Abstract The aims of this work were to characterize the damage caused by Paraulaca dives in feijoa (Acca sellowiana) and develop a diagrammatic scale to evaluate the severity of herbivory. The evaluations were carried out in a feijoa progenies orchard with eight-year-old. The beetles caused damage mainly on leaves, from October to December (spring season). The distribution of beetles in the orchard occurred randomly, not following a defined pattern of incidence. The diagrammatic scale of herbivory severity was represented by seven levels (1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 15%, 32%, and 55% of the leaf area consumed). The use of this diagrammatic scale significantly increased the precision and accuracy of severity estimates by inexperienced evaluators. This can help in strategies to control this pest to expand the cultivation of feijoa in Brazil. Acca sellowiana eightyearold. eightyearold eight year old. old eight-year-old leaves spring season. season . season) randomly incidence 1%, 1 (1% 3 3% 5 5% 7 7% 15 15% 32 32% 55 consumed. consumed consumed) evaluators Brazil 1% (1 (

RESUMO: Os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar a distribuição espacial e temporal da lagarta-da-oliveira (Palpita forficifera Munroe, 1959) em uma nova região com potencial de cultivo de oliveira e avaliar a eficiência de controle desta praga com bioinseticidas. O pomar experimental com as cultivares Koroneiki e Arbequina foi implantado em Pato Branco, região Sudoeste do Paraná, Brasil. No pomar foram realizadas contagens semanais de lagartas em 25 plantas de cada cultivar, durante 12 meses, para verificar a distribuição espacial e temporal. Além disso, em condições de laboratório, larvas de segundo instar foram submetidas à alimentação com folhas de oliveira tratadas com óleo de neem (Azadirachta indica), Bacillus thuringiensis, Metarhizium anisopliae e Beauveria bassiana, e a efetividade de mortalidade das larvas foi utilizada para comparação entre os quatro bioinseticidas e a testemunha. As lagartas de P. forficifera ocorreram concentradas durante os três meses de verão, tiveram preferência hospedeira pela cultivar Arbequina (68,9% do total de larvas registradas), e ocorreram em padrão de distribuição aleatório ao longo do pomar. A aplicação de óleo de neem (A. indica) ou de B. thuringiensis causaram quase 100% de mortalidade das larvas em condições de laboratório. RESUMO lagartadaoliveira lagarta Palpita Munroe 1959 Branco Paraná Brasil 2 1 disso laboratório Azadirachta indica, indica , bassiana testemunha P verão 68,9% 689 68 9 (68,9 registradas, registradas registradas) A. (A B 100 195 68,9 6 (68, 10 19 68, (68 (6 (

ABSTRACT: We verified the spatial and temporal distribution of the olive leaf moth (Palpita forficifera Munroe, 1959) in a new potential region for olive cultivation and evaluated the bioinsecticides effectiveness to control this pest. The experimental orchard composed by Koroneiki and Arbequina cultivars was planted in Pato Branco, Southwest region of Paraná, Brazil. In the field, larvae counts were performed weekly on 25 plants of each cultivar, for 12 months, to verify the spatial and temporal distribution. Furthermore, in laboratory conditions, second instar larvae of P. forficifera were fed with olive leaves treated with Azadirachta indica oil, Bacillus thuringiensis, Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, and the effectiveness in the larvae mortality was used to compare four bioinsecticides and control. The P. forficifera larvae occurred mainly during the three summer months, had a host preference for the ‘Arbequina’ (68.9% of total larvae) and occurred at random distribution patterns throughout the orchard. The A. indica oil and B. thuringiensis both caused almost 100% larvae mortality under laboratory conditions. ABSTRACT Palpita Munroe 1959 pest Branco Paraná Brazil field 2 cultivar 1 months Furthermore conditions P bassiana ‘Arbequina 68.9% 689 68 9 (68.9 A B 100 195 68.9 6 (68. 10 19 68. (68 (6 (

O chorume líquido de suínos (CLS) pode ser utilizado como fonte de nutrientes e de matéria orgânica para algumas culturas agrícolas e interferir na ocorrência de doenças de plantas, causadas por fitopatógenos habitantes do solo. Assim, foi estudado o efeito do CLS, sobre as doenças do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) causadas por Sclerotium rolfsii. Em parcelas de 1 m², foi incorporado o CLS nas doses equivalentes a 0, 20, 40, 60 e 80 m³ ha-1. O solo foi infestado dois meses antes da aplicação do CLS, com 100 g do substrato (arroz em casca) colonizado pelo patógeno. A semeadura de 80 sementes de feijão por parcela foi efetuada em dois cultivos sucessivos, 1 dia e 45 dias após a aplicação do CLS. A intensidade da doença foi avaliada através da emergência, estande final de plântulas e severidade da doença, nos dois cultivos, sendo que a atividade microbiana, a concentração de amônia na camada superficial do solo e os níveis de fertilidade foram avaliados apenas no segundo cultivo. Com o aumento das doses de CLS foi verificada a redução da intensidade da doença e, entre as características avaliadas, o aumento da atividade microbiana, da concentração de amônia e dos níveis de cobre e zinco são os que melhor explicam essa redução.

Liquid swine manure (LSM) can be used as a source of nutrients and organic matter for some agricultural crops, and may interfere in plant diseases caused by soil-borne plant pathogens. Thus, the effect of LSM on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) diseases caused by Sclerotium rolfsii was studied. LSM was incorporated into 1 m² plots at doses equivalent to 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 m³ ha-1. The soil was infested two months prior to LSM application with 100 g of substrate (unhulled rice) colonized by the pathogen. Eighty bean seeds were sown per plot in two successive cultivations, 1 day and 45 days after LSM application. Intensity of the disease was evaluated based on plant emergence, final stand, and severity of the disease, in both cultivations. Microbial activity, ammonia concentration at the soil surface layer, and fertility levels were only evaluated in the second cultivation. A reduction in disease intensity was observed as LSM doses increased. Among the characteristics evaluated, the factors that best explain such a reduction are increased microbial activity, ammonia concentration, and copper and zinc levels.