Abstract The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and associated factors in Brazilian adults that reported chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), mental disorders (MDs), and infectious diseases (IDs). This was a secondary analysis of the 3rd National Survey on Drug Use by the Brazilian Population in which the principal outcome was presence of AUD. Prevalence of AUD was estimated for three subgroups: individuals that reported NCDs, MDs, and IDs. Factors associated with AUD in each group were analyzed using logistic regression models. Of the 15,645 adults interviewed, 30.5% (95%CI: 29.4-31.5) reported NCDs, 17.6% (95%CI: 16.5-18.7) MDs, and 1.6% (95%CI: 1.2-1.9) IDs. Considering comorbidities, the analytical sample was 6,612. No statistically significant difference was found in the prevalence of AUD between individuals with NCDs (7.5% [95%CI: 6.1- 8.7]), MDs (8.4% [95%CI: 6.7-10.2]), and IDs (12.4% [95%CI: 7.0-17.8]). The main factors associated with AUD in all the groups were male sex and young adult age. Considering the high prevalence of AUD in all the groups, systematic screening of AUD is necessary in health services that treat NCDs, MDs, and IDs.

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é estimar a prevalência de transtornos relacionados ao uso de álcool (TRA) e fatores associados entre indivíduos da população brasileira que reportaram doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis (DCNT), transtornos mentais (TM) e doenças infeciosas (DI). Análise secundária do III Levantamento Nacional sobre o Uso de Drogas pela População Brasileira, cujo desfecho principal foi a presença de TRA. A prevalência de TRA foi estimada para três subgrupos: indivíduos que reportaram DCNT, TM e DI. Os fatores associados a TRA dentro de cada grupo foram analisados utilizando modelos de regressão logística. Dos 15.645 adultos entrevistados, 30,5% (IC95%: 29,4-31,5) reportaram DCNT, 17,6% (IC95%: 16,5-18,7) TM e 1,6% (IC95%: 1,2-1,9) DI. Considerando as comorbidades, a amostra analítica foi de 6.612. Não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa na prevalência de TRA entre indivíduos com DCNT (7,5% [IC95% 6,1-8,7]), TM (8,4% [IC95% 6,7-10,2]) e DI (12,4% [IC95% 7,0-17,8]). Os principais fatores associados a TRA, em todos os grupos, foram ser do sexo masculino e jovem. Considerando a alta prevalência de TRA em todos os grupos é necessário seu rastreio sistemático em serviços de saúde que atendam DCNT, TM e DI.

RESUMO Objetivo Estimar a prevalência do consumo concomitante de substâncias e analisar fatores de risco associados em uma amostra não probabilística da população brasileira de mulheres trans e travestis. Métodos Estudo transversal, com recrutamento por meio da metodologia respondent-driven sampling. A amostra incluiu mulheres trans e travestis residentes em São Paulo, Porto Alegre, Salvador, Manaus e Campo Grande, maiores de 18 anos, entre 2019 e 2021. O desfecho foi o uso concomitante de substâncias lícitas e ilícitas. A associação entre fatores sociodemográficos/comportamentais e o desfecho foi analisada com regressão de Poisson com efeitos mistos, estimando-se razões de prevalência ajustadas (intervalo de confiança de 95% – IC95%). Resultados A prevalência nos últimos 12 meses de uso de múltiplas substâncias foi de 49,3%, sendo 65,5% álcool, 52,9% tabaco e 40,1% maconha. Mulheres trans e travestis que usam múltiplas substâncias enfrentam mais violência (1,71; IC95% 1,14–2,55), desemprego (1,58; IC95% 1,05–2,37) e trabalho instável (1,52; IC95% 1,08–2,14), sexo transacional (1,51; IC95% 1,21–1,88), que pode ser a única opção de sustento, e têm de 18 a 24 anos (1,37; IC95% 1,14–1,65). Conclusão O uso de múltiplas substâncias pode ser uma tentativa de lidar com o sofrimento e a marginalização. O uso de substâncias tem sido associado a múltiplos danos e condições médicas. Uma gestão integral e cuidados abrangentes devem ser providenciados, conforme definido pelos princípios-chave do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil. Os cuidados de saúde devem ser integrados em intervenções estruturais. transversal respondentdriven respondent driven sampling Paulo Alegre Salvador Grande 1 201 2021 ilícitas sociodemográficoscomportamentais sociodemográficos comportamentais mistos estimandose estimando se intervalo 95 IC95%. IC95 IC . IC95%) 493 49 3 49,3% 655 65 5 65,5 álcool 529 52 9 52,9 401 40 40,1 maconha 1,71 171 71 (1,71 1,14–2,55, 114255 1,14–2,55 , 14 2 55 1,14–2,55) 1,58 158 58 (1,58 1,05–2,37 105237 05 37 1,52 152 (1,52 1,08–2,14, 108214 1,08–2,14 08 1,08–2,14) 1,51 151 51 (1,51 1,21–1,88, 121188 1,21–1,88 21 88 1,21–1,88) sustento 1,37 137 (1,37 1,14–1,65. 114165 1,14–1,65 1,14–1,65) marginalização médicas providenciados princípioschave princípios chave Brasil estruturais 20 202 IC9 4 49,3 6 65, 52, 40, 1,7 17 7 (1,7 11425 1,14–2,5 1,5 15 (1,5 1,05–2,3 10523 0 10821 1,08–2,1 12118 1,21–1,8 8 1,3 13 (1,3 11416 1,14–1,6 49, 1, (1, 1142 1,14–2, 1,05–2, 1052 1082 1,08–2, 1211 1,21–1, 1141 1,14–1, (1 114 1,14–2 1,05–2 105 108 1,08–2 121 1,21–1 1,14–1 ( 11 1,14– 1,05– 10 1,08– 1,21– 1,14 1,05 1,08 1,21 1,1 1,0 1,2

ABSTRACT Objective To estimate the prevalence of concomitant substance consumption and analyze associated risk factors in a non-probabilistic sample of the Brazilian population of transgender women and travestis. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with recruitment via respondent-driven sampling. The sample included transgender women and travestis residing in São Paulo, Porto Alegre, Salvador, Manaus, and Campo Grande, aged 18 years or older, between 2019 and 2021. The outcome was the concomitant use of licit and illicit substances. The association between sociodemographic/behavioral factors and the outcome was analyzed through Poisson regression with mixed effects. Adjusted prevalence ratios (confidence interval of 95% — 95%CI) were estimated. Results The prevalence in the last 12 months of multiple substance use was 49.3%, of which 65.5% were alcohol, 52.9% tobacco, and 40.1% marijuana. Transgender women and travestis who use multiple substances face more violence (1.71; 95%CI 1.14–2.55), unemployment (1.58; 95%CI 1.05–2.37) and pervasive unstable work status (1.52; 95%CI 1.08–2.14), transactional sex (1.51; 95%CI 1.21–1.88) which can be their sole option to make a living, and are aged 18 to 24 years (1.37; 95%CI 1.14–1.65). Conclusion The use of multiple substances may be an attempt to cope with distress and marginalization. Substance use has been associated with multiple harms and medical conditions. Comprehensive management and care should be provided, as defined by the key principles of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Health care should be integrated into structural interventions. nonprobabilistic non probabilistic crosssectional cross sectional respondentdriven respondent driven sampling Paulo Alegre Salvador Manaus Grande 1 older 201 2021 sociodemographicbehavioral sociodemographic behavioral effects confidence 95 95CI CI estimated 493 49 3 49.3% 655 65 5 65.5 alcohol 529 52 9 52.9 tobacco 401 40 40.1 marijuana 1.71 171 71 (1.71 1.14–2.55, 114255 1.14–2.55 , 14 2 55 1.14–2.55) 1.58 158 58 (1.58 1.05–2.37 105237 05 37 1.52 152 (1.52 1.08–2.14, 108214 1.08–2.14 08 1.08–2.14) 1.51 151 51 (1.51 1.21–1.88 121188 21 88 living 1.37 137 (1.37 1.14–1.65. 114165 1.14–1.65 . 1.14–1.65) marginalization conditions provided System interventions 20 202 4 49.3 6 65. 52. 40. 1.7 17 7 (1.7 11425 1.14–2.5 1.5 15 (1.5 1.05–2.3 10523 0 10821 1.08–2.1 1.21–1.8 12118 8 1.3 13 (1.3 11416 1.14–1.6 49. 1. (1. 1142 1.14–2. 1.05–2. 1052 1082 1.08–2. 1.21–1. 1211 1141 1.14–1. (1 114 1.14–2 1.05–2 105 108 1.08–2 1.21–1 121 1.14–1 ( 11 1.14– 1.05– 10 1.08– 1.21– 1.14 1.05 1.08 1.21 1.1 1.0 1.2

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é estimar a prevalência de transtornos relacionados ao uso de álcool (TRA) e fatores associados entre indivíduos da população brasileira que reportaram doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis (DCNT), transtornos mentais (TM) e doenças infeciosas (DI). Análise secundária do III Levantamento Nacional sobre o Uso de Drogas pela População Brasileira, cujo desfecho principal foi a presença de TRA. A prevalência de TRA foi estimada para três subgrupos: indivíduos que reportaram DCNT, TM e DI. Os fatores associados a TRA dentro de cada grupo foram analisados utilizando modelos de regressão logística. Dos 15.645 adultos entrevistados, 30,5% (IC95%: 29,4-31,5) reportaram DCNT, 17,6% (IC95%: 16,5-18,7) TM e 1,6% (IC95%: 1,2-1,9) DI. Considerando as comorbidades, a amostra analítica foi de 6.612. Não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa na prevalência de TRA entre indivíduos com DCNT (7,5% [IC95% 6,1-8,7]), TM (8,4% [IC95% 6,7-10,2]) e DI (12,4% [IC95% 7,0-17,8]). Os principais fatores associados a TRA, em todos os grupos, foram ser do sexo masculino e jovem. Considerando a alta prevalência de TRA em todos os grupos é necessário seu rastreio sistemático em serviços de saúde que atendam DCNT, TM e DI. (TRA nãotransmissíveis não transmissíveis , (DCNT) (TM . (DI) Brasileira subgrupos logística 15645 15 645 15.64 entrevistados 305 30 5 30,5 IC95% IC95 IC (IC95% 29,431,5 294315 29,4 31,5 29 4 31 29,4-31,5 176 17 6 17,6 16,518,7 165187 16,5 18,7 16 18 7 16,5-18,7 1 1,6 1,21,9 1219 1,2 1,9 2 9 1,2-1,9 comorbidades 6612 612 6.612 7,5% 75 (7,5 [IC95 6,18,7, 6187 6,1 8,7 8 6,1-8,7]) 8,4% 84 (8,4 6,710,2 67102 6,7 10,2 10 6,7-10,2] 12,4% 124 12 (12,4 7,017,8. 70178 7,0 17,8 0 7,0-17,8]) jovem (DCNT (DI 1564 64 15.6 3 30, IC9 (IC95 431 29,431, 29431 294 29, 315 31, 29,4-31, 17, 518 16,518, 16518 165 16, 187 18, 16,5-18, 1, 21 1,21, 121 19 1,2-1, 661 61 6.61 7,5 (7, [IC9 6,18,7 618 6, 87 8, 6,1-8,7] 8,4 (8, 710 6,710, 6710 67 102 10, 6,7-10,2 12,4 (12, 017 7,017,8 7017 70 7, 178 7,0-17,8] 156 15. (IC9 43 29,431 2943 29,4-31 51 16,518 1651 16,5-18 1,21 1,2-1 66 6.6 (7 [IC 6,18, 6,1-8,7 (8 71 6,710 671 6,7-10, 12, (12 01 7,017, 701 7,0-17,8 (IC 29,43 29,4-3 16,51 16,5-1 1,2- 6. ( 6,18 6,1-8, 6,71 6,7-10 (1 7,017 7,0-17, 29,4- 16,5- 6,1-8 6,7-1 7,01 7,0-17 6,1- 6,7- 7,0-1 7,0-

Abstract The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and associated factors in Brazilian adults that reported chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), mental disorders (MDs), and infectious diseases (IDs). This was a secondary analysis of the 3rd National Survey on Drug Use by the Brazilian Population in which the principal outcome was presence of AUD. Prevalence of AUD was estimated for three subgroups: individuals that reported NCDs, MDs, and IDs. Factors associated with AUD in each group were analyzed using logistic regression models. Of the 15,645 adults interviewed, 30.5% (95%CI: 29.4-31.5) reported NCDs, 17.6% (95%CI: 16.5-18.7) MDs, and 1.6% (95%CI: 1.2-1.9) IDs. Considering comorbidities, the analytical sample was 6,612. No statistically significant difference was found in the prevalence of AUD between individuals with NCDs (7.5% [95%CI: 6.1- 8.7]), MDs (8.4% [95%CI: 6.7-10.2]), and IDs (12.4% [95%CI: 7.0-17.8]). The main factors associated with AUD in all the groups were male sex and young adult age. Considering the high prevalence of AUD in all the groups, systematic screening of AUD is necessary in health services that treat NCDs, MDs, and IDs. (AUD , (NCDs) (MDs) . (IDs) rd subgroups models 15645 15 645 15,64 interviewed 305 30 5 30.5 95%CI 95CI CI 95 (95%CI 29.431.5 294315 29.4 31.5 29 4 31 29.4-31.5 176 17 6 17.6 16.518.7 165187 16.5 18.7 16 18 7 16.5-18.7 1 1.6 1.21.9 1219 1.2 1.9 2 9 1.2-1.9 comorbidities 6612 612 6,612 7.5% 75 (7.5 [95%CI 6.1 61 8.7, 87 8.7 8 8.7]) 8.4% 84 (8.4 6.710.2, 67102 6.7 10.2 10 6.7-10.2]) 12.4% 124 12 (12.4 7.017.8. 70178 7.0 17.8 0 7.0-17.8]) age (NCDs (MDs (IDs 1564 64 15,6 3 30. 431 29.431. 29431 294 29. 315 31. 29.4-31. 17. 518 16.518. 16518 165 16. 187 18. 16.5-18. 1. 21 1.21. 121 19 1.2-1. 661 6,61 7.5 (7. 6. 8. 8.7] 8.4 (8. 710 6.710.2 6710 67 102 10. 6.7-10.2] 12.4 (12. 017 7.017.8 7017 70 7. 178 7.0-17.8] 156 15, 43 29.431 2943 29.4-31 51 16.518 1651 16.5-18 1.21 1.2-1 66 6,6 (7 (8 71 6.710. 671 6.7-10.2 12. (12 01 7.017. 701 7.0-17.8 29.43 29.4-3 16.51 16.5-1 1.2- 6, ( 6.710 6.7-10. (1 7.017 7.0-17. 29.4- 16.5- 6.71 6.7-10 7.01 7.0-17 6.7-1 7.0-1 6.7- 7.0-

This is the second part of the Brazilian S20 mental health report. The mental health working group is dedicated to leveraging scientific insights to foster innovation and propose actionable recommendations for implementation in Brazil and participating countries. In addressing the heightened mental health challenges in a post-pandemic world, strategies should encompass several key elements. This second part of the S20 Brazilian Mental Health Report will delve into some of these elements, including: the impact of climate change on mental health, the influence of environmental factors on neurodevelopmental disorders, the intersection of serious mental illness and precision psychiatry, the co-occurrence of physical and mental disorders, advancements in biomarkers for mental disorders, the use of digital health in mental health care, the implementation of interventional psychiatry, and the design of innovative mental health systems that integrate principles of innovation and human rights. Reassessing the treatment settings for psychiatric patients in general hospitals, where their mental health and physical needs are addressed, should be prioritized in mental health policy. As the S20 countries prepare for the future, we need principles that can advance innovation, uphold human rights, and strive for the highest standards in mental health care. S S2 report postpandemic post pandemic world elements including disorders psychiatry cooccurrence co occurrence care rights hospitals addressed policy future

ABSTRACT Objective To estimate the prevalence of concomitant substance consumption and analyze associated risk factors in a non-probabilistic sample of the Brazilian population of transgender women and travestis. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with recruitment via respondent-driven sampling. The sample included transgender women and travestis residing in São Paulo, Porto Alegre, Salvador, Manaus, and Campo Grande, aged 18 years or older, between 2019 and 2021. The outcome was the concomitant use of licit and illicit substances. The association between sociodemographic/behavioral factors and the outcome was analyzed through Poisson regression with mixed effects. Adjusted prevalence ratios (confidence interval of 95% — 95%CI) were estimated. Results The prevalence in the last 12 months of multiple substance use was 49.3%, of which 65.5% were alcohol, 52.9% tobacco, and 40.1% marijuana. Transgender women and travestis who use multiple substances face more violence (1.71; 95%CI 1.14–2.55), unemployment (1.58; 95%CI 1.05–2.37) and pervasive unstable work status (1.52; 95%CI 1.08–2.14), transactional sex (1.51; 95%CI 1.21–1.88) which can be their sole option to make a living, and are aged 18 to 24 years (1.37; 95%CI 1.14–1.65). Conclusion The use of multiple substances may be an attempt to cope with distress and marginalization. Substance use has been associated with multiple harms and medical conditions. Comprehensive management and care should be provided, as defined by the key principles of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Health care should be integrated into structural interventions.

RESUMO Objetivo Estimar a prevalência do consumo concomitante de substâncias e analisar fatores de risco associados em uma amostra não probabilística da população brasileira de mulheres trans e travestis. Métodos Estudo transversal, com recrutamento por meio da metodologia respondent-driven sampling. A amostra incluiu mulheres trans e travestis residentes em São Paulo, Porto Alegre, Salvador, Manaus e Campo Grande, maiores de 18 anos, entre 2019 e 2021. O desfecho foi o uso concomitante de substâncias lícitas e ilícitas. A associação entre fatores sociodemográficos/comportamentais e o desfecho foi analisada com regressão de Poisson com efeitos mistos, estimando-se razões de prevalência ajustadas (intervalo de confiança de 95% – IC95%). Resultados A prevalência nos últimos 12 meses de uso de múltiplas substâncias foi de 49,3%, sendo 65,5% álcool, 52,9% tabaco e 40,1% maconha. Mulheres trans e travestis que usam múltiplas substâncias enfrentam mais violência (1,71; IC95% 1,14–2,55), desemprego (1,58; IC95% 1,05–2,37) e trabalho instável (1,52; IC95% 1,08–2,14), sexo transacional (1,51; IC95% 1,21–1,88), que pode ser a única opção de sustento, e têm de 18 a 24 anos (1,37; IC95% 1,14–1,65). Conclusão O uso de múltiplas substâncias pode ser uma tentativa de lidar com o sofrimento e a marginalização. O uso de substâncias tem sido associado a múltiplos danos e condições médicas. Uma gestão integral e cuidados abrangentes devem ser providenciados, conforme definido pelos princípios-chave do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil. Os cuidados de saúde devem ser integrados em intervenções estruturais.

ABSTRACT Syndemic psychosocial and reproductive factors affecting women’s retention in HIV care remain understudied. We analyzed correlates of non-retention in a cohort of women with HIV in Brazil from 2000–2015. Participants self-reported exposure to physical/sexual violence, illicit drug use, adolescent pregnancy, or induced abortion. Lifetime history of these psychosocial stressors were used to create a syndemic score based on the presence or absence of these conditions. All dichotomous variables were summed (range 0 to 4), with greater scores indicating more syndemic factors experienced. Logistic regression models identified predictors of non-retention, defined as < 2 HIV viral load or CD4 results within the first year of enrollment. Of 915 women, non-retention was observed for 18%. Prevalence of syndemic factors was adolescent pregnancy (53.2%), physical/sexual violence (38.3%), induced abortion (27.3%), and illicit drug use (17.2%); 41.2% experienced > 2 syndemic conditions. Syndemic scores of 2 and 3 were associated with non-retention, as well as low education, years with HIV and seroprevalent syphilis. Psychosocial and reproductive syndemics can limit women’s retention in HIV care. Syphilis infection predicted non-retention and could be explored as a syndemic factor in future studies. womens s understudied nonretention non 20002015 2000 2015 2000–2015 selfreported self reported physicalsexual physical sexual conditions range 4, 4 , 4) nonretention, retention, CD enrollment 91 18 18% 53.2%, 532 53.2% 53 (53.2%) 38.3%, 383 38.3% 38 (38.3%) 27.3%, 273 27.3% 27 (27.3%) 17.2% 172 17 (17.2%) 412 41 41.2 education syphilis studies 2000201 200 201 2000–201 9 1 53.2 5 (53.2% 38.3 (38.3% 27.3 (27.3% 17.2 (17.2% 41. 200020 20 2000–20 53. (53.2 38. (38.3 27. (27.3 17. (17.2 20002 2000–2 (53. (38. (27. (17. 2000– (53 (38 (27 (17 (5 (3 (2 (1 (

Objectives: Previous studies have estimated the 30-day prevalence of alcohol use to be approximately 21% among youth in Brazil, despite the legal drinking age of 18 years. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of underage drinking and its associated factors among adolescents in Brazil. Methods: The 3rd National Survey on Drug Use by the Brazilian Population (III Levantamento Nacional sobre o Uso de Drogas pela População Brasileira) is a nationwide, multi-stage, probability-sample household survey. Herein, youth between the ages of 12-17 years were included. Lifetime and 12-month alcohol use prevalence were estimated. Factors associated with 12-month alcohol use were evaluated through multivariate analysis considering survey weights and design. Results: Overall, 628 youth were interviewed. Estimated lifetime and 12-month alcohol use were 34.3% (standard error [SE] = 1.9) and 22.2% (SE = 1.7), respectively. Factors associated with 12-month drinking were: other/no religion vs. Christianity; living in rural vs. urban areas; self-reported diagnosis of depression vs. no self-reported depression; lifetime tobacco use vs. no history of tobacco use; and any illicit drug use vs. no history of illicit drug use. Conclusion: Considering that alcohol use is a major risk factor for early death among Brazilian youth, our findings highlight the importance of preventative measures to reduce underage drinking.

O uso nocivo do álcool é um importante fator de risco para a carga global de doença e políticas públicas são as mais eficazes medidas de prevenção. Pesquisas populacionais são marcos para planejar, implementar e monitorar estas políticas. No entanto, existem inúmeras formas de medir o consumo de álcool que podem resultar em diferentes indicadores. Pesquisadores e interessados devem encontrar um ponto em comum na compreensão dessas medidas para evitar interpretações erradas e confusões no campo. Responder aos “5 Ws da Epidemiologia” ao interpretar informações relacionadas ao álcool pode ser útil para melhorar essa comunicação, bem como a reprodutibilidade e a comparabilidade dos achados da pesquisa. Este artigo busca exemplificar essa abordagem, descrevendo alguns indicadores do Sistema de Informação Global sobre Álcool e Saúde (GISAH) da Organização Mundial da Saúde e os dados correspondentes disponíveis nas últimas pesquisas domiciliares brasileiras. Nenhuma das pesquisas brasileiras relata todos os nove indicadores selecionados no GISAH, e apenas duas forneceram os detalhes metodológicos necessários para serem totalmente reprodutíveis. Uma agenda mais forte é de extrema importância para o avanço no monitoramento e prevenção de danos relacionados ao consumo de álcool no Brasil.

The harmful use of alcohol is a major risk factor for the global burden of disease, and public policies are the most effective strategies to prevent it. Population-based surveys are milestones for planning, implementing, and monitoring those policies. However, there are numerous ways to measure alcohol consumption which may result in different indicators. Researchers and stakeholders should find common ground in the understanding of these measures to avoid misinterpretation and confusion in the field. Answering to the “Five W’s Epidemiology”, when interpreting alcohol-related information, may improve the communication, as well as reproducibility and comparability of research findings. This paper aims to exemplify this approach by describing some indicators from the World Health Organization’s Global Information System on Alcohol and Health (GISAH) and the corresponding data available from the latest Brazilian household surveys. Notably, none of the Brazilian surveys reports on all the nine selected GISAH indicators, and only two provided the necessary methodological details to be fully reproducible. A stronger agenda is of the utmost importancefor advancing in the monitoring and prevention of alcohol-related harms in Brazil.

El uso nocivo del alcohol es uno de los principales factores de riesgo de la carga de enfermedad en todo el mundo, y las políticas sobre el alcohol son las estrategias más eficaces para prevenirlo. Las encuestas basadas en la población son un hito para planificar, aplicar y supervisar esas políticas. Sin embargo, existen incontables formas de medir el consumo de alcohol que pueden dar lugar a indicadores diversos. Los investigadores y las partes interesadas deben encontrar un terreno común en la comprensión de estas medidas para evitar interpretaciones erróneas y confusión en el campo. Responder a las “5 W de Epidemiología” siempre que se interprete la información relacionada con el alcohol, puede ser útil para mejorar esta comunicación, así como la reproducibilidad y la comparabilidad de los resultados de la investigación. Este artículo pretende ejemplificar este enfoque describiendo algunos indicadores del Sistema de Información Global sobre Alcohol y Salud (GISAH) de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y los datos correspondientes disponibles en las últimas encuestas de hogares brasileñas. Cabe destacar que ninguna de las encuestas brasileñas informa sobre los nueve indicadores seleccionados del GISAH, y sólo dos de ellas proporcionaron los detalles metodológicos necesarios para ser totalmente reproducibles. Una agenda más sólida es de suma importancia para avanzar en el seguimiento y la prevención de los daños relacionados con el alcohol en Brasil.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the support of the Brazilian population to the alcohol-policies proposed by the World Health Organization to decrease alcohol harm (specifically: to decrease alcohol availability and advertising, and to increase pricing). In addition, we evaluated the factors associated with being against those policies. METHODS Data from 16,273 Brazilians, aged 12–65 years, interviewed in the 3rd Brazilian Household Survey on Substance Use (BHSU-3) were analyzed. The BHSU-3 is a nationwide, probability survey conducted in 2015. Individuals were asked if they would be against, neutral, or in favor of seven alcohol policies grouped as: 1) Strengthen restrictions on alcohol availability; 2) Enforce bans or restrictions on alcohol advertising, sponsorship, and promotion; and 3) Raise prices on alcohol through excise taxes and pricing. Generalized linear models were fitted to evaluate factors associated with being against each one of those policies and against all of policies. RESULTS Overall, 28% of the Brazilians supported all the above mentioned policies, whereas 16% were against them. The highest rate of approval refers to restricting advertising (53%), the lowest refers to increasing prices (40%). Factors associated with being against all policies were: being male (AOR = 1.1; 95%CI: 1.0–1.3), not having a religion (AOR = 1.4; 95%CI: 1.1–1.8), being catholic (AOR = 1.3; 95%CI: 1.1–1.5), and alcohol dependence (AOR = 1.6; 95%CI: 1.1–2.4). CONCLUSIONS The Brazilian government could count on the support of most of the population to restrict alcohol advertising. This information is essential to tackle the lobby of the alcohol industry and its clever marketing strategy.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the support of the Brazilian population to the alcohol-policies proposed by the World Health Organization to decrease alcohol harm (specifically: to decrease alcohol availability and advertising, and to increase pricing). In addition, we evaluated the factors associated with being against those policies. METHODS Data from 16,273 Brazilians, aged 12–65 years, interviewed in the 3rd Brazilian Household Survey on Substance Use (BHSU-3) were analyzed. The BHSU-3 is a nationwide, probability survey conducted in 2015. Individuals were asked if they would be against, neutral, or in favor of seven alcohol policies grouped as: 1) Strengthen restrictions on alcohol availability; 2) Enforce bans or restrictions on alcohol advertising, sponsorship, and promotion; and 3) Raise prices on alcohol through excise taxes and pricing. Generalized linear models were fitted to evaluate factors associated with being against each one of those policies and against all of policies. RESULTS Overall, 28% of the Brazilians supported all the above mentioned policies, whereas 16% were against them. The highest rate of approval refers to restricting advertising (53%), the lowest refers to increasing prices (40%). Factors associated with being against all policies were: being male (AOR = 1.1; 95%CI: 1.0–1.3), not having a religion (AOR = 1.4; 95%CI: 1.1–1.8), being catholic (AOR = 1.3; 95%CI: 1.1–1.5), and alcohol dependence (AOR = 1.6; 95%CI: 1.1–2.4). CONCLUSIONS The Brazilian government could count on the support of most of the population to restrict alcohol advertising. This information is essential to tackle the lobby of the alcohol industry and its clever marketing strategy.

Abstract Introduction Recent research has suggested an increase in the global prevalence of psychiatric symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess whether lifestyle behaviors can predict the presence of depression and anxiety in the Brazilian general population, using a model developed in Spain. Methods A web survey was conducted during April-May 2020, which included the Short Multidimensional Inventory Lifestyle Evaluation (SMILE) scale, assessing lifestyle behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Depression and anxiety were examined using the PHQ-2 and the GAD-7, respectively. Elastic net, random forest, and gradient tree boosting were used to develop predictive models. Each technique used a subset of the Spanish sample to train the models, which were then tested internally (vs. the remainder of the Spanish sample) and externally (vs. the full Brazilian sample), evaluating their effectiveness. Results The study sample included 22,562 individuals (19,069 from Brazil, and 3,493 from Spain). The models developed performed similarly and were equally effective in predicting depression and anxiety in both tests, with internal test AUC-ROC values of 0.85 (depression) and 0.86 (anxiety), and external test AUC-ROC values of 0.85 (depression) and 0.84 (anxiety). Meaning of life was the strongest predictor of depression, while sleep quality was the strongest predictor of anxiety during the COVID-19 epidemic. Conclusions Specific lifestyle behaviors during the early COVID-19 epidemic successfully predicted the presence of depression and anxiety in a large Brazilian sample using machine learning models developed on a Spanish sample. Targeted interventions focused on promoting healthier lifestyles are encouraged.

O uso nocivo do álcool é um importante fator de risco para a carga global de doença e políticas públicas são as mais eficazes medidas de prevenção. Pesquisas populacionais são marcos para planejar, implementar e monitorar estas políticas. No entanto, existem inúmeras formas de medir o consumo de álcool que podem resultar em diferentes indicadores. Pesquisadores e interessados devem encontrar um ponto em comum na compreensão dessas medidas para evitar interpretações erradas e confusões no campo. Responder aos “5 Ws da Epidemiologia” ao interpretar informações relacionadas ao álcool pode ser útil para melhorar essa comunicação, bem como a reprodutibilidade e a comparabilidade dos achados da pesquisa. Este artigo busca exemplificar essa abordagem, descrevendo alguns indicadores do Sistema de Informação Global sobre Álcool e Saúde (GISAH) da Organização Mundial da Saúde e os dados correspondentes disponíveis nas últimas pesquisas domiciliares brasileiras. Nenhuma das pesquisas brasileiras relata todos os nove indicadores selecionados no GISAH, e apenas duas forneceram os detalhes metodológicos necessários para serem totalmente reprodutíveis. Uma agenda mais forte é de extrema importância para o avanço no monitoramento e prevenção de danos relacionados ao consumo de álcool no Brasil.

El uso nocivo del alcohol es uno de los principales factores de riesgo de la carga de enfermedad en todo el mundo, y las políticas sobre el alcohol son las estrategias más eficaces para prevenirlo. Las encuestas basadas en la población son un hito para planificar, aplicar y supervisar esas políticas. Sin embargo, existen incontables formas de medir el consumo de alcohol que pueden dar lugar a indicadores diversos. Los investigadores y las partes interesadas deben encontrar un terreno común en la comprensión de estas medidas para evitar interpretaciones erróneas y confusión en el campo. Responder a las “5 W de Epidemiología” siempre que se interprete la información relacionada con el alcohol, puede ser útil para mejorar esta comunicación, así como la reproducibilidad y la comparabilidad de los resultados de la investigación. Este artículo pretende ejemplificar este enfoque describiendo algunos indicadores del Sistema de Información Global sobre Alcohol y Salud (GISAH) de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y los datos correspondientes disponibles en las últimas encuestas de hogares brasileñas. Cabe destacar que ninguna de las encuestas brasileñas informa sobre los nueve indicadores seleccionados del GISAH, y sólo dos de ellas proporcionaron los detalles metodológicos necesarios para ser totalmente reproducibles. Una agenda más sólida es de suma importancia para avanzar en el seguimiento y la prevención de los daños relacionados con el alcohol en Brasil.

The harmful use of alcohol is a major risk factor for the global burden of disease, and public policies are the most effective strategies to prevent it. Population-based surveys are milestones for planning, implementing, and monitoring those policies. However, there are numerous ways to measure alcohol consumption which may result in different indicators. Researchers and stakeholders should find common ground in the understanding of these measures to avoid misinterpretation and confusion in the field. Answering to the “Five W’s Epidemiology”, when interpreting alcohol-related information, may improve the communication, as well as reproducibility and comparability of research findings. This paper aims to exemplify this approach by describing some indicators from the World Health Organization’s Global Information System on Alcohol and Health (GISAH) and the corresponding data available from the latest Brazilian household surveys. Notably, none of the Brazilian surveys reports on all the nine selected GISAH indicators, and only two provided the necessary methodological details to be fully reproducible. A stronger agenda is of the utmost importancefor advancing in the monitoring and prevention of alcohol-related harms in Brazil.

Objective: To evaluate satisfaction and burden of mental health personnel providing mental health services for substance users and their families. Method: Five hundred twenty-seven mental health workers who provide treatment for substance users in five Brazilian states were interviewed. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and measures of satisfaction (SATIS-BR) and burden of mental health personnel (IMPACTO-BR) were collected. Results: Type of mental health service and educational attainment were associated with degree of satisfaction and burden. Therapeutic community workers and those with a primary education level reported being more satisfied with the treatment offered to patients, their engagement in service activities, and working conditions. Workers from psychosocial care centers, psychosocial care centers focused on alcohol and other drugs, and social care referral centers (both general and specialized), as well as workers with a higher education, reported feeling overburdened. Conclusion: This study offers important information regarding the relationship of mental health personnel with their work. Care providers within this sample reported an overall high level of job satisfaction, while perceived burden differed by type of service and educational attainment. To our knowledge, this is the first study with a sample of mental health professionals working with substance users across five Brazilian states.