RESUMEN En dos experimentos se evaluó la adición de AminoGut (AG). En el Experimento 1, se utilizaron 300 pollos Ross 308 en 5 tratamientos con 3 repeticiones de 20 pollos cada una. En el Experimento 2, se emplearon 640 pollos en 4 tratamientos con 5 repeticiones de 32 pollos cada una. Los tratamientos del Exp. 1: T1.- Dieta testigo sorgo + pasta de soya, T2.- Como 1 + 700 ppm de la mezcla de AG/ ton, T3.- Como 1 + 1400 ppm de AG/ ton, T4.- Como 1 + 2100 ppm de AG/ ton, T5.- Como 1 + 2800 ppm de AG/ ton. En el Exp. 2 se eliminó el tratamiento 5. En el Experimento 1, hubo efecto (P<0.05) en comportamiento productivo y peso de la canal, con 700 ppm de AG. En el Experimento 2, mejoró la altura de vellosidades intestinales e hipersensibilidad tardía (P<0.05) con 700 ppm de AG, así como el rendimiento en canal a los 42 días. Se puede concluir que la adición de 700 ppm de AminoGut en dietas para pollos de 1 a 21 días de edad, incrementó los parámetros productivos, longitud de las vellosidades, rendimiento en canal y respuesta inmune.

Abstract In two experiments, the addition of AminoGut (AG) was evaluated. In Experiment 1, 300 Ross 308 broilers were used in five treatments with three repetitions of 20 broilers each. In Experiment 2, 640 broilers were used in four treatments with five repetitions of 32 broilers each. Exp. 1 treatments: T1.- Control diet sorghum + soybean meal, T2.- As 1 + 700 ppm of the mixture of AG/ ton, T3.- As 1 + 1400 ppm of AG/ ton, T4.- As 1 + 2100 ppm of AG/ ton, T5.- As 1 + 2800 ppm of AG/ ton. In Exp. 2, treatment 5 was eliminated. In Experiment 1, there was an effect (P<0.05) on performance and carcass weight, with 700 ppm of AG. In Experiment 2, the height of intestinal villi and late hypersensitivity (P<0.05) improved with 700 ppm of AG, as well as carcass yield at 42 days. It can be concluded that the addition of 700 ppm of AminoGut in diets in broilers from 1 to 21 days of age, increased the performance, villus length, carcass yield and immune response.

Resumen El artículo describe y analiza la implementación del programa nacional “Volvé a la Escuela” en la provincia de Chaco durante el año 2022. Para ello se basa en datos emergentes del análisis de normativas nacionales y provinciales, informes de seguimiento elaborados por el equipo técnico jurisdiccional y relatos de informantes claves que participaron en su implementación. La hipótesis que ordena este trabajo sugiere que la forma de implementar esta política socioeducativa estaría interfiriendo en las posibilidades de alcanzar su objetivo de institucionalizar propuestas pedagógicas basadas en un enfoque socioeducativo. Debido a la transitoriedad de los recursos y actividades que pone en juego el programa, y a su desarrollo en forma yuxtapuesta con las estructuras que organizan el funcionamiento del ministerio y el trabajo escolar, no sería el instrumento de política pública adecuado para generar cambios profundos y duraderos en la experiencia escolar.

Abstract The article describes and analyzes the implementation of the national program "Volvé a la Escuela" (Return to School) in the province of Chaco during the year 2022. To do so, it relies on emerging data from the analysis of national and provincial regulations, follow-up reports prepared by the jurisdictional technical team, and reports from key informants who participated in its implementation. The hypothesis guiding this work suggests that the way this socio-educational policy is implemented may be interfering with the possibilities of achieving its goal of institutionalizing pedagogical proposals based on a socio-educational approach. Due to the transitory nature of the resources and activities involved in the programme, and their development in juxtaposition with the structures that organize the functioning of the ministry and schoolwork, would not be the appropriate public policy instrument to generate profound and lasting changes in the school experience.

RESUMEN: El registro preciso de la biodiversidad tropical ha llevado a la necesidad de inventarios forestales extensos y precisos en zonas montañosas, donde las imágenes satelitales y la modelización de transferencia radiativa de los bosques han adquirido mucha relevancia. Los algoritmos de clasificación de imágenes de última generación (i.e. aprendizaje automático), aplicados con información auxiliar del relieve, se han revelado relativamente exitosos para el mapeo de tipos de bosques, sin embargo, la exactitud de la clasificación se mide solamente en promedio sobre áreas extensas, y poca atención se ha vertido en predecir las configuraciones de iluminación que en realidad causan alta incertidumbre en los resultados de la clasificación. En este artículo, se presenta una metodología basada en el simulador de imágenes Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer (DART), para determinar si los tipos de bosque son distinguibles o no en configuraciones de terreno escarpado. Este trabajo describe la comparación de escenas forestales simuladas y reales en imágenes de alta resolución espacial (4 m). El método se aplicó para la estimación de la separabilidad espectral de tres tipos de bosques (encino, pino y selva alta perennifolia) en terrenos escarpados en México. Para ángulos de incidencia solar extremos (muy pequeños o muy grandes), el bosque de pino y la selva alta resultaron indistinguibles, y en contraste, fueron distinguibles en laderas cercanas al plano perpendicular solar. En consecuencia, para incluir un máximo de configuraciones favorables de laderas, recomendamos incorporar imágenes adquiridas en la mañana y en la tarde en el entrenamiento de los algoritmos de aprendizaje automático.

ABSTRACT: The precise account of biodiversity in the tropics has prompted the need for extended and accurate forest inventories in mountainous landscapes, where satellite imagery and radiative transfer modeling of forests have acquired much relevance. Last-generation classification algorithms (i.e. machine learning) using terrain information have proven useful for mapping forest types, however, the accuracy of classifications is measured on average over a large extent, and little emphasis has been placed on predicting which illumination configurations could in fact cause high uncertainty in the classification results. This paper presents a 3D modeling approach adapted to the Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer (DART) image simulator, which indicates whether forest types are distinguishable in a set of steep terrain configurations. The approach also describes a comparison of simulated and real forest scenes on slopes at high (4 m) spatial resolution. This method was applied to estimate the spectral separability of three forest types (oak, pine, and high tropical forests) on steep terrain in Mexico. For extreme (low or high) solar incidence angles, the pine and high tropical forests were indistinguishable, and by contrast, they were distinguishable on slopes near to the solar perpendicular plane. As a consequence, to maximize favourable slope configurations, we recommend to incorporate images acquired in the morning and in the afternoon for machine learning classification algorithms.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Asthma, classically, is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways; characterized by a history of respiratory symptoms, such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough, that vary over time and in intensity. Near-fatal asthma are situations in which asthma exacerbations can lead to cardiorespiratory arrest, orotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, admission to an intensive care unit (ICU); Knowing the characteristics and risk factors that predict this situation in a patient who arrives at the emergency room is very important for early action. Clinical case: We present a 23-year-old patient with a history of asthma since he was 5 years old and irregular treatment; with a stay in the ICU and on mechanical ventilation for almost fatal asthma 8 months before; the clinical signs and the arterial blood gas analysis predicted an almost fatal asthma condition, which is why it was decided to intubate and mechanically ventilate the patient, and then transfer to the ICU with a favorable evolution and discharge 9 days after admission. Conclusion: Patient who already had a previous admission for almost fatal asthma and admission to the ICU, persistence of desaturation in the face of rescue treatment for said pathology; determining factors for deciding rapid sequence orotracheal intubation and transfer to the intensive care unit; with remission of the admission clinical picture and prompt discharge of the patient.

RESUMEN Introducción: El asma, clásicamente, se define como una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica de las vías respiratorias; caracterizado por la historia de síntomas respiratorios, como sibilancias, dificultad para respirar, opresión en el pecho y tos, que varían con el tiempo y en intensidad. El asma casi fatal son situaciones en que las exacerbaciones asmáticas pueden conducir al paro cardiorrespiratorio, intubación orotraqueal y ventilación mecánica, ingreso en una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI); conocer las características y los factores de riesgo que predicen dicha situación en un paciente que llega a emergencia es muy importante para la actuación temprana del mismo. Caso clínico: Presentamos un paciente de 23 años con antecedente de asma desde los 5 años y tratamiento irregular del mismo; con estancia en UCI y en ventilación mecánica por asma casi fatal 8 meses antes; la clínica y el examen de análisis de gases arteriales predijeron un cuadro de asma casi fatal por lo cual se decidió la intubación y ventilación mecánica del paciente, para luego pasar a UCI con evolución favorable de mismo y alta a los 9 días del ingreso. Conclusión: Paciente que ya tenía ingreso anterior por asma casi fatal y su ingreso a UCI, persistencia de desaturación ante el tratamiento de rescate para dicha patología; factores determinantes para decidir intubación orotraqueal de secuencia rápida y su pase a la unidad de cuidados intensivos; con remisión del cuadro clínico de ingreso y el alta pronta del paciente.

Resumen Los modelos de socialización de la niñez narrados en cuentos costarricenses del siglo XX posibilitan mostrar patrones culturales de socialización y su historicidad. La reflexión se orienta hacia la interrogante sobre cómo representa la narrativa costarricense nociones de niñez y modelos de socialización de la niñez en cuentos costarricenses de las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Con base en el análisis desde la Hermenéutica Profunda, se identificaron patrones de socialización, sobre todo de la niñez femenina, como recurso para intensificar el dramatismo de procesos sociales en boga durante la época que cubren. Los hallazgos se contrastan con premisas teóricas derivadas de estudios que tratan la historicidad de la niñez y los procesos socioculturales subyacentes. Los resultados develan una niñez ajena a procesos protagónicos en sus entornos de interacción sujeta a un control vertical ejercido por figuras de autoridad. Se tienden a sobrevalorar características deseables como la sumisión y la obediencia infantil y sobresale la carencia de la caracterización de un lugar social de la niñez con identidad propia. La noción de niñez es una metonimia que representa la calamidad y la decadencia, sin un auténtico cuestionamiento de su lugar sociofamiliar.

Abstract The models of childhood socialization narrated in Costa Rican tales of the 20th century make it possible to depict cultural patterns of socialization and their historicity. The reflection is oriented on the question of how the Costa Rican narrative represents notions of childhood and models of childhood socialization, in Costa Rican tales of the 20th century. The analysis from the in-depth Hermeneutics identified patterns of socialization, especially of female childhood, as a resource to intensify the drama of social processes in vogue during the time they cover. The findings are contrasted with theoretical premises derived from studies dealing with the historicity of childhood and the underlying sociocultural processes. The results reveal a childhood alien to leading processes in their interaction environments; subject to vertical control exercised by authority figures. Desirable characteristics such as child submission and obedience tend to be overestimated, and the lack of characterization of a social place in childhood with its own identity stands out. The notion of childhood is a metonymy that represents calamity and decadence, without a genuine questioning of its socio-familiar place.

ABSTRACT Ocular allergy encompasses a spectrum of pathologies mediated by hypersensitivity mechanisms that affect the ocular surface. Ocular symptoms and signs such as itching or conjunctival hyperemia are often underestimated and undertreated despite their impact on quality of life. Ocular allergy encompasses different clinical entities differentiated by their underlying pathophysiological mechanism and clinical presentation. Regarding diagnosis, the clinical history and physical examination are essential, with the investigation of a possible allergic sensitization through in vivo and in vitro tests and/or specific provocation tests. Treatment should be guided by clinical severity, and includes non-pharmacological and pharmacological measures and, in selected cases, allergen immunotherapy. This review aims to present the current multidisciplinary clinical approach to ocular allergy, focusing on its pathophysiology, classification, diagnosis and therapeutic approaches.

RESUMO A alergia ocular engloba um espetro de patologias mediadas por mecanismos de hipersensibilidade imunológica e que afetam a superfície ocular. Os sintomas e sinais oculares como o prurido ou hiperemia conjuntival são muitas vezes subvalorizados e subtratados apesar do seu impacto na qualidade de vida. As diferentes entidades englobadas na alergia ocular distinguem-se pelo seu mecanismo fisiopatológico e apresentação clínica. Para o seu diagnóstico, a história clínica e o exame objetivo são fundamentais, com eventual comprovação da existência de sensibilização a alergénios, recorrendo a testes in vivo e/ou in vitro ou através de provas de provocação. O tratamento deve ser guiado pela gravidade clínica, inclui medidas não farmacológicas e farmacológicas e, em casos selecionados, imunoterapia com alergénios. O presente artigo pretende perspetivar a atual abordagem multidisciplinar do doente com alergia ocular na prática clínica, no que concerne à sua fisiopatologia, classificação, diagnóstico e opções terapêuticas.

RESUMO A síndrome antifosfolipide é uma doença autoimune adquirida caracterizada por hipercoagulabilidade associada a tromboembolismo venoso e arterial recorrente na presença de anticorpos antifosfolipídicos. Aqui, relatamos um caso clínico de oclusão sequencial de veia e artéria da retina como primeira manifestação de uma síndrome antifosfolipíde primária desencadeada por uma infeção aguda por Mycoplasma num paciente de 11 anos previamente saudável. No primeiro dia, a oftalmoscopia revelou uma oclusão da veia central da retina. No dia seguinte, o paciente desenvolveu uma oclusão do ramo temporal da artéria central da retina. No terceiro dia, uma oclusão da artéria central da retina foi diagnosticada. Os níveis de anticoagulante lúpico sérico, anticorpos IgG anticardiolipina e IgG anti-β2-glicoproteína 1 e anticorpos IgM para Mycoplasma pneumoniae estavam aumentados. As oclusões vasculares retinianas podem ser a primeira manifestação da síndrome antifosfolipíde primária. Apesar do prognóstico visual ser reservado, o seu diagnóstico e o tratamento imediatos são essenciais para evitar outras morbilidades associadas. antifosfolipídicos Aqui saudável seguinte diagnosticada sérico antiβ2glicoproteína antiβglicoproteína anti β2 glicoproteína β aumentados reservado associadas antiβ

ABSTRACT Antiphospholipid syndrome is an acquired autoimmune disease characterized by hypercoagulability associated with recurrent venous and arterial thromboembolism in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Herein, we report a case of rapid sequential retinal vein and artery occlusion as the first manifestation of a primary antiphospholipid syndrome triggered by an acute Mycoplasma infection in a previously healthy 11-year-old patient. On day 1, ophthalmoscopy revealed a central retinal vein occlusion. The patient developed temporal branch retinal artery occlusion the next day. On day 3, a central retinal artery occlusion was observed. Serum lupus anticoagulant, immunoglobulin (Ig) G anticardiolipin, IgG anti-β2-glycoprotein 1 antibody, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM antibody levels were increased. Thus, retinal vascular occlusions can be the first manifestation of primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Although it may not improve visual prognosis, prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to avoid further significant morbidity. antibodies Herein 11yearold yearold 11 year old 3 observed anticoagulant Ig (Ig anticardiolipin antiβ2glycoprotein antiβglycoprotein anti β2 glycoprotein β increased Thus prognosis morbidity antiβ

ABSTRACT Zinnia sp. and hairy beggartick (Bidens pilosa) plants exhibiting symptoms of possible virus infection were found in the municipality of Santa Bárbara d’Oeste, São Paulo State, Brazil. Flexuous filamentous particles and cytoplasmatic inclusions typical of potyvirus infection were observed by transmission electron microscopy, respectively, in leaf extracts and cells of symptomatic leaves. Infection of both plants with bidens mottle virus (BiMoV) was confirmed by RT-PCR using potyvirus universal primers, followed by nucleotide sequencing of the amplicons. The nearly complete genome sequence of the Brazilian isolate, named BiMoV-BR, is 9700 nucleotides long and shares 95.6 % identity with the corresponding nucleotide sequence of a BiMoV isolate from the United States. BiMoV-BR was mechanically transmitted and caused systemic infection on plants of Zinnia sp., hairy beggarstick, sunflower (Helianthus annuus), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Myzus persicae transmitted the virus to Zinnia sp. plants with efficacy of 8 % and 42 %, using one and ten aphids per plant, respectively. This is the first detection of BiMoV in Brazil. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the distribution of this potyvirus in the country. sp Bidens pilosa dOeste, dOeste d Oeste, Oeste d’Oeste State Brazil microscopy respectively leaves (BiMoV RTPCR RT PCR primers amplicons BiMoVBR, BiMoVBR BR, BR 970 956 95 6 95. States beggarstick Helianthus annuus, annuus , annuus) Lactuca sativa. sativa . sativa) 4 plant country 97 9

ABSTRACT Zinc or zinc is a metallic chemical element, its atomic number is 30 and its symbol Zn, coming from its original name in German: Zink, which derives from Zinken (teeth, spikes), in allusion to the sharp appearance of the calamine mineral, in which this element is abundant. Zinc is a common element, of biological importance and of numerous industrial applications, especially as part of metallic alloys. It is a relatively reactive metal, which has four metastable states and radioactive isotopes. It is one of the least common elements; It is estimated that it is part of the Earth's crust by 0.0005-0.02%. Its main mineral is zinc blende, marmatite or sphalerite. A qualitative analysis was carried out on the dried fruit pod of S. saman by colorimetric technique, in an acidic and alkaline medium where the presence of the mineral in the dried pod could be confirmed, through the different techniques used such as: potassium ferrocyanide, dithizone and methyl violet, a result that later allowed us to quantify the mineral in the pod, yielding a high amount of Zinc that resulted in a representativeness of the element in the pod greater than 50%.

RESUMEN El zinc o cinc es un metálico, su número atómico es 30 y su símbolo Zn, proveniente de su nombre original en alemán: Zink, que deriva de Zinken (dientes, picos), en alusión al aspecto filoso del mineral calamina, en el que es abundante este elemento. El zinc es un elemento común, de importancia biológica y de numerosas aplicaciones industriales, sobre todo como parte de aleaciones metálicas. Es un metal relativamente reactivo, que tiene cuatro estados metaestables e isótopos radiactivos. Es uno de los elementos menos comunes; se estima que forma parte de la corteza terrestre en un 0.0005-0.02. Su principal mineral es la blenda, marmatita o esfalerita de zinc. Se realizó un análisis cualitativo a la vaina del fruto seco de S. saman por técnica colorimétrica, en medio ácido y alcalino donde se pudo constatar la presencia del mineral en la vaina seca, mediante las diferentes técnicas usadas como: ferrocianuro de potasio, ditizona y violeta de metilo, resultado que nos permitió posteriormente cuantificar el mineral en la vaina, arrojando alta cantidad de Zinc que dio como resultado una representatividad del elemento en la vaina superior al 50%.

ABSTRACT Symptoms of severe vein clearing, leaf rolling, and blistering were observed in cassava plants in southwestern Bahia State, Brazil. The plants were collected, vegetatively propagated, and kept in a greenhouse. Leaf samples tested positive for begomovirus infection by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Complete nucleotide sequences of DNA-A and DNA-B of isolate PSLDV-Man04 revealed 99.89 % and 96.2 % identity, respectively, with the bipartite begomovirus passionfruit severe leaf distortion virus (PSLDV) genome. This PSLDV isolate was experimentally transmitted to two and four of the five cassava plants and ten passion fruit plants, respectively, inoculated with Bemisia tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1). This is the first report of the natural infection of cassava plants by the PSLDV begomovirus in Brazil. clearing rolling State Brazil collected propagated greenhouse PCR. PCR . (PCR) DNAA DNA A DNAB B PSLDVMan04 PSLDVMan Man04 Man PSLDV-Man0 9989 99 89 99.8 962 96 2 96. identity respectively (PSLDV genome EastAsia East Asia MEAM1. MEAM1 MEAM (MEAM1) (PCR PSLDVMan0 Man0 PSLDV-Man 998 9 8 99. (MEAM1 (MEAM

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo foi determinar as diferenças na gestão do conhecimento e no capital intelectual de acordo com a idade, o gênero e o tempo de serviço dos professores da Universidade Peruana Unión 2022. Método: a metodologia de pesquisa foi quantitativa, correlacional explicativa, não experimental e de corte transversal. A amostra foi composta por 192 professores da Faculdade de Ciências Empresariais, aos quais foi aplicada uma pesquisa. Resultados: os resultados mostram diferenças significativas na gestão do conhecimento e no capital intelectual de acordo com a idade, o gênero e o tempo. Conclusões: não há diferenças significativas que impliquem uma mudança na gestão do conhecimento com relação aos dados sociodemográficos (gênero, idade e anos de trabalho). Com relação ao capital intelectual, não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas em relação aos fatores sociodemográficos (sexo, idade). Há diferenças significativas com relação ao fator sociodemográfico anos na organização. Objetivo 2022 Método quantitativa explicativa transversal 19 Empresariais Resultados Conclusões gênero, (gênero trabalho. trabalho . trabalho) sexo, sexo (sexo idade. idade) organização 202 1 20 2

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective was to determine the differences in knowledge management and intellectual capital according to age, sex, and length of service in the Universidad Peruana Unión 2022 teachers. Method: The research methodology had a quantitative approach, correlational explanatory type, non-experimental design, and cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 192 teachers from the faculty of business sciences, to whom a survey was applied. Results: The results show significant differences in knowledge management and intellectual capital according to age, sex, and time. Conclusions: No significant differences imply a change in knowledge management concerning sociodemographic data (sex, age, and years of work). No statistically significant differences in intellectual capital were found in the sociodemographic factors (sex, age). There are substantial differences concerning the sociodemographic factor years in the organization. Objective age sex 202 Method approach type nonexperimental non experimental design crosssectional cross sectional 19 sciences applied Results time Conclusions (sex work. work . work) age. age) organization 20 1 2

RESUMEN Objetivo: El objetivo fue determinar las diferencias en cuanto a gestión del conocimiento y capital intelectual según edad, sexo y tiempo de servicio en docentes de la Universidad Peruana Unión 2022. Método: La metodología de investigación tuvo enfoque cuantitativo, tipo explicativo correlacional, diseño no experimental y corte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 192 docentes de la facultad de ciencias empresariales, a los cuales se les aplicó una encuesta. Resultados: Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas de la gestión del conocimiento y el capital intelectual según edad, sexo y tiempo. Conclusiones: No existen diferencias significativas que impliquen un cambio en la gestión del conocimiento respecto a los datos sociodemográficos (sexo, edad y años de trabajo). Respecto al capital intelectual no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en relación a los factores sociodemográficos (sexo, edad). Existen diferencias significativas con el factor sociodemográfico años en la organización. Objetivo 2022 Método cuantitativo correlacional transversal 19 empresariales encuesta Resultados Conclusiones sexo, (sexo trabajo. trabajo . trabajo) edad. edad) organización 202 1 20 2

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a associação da episiotomia na função do assoalho pélvico e na ocorrência de incontinência urinária e fecal em adolescentes primíparas. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo transversal, com adolescentes primíparas de dez a 19 anos, de sete e 48 meses pré coleta de dados. As participantes preencheram um formulário contendo seus dados pessoais e ao Questionário da Consulta Internacional sobre Incontinência Urinária (IU) Short Form, Índice de Gravidade da Incontinência e à Escala de Incontinência de Jorge & Wexner. Resultados: os valores médios foram estatisticamente significativos para as variáveis analisadas. Valores médios mais baixos foram obtidos para força, resistência e número de contrações sustentadas e rápidas no grupo exposto à episiotomia, comparado ao grupo controle. A episiotomia aumentou as chances de: IU (OR= 15,2; IC95%= 8,1-28,4), alteração na qualidade de vida relacionada à IU (OR= 15,9; IC95%= 8,5-30,0), incontinência fecal (OR= 18,5; IC95%= 6,4 -5,7) e constipação intestinal (OR= 10,8; IC95%= 4,8-24,2) em adolescentes primíparas, comparado ao grupo controle. Conclusões: a episiotomia pode influenciar negativamente a função do assoalho pélvico e a contenção urinária e fecal. Os profissionais que atuam na atenção à saúde materna devem estar atentos e refletir sobre as práticas obstétricas no parto de adolescentes. Objetivos Métodos transversal 1 anos 4 (IU Form Wexner Resultados analisadas força controle OR= OR (OR 15,2 152 15 2 IC95 IC IC95% 8,128,4, 81284 8,1 28,4 , 8 28 8,1-28,4) 15,9 159 9 8,530,0, 85300 8,5 30,0 5 30 0 8,5-30,0) 18,5 185 18 64 6 6, 5,7 57 7 -5,7 10,8 108 10 4,824,2 48242 4,8 24,2 24 4,8-24,2 Conclusões 15, IC9 128 8,128,4 8128 81 8, 284 28, 8,1-28,4 530 8,530,0 8530 85 300 30, 3 8,5-30,0 18, 5, -5, 10, 824 4,824, 4824 4, 242 24, 4,8-24, 12 8,128, 812 8,1-28, 53 8,530, 853 8,5-30, -5 82 4,824 482 4,8-24 8,128 8,1-28 8,530 8,5-30 - 4,82 4,8-2 8,12 8,1-2 8,53 8,5-3 4,8- 8,1- 8,5-

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the association of episiotomy with pelvic floor function and the occurrence of urinary and fecal incontinence in primiparous adolescents. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted with primiparous adolescents aged ten to 19 years, seven and 48 months before data collection. Participants completed a form containing their personal data and the International Consultation on Urinary Incontinence (UI) Short Form, Incontinence Severity Index and the Jorge & Wexner Incontinence Scale. Results: the mean values were statistically significant for the variables analyzed. Lower mean values were obtained for strength, endurance and number of sustained and rapid contractions in the group exposed to episiotomy, compared to the control group. Episiotomy increased the odds of: UI (OR= 15.2; CI95%= 8.1-28.4), UI-related changes in quality of life (OR= 15.9; CI95%= 8.5-30.0), fecal incontinence (OR= 18.5; CI95%= 6.4-5.7) and constipation (OR= 10.8; CI95%= 4.8-24.2) in primiparous adolescents, compared to the control group. Conclusions: episiotomy can negatively influence pelvic floor function and urinary and fecal retention. Professionals working in maternal health care should be aware of and reflect on obstetric practices during childbirth in adolescents. Objectives Methods crosssectional cross sectional 1 years 4 collection (UI Form Scale Results analyzed strength OR= OR (OR 15.2 152 15 2 CI95 CI CI95% 8.128.4, 81284 8.1 28.4 , 8 28 8.1-28.4) UIrelated related 15.9 159 9 8.530.0, 85300 8.5 30.0 5 30 0 8.5-30.0) 18.5 185 18 6.45.7 6457 6.4 5.7 6 7 6.4-5.7 10.8 108 10 4.824.2 48242 4.8 24.2 24 4.8-24.2 Conclusions retention 15. CI9 128 8.128.4 8128 81 8. 284 28. 8.1-28.4 530 8.530.0 8530 85 300 30. 3 8.5-30.0 18. 45 6.45. 645 64 6. 57 5. 6.4-5. 10. 824 4.824. 4824 4. 242 24. 4.8-24. 12 8.128. 812 8.1-28. 53 8.530. 853 8.5-30. 6.45 6.4-5 82 4.824 482 4.8-24 8.128 8.1-28 8.530 8.5-30 6.4- 4.82 4.8-2 8.12 8.1-2 8.53 8.5-3 4.8- 8.1- 8.5-

RESUMEN Introducción: El traumatismo craneoencefálico en edades pediátricas constituye un problema de salud relevante a nivel mundial y en Cuba. Objetivo: Determinar los factores pronósticos del trauma craneoencefálico grave en niños que requirieron craneotomía descompresiva. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal correlacional, de tipo serie de casos, en el Servicio de Neurocirugía del Hospital Pediátrico de Camagüey durante el período comprendido desde enero de 2019 a diciembre de 2021. Fueron estudiados un total de 27 niños con traumatismo craneoencefálico grave, que cumplieron con los criterios de selección de la investigación. Las variables analizadas incluyeron: grupo etario, sexo, intensidad de la lesión, técnica quirúrgica, perfusión cerebral y resultados quirúrgicos obtenidos. Resultados: Predominó el grupo etario de 11-18 años (45,5 %) y el sexo masculino (72,7 %). El mayor puntaje en la variable intensidad de la lesión correspondió con la realización de craneotomías bilaterales (media = 78,63). Se halló disminución significativa (p = 0,024) de la perfusión cerebral en los pacientes con edad menor o igual a 8 años (media = 61,6387) y se encontró más disminuida en los pacientes que requirieron craneotomía bilateral (p = 0,001). Los peores resultados obtenidos correspondieron a los pacientes con edad biológica igual o menor a 8 años, que requirieron craneotomía bilateral. Conclusiones: La edad menor a 8 años se relacionó con mayor deterioro de la perfusión cerebral y peores resultados. La necesidad de craneotomías bilaterales se asoció con mayor intensidad de la lesión encefálica, presión intracraneal preoperatoria más elevada y deterioro de la perfusión cerebral.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cranioencephalic trauma in pediatric ages is a relevant health problem worldwide and in Cuba. Objective: To determine the prognostic factors of severe cranioencephalic trauma in children who required decompressive craniotomy. Methods: A cross-sectional and correlational study of case series type was carried out at the neurosurgery service of Hospital Pediátrico de Camagüey during the period from January 2019 to December 2021. A total of 27 children with severe cranioencephalic trauma who met the research selection criteria were studied. The analyzed variables included age group, sex, injury intensity, surgical technique, cerebral perfusion and obtained surgical outcomes. Results: The age group 11-18 years (45.5 %) and male sex (72.7 %) predominated. The highest score in the variable injury intensity corresponded to the realization of bilateral craniotomies (mean = 78.63). A significant decrease (p = 0.024) in cerebral perfusion was found in patients aged 8 years or under (mean = 61.6387) and it was found to be more diminished in patients who required bilateral craniotomy (p = 0.001). The worst obtained outcomes corresponded to patients with a biological age of 8 years or under, who required bilateral craniotomy. Conclusions: Age under 8 years was associated with greater cerebral perfusion impairment and worse outcomes. The need for bilateral craniotomies was associated with greater intensity of the encephalic injury, higher preoperative intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion impairment.

Abstract. Mercury (Hg) is mainly incorporated into humans through the consumption of contaminated foods. Mercury was measured and the methyl-Hg (MeHg) concentration was estimated in canned mollusks sold in northwestern Mexico to assess the health risk to consumers. Five mollusk types were considered: oysters, clams, octopuses, mussels, and squids. The Hg concentration of mussels was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of the other bivalves (oysters and clams) and cephalopods (squids and octopuses). The average Hg concentration in bivalves (0.013 mg·kg-1) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of cephalopods (0.018 mg·kg-1). The estimated MeHg concentrations were also lower in bivalves than in cephalopods. Based on our results, no health risk is associated with the consumption of canned mollusks that are sold in northwestern Mexico. The Hg and MeHg concentrations followed the order of octopuses > squids = clams > oysters > mussels. The Hg and MeHg concentrations in the mollusks evaluated in this study were below the maximum permissible limits for human consumption in Mexico.

Resumen. El mercurio (Hg) se incorpora principalmente en los seres humanos a través del consumo de alimentos contaminados. Se midió el Hg y se estimó el metilmercurio (MeHg) en moluscos enlatados que se venden en el noroeste de México para evaluar el riesgo para la salud de los consumidores. Se consideraron 5 tipos de moluscos: ostiones, almejas, pulpos, mejillones y calamares. La concentración de Hg en los mejillones fue significativamente (P < 0.05) más baja que la de los otros bivalvos (ostras y almejas) y cefalópodos (calamares y pulpos). La concentración promedio de Hg en los bivalvos (0.013 mg·kg-1) fue significativamente (P < 0.05) menor que la de los cefalópodos (0.018 mg·kg-1). Las concentraciones estimadas de MeHg también fueron menores en los bivalvos que en los cefalópodos. De acuerdo con nuestros resultados, no existe riesgo relacionado con el consumo de moluscos enlatados en el noroeste de México. La secuencia de las concentraciones de Hg fue pulpos > calamares = almejas > ostiones > mejillones. Las concentraciones de Hg y MeHg en los moluscos evaluados en este estudio estaban por debajo de los límites máximos permitidos para el consumo humano en México.

Abstract: Introduction: oseltamivir is a potent inhibitor of the neuraminidase of the influenza virus, which shortens the duration of influenza symptoms. Objective: to describe the clinical outcome of using oseltamivir suspension in children with influenza or influenza-like illness. Material and methods: clinical, observational, prospective, and multicenter study. Population: children aged two to 12 years diagnosed with influenza or influenza-like illness who received oseltamivir suspension (Seltaferon®) for five days. The outcome measures were clinical evolution (assessed by CARIFS scale) and frequency of adverse events (AEs). Results: 35 patients were included, with a mean age of 5.2 ± 2.7 years. By day 5, 32 patients had clinical improvement; Regarding safety, there were eight patients in whom 18 AEs were recorded, which were mild or moderate. Conclusions: oseltamivir suspension is effective and safe in pediatric population with influenza.

Resumen: Introducción: oseltamivir es un potente inhibidor de la neuraminidasa del virus de influenza, que acorta la duración de los síntomas de influenza. Objetivo: describir los resultados clínicos del uso de oseltamivir suspensión en niños con influenza o enfermedad tipo influenza. Material y métodos: estudio clínico, observacional, prospectivo y multicéntrico. Población: niños de dos a 12 años con diagnóstico de influenza o enfermedad tipo influenza que recibieron oseltamivir suspensión (Seltaferon®) durante cinco días. Las variables de resultado fueron: evolución clínica (evaluado por escala CARIFS) y la frecuencia de eventos adversos (EA). Resultados: se incluyeron 35 pacientes; promedio de edad, 5.2 ± 2.7 años. Para el día 5, 32 pacientes tuvieron mejoría clínica; en cuanto a seguridad, hubo ocho pacientes en quienes se registraron 18 EA, los cuales fueron leves o moderados. Conclusiones: oseltamivir suspensión es un tratamiento efectivo y seguro en población pediátrica con influenza.