Abstract Background: Eriobotrya japonica is economically significant as an ornamental tree, and its leaves have medicinal properties. Question: What are the main chemical components of loquat leaves grown in a population of Central Veracruz Mexico? and does the methanolic extract have potential antidiabetic properties through α-glucosidase inhibition? Species study: Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. (Rosaceae) Study site and date: Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, 2021-2022. Methods: Total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content, phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) were determined in leaves powder. Leaf methanol extract of E. japonica was tested for α-glucosidase inhibition. Also, different groups of secondary metabolites were detected by the phenolics/volatile-targeted metabolomic analysis. Results: The leaves of E. japonica are rich in C and minerals such as Na, K, Ca, and Mg, and contain high levels of flavonoids, and procyanidin B2. The leaf methanol extract (LME) effectively inhibited α-glucosidase activity (86.05 ± 0.73 %) in vitro. In addition, a leaf petroleum ether extract (LPE) contains mainly phytol, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, and phytol acetate. Conclusions: The leaf methanolic extract exhibited antidiabetic potential due to its potent α-glucosidase inhibition, and the presence of diverse phenolic compounds, including flavonoids and their glycoside derivatives, and some fatty acids further supports the traditional use of E. japonica as an herbal medicine with antidiabetic properties.

Resumen Antecedentes: Eriobotrya japonica es de importancia económica como árbol ornamental, y sus hojas tienen propiedades medicinales. Pregunta: ¿Cuáles son los principales componentes químicos de las hojas de níspero en una población del centro de Veracruz México? ¿Tiene el extracto metanólico propiedades antidiabéticas potenciales a través de la inhibición de la α-glucosidasa? Especie de estudio: Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. (Rosaceae) Sitio y año de estudio: Xalapa, Veracruz, México, 2021-2022. Materiales y métodos: Se determinó el contenido total de carbono (C) y nitrógeno (N), fósforo (P), sodio (Na), potasio (K), calcio (Ca) y magnesio (Mg) en el polvo foliar. Se analizó el extracto metanólico de hoja (LME) de E. japonica para determinar la inhibición de la α-glucosidasa. Además, se detectaron diferentes grupos de metabolitos secundarios mediante el análisis metabolómico dirigido a fenólicos/volátiles. Resultados: Las hojas de E. japonica son ricas en C y minerales como Na, K, Ca y Mg, y contienen altos niveles de flavonoides y procianidina B2. El extracto metanólico foliar (LME) inhibió eficazmente la actividad de la α-glucosidasa (86.05 ± 0.73 %) in vitro. Además, un extracto de éter de petróleo (LPE) de hoja contiene principalmente fitol, ácido palmítico, ácido linoleico, ácido esteárico y acetato de fitol. Conclusiones: El extracto metanólico de la hoja exhibió potencial antidiabético debido a su potente inhibición de la α-glucosidasa y la presencia de diversos compuestos fenólicos, incluidos flavonoides y sus derivados glucósidos, y algunos ácidos grasos respaldan el uso tradicional de E. japonica como medicina herbaria con efectos antidiabéticos.

Resumen El perrito de la pradera (Cynomys mexicanus) es un roedor endémico de los pastizales del Norte de México, considerada una especie clave para el mantenimiento de su ecosistema. La principal problemática a la que enfrenta es el aumento de la frontera agrícola, por lo que se encuentra en constante exposición a productos químicos utilizados en zonas de cultivo cercanas, como los plaguicidas. El objetivo de este estudio fue detectar y cuantificar residuos de plaguicidas en muestras de suelo de colonias de C. mexicanus de los estados de Zacatecas y San Luis Potosí. Se analizaron un total de 5 muestras de suelo y se analizaron por medio de la técnica de Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Eficiencia (HPLC). Se detectaron ocho plaguicidas presentes en el 100% de las muestras analizadas, de los cuales el glifosato y el metamidofos tuvieron concentraciones mayores, de hasta 5.5 mg/g y 4.8 mg/g respectivamente. Los resultados muestran que en el suelo se encuentran altas concentraciones de los plaguicidas mencionados comparadas con las detectadas en otros estudios y mayores a la DL5O establecida para ambos. Por lo que el suelo es una fuente de exposición importante y medio para la entrada hacia el organismo de C. mexicanus.

Abstract The Mexican prairie dog (Cynomys mexicanus) is an endemic rodent of the grasslands of northern Mexico, considered a keystone species for the maintenance of its ecosystem. The main problem it faces is the increase in the agricultural frontier, which means that it is constantly exposed to chemical products used in nearby farming areas, such as pesticides. The objective of this study was to detect and quantify pesticide residues in soil samples of C. mexicanus colonies from the states of Zacatecas and San Luis Potosí. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analyzed five soil samples. Eight pesticides were detected in 100 % of the samples analyzed, of which glyphosate and methamidophos had higher concentrations, up to 5.5 mg/g and 4.8 mg/g respectively. The results show that high concentrations of the mentioned pesticides are found in the soil compared to those detected in other studies and higher than the DL5O established for both. Therefore, soil is an important source of exposure and means of entry into the organism of C. mexicanus.

Abstract The nematicidal effect of Canavalia ensiformis seed extract combined with silicon dioxide nanoparticles was evaluated on second instar juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita, a phytopathogenic nematode that affects tomato crops. In the first experiment, concentrations of the extract were tested at 2, 4, 6, 6, 8 and 10%, observing that the most effective concentration was 10%, with 90% mortality at 24 hours. In the second experiment, concentrations of the extract at 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0% were combined with silicon dioxide nanoparticles at 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, 0.12 and 0.14%, where the most effective was 1.5% extract with 0.14% nanoparticles, which showed a mortality of 94% at 72 hours. These results suggest that the combination of C. ensiformis extract with NP's can be a strategy for the management of M. incognita in tomato crops.

Resumen Se evaluó el efecto nematicida del extracto de semillas de Canavalia ensiformis combinado con nanopartículas de dióxido de silicio, en juveniles de segundo estadio (J2) de Meloidogyne incognita, nematodo fitopatógeno que afecta el cultivo de tomate. En el primer experimento, se probaron concentraciones del extracto al 2, 4, 6, 8 y 10%, observando que la concentración más efectiva fue del 10%, con una mortalidad del 90% a las 24 horas. En el segundo experimento, se combinaron concentraciones del extracto al 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 y 3.0% con nanopartículas de dióxido de silicio al 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, 0.12 y 0.14%, donde la más eficaz fue la de 1.5% de extracto con 0.14% de nanopartículas, que mostró una mortalidad del 94% a las 72 horas. Estos resultados sugieren que la combinación de extracto de C. ensiformis con las NP’s puede ser una estrategia para el manejo de M. incognita en cultivos de tomate.

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effect of various castration protocols through a meta-analysis of indicators of daily feed intake, feed conversion, daily weight gain, slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, and carcass yield. 179 publications from three electronic sources (Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science) were reviewed over a 24-year period, out of which the 26 studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. The effect was analyzed with six comparisons: C1=surgical castration vs whole; C2=standard immunocastration vs whole; C3= standard immunocastration vs surgical castration; C4= alternative immunocastration vs whole; C5= alternative immunocastration vs surgical castration, and C6= alternative immunocastration vs standard immunocastration. Averages were estimated for feed intake (kg) (0.23, 0.23, -0.05, 0.32, 0.11, -0.09), feed conversion (kg:kg) (0.27, 0.05, -0.16, 0.11, 0.11, 0.11, -0.19), daily weight gain (g) (-9. 54, 39.08, 40.70, 107.63, -53.0, 69.14), carcass weight (kg) (-9.54, 39.08, 40.70, 107.63, -53.0, 69.14), and hot carcass weight (kg) (1.23, 0.85, 0.46, 1.03, 1.02, -0.42) respectively. The indicators of feed consumption, feed conversion, daily weight gain, slaughter weight, and hot carcass weight proved different (P<0.05); only the carcass yield variable exhibited no difference (P>0.05). The conclusion is that immunocastration improves performance in production and carcass indicators; surgical castration improves carcass yield; whole pigs have better feed conversion, and standard and alternative immunocastration differ in their response in terms of production and carcass measurement indicators.

Resumen El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de los diferentes protocolos de castración por medio del meta-análisis de los indicadores del consumo diario de alimento, conversión alimenticia, ganancia diaria de peso, peso al rastro, peso de la canal caliente y rendimiento de la canal. Se revisaron 179 publicaciones de tres fuentes electrónicas (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science) en un periodo de 24 años, de las cuales se seleccionaron los 26 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. El efecto se analizó con seis comparaciones: C1=castración quirúrgica vs enteros; C2=inmunocastración estándar vs enteros; C3= inmunocastración estándar vs castración quirúrgica; C4= inmunocastración alternativa vs enteros; C5= inmunocastración alternativa vs castrados quirúrgicamente; y C6= inmunocastración alternativa vs inmunocastración estándar. Las medias obtenidas fueron de consumo de alimento (kg) (0.23, 0.23, -0.05, 0.32, 0.11, -0.09), de conversión alimenticia (kg:kg) (0.27, 0.05, -0.16, 0.11, 0.11, -0.19), ganancia diaria de peso (g) (-9.54, 39.08, 40.70, 107.63, -53.0, 69.14), peso de la canal (kg) (-9.54, 39.08, 40.70, 107.63, -53.0, 69.14), y peso de la canal en caliente (kg) (1.23, 0.85, 0.46, 1.03,1.02, -0.42) respectivamente. Los indicadores de consumo de alimento, conversión alimenticia, ganancia diaria de peso, peso al rastro y peso de la canal caliente fueron diferentes (P<0.05); solo la variable de rendimiento de la canal no mostró diferencia (P>0.05). Se concluye que, la inmunocastración mejora el desempeño en indicadores productivos y de la canal, la castración quirúrgica mejora el rendimiento de la canal, los cerdos enteros tienen mejor conversión alimenticia, y la inmunocastración estándar y alternativa difieren en su respuesta en indicadores de producción y medición de la canal.

Abstract The Ibis M2016 variety is a bread wheat variety with medium-strong gluten that was obtained in the Wheat Genetic Improvement Program of the Bajío Experimental Field by hybridization through a simple cross between the Colibri and Finsi genotypes; its selection history is TC070080-2R-0C-0R-1CSE-0R. In plots of producers from El Bajío, it surpassed Cortazar S94 in grain yield by 23.8% and the varieties Alondra F2014, Luminaria F2012, Bárcenas S2002, Maya S2007, and Urbina S2007 by 3.4, 45.7, 41, 21.4, and 18.7%, respectively. It is moderately resistant to yellow rust; when Cortazar S94 reached 40% damage from the disease, Ibis M2016 showed damage ranging from 10 to 15%. The variety was developed from 2007, when the cross was made; in 2021, it was released as a commercial variety. Ibis M2016 was made available to producers to meet the demand for varieties with medium-strong gluten, resistant to rust, and with yields higher than those of commercial varieties. Ibis M2016 is recommended for sowing in the El Bajío region, which had altitudes of 1 500 to 1 800 m and includes part of the states of Guanajuato, Michoacán, Jalisco and Querétaro.

Resumen La variedad Ibis M2016 es un de trigo harinero de gluten medio fuerte, que fue obtenida en el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético de Trigo del Campo Experimental Bajío por hibridación, mediante una cruza simple entre los genotipos Colibri y Finsi, su historia de selección es TC070080-2R-0C-0R-1CSE-0R. En parcelas de productores de El Bajío superó en rendimiento de grano a Cortazar S94, con 23.8% y a las variedades Alondra F2014, Luminaria F2012, Bárcenas S2002, Maya S2007 y Urbina S2007 con 3.4, 45.7, 41, 21.4 y 18.7%, respectivamente. Es moderadamente resistente a la roya amarilla, cuando Cortazar S94 alcanzó el 40% de daño por la enfermedad, Ibis M2016 presentó daños que van del 10 al 15%. La variedad se desarrolló del año 2007, cuando se realizó la cruza, en 2021 se liberó como variedad comercial. Ibis M2016 se puso a disposición de los productores para satisfacer la demanda de variedades de gluten medio fuerte, resistentes a royas y con rendimientos superiores al de las variedades comerciales. Ibis M2016 se recomienda para siembras en la región de El Bajío que presentó alturas de 1 500 a 1 800 msnm y comprende parte de los estados de Guanajuato, Michoacán, Jalisco y Querétaro.

Abstract Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. There is no effective treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. Snake venoms are a cocktail of proteins and peptides with great therapeutic potential and might be useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Crotapotin is the acid chain of crotoxin, the major component of Crotalus durissus collilineatus venom. PD is characterized by low levels of neurotrophins, and synaptic and axonal degeneration; therefore, neurotrophic compounds might delay the progression of PD. The neurotrophic potential of crotapotin has not been studied yet. Methods: We evaluated the neurotrophic potential of crotapotin in untreated PC12 cells, by assessing the induction of neurite outgrowth. The activation of the NGF signaling pathway was investigated through pharmacological inhibition of its main modulators. Additionally, its neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects were evaluated by assessing neurite outgrowth and cell viability in PC12 cells treated with the dopaminergic neurotoxin MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium), known to induce Parkinsonism in humans and animal models. Results: Crotapotin induced neuritogenesis in PC12 cells through the NGF-signaling pathway, more specifically, by activating the NGF-selective receptor trkA, and the PI3K/Akt and the MAPK/ERK cascades, which are involved in neuronal survival and differentiation. In addition, crotapotin had no cytotoxic effect and protected PC12 cells against the inhibitory effects of MPP+ on cell viability and differentiation. Conclusion: These findings show, for the first time, that crotapotin has neurotrophic/neuroprotective/neurorestorative potential and might be beneficial in Parkinson's disease. Additional studies are necessary to evaluate the toxicity of crotapotin in other cell models. Background Parkinsons Parkinson s (PD diseases crotoxin venom neurotrophins degeneration therefore yet Methods PC PC1 modulators Additionally MPP 1methyl4phenylpyridinium, 1methyl4phenylpyridinium methylphenylpyridinium 1 methyl 4 phenylpyridinium , (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) models Results NGFsignaling specifically NGFselective selective trkA PI3KAkt PIKAkt PI3K Akt PI K MAPKERK MAPK ERK cascades differentiation addition Conclusion show time neurotrophicneuroprotectiveneurorestorative (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium KAkt PIK

ABSTRACT The excessive production of concrete has led to the overexploitation of natural resources, prompting the exploration of high-strength alternative materials like nanosilica (NS) as a superplasticizer substituting cement and rock wool (LR) used in bulk as a partial substitute for coarse aggregate. In this experimental study, both materials are proposed to be incorporated into concrete production with varying percentages: 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%, and 1.4% of NS by weight, and 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% of LR by volume. The objective is to evaluate their physical and mechanical performance, including settlement properties, air content, and mechanical strength. The results indicated a significant increase in settlement with NS, reaching up to 8". Air content decreased to 0.7% with 0.8NS but increased with LR. Additionally, at 28 days, compression resistance increased by 37.19% and 30.53% for C-1 and C-2, respectively, with 1.4%NS compared to the control model. Furthermore, with 1.4%NS+6%LR, it increased by 21.85%. In traction, samples with 1.4%NS increased by 24.10%, and those with more than 6%LR increased by 16.57%. Furthermore, flexion increased by 18.84% for 1.4%NS and 26.68% for 1.4NS+8LR. The study concludes that the optimal addition is 1.4% NS and 6% LR, significantly enhancing the mechanical resistance of concrete compared to control designs.

RESUMEN La producción excesiva de hormigón ha provocado la sobreexplotación de los recursos naturales, lo que ha impulsado la exploración de materiales alternativos de alta resistencia como la nanosílice (NS) como superplastificante en sustitución del cemento y la lana de roca (LR) utilizada a granel como sustituto parcial del árido grueso. En este estudio experimental se propone incorporar ambos materiales a la producción de concreto en porcentajes variables: 0,6%, 0,8%, 1,0% y 1,4% de NS en peso, y 2%, 4%, 6% y 8% de LR por volumen. El objetivo es evaluar su desempeño físico y mecánico, incluyendo propiedades de asentamiento, contenido de aire y resistencia mecánica. Los resultados indicaron un aumento significativo en el asentamiento con NS, alcanzando hasta 8". El contenido de aire disminuyó a 0,7% con 0,8NSpero aumentó con LR. Además, a los 28 días, la resistencia a la compresión aumentó un 37,19% y un 30,53% para C-1. y C-2, respectivamente, con 1,4%NS respecto al modelo control, además con 1,4%NS+6%LR aumentó un 21,85%. En tracción, las muestras con 1,4%NS aumentaron un 24,10%, y aquellas con más del 6%LR aumentó un 16,57%, así mismo en flexión aumentó un 18,84% para el 1,4%NS y un 26,68% con 1,4NS+8LR, el estudio concluye que la adición óptima es 1,4% NS y 6% LR, significativamente mejorando la resistencia mecánica del hormigón en comparación con los diseños de control.

Abstract Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is associated with fractures, despite preserved Bone Mineral Density (BMD). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between BMD and trabecular bone score (TBS) with the reallocation of fat within muscle in individuals with eutrophy, obesity, and T2D. Methods: The subjects were divided into three groups: eutrophic controls paired by age and sex with the T2D group (n = 23), controls diagnosed with obesity paired by age, sex, and body mass index with the T2D group (n = 27), and the T2D group (n = 29). BMD and body fat percentage were determined using dual-energy X-Ray absorptiometry. TBS was determined using TBS iNsight software. Intra and extramyocellular lipids in the soleus were measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results: TBS was lower in the T2D group than in the other two groups. Glycated hemoglobin (A1c) was negatively associated with TBS. Body fat percentage was negatively associated with TBS and Total Hip (TH) BMD. TH BMD was positively associated with intramuscular lipids. A trend of negative association was observed between intramuscular lipids and TBS. Conclusion: This study showed for the first time that the reallocation of lipids within muscle has a negative association with TBS. Moreover, these results are consistent with previous studies showing a negative association between a parameter related to insulin resistance (intramuscular lipids) and TBS. Introduction TD T D (T2D fractures . (BMD) (TBS eutrophy Methods groups n 23, 23 , 23) 27, 27 27) 29. 29 29) dualenergy dual energy XRay X Ray absorptiometry software spectroscopy Results A1c Ac c (A1c (TH Conclusion Moreover (BMD

Abstract Leaf litter is an important component related to nutrient cycling and conservation of soil biodiversity. In this context, the objective of our study was to investigate the relationship between soil and leaf litter in different forest communities in sub-regions of the Pantanal (Nhecolândia and Abobral/Miranda). To this end, we collected soil and leaf litter samples from 152 sample plots divided in physiognomies regionally called as Cordilheira, Capão, Murundu, Corixo and Cambará/Canjiqueira forest. In the laboratory, analytical determinations were conducted for 22 soil attributes and 11 elements of the chemical composition of the leaf litter. The forest communities showed a great well-defined edaphic gradient encompassing environments with high natural fertility soils (Capão and Cordilheira Abobral/Miranda), acidic soils with a high proportion of soluble Al3+ (Cambará/Canjiqueira, and Corixo), and poorly developed soils with a predominantly sandy texture (Nhecolândia region, Cordilheira and Murundu). Soil attributes are significantly related to the chemical composition of litter, as indicated by correlations between N, P, Ca, Mg, Mn and the C/N ratio with physical, chemical and soil organic matter attributes. This study revealed the interaction of soils with the chemical composition of litter, constituting an ecosystem service, in forest communities in the Brazilian Pantanal. biodiversity context subregions sub regions Nhecolândia Abobral/Miranda. AbobralMiranda Abobral/Miranda . Abobral Miranda Abobral/Miranda) end 15 Capão Murundu CambaráCanjiqueira Cambará Canjiqueira laboratory 2 1 welldefined well defined Abobral/Miranda, , Al3 Al Cambará/Canjiqueira, (Cambará/Canjiqueira Corixo, Corixo) region Murundu. Murundu) N P Ca Mg CN C physical service

Abstract One of the most widespread criteria in the assessment of images of pigmented melanocytic lesions is the ABCDE method, in which color (C) is one of the relevant issues. However, most of its assessment is subjective, rarely considering the multiple factors that may affect image capture, processing, or observation, as well as human limitations and perceptual differences. This particularity can affect the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of this type of skin lesions. With the development of diagnostic tele-dermatology and increasingly sophisticated AI algorithms, there is a need for objective procedures that optimize image processing so, it supports health professionals and effectively impact the increasing rates of melanomas. The purpose of this study is to provide a chromatic assessment methodology based on the CIEL*a*b* system and, better practices in image chromatic management, simplifying the procedures to a group of healthcare professionals who are not necessarily familiar with using color as an objective diagnostic tool.

Resumen Uno de los criterios más extendidos en la valoración de imágenes de lesiones melanocíticas pigmentadas es el método ABCDE, en el cual el color (C) es uno de los componentes más relevantes. Sin embargo, la mayor parte de su valoración es subjetiva, raramente toma en cuenta los múltiples factores que pueden afectar la captura, procesamiento u observación de las imágenes, así como las limitaciones y diferencias perceptivas humanas. Esta particularidad puede afectar la detección temprana, el diagnóstico y tratamiento de este tipo de lesiones cutáneas. Con el desarrollo de la Tele- dermatología diagnóstica y los cada vez más sofisticados algoritmos de IA, se hace necesario contar con procedimientos objetivos que optimicen y fidelicen el procesamiento de imágenes y que apoyen a los profesionales de salud con el propósito de incidir positivamente en los índices crecientes de melanomas. El propósito de este artículo es proporcionar una metodología de valoración cromática, sustentada en el sistema CIEL*a*b* y en mejores prácticas de gestión cromática de imágenes, proporcionando a un grupo de profesionales en la salud, que no necesariamente está familiarizado a utilizar el color como herramienta objetiva de diagnóstico.

ABSTRACT Introduction: We aim to publish our innovative modified biplanar 0-90 endoscopic guided puncture technique for percutaneous nephrolithotomy in supine recorded with a GoPro® camera for standardization of the technique. It solves drawbacks of the fluoroscopic technique, i.e., in kidneys with complex anatomy, it may be challenging to distinguish calyces as they are often superposed, and it does not allow for all benefits of a combined endoscopic approach (1, 2). Our technique shortens puncture and fluoroscopic time and is easy to teach and reproduce. Methods: A 77-year-old female patient had previous double J insertion due to an obstructing stone in the right distal ureter. She managed to pass the distal stone but remained with the double J and a 20mm stone (1300HU) in the right renal pelvis. The shared decision was for the actual standard of care (3, 4) endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS). The MiniECIRS started with flexible ureteroscopy and a posterior calix which gave direct access to the stone was chosen. The tip of the flexible scope was used to mark point A with the C-arm in the 0-degree position and line B in the 90-degree position. Puncture was fast and the MiniECIRS was uneventful with a single mid-pole access guided by the flexible scope. The surgeon had a Full-HD GoPro® camera mounted on his head, controlled by the surgical staff. All essential surgical steps were recorded. Results: The quality of the recorded movie was graded as excellent, and the camera did not cause any discomfort to the surgeon. Operative and X-Ray time were 120minutes and 2minutes (7.64mGy). Hemoglobin drop was 0.8g/dL. The post-operative day-1 computed tomography scan was stone-free. The patient was discharged 24h after surgery. Kidney stent was left with a string and removed after 5days. The patient remained asymptomatic and metabolic evaluation revealed a calcium oxalate stone, low urinary volume and hypocitraturia which were treated with potassium citrate and hydration. Conclusion: The Modified Biplanar (0-90 degree) Endoscopic-Guided Puncture Technique for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy joins the reproducibility of the same technique under fluoroscopy with advantages regarding safety and efficiency of ECIRS. Introduction 090 0 90 0-9 GoPro ie i e i.e. anatomy superposed 1, 1 (1 2. 2 . 2) reproduce Methods 77yearold yearold 77 year old ureter mm 1300HU HU (1300HU pelvis 3, 3 (3 4 ECIRS (ECIRS) chosen Carm C arm 0degree degree 90degree midpole mid pole FullHD Full HD head staff Results excellent XRay X Ray minutes 7.64mGy. 764mGy mGy 7.64mGy 7 64mGy (7.64mGy) 08gdL gdL 8g dL g 0.8g/dL postoperative post operative day1 day day- stonefree. stonefree free. free stone-free h 5days days hydration Conclusion (0-9 EndoscopicGuided Endoscopic Guided 09 9 0- i.e ( (ECIRS (7.64mGy (0- (0

Abstract The aim of this experimental study was to determine the effect of photobiomodulation therapy on bone repair in a rat tibia osteotomy model at 15 and 30 days. The sample consisted of 36 male Holtzman rats that were randomized into 6 equal groups. Groups A1 and A2: osteotomy + 1 J laser energy. Groups B1 and B2: osteotomy + 3 J laser energy. Groups C1 and C2 (controls): osteotomy only. The bone repair was analyzed by histological evaluation of osteoblasts and osteocytes both at 15 days (groups A1, B1, and C1) and at 30 days (groups A2, B2, and C2). Within the results, in all groups a greater number of osteoblasts was found at 15 days vs 30 days (p<0.05), and a greater number of osteocytes in B1 and C2 vs B2 and C1, respectively (p<0.05). When evaluating the 3 groups worked up to 15 days, more osteoblasts were found in A1 and C1 vs B1 (p<0.001); and osteocytes predominated in A1 and B1 vs C1 (p<0.001). At 30 days there was a greater quantity of osteoblasts in C2 vs A2 and B2 (p<0.05) and of osteocytes in C2 vs B2 (p<0.05). It is concluded that 1 J photobiomodulation therapy improved bone repair at 15 days; however, this improvement was not observed at 30 days because there were no differences between the irradiated groups and the control.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio experimental fue determinar el efecto de terapia de fotobiomodulación sobre la reparación ósea en un modelo de osteotomía de tibia de rata a los 15 y 30 días. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 36 ratas Holtzman macho que se aleatorizaron en 6 grupos iguales. Grupos A1 y A2: osteotomía + energía láser de 1 Joule. Grupos B1 y B2: osteotomía + energía láser 3 Joule. Grupos C1 y C2 (controles): solo osteotomía. La reparación ósea fue analizada por evaluación histológica de osteoblastos y osteocitos tanto a los 15 días (grupos A1, B1 y C1) como a los 30 días (grupos A2, B2 y C2). Como resultados se encontró que en todos los grupos hubo mayor número de osteoblastos a los 15 días vs. 30 días (p<0,05), y mayor número de osteocitos en B1 y C2 vs B2 y C1, respectivamente (p<0,05). Al evaluar a los animales a los 15 días, se observó mayor número de osteoblastos en A1 y C1 vs B1 (p<0.001); y mayor número de osteocitos en A1 y B1 vs C1 (p<0,001). Al evaluar a los ratones a los 30 días hubo mayor cantidad de osteoblastos en C2 vs A2 y B2 (p<0,05) y de osteocitos en C2 vs B2 (p<0,05). Se concluye que la terapia de fotobiomodulación con 1 Joule mejoró la reparación ósea a los 15 días; sin embargo, dicha mejora no se observó a los 30 días porque no hubo diferencias entre los grupos irradiados y el control.

Abstract Ray tracing is a rendering technique that is highly praised for its realism and image quality. Nonetheless, this is a computationally intensive task that is slow compared to other rendering techniques like rasterization. Bounding Volume Hierarchy (BVH) is a primitive subdivision acceleration mechanism that is the mainly used method for accelerating ray tracing in modern solutions. It is regarded as having better performance against other acceleration methods. Another well-known technique is Kd-Trees that uses binary space partitioning to adaptively subdivide space with planes. In this research, we made an up-to-date evaluation of both acceleration structures, using state-of-the-art BVH and Kd-Trees algorithms implemented in C, and found out that the Kd-Trees acceleration structure provided better performance in all defined scenarios on a modern x86 CPU architecture.

ABSTRACT Instroduction: Spondylodiscitis is an infectious process of the vertebral body and the intervertebral disc. It has multifactorial etiology which requires a multidisciplinary approach. The smallest number corresponds to the cervical spine. Surgical treatment is suggested in patients with neurological defect, deformity and failure of conservative therapy. Objective: To describe the clinical and radiological characteristics and the surgical treatment of a patient with cervical spondylodiscitis. Case report: We report the case of a 48-year-old male patient with a history of type II diabetes mellitus. He presented nuchal anthrax and he was treated with antimicrobials. A year later, he returned to the consultation with numbness in his right arm and later it spread to the other extremities. Cervical spondylodiscitis is diagnosed at C6-C7 level. It was decided to apply surgical treatment by C6 and C7 corporectomy with iliac crest tricortical graft and place a titanium plate from C5 to D1. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from the intervertebral disc and specific antibiotic treatment was continued for 6 weeks. Conclusions: Cervical spondylodiscitis is the spinal infection with the lowest incidence. Its late appearance in an immunocompetent patient after a skin infection is highly unusual. Surgical management by means of decompression and fixation with blade and titanium screws, together with antibiotic treatment, resulted in an excellent postoperative evolution.

RESUMEN Fundamento: La espondilodiscitis es un proceso infeccioso del cuerpo vertebral y del disco intervertebral. Presenta una etiología multifactorial y requiere un abordaje multidisciplinario. El menor número corresponde a la columna cervical. El tratamiento quirúrgico se sugiere en pacientes con defecto neurológico, deformidad y fallo de la terapia conservadora. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas, radiológicas y el tratamiento quirúrgico de un paciente con espondilodiscitis cervical. Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino de 48 años con antecedentes de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Presentó ántrax nucal y fue tratado con antimicrobianos. Al año volvió a consulta con entumecimiento en el brazo derecho, que luego se generalizó hacia las otras extremidades. Se diagnosticó espondilodiscitis cervical a nivel C6-C7. Se decidió aplicar tratamiento quirúrgico mediante corporectomia de C6 y C7, con injerto tricortical de cresta ilíaca, y colocar placa de titanio desde C5 a D1. Se aisló Staphylococcus aureus en el disco intervertebral, por lo cual se trató con antibiótico específico durante 6 semanas. Conclusiones: La espondilodiscitis cervical es la infección espinal de más baja incidencia. Su aparición tardía en un paciente inmunocompetente después de una infección de piel, resulta muy inusual. El manejo quirúrgico mediante descompresión y fijación con lámina y tornillos de titanio, junto con el tratamiento antibiótico, resultó en una excelente evolución posoperatoria.

Resumo Antecedentes Coinfecções neurológicas em pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS (PVHA) é um tema que não foi suficientemente avaliado em estudos clínicos prospectivos. Nosso objetivo foi identificar as características clínicas e os desfechos de PVHA com toxoplasmose cerebral e coinfecções neurológicas. Métodos Estudo prospectivo de coorte observacional conduzido em um centro de ensino terciário de São Paulo, Brasil, entre janeiro e julho de 2017. Foram incluídos consecutivamente PVHA internadas com ≥ 18 anos e toxoplasmose cerebral. Realizou-se exame neurológico padronizado na admissão e semanalmente até a alta/óbito. Tanto o diagnóstico quanto o tratamento seguiram a rotina institucional; neurorradiologia, diagnóstico molecular, neurocirurgia e Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) estavam disponíveis. Os principais desfechos foram coinfecções neurológicas e óbitos hospitalares. Resultados Incluímos 44 (4,3%) casos entre 1.032 pacientes internados. A idade mediana foi de 44 (intervalo interquartil [IIQ]: : 35-50) anos, e 50% (n = 22) dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino. A contagem mediana de linfócitos T CD4+ foi de 50 (IIQ:15-94) células/mm3. Múltiplas lesões na tomografia computadorizada foram observadas em 59% dos casos. Coinfecções neurológicas foram diagnosticadas em 20% (n = 9) dos casos, sendo o citomegalovírus a etiologia mais comum (encefalite: n = 3; polirradiculopatia: n = 2). Observou-se maior tempo de internação (26 versus 62 dias; p= 0,021) e uma taxa mais alta de admissão à UTI (14% versus 44%; p= 0,045) em PVHA com coinfecções neurológicas em comparação àquelas sem coinfecção. A mortalidade intra-hospitalar foi de 13,6% (n = 6) (grupo com coinfecções: 33% versus grupo sem coinfecção: 8,6%; p= 0,054). Conclusão Coinfecções neurológicas foram comuns em PVHA com toxoplasmose cerebral, sendo o citomegalovírus o principal copatógeno. O grupo de PVHA com coinfecções neurológicas apresentou maior tempo de internação, maior taxa de internações na UTI, e tendência a maior taxa de mortalidade intra-hospitalar. HIVAIDS HIV AIDS (PVHA prospectivos Paulo Brasil 2017 1 Realizouse Realizou se altaóbito óbito alta/óbito institucional neurorradiologia molecular (UTI disponíveis hospitalares 4 4,3% 43 3 (4,3% 1032 032 1.03 internados intervalo IIQ [IIQ] 3550 35 35-50 22 masculino CD4 CD 5 IIQ1594 15 94 (IIQ:15-94 célulasmm3 célulasmm células mm3 mm células/mm3 59 20 9 encefalite (encefalite polirradiculopatia 2. 2 . 2) Observouse Observou 26 (2 6 dias p 0,021 0021 0 021 14% 14 (14 44% 0,045 0045 045 coinfecção intrahospitalar intra hospitalar 136 13 13,6 33 8,6% 86 8 0,054. 0054 0,054 054 0,054) copatógeno intrahospitalar. hospitalar. 201 4,3 (4,3 103 03 1.0 [IIQ 355 35-5 IIQ159 (IIQ:15-9 células/mm ( 0,02 002 02 (1 0,04 004 04 13, 8,6 005 0,05 05 4, (4, 10 1. 35- IIQ15 (IIQ:15- 0,0 00 8, (4 IIQ1 (IIQ:15 0, (IIQ:1 (IIQ: (IIQ

Abstract Background Concomitant neurological diseases in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is a challenging subject that has been insufficiently evaluated by prospective clinical studies. The goal of the present study was to identify the clinical characteristics and outcomes of PLWHA with cerebral toxoplasmosis and neurological co-infections. Methods We conducted a prospective observational cohort study at a tertiary teaching center in São Paulo, Brazil, from January to July 2017. Hospitalized PLWHA aged ≥ 18 years with cerebral toxoplasmosis were consecutively enrolled. A standardized neurological examination was performed at admission and weekly until discharge or death. Diagnosis and treatment followed institutional routines; neuroradiology, molecular diagnosis, neurosurgery, and the intensive care unit (ICU) were available. The main outcomes were neurological coinfections and in-hospital death. Results We included 44 (4.3%) cases among 1,032 hospitalized patients. The median age was 44 (interquartile range [IQR]: 35-50) years, and 50% (n = 22) of the patients were male. The median CD4+ T lymphocyte count was of 50 (IQR: 15-94) cells/mm3. Multiple lesions on computed tomography were present in 59% of the cases. Neurological coinfections were diagnosed in 20% (n = 9) of the cases, and cytomegalovirus was the most common etiology (encephalitis: n = 3; polyradiculopathy: n = 2). Longer hospital stays (30 versus 62 days; p= 0.021) and a higher rate of ICU admissions (14% versus 44%; p= 0.045) were observed among PLWHA with neurological coinfections in comparison to those without them. The rate of in-hospital mortality was of 13.6% (n = 6) (coinfection group: 33%; no coinfection group: 8.6%; p= 0.054). Conclusion Neurological c-infections were common among PLWHA with cerebral toxoplasmosis, and cytomegalovirus was the main copathogen. The group of PLWHA with neurological co-infections underwent longer hospital stays and more frequent intensive care unit admissions. Additionally, this group of patients tended to have higher in-hospital mortality rate. HIVAIDS HIV AIDS (PLWHA studies coinfections. co infections. infections Paulo Brazil 2017 1 enrolled death routines neuroradiology diagnosis neurosurgery (ICU available inhospital 4 4.3% 43 3 (4.3% 1032 032 1,03 interquartile IQR [IQR] 3550 35 35-50 22 male CD4 CD 5 (IQR 1594 15 94 15-94 cellsmm3 cellsmm cells mm3 mm cells/mm3 59 20 9 encephalitis (encephalitis polyradiculopathy 2. 2 . 2) 30 (3 6 days p 0.021 0021 0 021 14% 14 (14 44% 0.045 0045 045 them 136 13 13.6 33% 33 8.6% 86 8 0.054. 0054 0.054 054 0.054) cinfections c copathogen Additionally 201 4.3 (4.3 103 03 1,0 [IQR 355 35-5 159 15-9 cells/mm ( 0.02 002 02 (1 0.04 004 04 13. 8.6 005 0.05 05 4. (4. 10 1, 35- 15- 0.0 00 8. (4 0.