Guaraciaba”, respectivamente. La temperatura cambió los parámetros biológicos, y la duración del ciclo de las líneas “Ubajara” y “Guaraciaba” disminuyó a medida que aumentaba la temperatura.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the impact of temperature on the development of two lines of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), to determine the thermal requirements of this parasitoid wasp on Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) eggs. The experiment was carried out with two lines (“Ubajara” and “Guaraciaba”, Ceará State) of T. pretiosum collected naturally parasitizing eggs of N. elegantalis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits. In this experiment, 40 eggs of the host N. elegantalis and 4 females of the parasitoids were used, with exposure to parasitism for 24 hours at 25 ± 1 °C, relative humidity of 70 ± 10 %, and 12-h photophase. At the end of this period, females were removed and the tubes were transferred to incubators (RH = 70 ± 10 %; 12-h photophase), exposed to 15, 20, 25, 30, or 35 °C, until emergence of the following generation of the parasitoids. The percentage of emergence, sex ratio, the number of parasitoids that emerged per egg, and cycle duration were assessed. The experiments were set up in a completely randomized experimental design with 5 treatments (temperatures) and 12 replicates. ANOVA was conducted and the means were compared by Tukey test (P < 0.05). The base temperatures were 10.77 °C and 10.86 °C and the number of generations per year were 33.29 and 35.63 for “Ubajara” and “Guaraciaba”, respectively. The study showed that temperature changed the biological parameters, and cycle duration of the “Ubajara” and “Guaraciaba” lines decreased as temperature increased.

https://doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v47i1.8548 45 downloads

Histological evolution of fibrosis in patients with biliary atresia
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Ferreira, Alexandre R.

; Queiroz, Thaís C. N.

; Vidigal, Paula V. T.

; Ferreira, Raquel P.

; Wanderley, David C.

; Fagundes, Eleonora D. T.

Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial

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oct 2019, Volume 55 N. 5 Pages 458 - 473

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a evolução dos achados histológicos de pacientes com atresia biliar (AB), enfatizando a progressão da fibrose e comparando a biópsia hepática diagnóstica (BHD) com a biópsia hepática cirúrgica (BHC), realizada durante a portoenterostomia de Kasai. Método: Estudo retrospectivo com 51 pacientes portadores de AB submetidos a portoenterostomia, BHD e BHC. Resultados: A idade mediana para BHD e BHC foi de 69 e 77 dias de idade, respectivamente. O tempo mediano entre as biópsias foi de oito dias. A cirrose foi mais frequente na BHC do que na BHD, tanto de acordo com o escore de Metavir (p = 0,006) quanto com o escore de Ishak (p = 0,016). O escore de Metavir aumentou um ou mais pontos em 29/51 (56,9%) pacientes, com evidências de progressão para cirrose hepática em 11/29 (37,9%), naqueles com progressão da fibrose. A idade mediana para cirurgia dos que tiveram progressão da fibrose foi de 77 dias; nos 11 que evoluíram para cirrose, essa mediana foi de 92 dias. A variável clínica da idade no momento da cirurgia apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação à presença ou à ausência de cirrose (p = 0,024). A cirrose não foi associada à sobrevida com fígado nativo ou drenagem biliar. Conclusão: A maioria das crianças com AB tem fibrose hepática no momento do diagnóstico, e a doença progride rapidamente. A presença de cirrose está correlacionada com a idade à cirurgia, o que sugere a importância dessa variável clínica na evolução da fibrose.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the evolution of histological findings of patients with biliary atresia (BA), emphasizing the progression of fibrosis by comparing the diagnostic liver biopsy to the surgical liver biopsy, performed during Kasai portoenterostomy. Methods: Retrospective study with 51 patients with BA submitted to portoenterostomy, and both diagnostic (DLB) and surgical liver biopsies (SLB). The samples were blindly reviewed by two pathologists. Results: Median age at DLB and at SLB was 69 and 77 days, respectively. The median time between biopsies was eight days. Cirrhosis was more frequent in SLB than in DLB, both according to the Metavir score (p = 0.006) and the Ishak score (p = 0.016). The Metavir score increased one or more points in 29/51 (56.9%), with evidence of progression to liver cirrhosis in 11/29 (37.9%) of those who had progression of fibrosis. Median age at surgery of those who had a progression of fibrosis was 77 days, while in those 11 who progressed to cirrhosis, this median was 92 days. Cirrhosis was seen in 12/51 (23.5%) SLB patients. The clinical variable age at surgery had a statistically significant difference regarding the presence or absence of cirrhosis in SLB (p = 0.024). Cirrhosis was not related to survival with native liver or biliary drainage. Conclusion: Most infants with BA have liver fibrosis at diagnosis and it progresses rapidly. The presence of cirrhosis is correlated with the age at surgery, which suggests the importance of this clinical variable in the evolution of fibrosis.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la evolución de los hallazgos histológicos de pacientes con atresia de vías biliares (AVB), resaltando la progresión de la fibrosis y comparando la biopsia hepática diagnóstica (BHD) con la biopsia hepática quirúrgica (BHQ) mediante la hepatoportoenterostomía de Kasai. Método: Estudio retrospectivo con 51 pacientes con AB sometidos a hepatoportoenterostomía, BHD y BHQ. Resultados: La edad mediana para BHD y BHQ fue 69 días y 77 días, respectivamente. El tiempo mediano entre las biopsias fue ocho días. La cirrosis fue más frecuente en la BHQ de lo que en la BHD, tanto de acuerdo con el escore de Metavir (p = 0,006) como con el escore de Ishak (p = 0,016). El escore de Metavir aumentó un punto o más en 29/51 (59,9%) pacientes, con evidencias de progresión hacia cirrosis hepática en 11/29 (37,9%), en los pacientes con progresión de la fibrosis. La edad mediana para cirugía de los que tuvieron progresión de la fibrosis fue 77 días; en los 11 que evolucionaron hacia cirrosis, esa mediana fue 92 días. La variable clínica de edad en el momento de la cirugía presentó diferencia estadísticamente significante con respecto a la presencia o ausencia de cirrosis (p = 0,024). La cirrosis no fue asociada a la sobrevida con hígado nativo o drenaje biliar. Conclusión: La mayor parte de los niños con AVB tiene fibrosis hepática en el momento del diagnóstico, y la enfermedad avanza rápidamente. La presencia de cirrosis está relacionada con la edad al momento de la cirugía, lo que sugiere la importancia de esa variable clínica en la evolución de la fibrosis.

https://doi.org/10.5935/1676-2444.20190042 1138 downloads

Autoimmune hepatitis in 828 Brazilian children and adolescents: clinical and laboratory findings, histological profile, treatments, and outcomes
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Porta, Gilda

; Carvalho, Elisa de

; Santos, Jorge L.

; Gama, Jorge

; Borges, Cristian V.

; Seixas, Renata B.P.M.

; Ferreira, Alexandre R.

; Miura, Irene K.

; Silveira, Themis R.

; Silva, Luciana R.

; Fagundes, Eleonora D.T.

; Bellomo-Brandao, Maria A.

; Sawamura, Regina

; Vieira, Sandra M.

; Melere, Melina U.

; Marques, Cibele D.F.

; Pugliese, Renata P.

; Danesi, Vera L.

; Porta, Adriana

; Marsillac, Marise E.

; Valladares, Marcia A.

; Menezes, Daniela G.

; Kieling, Carlos

; Paula, Mariana N. de

; Vasconcelos, Juliana R.

; Ferreira, Cristina T.

; Perin, Nilza

; Resende, Leonardo R.

; Maia, Jussara

; Tommaso, Adriana M.A. De

; Hessel, Gabriel

Jornal de Pediatria

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aug 2019, Volume 95 N. 4 Pages 419 - 427

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivo: Este estudo com acompanhamento de longo prazo visou a avaliar o quadro clínico, os achados laboratoriais, o perfil histológico, os tratamentos e os resultados de crianças e adolescentes com hepatite autoimune. Métodos: Foram analisados os prontuários médicos de 828 crianças e adolescentes com HAI. Foi usado um questionário para coletar os dados anônimos sobre o quadro clínico, os achados bioquímicos e histológicos e os tratamentos. Resultados: De todos os pacientes, 89,6% tinham hepatite autoimune-1 e 10,4% hepatite autoimune-2. O sexo feminino foi predominante nos dois grupos. A idade média no início dos sintomas foi 111,5 (6; 210) e 53,5 (8; 165) meses nos pacientes com hepatite autoimune-1 e hepatite autoimune-2, respectivamente. Foi observado início clínico agudo em 56,1% e 58,8% e sintomas insidiosos em 43,9% e 41,2% dos pacientes com hepatite autoimune-1 e hepatite autoimune-2, respectivamente. A probabilidade de insuficiência hepática foi 1,6 vezes maior para hepatite autoimune-2; 3,6% e 10,6% dos pacientes com hepatite autoimune-1 e hepatite autoimune-2, respectivamente, apresentaram insuficiência hepática fulminante; o risco foi 3,1 vezes maior para hepatite autoimune-2. Os níveis de gamaglobulina e imunoglobulina G foram significativamente maiores nos pacientes com hepatite autoimune-1, ao passo que os níveis de imunoglobulina A e C3 foram menores em pacientes com hepatite autoimune-2; 22,4% dos pacientes apresentaram cirrose e a remissão bioquímica foi atingida em 76,2%. A taxa de sobrevida atuarial foi de 93,0%. Um total de 4,6% pacientes foram submetidos a transplante de fígado e 6,9% morreram (hepatite autoimune-1: 7,5%; hepatite autoimune-2: 2,4%). Conclusões: Nesta grande série clínica de crianças e adolescentes brasileiros, a hepatite autoimune-1 foi mais frequente e os pacientes com hepatite autoimune-2 mostraram maiores taxas de remissão da doença com respostas mais rápidas aos tratamentos. Os pacientes com hepatite autoimune-1 apresentaram maior risco de óbito.

Abstract Objective: This large study with a long-term follow-up aimed to evaluate the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, histological profile, treatments, and outcomes of children and adolescents with autoimmune hepatitis. Methods: The medical records of 828 children and adolescents with autoimmune hepatitis were reviewed. A questionnaire was used to collect anonymous data on clinical presentation, biochemical and histological findings, and treatments. Results: Of all patients, 89.6% had autoimmune hepatitis-1 and 10.4% had autoimmune hepatitis-2. The female sex was predominant in both groups. The median age at symptom onset was 111.5 (6; 210) and 53.5 (8; 165) months in the patients with autoimmune hepatitis 1 and autoimmune hepatitis-2, respectively. Acute clinical onset was observed in 56.1% and 58.8% and insidious symptoms in 43.9% and 41.2% of the patients with autoimmune hepatitis-1 and autoimmune hepatitis-2, respectively. The risk of hepatic failure was 1.6-fold higher for autoimmune hepatitis-2. Fulminant hepatic failure occurred in 3.6% and 10.6% of the patients with autoimmune hepatitis-1 and autoimmune hepatitis-2, respectively; the risk was 3.1-fold higher for autoimmune hepatitis-2. The gamma globulin and immunoglobulin G levels were significantly higher in autoimmune hepatitis-1, while the immunoglobulin A and C3 levels were lower in autoimmune hepatitis-2. Cirrhosis was observed in 22.4% of the patients; biochemical remission was achieved in 76.2%. The actuarial survival rate was 93.0%. A total of 4.6% underwent liver transplantation, and 6.9% died (autoimmune hepatitis-1: 7.5%; autoimmune hepatitis-2: 2.4%). Conclusions: In this large clinical series of Brazilian children and adolescents, autoimmune hepatitis-1 was more frequent, and patients with autoimmune hepatitis-2 exhibited higher disease remission rates with earlier response to treatment. Patients with autoimmune hepatitis-1 had a higher risk of death.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2018.04.007 1614 downloads

Diversity of mites in blackberry genotypes in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Trinidad, Claudia Teresita Olmedo

; Fagundes, João Pedro

; Zorzo, Bruno

; Nava, Dori Edson

; Cunha, Uemerson Silva da

Ciência Rural

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2019, Volume 49 N. 2 elocation e20170734

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: A amoreira-preta faz parte do grupo das pequenas frutas e sua área de cultivo está em plena expansão, sendo uma opção importante para os pequenos agricultores que usam o sistema de produção agroecológico. Os ácaros destacam-se dentre as principais pragas da cultura em nível mundial, pois eles podem comprometer desde o crescimento das plantas até sua frutificação. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar a ocorrência de ácaros fitófagos e predadores em diferentes genótipos de amoreira preta no município de Pelotas, RS, Brasil. Este estudo foi realizado no período novembro de 2015 a outubro de 2016, totalizando 14 amostragens. Um total de 11.158 ácaros coletou-se (5.940 ácaros fitófagos, 323 ácaros predadores, e 4.895 ácaros de alimentação variada), que estavam distribuídos em oito famílias. As espécies Neotetranychus asper (Feres & Flechtmann, 2000), Diptacus rubuscolum (Trinidad, Duarte & Navia, 2018), e Acalitus orthomerus (Keifer, 1951) tiveram maior ocorrência. De acordo com a classificação faunística, a espécie fitófaga N. asper é predominante nos genótipos 128 e 178, enquanto a espécie D. rubuscolum é predominante no genótipo 132. Monitorar esses genótipos é recomendado para detectar possíveis danos à cultura.

ABSTRACT: Blackberry is part of the small-fruit group and the blackberry cultivation area is expanding as an important option for small farmers using the agroecological production system. Mites are prominent among the world’s major crop pests, as they can affect plants from growth to fruiting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of phytophagous and predatory mites in different blackberry genotypes in the municipality of Pelotas, RS, Brazil. This study was carried out in the period Nov. 2015 - Oct. 2016, totaling 14 samples. A total of 11,158 mites were collected [phytophagous (5940) and predatory (323) mites, and those with varied feeding habits (4895)], which were distributed in 8 families. The species Neotetranychus asper (Feres & Flechtmann, 2000), Diptacus rubuscolum (Trinidad, Duarte & Navia, 2018), and Acalitus orthomerus (Keifer, 1951) had highest occurrence. According to the faunistic classification, the N. asper phytophagous species is predominant in genotypes 128 and 178; whereas, D. rubuscolum is predominant in genotype 132. Monitoring of these genotypes is recommended to detect possible damage to the crop.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20170734 826 downloads

Leishmanicidal compounds of Nectria pseudotrichia, an endophytic fungus isolated from the plant Caesalpinia echinata (Brazilwood)
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Cota, Betania Barros

; Tunes, Luiza Guimarães

; Maia, Daniela Nabak Bueno

; Ramos, Jonas Pereira

; Oliveira, Djalma Menezes de

; Kohlhoff, Markus

; Alves, Tânia Maria de Almeida

; Souza-Fagundes, Elaine Maria

; Campos, Fernanda Fraga

; Zani, Carlos Leomar

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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feb 2018, Volume 113 N. 2 Pages 102 - 110

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND In a screen of extracts from plants and fungi to detect antileishmanial activity, we found that the ethyl acetate extract of the fungus Nectria pseudotrichia, isolated from the tree Caesalpinia echinata (Brazilwood), is a promising source of bioactive compounds. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to isolate and determine the chemical structures of the compounds responsible for the antileishmanial activity of the organic extract from N. pseudotrichia. METHODS Compounds were isolated by chromatographic fractionation using semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, and their chemical structures were determined by analytical and spectral data and by comparison with published data. The antileishmanial activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated in intracellular amastigote forms of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis expressing firefly luciferase as reporter gene, and cytotoxicity was determined in Vero and THP-1 mammalian cell lines by MTT assay. FINDINGS Fractionation of the extract yielded seven compounds: 10-acetyl trichoderonic acid A (1), 6′-acetoxy-piliformic acid (2), 5′,6′-dehydropiliformic acid (3), piliformic acid (4), hydroheptelidic acid (5), xylaric acid D (6), and cytochalasin D (7). Compounds 1, 2 and 3 are reported here for the first time. Compounds 1, 2, and 5 were more active, with IC50 values of 21.4, 28.3, and 24.8 µM, respectively, and showed low toxicity to Vero and THP-1 cells. MAIN CONCLUSIONS N. pseudotrichia produces secondary metabolites that are more toxic to intracellular amastigote forms of L. (V.) braziliensis than to mammalian cells.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760170217 1558 downloads

Tropical forages: morphoanatomy of plants grown in areas with the death of pasture syndrome
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Ribeiro-Júnior, N. G.

; Fagundes, O. S.

; Benevenuti, A. S.

; Yamashita, O. M.

; Rossi, A. A. B.

; Carvalho, M. A. C.

; Silva, I. V.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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nov 2017, Volume 77 N. 4 Pages 868 - 875

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Foram analisadas raízes e folhas de Panicum maximum Tanzânia, Mombaça e Massai; Urochloa brizantha Piatã, Marandu e Xaraés; Urochloa humidicola Llanero; Urochloa ruziziensis Ruzizienses; Urochloa hybrida Mulato II e Cynodon nlemfuensis Estrela-roxa, procurando identificar caracteres relacionados à melhor adaptação ao ambiente e à qualidade nutritiva das forrageiras. As dez cultivares foram semeadas em blocos inteiramente casualizados com três repetições. Após estabelecidas foi coletado material vegetativo, do qual lâminas histológicas foram confeccionadas a partir de secções do terço médio de raízes e folhas. Foram observadas diferenças significativas (p>0,05) nas raízes: maior volume de células epidérmicas (28,62 µm) e diâmetro total (1926,41 µm) de Llanero; em Estrela-roxa maior espessura do cilindro vascular (975,09 µm) e número maior de protoxilemas (42,25) e formação de aerênquimas nas cultivares Piatã, Mulato II, Xaraés, Massai, Llanero, e Estrela-roxa; Nas folhas, foram constatadas maiores proporções de células buliformes (121,07 µm) e mesofilo foliar mais espesso (263,63 µm) em Llanero; em Xaraés e Marandu maiores proporções de fibras esclerenquimáticas; em Massai menores resultados para quantidade de fibras. Conclui-se que as cultivares Estrela-roxa, Llanero e Massai apresentam maior adaptabilidade ao ambiente e melhor qualidade nutritiva.

Abstract Roots and leaves of Panicum maximum Tanzânia, Mombaça and Massai; Urochloa brizantha Piatã, Marandu and Xaraés; Urochloa humidicola Llanero; Urochloa ruziziensis Ruzizienses; Urochloa hybrida Mulato II and Cynodon nlemfuensis Estrela-roxa were analyzed, seeking to identify characters for better adaptation to the environment that may interfere with digestibility of tissue from the point of view of the rumen in cattle. Were planted ten cultivars in a completely randomized blocks with three repetitions. Was collected vegetative material, which histological slides were prepared from middle third of the sections of roots and leaves. Were observed differences (p>0.05) in the roots: higher volume of epidermal cells (28.62 µm) and overall diameter (1926.41 µm) of Llanero; thicker vascular cylinder (975.09 µm) and more protoxylem (42.25) in Estrela-roxa and occurrence of aerenchyma in cultivars Piatã, Mulato II, Xaraés, Massai, Llanero and Estrela-roxa; Were found higher proportions of bulliform cells in the leaves (121.07 µm) and thicker leaf mesophyll in U. humidicola Llanero (263.63 µm); higher proportion of sclerenchyma fibers in Xaraés and Marandu; lower results for amount of fibers in P. maximum Massai. We conclude that the cultivars Estrela-roxa, Llanero and Massai have greater adaptability to the environment and better nutritional quality.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.05116 1298 downloads

The use of Proteinase K to access genitalia morphology, vouchering and DNA extraction in minute wasps
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MARTINELLI, ARTURO B.

; WAICHERT, CECILIA

; BARBOSA, DIEGO N.

; FAGUNDES, VALÉRIA

; AZEVEDO, CELSO O.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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sep 2017, Volume 89 N. 3 Pages 1629 - 1633

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Genitalia are rich source of characters in insect taxonomy. Usually, they are examined after dissection and cleaning with potassium hydroxide (KOH), procedure that may damage both genital morphological structures and intracellular molecular contents. Enzymatic procedure with Proteinase K has been used to clean muscle off the genitalia while extract DNA, but its damage to the genital structures has not been evaluated. Herein, we qualitatively compare the use of KOH and Proteinase K to prepare genital structures in minute insects (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae). We show that Proteinase K is better to preserve the genital structure and provides quality DNA.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160825 1231 downloads

Cisto aracnoide medular em um cão: relato de caso
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Zang, L.

; Oliveira, M.P.

; Tagliari, N.J.

; Fagundes, N.

; Ferreira, M.P.

; Alievi, M.M.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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jun 2017, Volume 69 N. 3 Pages 613 - 617

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O cisto aracnoide medular (CAM) é uma doença que pode ocorrer em humanos e animais, podendo causar sinais clínicos neurológicos. A origem dessa enfermidade ainda é desconhecida assim como sua patofisiologia. Acredita-se que pode ser congênita ou adquirida. Até o momento, não foi verificada predileção por raça, sexo ou idade. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de CAM lombar em um cão com 13 anos de idade, que causou paralisia dos membros pélvicos. Ao exame clínico, o paciente apresentava dor lombar na palpação epaxial, incontinência urinária e fecal, com paraplegia de membros pélvicos. A sintomatologia progrediu durante oito meses, com histórico de trauma. Na mielografia, foi identificado um CAM na região lombar (L1-L2) lateralizado para a esquerda. O tratamento instituído foi a laminectomia e a durectomia. A paciente apresentou melhora dos sinais clínicos após 11 dias da realização da cirurgia. O tratamento cirúrgico obteve bons resultados para essa enfermidade. O CAM pode ocorrer em cães geriátricos ou com paraplegia de membros, assim deve ser incluído na lista de diagnóstico diferencial das mielopatias lombares compressivas.

ABSTRACT Medullary arachnoid cyst (MAC) is a disease that occurs in humans and animals, and may cause neurological clinical signs. The origin of this disease, as well as its pathophysiology, are still unknown. It is believed that it can be congenital or acquired. No predilection for race, sex, or age has been verified. The aim of this paper is to report a lumbar MAC case in a dog at 13 years of age that caused paralysis of the pelvic limbs. At the clinical examination the patient had back pain on the lumbar region, urinary and fecal incontinence, and paraplegia on the pelvic members. The symptoms were progressing for eight months with history of trauma. In myelography a MAC in the lumbar region (L1- L2) lateralized to left was identified. For treatment laminectomy and durectomy were established. The patient showed improvement of clinical signs eleven days after surgery. The surgical treatment achieved good results for this type of disease. MAC can occur in geriatric or member paraplegia dogs, so it must be included in the differential diagnosis list of the lumbar compressive myelopathy.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-8591 4024 downloads

10.

Agronomical indicators and incidence of insect borers of tomato fruits protected with non-woven fabric bags
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Filgueiras, Rosenya Michely Cintra

; Pastori, Patrik Luiz

; Pereira, Fabrício Fagundes

; Coutinho, Cristiane Ramos

; Kassab, Samir Oliveira

; Bezerra, Laura Carla Marinho

Ciência Rural

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2017, Volume 47 N. 6 elocation e20160278

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: O ensacamento de frutos é uma eficiente técnica de controle mecânico utilizado na fruticultura. No entanto, existem poucos estudos sobre sua eficiência em hortaliças como, por exemplo, o tomate. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência do ensacamento das flores e/ou frutos de tomate com sacos TNT para o controle de Helicoverpa spp., Neoleucinodes elegantalis e Tuta absoluta, avaliar o efeito dessa técnica sobre a produtividade obtida ao final do ciclo e determinar a melhor época para realização do ensacamento. O ensaio foi realizado em plantio comercial de tomateiro ‘Valerin’ estaqueado, localizado no município de Ubajara, CE. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2x4 (plantas pulverizadas versus não pulverizadas sendo que ambas receberam ensacamento com TNT em diferentes estágios fenológicos [ensacamento da flor, ensacamento do cacho com frutos de 1,5cm, ensacamento do cacho com frutos de 3,0cm, cachos não ensacados (Testemunha)], com cinco repetições. Avaliou-se: número de frutos/cacho, número de cachos/planta, peso/fruto, diâmetro longitudinal e transversal, porcentagem de frutos brocados, produtividade, perda provocada pelo ataque de pragas e ganho real obtido. O ensacamento dos cachos de tomate ‘Valerin’ com TNT foi eficaz para o controle de N. elegantalis e, quando o ensacamento foi realizado em cachos com frutos de 1,5cm de diâmetro, proporcionou incremento de 21,5% de produtividade em relação àqueles não ensacados sendo, portanto, o período mais indicado para o ensacamento.

ABSTRACT: Fruit bagging is an efficient mechanical control technique used in fruit growing. However, to date, few studies have evaluated the efficacy of bagging in the cultivation of vegetables, including tomato crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of bagging of tomato flowers and/or fruits using a non-woven fabric (NWF) for the control of Helicoverpa spp., Neoleucinodes elegantalis, and Tuta absoluta, to evaluate the effect of this technique on the final yield, and determine the optimal period for bagging. Tests were conducted in a commercial crop of staked ‘Valerin’ tomato plants located in the municipality of Ubajara, Ceará State, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with a 2x4 factorial design (sprayed versus unsprayed plants, and both plant groups were bagged with NWF bags at different growth stages [flowers bagging, bagging of bunches of fruits with a diameter of 1.5cm, bagging of bunches of fruits with a diameter of 3.0cm, and unbagged bunches (control)], with five repetitions. We evaluated the number of fruits per bunch, number of bunches per plant, weight of each fruit, longitudinal and transverse diameter, percentage of bored fruits, yield loss caused by insect infestation, and final yield. Bagging of ‘Valerin’ tomato bunches with NWF bags was effective for the control of N. elegantalis, and productivity increased by 21.5% when bagging was done in bunches of fruits with a diameter of 1.5cm compared with unbagged fruits; therefore, this growth period was the most suitable for bagging.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20160278 1864 downloads

11.

Anatomical and histological characteristics of teeth in agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha Wagler, 1831)
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Silva, Daiane C. Baia da

; Fagundes, Nathália C.F.

; Teixeira, Francisco B.

; Penha, Nelson E.A. da

; Santana, Luana N. da Silva

; Mendes-Oliveira, Ana Cristina

; Lima, Rafael Rodrigues

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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dec 2013, Volume 33 Suppl. 1 Pages 51 - 57

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A cutia espécie Dasyprocta prymnolopha (D. prymnolopha) é um roedor de tamanho médio, diurno e característico do Nordeste do Brasil, sul da Amazônia. Vários estudos têm sido feitos sobre estes roedores. No entanto, há uma carência de estudos do sistema estomatognático, em particular, a morfologia dos dentes. Assim, esta pesquisa procura descrever aspectos anatômicos e histológicos dos dentes cutia. Para isto, nós utilizamos cutias adultas, em que as mensurações e as descrições dos dentes e dos tecidos dentais foram feitas. Observou-se que a arcada dentária de D. prymnolopha é composta por vinte dentes, distribuídas uniformemente no arco superior e inferior, sendo os dentes inferiores, maiores do que os seus correspondentes superiores. Os incisivos são maiores, e entre os pré-molares e molares posteriores, existe um aumento gradual no comprimento do arco anterior-posterior. No exame microscópico, uma forma prismática foi observada o que consiste de prismas de esmalte dispostos em diferentes direções, atrás do esmalte e dentina com túbulos dentinários com padrão tubular de diâmetro variável e distantes entre si, mostrando também um caminho sinuoso a partir da parte interna da junção com o esmalte mais superficial. A análise morfológica dos tecidos dentários mostrou um esmalte com a organização estrutural adaptada para o ato de mastigar e dentina de alto impacto compatível com a função do padrão tubular de resiliência e amortecimento mecânico de forças mastigatórias, como encontrado em animais maiores, confirmando o entendimento de hábitos alimentares que definem muito das suas funções ecológicas dentro do ecossistema em que vivem.

The agouti species Dasyprocta prymnolopha (D. prymnolopha) is a medium-sized rodent, diurnal, and characteristic of northeastern Brazil, south of the Amazon. Several studies have been made on these rodents. However, there is a lack of analysis of masticatory system, in particular morphology of the teeth. Thus, this research seeks to describe anatomical and histological aspects of the agouti teeth. For this purpose, we used adult agouti, in which measurements and descriptions of teeth and dental tissues were made. It was observed that the dental arch of D. prymnolopha comprises of twenty teeth, evenly distributed in the upper and lower arch, being inferior teeth larger than their corresponding higher. The incisors are larger, and between the posterior premolars and molars, there is a gradual increase in length in the anterior-posterior arch. In microscopic examination, a prismatic appearance was observed consisting of enamel prisms arranged in different directions, behind the enamel and dentin with standard tubular dentinal tubules with variable diameter and far between, also showing a sinuous path from the inner portion to the junction with more superficial enamel. Morphological analysis of dental tissues showed that an enamel with structural organization adapted to the act of chewing and high impact dentin compatible with standard tubular function resilience and mechanical damping of masticatory forces, as found in larger animals, confirming the understanding of eating habits that define much of its ecological functions within the ecosystem they inhabit.

23062 downloads

12.

The crude latex of Euphorbia tirucalli modulates the cytokine response of leukocytes, especially CD4+ T lymphocytes
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Avelar, Bethânia A.

; Lélis, Felipe J. N.

; Avelar, Renato S.

; Weber, Mathias

; Souza-Fagundes, Elaine M.

; Lopes, Miriam T. P.

; Martins-Filho, Olindo A.

; Brito-Melo, Gustavo E. A.

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

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aug 2011, Volume 21 N. 4 Pages 662 - 667

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The plants of the Euphorbiaceae family, especially those of the genus Euphorbia, are frequently used by Brazilian folk communities to treat a wide variety of infectious, tumoral and inflammatory illnesses. Among the species of this genus, Euphorbia tirucalli L. is widely used in some Brazilian regions, such as the Jequitinhonha River Valley. There is evidence that the latex produced by E. tirucalli has antiviral and antitumor activities, but little is known about the mechanisms involved in these effects. It is likely that the mechanism for such activities involves leukocyte activation and cytokine production. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the production of type 1 (TNF-α and IFN-γ) and type 2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines by circulating leukocyte subsets submitted to brief stimulation with the crude latex of E. tirucalli. Peripheral blood leukocytes of twenty healthy subjects were submitted to 4 h incubation with crude E. tirucalli latex diluted in dimethylsulfoxide. After the incubation period, the cells were stained with FITC-conjugated monoclonal antibodies specific to the cell surface receptors CD4, CD8 and CD14, and to PE-conjugated monoclonal antibodies specific to the cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10. The acquisition and analysis of data were performed by flow cytometry. The results showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the percentage of CD4+ T lymphocytes positive for the type 1 cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ. Neutrophils and CD8+ T lymphocytes showed a mixed profile of cytokine production, characterized by an increase in the percentage of cells expressing IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10. The data indicate a predominant type 1 cytokine response. The findings presented suggest that the effect popularly attributed to E. tirucalli usage may be attributed to its effect on the production of TNF-α and IFN-γ. However, the relationship between the in vitro and in vivo effects of E. tirucalli needs to be investigated.

5624 downloads

13.

Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em escolares da região de Parelheiros do município de São Paulo
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Fagundes, Anna Luiza N.

; Ribeiro, Denise Carpigiani

; Naspitz, Laura

; Garbelini, Luciana Elisa B.

; Vieira, Júlia Ketter P.

; Silva, Adriana Paulino da

; Lima, Vitor de Oliveira

; Fagundes, Djalma José

; Compri, Patrícia Colombo

; Juliano, Yára

Revista Paulista de Pediatria

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sep 2008, Volume 26 N. 3 Pages 212 - 217

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

OBJETIVO: Verificar, em uma amostra de escolares de uma região de baixo nível socioeconômico, a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com uma amostra de 218 crianças selecionadas de modo aleatório, a partir de um universo estimado de 1.500 crianças e adolescentes, com idade entre seis e 14 anos, provenientes de três escolas de ensino fundamental de Parelheiros, São Paulo, sem distinção de sexo ou etnia. Foram excluídas aquelas portadoras de qualquer doença metabólica ou endócrina diagnosticada ou em tratamento. Os indivíduos foram submetidos à avaliação antropométrica, com medida do peso corporal e altura para cálculo do índice de massa corpórea e relação peso/altura. Todas as crianças responderam a um questionário aplicado pelos pesquisadores sobre hábitos alimentares. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de obesos e de portadores de sobrepeso foi respectivamente 14,7 e 16,5%. Entre os alunos obesos e com sobrepeso, o baixo consumo de frutas (10,8 e 10,8%), de verduras e legumes (16,4 e 9,1%) e o alto consumo de doces (72,2 e 78,1%) foram associados ao excesso de peso. A prática esportiva esteve ausente ou escassa nos obesos (81,3%) e portadores de sobrepeso (77,8%). CONCLUSÕES: Os alunos avaliados, embora provenientes de uma região pobre de São Paulo, apresentaram um perfil de transição nutricional, com altas taxas de obesidade e sobrepeso.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school children from low socioeconomical status. METHODS: This cross sectional study randomly enrolled 218 eighteen students out of 1.500 students with six to 14 years old from three schools located in Parelheiros, São Paulo, Brazil. Children with a diagnosis and or treatment of metabolic or endocrine diseases were excluded. The studied children had an anthropometric evaluation of weight and height, and body mass index was calculated. All children answered a questionnaire about daily food consumption and physical activity. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity and overweight were respectively 14.7 and 16.5%. Among these students, the low consumption of fruits (10.8 and 10.8%), vegetables (16.3 and 9.1%) and the high consumption of candies (72.2 and 78.1%) were associated with weight excess. Poor physical activities was common among obese (81.3%) and overweight (77.8%) students. CONCLUSIONS: The evaluated students, despite living in a poor region of São Paulo, showed a profile of nutritional transition, with high obesity and overweight rates.

24313 downloads

14.

Effects of repeated extracorporeal shock wave on kidney apoptosis of normal and diabetic rat
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Kira, Vicente M.

; Fagundes, Djalma J.

; Bandeira, Cesar O. P.

; Kaufman, Oskar

; Fagundes, Anna T. N.

; Ortiz, Valdemar

International braz j urol

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feb 2008, Volume 34 N. 1 Pages 91 - 96

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of repeated extracorporeal shock waves (ESW) on the apoptosis of renal parenchyma in normal and diabetic rats by the caspase-3 expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 80 rats were assigned for ESW (Direx Tripter X1® - 14 KVA) to one of three groups with 50% rats with diabetes (A) and 50% normal (B) in each: G1 (n = 40): no ESW; G2 (n = 20): one ESW; G3 (n = 20): two ESWin an interval of 14 days. The animals were sacrificed 3 days after the ESW and samples of the renal parenchyma were histologically prepared, stained by the caspase-3 cleavage immunohistochemical method, and the apoptotic index (ApIn) was calculated by computer program Image Pro-Plus V 4,5,1 Media Cybernetics® ( ApIn = number of apoptotic cells in the microscopic section / total cells in the microscopic section). RESULTS: There was no statistical difference in ApIn of normal rats with one ESW (8.4 + 0.2) or two ESW (9.1 + 0.3) and both were similar to the control group with no ESW (7.9 + 0.2). The ApIn of diabetic rats with one ESW (7.4 + 0.3) was similar to the normal rats with one or two ESW. On the other hand, the ApIn was statistically higher in diabetic rats with two ESW (11.9 + 0.4) than in diabetic rats with one ESW (7.4 + 0.3). CONCLUSIONS: The ApIn of normal rats with a single (2,000 SW) or repeated ESW (4,000 SW) was similar to the control animals without any ESW. In diabetic rats, the repeated ESW (4,000 SW) may result in an additional risk of tissue damage expressed by the higher ApIn.

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15.

Condições de nutrição em crianças Kamaiurá: povo indígena do Alto Xingu, Brasil Central
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Mondini, Lenise

; Canó, Eduardo N.

; Fagundes, Ulysses

; Lima, Evandro E. Souza

; Rodrigues, Douglas

; Baruzzi, Roberto G.

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

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mar 2007, Volume 10 N. 1 Pages 39 - 47

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o estado nutricional, incluindo a prevalência de anemia, de crianças Kamaiurá, povo indígena do Alto Xingu, Brasil Central. Foram estudadas 112 crianças menores de dez anos de idade em 2000/2001. O perfil do crescimento infantil foi descrito segundo a distribuição dos índices altura/idade e peso/altura expressos em escore-z da população de referência do National Center of Health Statistics - NCHS. Os diagnósticos de déficit de altura e da relação peso/altura e o diagnóstico de obesidade corresponderam, respectivamente, aos valores abaixo de -2 escores-z de altura/idade e peso/altura e aos valores acima de 2 escores-z de peso/altura. O diagnóstico de anemia foi determinado a partir de concentrações de hemoglobina sérica inferiores a 11 g/dl para crianças entre seis meses e cinco anos de idade e inferiores a 11,5 g/dl para as crianças com idade entre cinco e dez anos incompletos, conforme recomendação da OMS. Aproximadamente um terço das crianças apresentou déficit de crescimento, enquanto déficit de peso/altura e obesidade não foram diagnosticados entre elas. A anemia esteve presente em mais da metade das crianças índias estudadas, 15% delas apresentando anemia grave. Há necessidade de implementação de ações que visem a melhoria das condições socioambientais, de saúde e nutrição desse povo indígena.

In order to evaluate nutritional and anemic status, 112 Indian children (Kamaiurá), aged from 0 to 119.9 months, from the Alto Xingu region of central Brazil were studied in 2000/2001. The international growth reference - NCHS was used to evaluate height and weight, according to the child's age and gender. Growth deficit (stunting) and low weight status (wasting) were determined when height-for-age and weight-for-height indices were below _2 z scores, respectively, and obesity status when the weight-for-height index was above 2 z scores. Stunting was observed in 1/3 of the children and neither wasting nor obesity were observed. The anemic status was diagnosed by hemoglobin values below 11 g/dl for children from 6 to 59 months of age, and below 11.5 g/dl, for children from 60 to 119.9 months. About 50% of the Indian children were anemic and 15% were affected by severe anemia. There is a particular need to ensure efforts to implement environment, health and nutrition programs addressed to Kamaiurá children.

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