Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar los itinerarios corporales de mujeres de nivel socioeconómico (NSE) alto y bajo que viven en Santiago de Chile. A través de una investigación cualitativa se indaga en las prácticas de alimentación, ejercicio y cuidado estético. Se realizaron entrevistas reflexivas a cuatro mujeres y se hizo un análisis temático reflexivo. Los análisis muestran que las mujeres de nivel socioeconómico alto refieren a las prácticas corporales cotidianas desde una alta sensación/conciencia corporal, mientras que para las de nivel socioeconómico bajo el cuerpo se vive como un lugar de control sobre el que hay escaso registro. A la descripción de las prácticas se agrega el carácter moral y afectivo con que son descriptas. Como resultado emergente, el cuidado de hijos/as surge como una variable relevante dentro de los itinerarios corporales, específicamente respecto de las prácticas de alimentación y ejercicio. Se concluye que las diferencias en las prácticas de alimentación, ejercicio y cuidado estético entre mujeres de NSE alto y bajo son consistentes con disparidades presentadas en encuestas. Trabajar desde la noción de itinerarios corporales permitió mostrar el modo en que se articula una diversidad de asuntos cotidianos que tradicionalmente se han estudiado de manera desagregada. Se sugiere para futuras investigaciones trabajar con muestras que incluyan otro tipo de participantes (hombres y/o sujetos de NSE medio) e integrar el rol de cuidadora como una variable a considerar.

Abstract This work aims to study women's body itineraries, through the interviews of women from high and low socioeconomic status (SES) who live in Santiago de Chile. The project inquiries bodies’ itineraries as a set of nutrition, exercise, and aesthetics care actions as everyday practices. This concept allowed reflecting on the body as a continuous becoming, a movement or action, and not a fixed entity. The project had a qualitative research design. Data was collected using reflexive interviews. Participants were asked to describe a typical day using magazine images. Every interview started with the question: “If your body could talk with images, how would it tell its day?”. Four women were interviewed, two of high SES and two of low SES. The data analysis was conducted the reflexive thematic analysis guidelines. The results compared high and low SES bodies itineraries organized by type of practice. Women of high SES describe their nutrition practices in terms of body awareness; how food affects their bodies. Low SES women instead talk about their nutrition from a self-control perspective. These women describe their food intake as something that must be at all times regulated. For them, nutrition becomes a constant failure because they usually lack self-control. Women of high SES describe the exercise as a pleasant activity, it is related to wellbeing. The interviewed women from this group reported exercising regularly. Women of Low SES described their lack of exercising in terms of laziness. Women of low SES report makeup as a daily aesthetic care practice. Women describe that they start applying makeup at their house, continue in the subway or bus on the way to work, and finish at the workplace. Makeup doesn’t have a delimited space or place. Women of high SES describe aesthetic care practices in terms of skincare. They emphasize that good-looking skin and body image reflect a healthy body. A significant difference between low and high SES women is that the first consider aesthetic care practices as superficial, while for the latter is an inner state that reflects exteriorly. In general terms, women of high SES refer to body itineraries in terms of awareness. Women regularly refer to how the practices of nutrition, exercise, and aesthetic care affect their bodies. Women of low SES instead describe their body itineraries as control practices that regularly fail. They don’t report body sensations. The analysis shows that the description of nutrition, exercise, and aesthetic care have moral (good/bad) and affective dimensions (how a body shall be affected in these practices). Being a caregiver emerged as a relevant issue when accounting for body itineraries. Two of the four women we interviewed were mothers, one from each SES. Caregiving was significant in nutrition and exercise practices. Women with children tend to eat when and what their children are eating. Eating tends to be a practice distributed in the routine. For example, a woman had a sandwich with her son before school and then a coffee after dropping him at school. Likewise, exercise is in function to the children’s routine. For example, a woman walks fast from the school to her house. Being a caregiver structures time and, as an effect, it is very significant in body itineraries. Finally, in the discussion the analysis was compared with other data. The different practices of women of high and low SES derive into different outcomes. Women of low SES are more obese and sedentary than women from high SES. The notion of body itineraries is an integrative concept to study nutrition, exercise, and aesthetic care.

Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar cómo el incremento de las labores de cuidado, producto de la pandemia, y el quiebre de la red de cuidados han recaído significativamente sobre las mujeres. Al reconocer la crisis de los cuidados, que ha privilegiado un modelo individualista por sobre uno social o comunitario, la pandemia de la covid-19 revela las sobrecargas de un tipo de sujeto y las imposibilidades para pensar otras formas de cuidar. Mediante la presentación de algunos resultados, obtenidos por la encuesta Cuidar, realizada en Chile en mayo de 2020, en un contexto de cuarentena estricta, cierre de establecimientos educacionales y medidas de distanciamiento social, discutimos la participación de las mujeres en entramados de prácticas de cuidado que se van tornando cada vez más frágiles. Si consideramos que las mujeres son actores clave en estas articulaciones, la precarización de su calidad de vida afecta la capacidad misma de la red para sostener y cuidar y, por ende, la capacidad de las mujeres para cuidar tanto de sí mismas como de otros. Es decir, la pandemia no solo muestra un conjunto de prácticas que se desarticula y reorganiza, sino que, dada su organización privatizada y concentrada en un tipo de individuo, se hace mucho más frágil en tanto que depende casi exclusivamente de un sujeto cuyas posibilidades de repensarse o rearticularse son menores o limitadas.

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to highlight that the increase in caregiving tasks, as a result of the pandemic and the breakdown of the care network, have fallen most heavily on women. By recognizing the crisis of care, which has privileged an individualistic model over a social or community model, the covid-19 pandemic reveals the overburdening of one type of subject and the impossibilities of thinking about other forms of care. By presenting some of the results obtained via the Cuidar survey, conducted in Chile in May 2020, in a context of strict quarantine, closure of educational establishments and social distancing measures, we discuss the participation of women in care practices that are becoming increasingly fragile. If we consider that women are key actors in these articulations, the precariousness of their quality of life affects the very capacity of the network to sustain and care and, therefore, women’s capacity to care for themselves as well as for others. In other words, the pandemic reveals not only a set of practices that is disarticulated and reorganized, but also that, given its privatized organization and concentration in one type of individual, it becomes much more fragile in that it depends almost exclusively on a subject whose possibilities of rethinking or rearticulating itself are reduced or limited.

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar como o aumento dos trabalhos de cuidado, produto da pandemia ocasionada pela covid-19, e a quebra da rede de cuidados vêm recaindo significativamente sobre as mulheres. Ao reconhecer a crise dos cuidados, que tem privilegiado um modelo individualista sobre um social ou comunitário, a pandemia revela as sobrecargas de um tipo de sujeito e as impossibilidades para pensar outras formas de cuidar. A partir da apresentação de alguns resultados, obtidos pela pesquisa “Cuidar”, realizada no Chile em maio de 2020, num contexto de quarentena estrita, fechamento do comércio e estabelecimentos educacionais, e medidas de distanciamento social, discutimos a participação de mulheres em tramas de práticas de cuidado que vão se tornando cada vez mais frágeis. Se considerarmos que as mulheres são atores-chave nessas articulações, a precarização de sua qualidade de vida afeta a capacidade da rede de apoiar e cuidar e, por consequência, a capacidade das mulheres de cuidar tanto de si mesmas quanto de outros. Isto é, a pandemia não somente mostra um conjunto de práticas que é desarticulado e reorganizado, mas também, tendo em vista sua organização privatizada e concentrada num tipo de indivíduo, se faz muito mais frágil ao passo que depende quase exclusivamente de um sujeito cujas possibilidades de repensar-se ou rearticular-se são menores ou limitadas.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever as avaliações, significados e ações típicas atribuídas às diferentes silhuetas ou volumes corporais nos meios de comunicação em Santiago do Chile. A sociologia anglo-saxônica tem documentado a discriminação sofrida pelas pessoas gordas, assumindo que as silhuetas finas são a contraparte ideal. A identificação desta forma de violência não tem sido acompanhada de modelos explicativos. O estudo aqui apresentado foi de natureza qualitativa. Em um corpo de 336 imagens coletadas, com uma baixa variabilidade em que 85% apresentam silhuetas ideais, foi realizada uma análise difratária em 13 imagens de revistas e anúncios publicitários. Os resultados descrevem quatro tipos de silhuetas com seus respectivos significados, avaliações e ações. Conclui-se que as imagens prescrevem ideais sociais que envolvem certos tipos de corporeidades, bem como certas estéticas com as quais estas ações devem ser realizadas.

ABSTRACT This work aims to describe the typical evaluations, meanings and actions that are attributed to the various silhouettes or body volumes in the media in Santiago de Chile. From Anglo-Saxon sociology the discrimination suffered by fat people has been documented, assuming that thin silhouettes are the ideal counterpart. The identification of this form of violence has not been accompanied by explanatory models. The study presented was of a qualitative nature. On a body of 336 images collected, with little variability while 85% present ideal silhouettes, a diffractive analysis was analyzed on 13 images from magazines and advertisements. The results describe four types of silhouettes with their respective meanings, valuations and actions. It is concluded that in the images social ideals are prescribed that involve certain types of corporalities, as well as certain aesthetics with which these actions must be carried out.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo es describir las valoraciones, significados y acciones típicas que se atribuyen a las diversas siluetas o volúmenes corporales en los medios de comunicación en Santiago de Chile. Desde la sociología anglosajona se ha documentado la discriminación que sufren las personas gordas, asumiéndose que las siluetas delgadas son la contraparte ideal. La identificación de esta forma de violencia no ha ido acompañada de modelos explicativos. El estudio que se presenta fue de carácter cualitativo. Sobre un cuerpo de 336 imágenes recolectadas, con una escasa variabilidad en tanto que el 85% presenta siluetas ideales, se analizó un análisis difractario sobre 13 imágenes de revistas y publicidades. En los resultados se describen cuatro tipos de siluetas con sus respectivos significados, valoraciones y acciones. Se concluye que en las imágenes se prescriben ideales sociales que involucran ciertos tipos de corporalidades, así como también ciertas estéticas con la que estas acciones deben llevarse a cabo.

RÉSUMÉ Le but de ce travail est de décrire les évaluations, les significations et les actions typiques attribuées aux différentes silhouettes ou volumes corporels dans les médias de communication à Santiago du Chili. La société anglaise a documenté la discrimination dont souffrent les personnes grasses, en supposant que les silhouettes minces sont la contrepartie idéale. L’identification de cette forme de violence n’a pas été accompagnée de modèles explicatifs. L’étude qui se présente était de caractère qualitatif. Sur un corpus de 336 images collectées, avec une faible variabilité, pour que 85% présentent des silhouettes idéales, une analyse diffractante a été analysée sur 13 images de magazines et de publicités. Les résultats décrivent quatre types de silhouettes avec leurs significations, évaluations et actions respectives. On en conclut que dans les images sont prescrits des idéaux sociaux qui impliquent certains types de corporéités, ainsi que des connaissances esthétiques avec lesquelles ces actions doivent être menées.