This study presents a solution to solid waste problems, focusing on spent lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) and iron ore tailings (IOT) from the Mariana environmental accident in Brazil. The approach involves the production CoFe2O4 from LiBs and IOT, which serves as a catalyst for solar photo-Fenton reactions for methylene blue (MB) decolorization and as an electrochemical sensor for ascorbic acid (AA) detection. Chemical analysis showed recycling potential, with 45.22 ± 0.22% m m−1 Co from LiBs and 14.9 ± 1.5% m m−1 Fe from IOT, determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP OES) and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The sol-gel synthesized CoFe2O4 exhibited a crystallite size of 51.9 ± 1.3 nm and agglomerated crystal clusters. Recycled-CoFe2O4 exhibited a 98.1% MB decolorization efficiency in 60 min under solar irradiation and remained above 92.3% in all 7 reuse cycles. The electrochemical sensor exhibited a coefficient of determination of 0.9987, a sensitivity of 3.352 ± 0.0428 μA mol L−1, and a limit of detection of 0.5511 µM in the concentration range of 1.96 to 23.08 mmol L−1 for AA detection. This study demonstrates the potential of recycled-CoFe2O4 in an environmentally friendly dye removal and as an electrochemical sensor, offering sustainable waste management and resource utilization with solar energy. problems lithiumion lithium ion (LiBs IOT (IOT Brazil CoFeO CoFe O CoFe2O photoFenton photo Fenton (MB (AA 4522 45 22 45.2 022 0 0.22 m1 1 m− 149 14 9 14. 15 5 1.5 ICP OES FAAS. FAAS . (FAAS) solgel sol gel 519 51 51. 13 3 1. clusters RecycledCoFe2O4 RecycledCoFeO Recycled Recycled-CoFe2O 981 98 98.1 6 923 92 92.3 cycles 09987 9987 0.9987 3352 352 3.35 00428 0428 0.042 L1 L 05511 5511 0.551 196 96 1.9 2308 23 08 23.0 L− recycledCoFe2O4 recycledCoFeO recycled recycled-CoFe2O energy 452 4 2 45. 02 0.2 (FAAS RecycledCoFe RecycledCoFe2O 98. 92. 0998 998 0.998 335 35 3.3 0042 042 0.04 0551 551 0.55 19 230 23. recycledCoFe recycledCoFe2O 0. 099 99 0.99 33 3. 004 04 0.0 055 55 0.5 09 0.9 00 05

This study highlights the synthesis of innovative polyurethane materials derived from Moringa oleifera oils extracted from two distinct sources. The oils were converted into their respective polyols through the in situ generated performic acid method. Diverse material characteristics were observed due to different agroclimatic and cultivation conditions for the sources. Extraction yields were 45.21% (source 1) and 40.32% (source 2), with acid values of 28.70 and 26.00 mg KOH per g of oil, respectively. Oleic acid constituted 79.87 and 67.11% of the oils composition, respectively. Nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the hydroxylation of the oils. FTIR also identified the isocyanate structures in the synthesized polyurethane materials. Gel permeation chromatography analysis revealed a higher oligomer content in the polyol synthesized from the oil extracted from source 2. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated enhanced thermal stability post-oil conversion, highlighting decomposition stages for rigid and flexible segments. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated higher unsaturation in the oil extracted from source 1, resulting in an elevated crystallization temperature. Tensile testing showed increased elasticity as the [NCO]/[OH] ratio decreased in the material, emphasizing the influence of polyol and crosslinking agent concentrations on mechanical resistance of polyurethane materials. sources method 4521 45 21 45.21 1 4032 40 32 40.32 2, 2 , 2) 2870 28 70 28.7 2600 26 00 26.0 respectively 7987 79 87 79.8 6711 67 11 67.11 composition (FTIR postoil post conversion segments temperature NCO/OH NCOOH NCO / OH [NCO]/[OH 452 4 45.2 403 3 40.3 287 7 28. 260 0 26. 798 8 79. 671 6 67.1 45. 40. 67.

Exploring the triacylglycerols composition in milk samples from different ruminant species is crucial for dairy product development. Identifying the fatty acid (FA) composition in human milk is essential and is usually performed using gas chromatography (GC). Heat maps are useful for visualizing these results, aiding in pattern identification and relationships between samples and variables. Additionally, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides important qualitative and quantitative information about fatty acids (FA). In the present study, we compare the fatty acid composition in samples of HM, cow milk, and goat milk, as well as to demonstrate their positional distribution in triacylglycerols (TAGs). Human milk contains 49.21% saturated fatty acids (SFAs), 34.32% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and 16.47% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including 2.14% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 13.02% linoleic acid (LA). On the other hand, cow and goat milk have higher proportions of SFAs (56.2 and 58.02%, respectively) and MUFAs (40.56 and 40.95%, respectively), but lower amounts of PUFAs (3.24 and 1.03%, respectively), with significantly lower quantities of DHA (0.03 and 0.43%, respectively) and LA (1.46 and 2.76%, respectively). Additionally, fatty acids in ruminant milk mainly consist of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), with oleic acid being the most abundant. development FA (FA GC. GC . (GC) results variables Additionally NMR (NMR FA. study HM TAGs. TAGs (TAGs) 4921 49 21 49.21 SFAs, , (SFAs) 3432 34 32 34.32 MUFA, MUFA (MUFA) 1647 16 47 16.47 PUFA, PUFA (PUFA) 214 2 14 2.14 (DHA 1302 13 02 13.02 LA. (LA) hand 56.2 562 56 (56. 5802 58 58.02% respectively 40.56 4056 40 (40.5 4095 95 40.95% respectively, 3.24 324 3 24 (3.2 103 1 03 1.03% 0.03 003 0 (0.0 043 43 0.43% 1.46 146 46 (1.4 276 76 2.76% respectively. longchain long chain LCFAs, LCFAs (LCFAs) abundant (GC (TAGs 492 4 49.2 (SFAs 343 34.3 (MUFA 164 16.4 (PUFA 2.1 130 13.0 (LA 56. 5 (56 580 58.02 40.5 405 (40. 409 9 40.95 3.2 (3. 10 1.03 0.0 00 (0. 04 0.43 1.4 (1. 27 7 2.76 (LCFAs 49. 34. 16. 2. 13. (5 58.0 40. (40 40.9 3. (3 1.0 0. (0 0.4 1. (1 2.7 ( 58. (4

Food contamination is a public health problem, and the search for natural additives to increase food stability and safety is challenging. This research aimed to study nanoemulsions produced with coriander essential oil and kefiran, an exopolysaccharide extracted from kefir grains. The composition of coriander essential oil was evaluated, revealing linalool as the main component. An experimental design consisting of six trials was conducted. The NE2 formulation (0.5% kefiran and 1.5% coriander essential oil) exhibited smaller particle size, monodispersity, a lower centrifugal stability coefficient, and higher absolute zeta potential values (> 30 mV), indicating high electrical stability. Morphology, thermal stability, and toxicity tests were performed. The minimum bactericidal concentration was determined and applied to commercial cheese. Thermal stability tests demonstrated an increase in the stability of NE2 compared to its individual components, and it was also proven to be non-toxic. The concentration of 25% m v-1 was identified as the minimum bactericidal concentration and was applied to commercial cheese. problem challenging grains evaluated component conducted NE 0.5% 05 0 5 (0.5 15 1 1.5 size monodispersity coefficient > ( 3 mV, mV , mV) Morphology performed cheese components nontoxic. nontoxic non toxic. toxic non-toxic 25 v1 v v- 0.5 (0. 1. 2 0. (0

RESUMO O ácido ascórbico é um composto não-enzimático com ação antioxidante na desintoxicação de espécies reativas de oxigênio em plantas submetidas a condições de estresses abióticos. Diante disso, objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar as trocas gasosas, a eficiência fotoquímica e o crescimento da goiabeira cv. Paluma sob diferentes níveis de reposição de água e aplicação foliar de ácido ascórbico na fase pós-enxertia. O experimento foi desenvolvido sob condições de casa de vegetação, no Centro de Tecnologia e Recursos Naturais, da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, na ParaíbaPB. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 2 × 4, cujos tratamentos resultaram da combinação de dois fatores: duas lâminas de água de irrigação (50 e 100% da evapotranspiração real - ETr) e quatro concentrações de ácido ascórbico - AsA (0, 30, 60 e 90 mM), com três repetições. A irrigação com lâmina de 50% da ETr reduziu o crescimento em diâmetro do porta enxerto, do enxerto, da copa e volume de copa; assim como as trocas gasosas: condutância estomática e, a transpiração, e os índices de fluorescência máxima e variável da goiabeira cv. Paluma. A concentração de 90 mM de ácido ascórbico aumenta a taxa de assimilação de CO2 e a eficiência instantânea do uso da água e diminuiu o extravasamento de eletrólitos no limbo foliar das plantas de goiabeira, aos 240 dias após o transplantio. nãoenzimático não enzimático abióticos disso objetivouse objetivou se gasosas cv pósenxertia. pósenxertia pós enxertia. enxertia pós-enxertia vegetação Naturais Grande ParaíbaPB casualizados 4 fatores 50 (5 100 0, 0 (0 30 6 9 mM, , mM) repetições enxerto transpiração CO 24 transplantio 5 ( 10 3 1

ABSTRACT Ascorbic acid is a non-enzymatic compound with antioxidant action in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species in plants subjected to abiotic stress conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate gas exchange, photochemical efficiency, and growth of guava cv. Paluma under water replacement levels and foliar application of ascorbic acid in the post-grafting phase. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, at the Center of Technology and Natural Resources, at the Federal University of Campina Grande, in Paraíba, PB, Brazil. A randomized block experimental design was used, in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement, whose treatments resulted from the combination of two factors: two levels of irrigation water (50 and 100% of actual evapotranspiration - ETr) and four concentrations of ascorbic acid - AsA (0, 30, 60, and 90 mM), with three repetitions. Irrigation with a 50% ETr depth reduced the growth in rootstock diameter, scion diameter, and scion volume, as well as gas exchange: stomatal conductance, transpiration, and maximum and variable fluorescence indices of guava cv. Paluma. Ascorbic acid concentration of 90 mM increases the CO2 assimilation rate and instantaneous water use efficiency and reduces electrolyte leakage in the leaf blade of guava plants, 240 days after transplanting. nonenzymatic non enzymatic conditions Therefore exchange cv postgrafting post grafting phase Resources Grande Paraíba PB Brazil used arrangement factors 50 (5 100 0, 0 (0 30 60 9 mM, , mM) repetitions diameter volume conductance transpiration CO 24 transplanting 5 ( 10 3 6 1

ABSTRACT The interaction between bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes and N-fixing microorganisms has the potential to be utilized in sustainable agricultural production. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the effects of the interaction for growth, production and nodulation characteristics between the bacteria Rhizobium tropici and Azospirillum brasilense among different bean genotypes. The experiments were conducted in the Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in 2018 and 2019, in randomized block design with three replicates in a 20 × 3 factorial scheme; 20 common bean genotypes were tested under three forms of inoculation (no inoculation, inoculation with R. tropici, co-inoculation of R. tropici + A. brasilense). The number of grains per pod and nodule mass had the most significant direct positive effect on grain yield. For nodulation, a positive correlation of strong magnitude was observed between mass of the aerial part and number of pods per plant (0.68), stem diameter and mass of nodules (0.92) and first pod insertion height and number of nodules (0.64). In the path analysis, the number of grains per pod had the most significant direct effect (0.57) on the grain productivity variable. Regarding nodulation characteristics, selection for nodule mass was preferred due to its direct effect on grain yield as opposed to the number of nodules, which has a negative effect. This suggests an advantage of larger nodules with greater individual mass than a large number of small nodules for both improved yield and N fixing by common bean plants.

RESUMO Dentre os métodos de controle de plantas daninhas, o químico, por meio de herbicidas, é um dos mais utilizados devido à sua praticidade e eficiência. No entanto, ainda faltam informações confiáveis sobre a eficácia de aplicações em baixo volume e o espectro de gotas a ser utilizado para herbicidas de contato, como o fomesafen. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o volume de calda e espectro de gotas para aplicação do herbicida fomesafen, bem como a eficácia no controle de picão-preto (Bidens pilosa) e corda-de-viola (Ipomoea triloba). O herbicida foi aplicado utilizando pulverizador pressurizado por CO2, com pontas TT11002 espaçadas de 0,50 m, operando nas pressões de 100 kPa (gotas muito grossas) e 400 kPa (gotas médias) nos volumes de calda de 35, 70, 140 e 280 L ha-1, obtidos por meio da variação na velocidade de aplicação. No momento da aplicação foram avaliados a porcentagem de área coberta e a densidade de gotas (gotas cm-²) em etiquetas de papel hidrossensível, utilizando o programa DropScope®. Melhores índices de controle do picão-preto são obtidos quando a aplicação foi realizada com gotas muito grossas, na pressão de 100 kPa, com volume de calda entre 65 e 280 L ha-1, densidade de gotas superior a 60 gotas cm-2 e cobertura maior que 10%. O fomesafen não controla a corda-de-viola. daninhas químico eficiência entanto contato picãopreto picão preto Bidens pilosa cordadeviola corda viola Ipomoea triloba. triloba . triloba) CO2 CO TT TT1100 050 0 50 0,5 m 10 grossas 40 médias 35 70 14 28 ha1, ha1 ha 1, 1 ha-1 cm² cm ² cm-² hidrossensível DropScope DropScope® 6 cm2 2 cm- 10% cordadeviola. viola. TT110 05 5 0, 4 3 7 ha- TT11 TT1

ABSTRACT Among weed control methods, chemical control using herbicides is one of the most widely employed due to its practicality and efficiency. However, there is still a lack of reliable information regarding the effectiveness of low-volume spraying and the droplet spectrum for contact herbicides, such as fomesafen. The objective was to determine the spray volume and droplet spectrum for applying the fomesafen herbicide and its efficacy in controlling hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa) and littlebell (Ipomoea triloba). The herbicide was applied using a CO2-pressurized knapsack sprayer with TT11002 spray tip spaced at 0.50 m, operating at pressures of 100 kPa (very coarse droplets) and 400 kPa (medium-sized droplets) with spray volumes of 35, 70, 140, and 280 L ha-1, obtained by varying the application speed. At the time of application, the percentage of covered area and droplet density (droplets cm-²) were evaluated on water-sensitive paper labels using the DropScope® program. The best control results for hairy beggarticks were achieved when the application was performed with very coarse droplets at a pressure of 100 kPa, with a spray volume between 65 and 280 L ha-1, droplet density exceeding 60 droplets cm-2, and coverage greater than 10%. Fomesafen does not provide effective control of littlebell. methods efficiency However lowvolume low Bidens pilosa Ipomoea triloba. triloba . triloba) CO2pressurized COpressurized CO2 pressurized CO TT TT1100 050 0 50 0.5 m 10 40 mediumsized medium sized 35 70 140 28 ha1, ha1 ha 1, 1 ha-1 speed cm² cm ² cm-² watersensitive water sensitive DropScope program 6 cm2, cm2 2, 2 cm-2 10% TT110 05 5 0. 4 3 7 14 ha- cm- TT11 TT1

RESUMO A ocorrência de água com elevadas concentrações de sais dificulta a expansão da agricultura irrigada no semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro, tornando-se necessária a adoção de estratégias capazes de minimizar os efeitos do estresse salino sobre as plantas. Neste contexto, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de peróxido de hidrogênio nas relações hídricas, nas trocas gasosas, nos pigmentos fotossintéticos e no crescimento de goiabeira cv. Paluma sob irrigação com águas salinas na formação de mudas. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5 × 4, com três repetições, sendo cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água - CEa (0,3; 1,3; 2,3; 3,3 e 4,3 dS m-1) e quatro concentrações de peróxido de hidrogênio - H2O2 (0; 25; 50 e 75 µM). A salinidade da água de irrigação acima de 0,3 dS m-1 aumentou o extravasamento de eletrólitos no limbo foliar, reduziu o conteúdo relativo de água, a síntese de pigmentos fotossintéticos, as trocas gasosas e o crescimento das mudas de goiabeira cv. Paluma, aos 80 dias após a semeadura. A aplicação foliar de peróxido de hidrogênio em concentrações de até 75 µM, reduz o conteúdo relativo de água no limbo foliar de mudas de goiabeira e não ameniza os efeitos do estresse salino em plantas de goiabeira na fase de formação de mudas. brasileiro tornandose tornando se contexto objetivouse objetivou hídricas cv casualizados 4 repetições 03 0 3 (0,3 1,3 13 1 2,3 23 2 33 3, 43 m1 m HO H O H2O (0 25 7 µM. µM . µM) 0, m- 8 semeadura (0, 1, 2, (

ABSTRACT The occurrence of water with high concentrations of salts hinders the expansion of irrigated agriculture in the semi-arid region of the Brazilian Northeast, making it necessary to adopt strategies capable of minimizing the effects of salt stress on plants. In this context, the objective of present study was to evaluate the effects of hydrogen peroxide application on water relations, gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, and growth of guava cv. Paluma under irrigation with saline waters in the seedling formation stage. A randomized block design was used, in a 5 × 4 factorial scheme, with three replicates, with five levels of electrical conductivity of water - ECw (0.3, 1.3, 2.3, 3.3, and 4.3 dS m-1) and four concentrations of hydrogen peroxide - H2O2 (0, 25, 50, and 75 µM). Irrigation water salinity above 0.3 dS m-1 increased electrolyte leakage in the leaf blade and reduced the relative water content, synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange, and growth of seedlings of guava cv. Paluma, at 80 days after sowing. Foliar application of hydrogen peroxide at concentrations of up to 75 µM reduces the relative water content in the leaf blade of guava seedlings and did not mitigate the effects of salt stress on guava plants in the seedling formation stage. semiarid semi arid Northeast context relations exchange pigments cv stage used scheme replicates 0.3, 03 0 3 (0.3 13 1 1.3 23 2 2.3 33 3.3 43 4. m1 m HO H O H2O 0, (0 25 50 7 µM. . µM) 0. m- 8 sowing (0. 1. 2. 3. (

Resumo O psilídeo de concha, Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore, 1964 (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), um inseto praga originário da Austrália e que se alimenta apenas de plantas de Eucalyptus L'Hér. (Myrtales: Myrtaceae), se espalhou por vários países. Esse inseto, geralmente, atinge grandes populações em plantas de Eucalyptus desde sua entrada no Brasil e, também, indicou um comportamento diferente. Os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever uma adaptação peculiar no hábito alimentar de G. brimblecombei e registrar o novo hábito. A oviposição e alimentação por G. brimblecombei, geralmente, nas folhas de Eucalyptus, passaram a ocorrer, também, em ramos lignificados. Isso sugere uma adaptação diferente desse inseto para reduzir a competição intraespecífica inseto × planta.

Abstract The red gum lerp psyllid, Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore, 1964 (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), an insect pest originating in Australia and which feeds only on Eucalyptus L'Hér. (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) plants, has spread to several countries. The populations of this insect commonly reach high populations on Eucalyptus plants since its entry into Brazil, and also indicated an unrecorded behavioral. The objectives of this study were to describe a peculiar adaptation in the feeding habit of G. brimblecombei and to register the new habit. The oviposition and feeding by G. brimblecombei, commonly, on the leaves of Eucalyptus, started to occur, also, on lignified twigs. This suggests a not yet recorded adaptation of this insect to reduce insect × plant intraspecific competition.

Resumo A leishmaniose visceral é uma doença tropical negligenciada. Foram avaliadas a distribuição espacial dos casos de leishmaniose visceral no estado de Alagoas. Todos os casos de LV, registrados pela secretaria de saúde, foram analisados e georreferenciados. Entre 2008 e 2017, 97,1% dos municípios apresentaram classificação esporádica de transmissão. Com a evolução temporal, a incidência de casos de leishmaniose visceral se concentrou na maioria dos municípios da microrregião de Santana do Ipanema-AL. A análise espaço-tempo, se considerada, pode promover o aprimoramento das ações de vigilância e controle da leishmaniose visceral.

Abstract Visceral leishmaniosis is a neglected tropical disease. We evaluated the spatial distribution of cases of visceral leishmaniosis in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. All cases of VL, registered by the health department, were analyzed and georeferenced. Results: Between 2008 and 2017, 97.1% of the municipalities presented sporadic classification of transmission. With temporal evolution, the incidence of cases of visceral leishmaniosis was concentrated in most municipalities in the microregion of Santana do Ipanema-AL. Space-time analysis, if considered, may promote the improvement of surveillance and control actions of visceral leishmaniosis.

Resumo O Brasil é o maior produtor de figos da América do Sul, porém o cultivo comercial brasileiro da figueira baseia-se na plantação de uma única cultivar, o Roxo-de-Valinhos, resultando em sérios problemas relativos a pragas e doenças. Uma vez que há variações epigenéticas na interação planta-patógeno, principalmente por meio da regulação gênica, o presente trabalho objetiva realizar a caracterização in vivo de acessos de figo, por meio da análise de incidência natural de nematoides formadores de galha e de incidência natural de ferrugem, correlacionada ao seu perfil epigenômico, a fim de subsidiar trabalhos de conservação, melhoramento genético e produção da cultura. A análise dos componentes principais dos dados da caracterização dos acessos foi realizada por meio da matriz de correlação residual obtida pela análise de variância conjunta utilizando o programa GENES. Pôde-se constatar que todas as plantas foram atacadas por este patógeno, evidenciando que são suscetíveis ao mesmo. Já a análise conjunta dos dados demonstrou que a metilação e a incidência de ferrugem em folhas, quando observadas na mesma fase fenológica da planta, se correlacionam, apresentando evidências iniciais de mesmas cargas fatoriais de pressão nos genótipos, com a premissa de comportamento semelhante nos mesmos, indicando que, além do fator genético, fatores abióticos também são responsáveis pelas alterações no fenótipo das plantas, evidenciando a plasticidade fenotípica das mesmas.

Abstract Commercial fig tree cultivation in Brazil involves a single cultivar, ‘Roxo-de-Valinhos’. The use of a single cultivar results in serious diseases and related problems. The aim of this study was to characterize fig accessions by analyzing the natural root-knot nematode and leaf rust incidence in relation to the epigenomic profile of the plant, since epigenetic variations affect plant–pathogen interactions. All plants were attacked by nematodes, indicating susceptibility; Meloidogyne incognita was the root-knot nematode species involved. Joint analysis of data showed that methylation and leaf rust incidence were correlated when observed in the same phenological phase, presenting initial evidence of the same factorial pressure loads in genotypes, suggesting similar behavior within these genotypes.

Resumo A busca por herbicidas mais amigáveis ao meio ambiente, visando o controle de pragas agrícolas, aliado a uma menor nocividade à saúde humana e ao meio ambiente tem crescido. Uma alternativa utilizada pelos pesquisadores é a aplicação de produtos do metabolismo secundário de plantas, que são investigados em virtude do seu potencial bioativo. Assim, espécies pertencentes à família Myrtaceae são potenciais nestes estudos, uma vez que esta família é reconhecida por possuir alta atividade biológica. Uma espécie pertencente a este gênero é Psidium cattleyanum, que possui efeito medicinal e seus frutos são utilizados na alimentação humana. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar e comparar a fitocitogenotoxicidade de extratos foliares aquosos e etanólicos da espécie P. cattleyanum, a partir de bioensaios vegetais, bem como identificar as principais classes de compostos presentes nos extratos. Para isso, os extratos foram preparados e caracterizados e foram realizados testes biológicos avaliando, em sementes e plântulas de alface e sorgo, as variáveis: porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, crescimento radicular e crescimento aéreo; em células meristemáticas de alface foram avaliadas as variáveis: fases mitóticas, índice mitótico, alterações nucleares e alterações cromossômicas. Flavonas, flavononas, flavonóis, flavononóis, flavonóides, alcalóides, resinas, xantonas e glicosídeo de antraquinona foram caracterizados no extrato etanólico. Ambos os extratos avaliados, na maior concentração, inibiram o desenvolvimento inicial da planta. Todos os tratamentos causaram alterações nas fases mitóticas e inibiram o índice mitótico. Além disso, os tratamentos promoveram aumento de alterações nucleares e cromossômicas. O mecanismo de ação apresentado foi aneugênico, clastogênico e epigenético. O extrato etanólico foi mais citotóxico, pois teve efeito mais expressivo em menor concentração. Apesar da citotoxicidade dos extratos em estudo, eles promoveram alterações em níveis inferiores ao controle positivo glifosato.

Abstract The search for more environmental friendly herbicides, aiming at the control of agricultural pests, combinated with less harmfulness to human health and the environment has grown. An alternative used by researchers is the application of products of secondary plant metabolism, which are investigated due to their potential bioactivities. Thus, species belonging to the Myrtaceae family are potential in these studies, since this family is recognized for having high biological activity. A species belonging to this genus is Psidium cattleyanum, which has a medicinal effect and its fruits are used in human food. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate and compare the phyto-cyto-genotoxicity of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of the specie P. cattleyanum, from plant bioassays, as well as to identify the main classes of compounds present in the extracts. For this, the extracts were prepared, characterized and biological tests were carried out by evaluating, in seeds and seedlings of lettuce and sorghum, the variables: percentage of germination, germination speed index, root growth and aerial growth; and in meristematic lettuce cells the variables: mitotic phases, mitotic index, nuclear alterations and chromosomal alterations. Flavones, flavonones, flavonols, flavononols, flavonoids, alkaloids, resins, xanthones and anthraquinone glycoside were characterized in the ethanolic extract. Both evaluated extracts, in the highest concentration, inhibited the initial plant development. All treatments caused alterations in the mitotic phases and inhibited mitotic index. In addition, the treatments promoted an increase in nuclear and chromosomal alterations. The mechanism of action presented was aneugenic, clastogenic and determined in epigenetic alterations. The ethanolic extract was more cytotoxic, since it had a more expressive effect at a lower concentration. Despite the cytotoxicity of the extracts under study, they promoted alterations at lower levels than the glyphosate positive control.

Resumo Com o crescente interesse no seu cultivo, estudos na produção de pitaya ((Selenicereus undatus (Haw.) D.R. Hunt, família Cactaceae) é de fundamental importância quando se busca novas técnicas para o incremento do cultivo e garantia de um pomar homogêneo e produtivo. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência do uso de diferentes concentrações de ácido giberélico e do estágio de maturação de frutos na germinação de sementes e vigor de plântulas de pitaya vermelha da polpa branca, tendo em vista a qualidade fisiológica de mudas produzidas a fim de subsidiar trabalhos de melhoramento genético e conservação da espécie. Foram utilizadas sementes de frutos de pitaya vermelha da polpa branca em dois estágios de maturação (fisiologicamente maduros e conservados à 10°C em BOD por 3 meses), tratadas com diferentes concentrações de ácido giberélico: 0, 50, 100 e 500 mg/L. Foi possível observar que houve influência do armazenamento de frutos na germinação, emergência e crescimento das plântulas em função das concentrações de ácido giberélico. Assim, verifica-se que, no caso de sementes extraídas de frutos maduros de pitaya vermelha da polpa branca, quando semeadas nas condições do presente estudo, é necessário a utilização de GA3 para incrementar a emergência e o vigor das plântulas, com doses ótimas variando entre 150 e 300 mg/L. No caso da necessidade em armazenar os frutos de pitaya para a posterior retirada de sementes, também nas mesmas condições de semeadura do presente estudo, observa-se que, em síntese, é necessária a utilização de GA3, porém em doses maiores do que o observado no primeiro, sendo de, no mínimo, 500 mg/L. O presente estudo mostra que há influência do estágio de maturação dos frutos de pitaya vermelha de polpa branca para retirada de sementes sobre a qualidade das mudas, concluindo que o uso de sementes extraídas de frutos maduros, sem fermentação, é mais adequado para esta finalidade.

Abstract With increased interest in cultivation, the study of white-fleshed pitahaya (Selenicereus undatus (Haw.) D.R. Hunt, Cactaceae family) seedling production is of fundamental importance in the search for novel techniques to increase cultivation and guarantee homogeneous and productive orchards. The present study investigated the influence of various gibberellic acid (GA3) concentrations and fruit maturation stages on seed germination and vigor of white-fleshed pitahaya seedlings, considering the physiological quality of seedlings produced to support genetic breeding and conservation programs of the species. White-fleshed pitahaya seeds at two maturation stages (physiologically ripe and maintained at 10 °C in Biochemical Oxygen Demand incubators for three months) were treated with varying GA3 concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 500 mg/L. We observed the influence of fruit storage on seedling germination, emergence, and growth as a function of GA3 concentration. According to the results, seeds extracted from ripe white-fleshed pitahaya fruits grown under the conditions tested here required GA3 application to increase seedling emergence and vigor, with optimal doses in the 150–300-mg/L range. In the case of pitahaya fruits intended for storage for future seed removal and maintained under the same sowing conditions, the application of higher doses of GA3 was necessary when compared to the previous condition, with a minimum dose of 500 mg/L GA3. The present study shows that the maturation stage of white-fleshed pitahaya fruits intended for seed removal influences the quality of seedlings; therefore, the use of seeds extracted from ripe pitahaya fruits without fermentation is more appropriate for the purpose.

In this study, a mixed oxide (SiO2/ZnO/Fe2O3/ZnFe2O4) was prepared using the anode recycled from alkaline batteries and the silt fraction of mining tailings and applied as a photocatalyst under solar irradiation and as a pseudocapacitor. The structure and morphology of the mixed oxide revealed clusters of nanometric particles with rhombic and octahedral shapes. A 23 full factorial design was performed to determine the effect of pH, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and photocatalyst on methylene blue (MB) decolorization. The maximum efficiency was 96%, obtained using 2.35 × 10-5 mol H2O2 and 20 mg of photocatalyst at pH 3 for 30 min under solar irradiation. This efficiency remained even after four successive decolorization cycles. Pseudocapacitive properties showed that the mixed oxide exhibited favorable characteristics for application as electrochemical pseudocapacitors due to its high capacitance (87.16 F g-1), energy density (27.24 Wh kg-1) at 524.41 W kg-1 of power density, and reversibility (93%). The studied mixed oxide has excellent potential for use in photocatalytic reactions and electrochemical devices, contributing to environmental sustainability and circular economy. study SiO2/ZnO/Fe2O3/ZnFe2O4 SiO2ZnOFe2O3ZnFe2O4 SiOZnOFeOZnFeO SiO2 ZnO Fe2O3 ZnFe2O4 SiO Fe O ZnFe (SiO2/ZnO/Fe2O3/ZnFe2O4 pseudocapacitor shapes 2 H2O2, HO , H (H2O2) MB (MB 96 96% 235 35 2.3 105 10 5 10- H2O cycles 87.16 8716 87 16 (87.1 g1, g1 g 1 g-1) 27.24 2724 27 24 (27.2 kg1 kg 52441 524 41 524.4 kg- 93%. 93 93% . (93%) devices economy SiO2/ZnO/Fe2O3/ZnFe2O ZnOFe SiO2ZnOFe2O3ZnFe2O FeO Fe2O ZnFeO ZnFe2O (SiO2/ZnO/Fe2O3/ZnFe2O (H2O2 9 2. 87.1 871 8 (87. g-1 27.2 272 (27. 5244 52 4 524. (93% (H2O 87. (87 g- 27. (27 (93 (8 (2 (9 (