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Abstract Introduction: In Mexico, cardiac rehabilitation (CR) as an interdisciplinary intervention with therapeutic impact in patients with heart disease is growing. There is the need to know actual conditions of CR in our country. Objectives: The objective of this National Registry is to follow-up those existing and new CR units in Mexico through the comparison between the two previous registries, RENAPREC-2009 and RENAPREC II-2015 studies. This is a descriptive study focused on diverse CR activities such as assistance training, and certification of health professionals, barriers, reference, population attended, interdisciplinarity, permanence over time, growth prospects, regulations, post-pandemic condition, integrative characteristics, and scientific research. Results: Data were collected from 45 CR centers in the 32 states, 75.5% are private practice units, 67% are new, 33% were part of RENAPREC II-2015, and 17 have continued since 2009. With a better distribution of CR units along the territory, the median reference of candidates for CR programs is 9% with a significant reduction into tiempo of enrollment to Phase II admission (19 ± 11 days). Regarding to previous registries, the coverance of Phases I, II, and III is 71%, 100%, and 93%, respectively; and a coverance increases in evaluation, risk stratification, and prescription, more comprehensive attendance and prevention strategies. Conclusions: CR in Mexico has grown in the past 7 years. Even there is still low reference and heterogeneity in specific processes, there are strengths such as interdisciplinarity, scientific professionalization of specialists, national diversification, and an official society that are consolidated over time.

https://doi.org/10.24875/acm.22000235

Correlación de la cuantificación de fibrosis hepática por morfometría mediante HepaScan con el análisis de las biopsias hepáticas. Estudio piloto
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Alemán-García, Nathalie

; García-García, José A.

; Durán-Padilla, Marco A.

; Gutiérrez-Díaz-de Ceballos, María E.

; Rizo-Pica, Thelma

; Susunaga-Notario, Ana del C.

; Sánchez-Pérez, Celia

Gaceta médica de México

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apr 2023, Volume 159 N. 2 Pages 125 - 131

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Antecedentes: El estándar de oro para determinar el grado de fibrosis hepática (FH) continúa siendo la evaluación de la biopsia. Existen técnicas de morfometría que permiten cuantificar la FH en estudios histopatológicos. Objetivo: Medir la correlación entre la evaluación histológica de FH y la cuantificación por morfometría del porcentaje de fibrosis (PF) mediante HepaScan. Material y métodos: Estudio piloto observacional, analítico, transversal, prospectivo y prolectivo en el que se analizaron cortes histopatológicos de hígado de 29 personas fallecidas por alguna hepatopatía y 22 personas fallecidas por otras causas (controles). El PF se calculó con HepaScan en fotografías digitales de cortes histológicos teñidos con la técnica Masson, comparándolo con el diagnóstico de tres patólogos expertos. Resultados: Fueron analizadas 401 imágenes del grupo con hepatopatía y 250 del grupo de control. La concordancia interobservador tuvo un índice kappa de 0.329. Entre los grupos de clasificación histopatológica existieron diferencias estadísticas en el PF (p = 0.0001). La capacidad predictiva de HepaScan con base en el área bajo la curva característica operativa del receptor fue de 0.983, 0.812 y 0.895 para fibrosis leve, moderada y severa, respectivamente. Conclusiones: HepaScan mostró muy buen desempeño para evaluar el PF en cortes histológicos, por lo que puede coadyuvar al diagnóstico patológico cualitativo.

Abstract Background: The gold standard for determining the degree of liver fibrosis (LF) continues to be biopsy evaluation. There are morphometry techniques that allow LF to be quantified on histopathological studies. Objective: To measure the correlation between LF histological evaluation and fibrosis percentage (FP) morphometric quantification using the HepaScan software. Material and methods: Observational, analytical, cross-sectional, prospective, prolective pilot study in which liver histological sections from 29 people who died from some liver disease and from 22 people who died from other causes (controls) were analyzed. FP was calculated with HepaScan on digital photographs of histological sections stained with the Masson technique, comparing it with the diagnosis established by three expert pathologists. Results: Four-hundred and one images from the group with liver disease and 250 from the control group were analyzed. Inter-observer agreement had a kappa index of 0.329. There were FP statistically significant differences (p = 0.0001) between histopathological classification groups. HepaScan predictive capacity based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.983, 0.812, and 0.895 for mild, moderate, and severe fibrosis, respectively. Conclusions: HepaScan showed very good performance for evaluating FP in histological sections, which is why it can contribute to qualitative pathological diagnosis.

https://doi.org/10.24875/gmm.22000325

Guía de práctica clínica mexicana para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las dislipidemias y enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica
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Pavía-López, Abel A.

; Alcocer-Gamba, Marco A.

; Ruiz-Gastelum, Edith D.

; Mayorga-Butrón, José L.

; Mehta, Roopa

; Díaz-Aragón, Filiberto A.

; Aldrete-Velasco, Jorge A.

; López-Juárez, Nitzia

; Cruz-Bautista, Ivette

; Chávez-Mendoza, Adolfo

; Secchi-Nicolás, Nikos C.

; Guerrero-Martínez, Francisco J.

; Cossio-Aranda, Jorge E.

; Mendoza-Zubieta, Victoria

; Fanghänel-Salmon, Guillermo

; Valdivia-Proa, Martha

; Olmos-Domínguez, Luis

; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A.

; Dávila-Maldonado, Luis

; Vázquez-Rangel, Armando

; Pavia-Aubry, Vanina

; Nava-Hernández, María de los A.

; Hinojosa-Becerril, Carlos A.

; Anda-Garay, Juan C.

; Ríos-Ibarra, Manuel O. de los

; Berni-Betancourt, Ana C.

; López-Cuellar, Julio

; Araiza-Garaygordobil, Diego

; Rivera-Reyes, Romina

; Borrayo-Sánchez, Gabriela

; Tapia-Hernández, Mónica

; Cano-Nigenda, Claudia V.

; Guerra-López, Arturo

; Elías-López, Josué

; Figueroa-Morales, Marco A.

; Montaño-Velázquez, Bertha B.

; Velasco-Hidalgo, Liliana

; Rodríguez-Lozano, Ana L.

; Pimentel-Hernández, Claudia

; Baquero-Hoyos, María M.

; Romero-Moreno, Felipe

; Rodríguez-Vega, Mario

Archivos de cardiología de México

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2022, Volume 92 Suppl. 1 Pages 1 - 62

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide and Mexico is no exception. The epidemiological data obtained in 1990 showed that cardiovascular diseases represented 19.8% of all causes of death in our country. This figure increased significantly to 25.5% for 2015. Some national surveys suggest that more than 60% of the adult population has at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease (obesity or overweight, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemias). On the other hand, data from the Pan American Health Organization have linked the process of atherosclerosis as the first cause of premature death, significantly reducing life expectancy, which has enormous social repercussions. Objective: This document constitutes the Clinical Practice Guide (CPG) prepared at the initiative of the Mexican Society of Cardiology in collaboration with the Mexican Society of Nutrition and Endocrinology, AC, National Association of Cardiologists of Mexico, AC, Mexican Association for the Prevention of Atherosclerosis and its Complications, AC, National Normative Committee of General Medicine, AC, National College of Geriatric Medicine, AC, College of Internal Medicine of Mexico, AC, Mexican Society of Angiology and Vascular and Endovenous Surgery, AC, Mexican Institute of Research Nephrological, AC and the Mexican Academy of Neurology, A.C.; with the methodological support of the Ibero-American Agency for the Development and Evaluation of Health Technologies, in order to establish recommendations based on the best available evidence and agreed upon by an interdisciplinary group of experts. The objective of this document is to provide evidence-based recommendations to help decision makers in the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemias in our country. Material and methods: This document complies with international quality standards, such as those described by the Institute of Medicine of the USA, the Institute of Clinical Excellence of Great Britain, the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network and the Guidelines International Network. A multidisciplinary group of clinical experts and methodologists with experience in systematic reviews of the literature and the development of clinical practice guidelines was formed. A scope document was agreed upon, relevant clinical questions were established, the best available evidence critically evaluated in systematic literature reviews was exhaustively identified, and clinical recommendations were developed. The modified Delphi Panel methodology was used to achieve an adequate level of consensus in each of the recommendations contained in this CPG. Results: 23 clinical questions were agreed upon which gave rise to their respective clinical recommendations. Conclusions: We consider that this document contributes to better clinical decision-making and becomes a point of reference for clinicians and patients in the management of dyslipidemias and this contributes to reducing the morbidity and mortality derived from atherosclerotic cardiovascular events in our country.

https://doi.org/10.24875/acm.m22000081 1458 downloads

Guía de práctica clínica para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la otitis media aguda en niños
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Mayorga-Butrón, José L.

; Torre-González, Carlos de la

; Boronat-Echeverría, Nuria

; Aguirre-Mariscal, Héctor

; Montaño-Velázquez, Bertha B.

; Figueroa-Morales, Marco A.

; Aguilar-Gómez, Nancy E.

; Flores-Ruiz, Eric M.

; Solórzano-Santos, Fortino

; Gómez-Barreto, Demóstenes

; Moreno-Espinosa, Sarbelio

; González-Zamora, José F.

; Arredondo-García, José L.

; Xóchihua-Díaz, Luis

; Hernández-Porras, Marte

; Chavolla-Magaña, Rogelio

; Sánchez-Reyes, Blas

; Rodríguez-Carrasco, Carlos A.

; Greenawalt-Rodríguez, Sydney

; Cristerna-Tarrasa, Hernán

; Olvera-Salinas, Jorge

; Ávila-Iglesias, María C.

; Tinajero-Iriarte, Mónica G.

; Ramos-Zúñiga, José A.

; Montes-Narváez, Gabriel

Boletín médico del Hospital Infantil de México

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2022, Volume 79 Suppl. 1 Pages 1 - 31

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Background: Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most prevalent acute conditions in the pediatric population worldwide. This work aimed to elaborate a Clinical Practice Guideline with clinical recommendations systematically developed to assist decision-making of specialists, patients, caregivers, and public policymakers involved in managing patients with AOM in children. Methods: This document was developed by the College of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology and Head, and Neck Surgery of Mexico (COPEME) in compliance with international standards. The SIGN quality of evidence classification was used. On behalf of the COPEME, the Guideline Development Group (GDG) was integrated, including otolaryngologists, infectologists, pediatricians, general practitioners, and methodologists with experience in systematic literature reviews and the development of clinical practice guidelines. Results: A consensus was reached on 18 clinical questions, covering what was previously established by the GDG in the scope document of the guidelines. Scientific evidence answering each of these clinical questions was identified and critically evaluated. The GDG agreed on the final wording of the clinical recommendations using the modified Delphi panel technique. Specialists and patient representatives conducted an external validation. Conclusions: This Clinical Practice Guideline presents clinical recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of AOM to assist shared decision-making among physicians, patients, and caregivers and improve the quality of clinical care.

Resumen Introducción: La otitis media aguda (OMA) es uno de los padecimientos agudos más prevalentes en la población pediátrica a escala global. El objetivo de este trabajo fue elaborar una guía de práctica clínica con recomendaciones para asistir la toma de decisiones de médicos especialistas, pacientes, cuidadores de pacientes y elaboradores de políticas públicas involucrados en el manejo de la OMA en niños. Métodos: El documento ha sido desarrollado por parte del Colegio de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello Pediátricas de México (COPEME) en cumplimiento con los estándares internacionales. Se empleó la clasificación de calidad de la evidencia de SIGN. En representación del COPEME, se integró el Grupo de Desarrollo de la Guía (GDG), que incluyó otorrinolaringólogos, infectólogos, pediatras, médicos generales y metodólogos con experiencia en revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura y el desarrollo de guías de práctica clínica. Resultados: Se consensuaron 18 preguntas clínicas que abarcaron lo establecido previamente por el GDG en el documento de alcances de la Guía. Se identificó la evidencia científica que responde a cada una de estas preguntas clínicas y se evaluó críticamente. El GDG acordó la redacción final de las recomendaciones clínicas mediante la técnica Delphi de panel. Se llevó a cabo una validación externa por colegas especialistas y representantes de pacientes. Conclusiones: En esta Guía de Práctica Clínica se presentan recomendaciones clínicas para la prevención, el diagnóstico y el manejo de la OMA, con el fin de asistir la toma de decisiones compartidas entre médicos, pacientes y cuidadores con la intención de contribuir a mejorar la calidad de la atención clínica.

https://doi.org/10.24875/bmhim.21000168

Consenso mexicano para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la trombastenia de Glanzmann
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García-Chávez, Jaime

; Hernández-Juárez, Jesús

; Sánchez-Jara, Berenice

; García-Lee, María Teresa

; Rodríguez-Castillejos, Cecilia

; Montiel-Cervantes, Laura

; Moreno-Hernández, Manuel

; Ramos-Blas, Gustavo J.

; Soto-Padilla, Janet M.

; Flores-Villegas, Luz V.

; Pérez-Zúñiga, Juan M.

; López-Arroyo, José L.

; Villarreal-Martínez, Laura

; Madera-Maldonado, Cristina E.

; Herrejón-Carmona, Misael

; Lozano-Garcidueñas, Mónica

; Vargas-Ruiz, Ángel G.

; Hernández-Hernández, Darinel

; Peña-Díaz, Aurora de la

; Aquino-Fernández, Efraín

; Majluf-Cruz, Abraham

Gaceta médica de México

Journal Metrics
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2022, Volume 158 N. spe4 Pages 1 - 17

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Las plaquetas tienen un papel central en diferentes escenarios fisiológicos, incluyendo la hemostasia; se unen unas con otras en la agregación plaquetaria, lo cual permite formar un coágulo plaquetario. Para que la agregación sea apropiada se requiere del complejo glicoproteico IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) en la superficie plaquetaria. Toda alteración funcional plaquetaria, hereditaria o adquirida, impide la formación adecuada del coágulo y se manifiesta como hemorragia. Las enfermedades plaquetarias hereditarias son raras y, hasta recientemente, fueron ignoradas. Una de las más reconocidas y estudiadas es la trombastenia de Glanzmann (TG), entidad en la cual el número de plaquetas puede ser normal pero la función está alterada. Es un padecimiento autosómico y recesivo que causa hemorragia de diferente intensidad toda la vida y en la cual el problema radica en precisamente en la GPIIb/IIIa. Las hemorragias son típicamente mucocutáneas: equimosis, púrpura, epistaxis, gingivorragia; menos frecuentes son la hemorragia gastrointestinal, hemartrosis o en sistema nervioso central. La hiperpolimenorrea es común en las mujeres y llega a ser tan importante que amerita transfusiones en la menarca. La TG afecta a todos los grupos étnicos y su prevalencia varía entre 1/40,000 y 1/400,000. A pesar de esta información acerca de la TG en el mundo, hay pocas guías o recomendaciones basadas en la opinión de expertos y experiencias unicéntricas. En México la TG es rara y no se cuenta con una recomendación general para su diagnóstico y tratamiento. El objetivo de este documento fue establecer un consenso y hacer sugerencias generales para su diagnóstico y tratamiento.

Abstract Platelets have a central role in several physiological scenarios including hemostasis. Platelets bind each other during platelet aggregation allowing the proper formation of the clot; to be appropriate, platelet aggregation requires the glycoproteic complex IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa). Every platelet function abnormality both, congenital or acquired, impedes clot formation and favors bleeding episodes. Hereditary platelet abnormalities are rare and, until recently, they were almost ignored. Among these disorders, Glanzmann Thrombasthenia (GT) is a widely recognized abnormality in which platelet counts may be normal, but their function is affected. GT is an autosomal, recessive disease that causes life-long bleeding of different intensity. Main biochemical abnormality resides in GPIIb/IIIa. Bleeding is typically mucocutaneous: easy bruising, purpura, and nose and gum bleeds; less frequently are gastrointestinal bleeds, hemarthrosis, or intracranial. Menorrhagia and hyperpolymenorrhea are common findings in in women and may be the cause of anemia requiring blood transfusions at fertile age. GT affects all ethnic groups and its prevalence ranges between 1/40,000 to 1/400,000. Despite this worldwide information regarding GT, only a few guidelines and recommendations have been published, most of them based on expert opinions. In Mexico, GT is rare and there is not a general recommendation regarding its diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this document was to establish a consensus to suggest a general guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of GT in Mexico.

https://doi.org/10.24875/gmm.m22000691

Influence of Inflammation on Assessing Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Cuban Preschool Children
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Pita-Rodríguez, Gisela M

; Chávez-Chong, Cristina

; Lambert-Lamazares, Brenda

; Montero-Díaz, Minerva

; Selgas-Lizano, Rolando

; Basabe-Tuero, Beatriz

; Alfonso-Sagué, Karen

; Díaz-Sánchez, María E.

MEDICC Review

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dec 2021, Volume 23 N. 3-4 Pages 37 - 45

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract INTRODUCTION Anemia is a public health problem worldwide and is most prevalent in preschool children, for whom it is the most frequent cause of nutritional deficits. In turn, iron deficiency is the main cause of anemia, affecting 43% of children globally. Previous studies in Cuba show rates of iron deficiency in preschool children between 38.6% and 57.6%, higher in infants (71.2% to 81.1%). WHO recommends using serum ferritin as an indicator of iron deficiency accompanied by acute (C-reactive protein) and chronic (α1-acid glycoprotein) inflammation biomarkers. OBJECTIVE Assess how inflammation affects measuring and reporting of iron-deficiency anemia rates in Cuban preschool children. METHODS Data were obtained from serum samples contained in the National Anemia and Iron Deficiency Survey, and included presumably healthy preschool Cuban children (aged 6–59 months). Serum samples were collected from 1375 children from randomly selected provinces in 4 regions of the country from 2014 through 2018. We examined the association between ferritin and two inflammatory biomarkers: C-reactive protein and α1-acid glycoprotein. Individual inflammation-adjusted ferritin concentrations were calculated using four approaches: 1) a higher ferritin cut-off point (<30 g/L); 2) exclusion of subjects showing inflammation (C-reactive protein >5 mg/L or α1-acid glycoprotein >1 g/L); 3) mathematical correction factor based on C-reactive protein or α1-acid glycoprotein; and 4) correction by regression with the method proposed by the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia Group. We estimated confidence intervals of differences between unadjusted prevalence and prevalence adjusted for inflammation by each method. RESULTS The proportion of children with inflammation according to C-reactive protein concentrations >5 mg/L was lower (11.1%, 153/1375) than the proportion measured according to the concentrations of α1-acid glycoprotein, at >1 g/L (30.8%, 424/1375). The percentage of children with high concentrations of at least one of the aforementioned biomarkers was 32.7% (450/1375). Thus, each correction method increased the observed prevalence of iron deficiency compared to unadjusted estimates (23%, 316/1375). This increase was more pronounced when using the internal regression correction method (based only on C-reactive protein) or the method based on a higher cut-off point. Adjustment using all four methods changed estimated iron deficiency prevalence, increasing it from 0.1% to 8.8%, compared to unadjusted values. CONCLUSION One-third of preschool children had biomarkers indicating elevated inflammation levels. Without adjusting for inflammation, iron deficiency prevalence was underestimated. The significant disparity between unadjusted and inflammation-adjusted ferritin when using some approaches highlights the importance of selecting the right approach for accurate, corrected measurement. The internal regression correction approach is appropriate for epidemiological studies because it takes into account inflammation severity. However, other models should be explored that account for inflammation and also provide better adjusted ferritin concentrations.

https://doi.org/10.37757/mr2021.v23.n3.7

Gastrectomía por cáncer gástrico: abordaje mínimamente invasivo
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Pinilla-Morales, Raúl E.

; Martín-Montero, Wilmar

; Facundo-Navia, Helena

; Manrique-Acevedo, María E.

; Guevara-Cruz, Oscar A.

; Herrera-Mora, David R.

; Bonilla-Castañeda, Ana D.

; Rey-Ferro, Mario

; Abadía-Díaz, Mario

; Rendón-Hernández, Juliana

; Sánchez-Pedraza, Ricardo

; Oliveros-Wilches, Ricardo

Revista Colombiana de Cirugía

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sep 2021, Volume 36 N. 3 Pages 446 - 456

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Introducción. El cáncer gástrico en nuestro país es una de las neoplasias más comunes y su diagnóstico generalmente se realiza en estadios avanzados. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características sociodemográficas y clínicas, la experiencia quirúrgica, y las complicaciones en los pacientes con cáncer gástrico. Métodos. Se presenta una serie de casos en la que se revisaron las historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico histológico de adenocarcinoma gástrico, a quienes se les practicó gastrectomía mínimamente invasiva en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Bogotá D.C., Colombia, entre enero de 2012 y diciembre de 2018. Resultados. Se realizó gastrectomía por laparoscopia convencional en 31 pacientes (75,6 %) y por laparoscopia asistida por robot en 10 pacientes (24,4 %). Los estadios clínicos fueron IA en 20 pacientes (48,7 %), IB en tres (7,3 %), IIA en nueve (21,9%), IIB en cinco (12,2 %) y IIIA en cuatro pacientes (9,7 %). Se realizaron 24 gastrectomías totales (58,5 %) y 17 distales (41,4 %). No hubo muertes intraoperatorias ni posoperatorias a 30 días. La disección ganglionar predominante fue D2 en el 92,6 % (n=38) de los casos. Se presentaron complicaciones posoperatorias en el 17,1 % (n=7). Discusión. La gastrectomía por cáncer gástrico realizada por vía laparoscópica convencional y la asistida por robot, parecen ser procedimientos seguros y factibles. La determinación de supervivencia libre de enfermedad y mortalidad asociada a cáncer será necesaria para establecer la seguridad oncológica de este tipo de procedimientos en nuestro medio.

Abstract Introduction. In our country, gastric cancer is one of the most common neoplasms and its diagnosis is generally made in advanced stages. The objective of this study was to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, surgical experience, and complications in patients with gastric cancer. In our country, gastric cancer is one of the most common neoplasms and its diagnosis is generally made in advanced stages. The objective of this study was to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, surgical experience, and complications in patients with gastric cancer. Methods. A series of cases is presented in which the medical records of patients with a histological diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma, who underwent minimally invasive gastrectomy at the National Cancer Institute of Bogotá, Colombia, between January 2012 and December 2018. Results. Conventional laparoscopic gastrectomy was performed in 31 patients (75.6%) and by robot-assisted laparoscopy in 10 patients (24.4%). The clinical stages were IA in 20 patients (48.7%), IB in three (7.3%), IIA in nine (21.9%), IIB in five (12.2%), and IIIA in four patients (9.7%). Twenty-four total gastrectomies (58.5%) and 17 distal gastrectomies (41.4%) were performed. There were no intraoperative or postoperative deaths at 30 days. The predominant lymph node dissection was D2 in 92.6% (n = 38) of the cases. Postoperative complications occurred in 17.1% (n=7). Discussion. Gastrectomy due to gastric cancer, performed by conventional laparoscopic and robot-assisted approaches, appear to be safe and feasible procedures. The determination of disease-free survival and cancer-associated mortality will be necessary to establish the oncological safety of this type of procedure in our environment.

https://doi.org/10.30944/20117582.806 306 downloads

Type 1 Diabetes Care in Mexico: An Analysis of the RENACED-DT1 National Registry
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Faradji-Hazán, Raquel N.

; Valenzuela-Lara, Marisol

; Díaz-Barriga Menchaca, Ana P.

; Almeda-Valdes, Paloma

; Antonio-Villa, Neftali E.

; Vidrio-Velázquez, Maricela

; Islas-Ortega, Laura

; Martínez-Ramos-Méndez, Angélica

; Garza-Hernández, Natalia E. de la

; Bustamante-Martínez, Jorge F.

; Sánchez-Ruiz, Karla L.

; Yepez-Rodríguez, Alicia E.

; González-Gálvez, Guillermo

; Niño-Vargas, Ricardo S.

; Sainz de la Maza-Viadero, María E.

; Magis-Rodríguez, Carlos

Revista de investigación clínica

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aug 2021, Volume 73 N. 4 Pages 222 - 230

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Background: Information regarding diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients with type 1 diabetes (PWT1D) in Mexico is limited. We developed an on-line platform Registro Nacional de Pacientes con Diabetes Tipo 1 (RENACED-DT1). Objective: The objective of the study was to describe the characteristics and healthcare of PWT1D registered in RENACED-DT1. Methods: Analyses of 965 PWT1D from July 2014 to January 2018 in different endocrinology clinics around Mexico. Results: Sixty-one percent were female with median age of 21 years, age at diagnosis 11 years, and disease duration at inclusion 8.2 years. Treatment regimen was basal-bolus in 61% and insulin-pumps in 21% (mainly in the private sector); 33.3% with self-monitoring of blood-glucose (SMBG) ≥4 times/day. Mean HbA1c at last follow-up was 8.7 ± 2.1% (72±23 mmol/mol), 18% had HbA1c < 7% (53 mmol/mol), and 35% > 9% (75 mmol/mol). SMBG ≥ 4 times/day was associated with HbA1c < 7%. Time since diagnosis > 10 years, female sex, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, SMBG < 4 times/day, and any hypoglycemia were associated with microvascular complications (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Percentage of patients achieving HbA1c < 7% is low; increased blood glucose monitoring is associated with better glycemic control. The achievement of optimal glycemic control must be increased to reduce the incidence of chronic complications and improve quality of life in PWT1D.

https://doi.org/10.24875/ric.20000498 253 downloads

Evaluación anatomofuncional de sistemas sensoriales en pacientes con epilepsia del lóbulo temporal mesial sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico
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Báez Martín, Margarita M.

; Morales Chacón, Lilia M.

; García Maeso, Iván

; Lorigados Pedre, Lourdes

; Estupiñán Díaz, Bárbara

; García Navarro, María Eugenia

; Trápaga Quincoses, Otto

; Valdés Llerena, Ricardo

; González González, Judith

; Bender del Busto, Juan E.

; Cabrera Abreu, Ivette

; Batista García-Ramó, Karla

; Galvizu Sánchez, Reinaldo

Anales de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba

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aug 2021, Volume 11 N. 2 elocation e841

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Introduction: The present investigation studies, for the first time in our country, the consequences on the sensory auditory and visual systems after surgery for drug resistant temporal lobe epileptic patients. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the anatomic and functional changes after electrocorticography-guided anterior-temporal lobectomy. Methods: A sample of 28 patients that underwent surgery for drug resistant temporal lobe epilepsy was studied. The surgery was performed at the International Center for Neurological Restoration (CIREN) between years 2002-2012. Results: Functional alterations in the visual and auditory systems were detected even before surgery. After surgery further auditory alterations were detected by auditory evoked potentials, likely as an indirect, long-term consequence of the resection of specific structures like the amygdala and the medial temporal pole. On the visual system, the resection of the epileptogenic zone provoked visual deficits, evidenced by visual perimetry combined with quadrant-restricted visual evoked potentials. The visual defects are in good correspondence with the amount of resected tissue. Lesions within the visual pathway were confirmed by optic radiation tractography and connectivity studies. Conclusions: indirect and long term functional changes of the auditory pathway were described, while direct lesions of the visual pathway were confirmed with objective methods of exploration, according to the surgical resection magnitude.

RESUMEN Introducción: La presente investigación aborda por vez primera en nuestro país el estudio de las consecuencias del tratamiento quirúrgico en pacientes con epilepsia del lóbulo temporal fármaco-resistente para el funcionamiento de los sistemas sensoriales auditivo y visual. Objetivos: evaluar los cambios anatómicos y funcionales de los sistemas auditivo y visual secundarios a la lobectomía temporal anterior. Métodos: Se estudió una muestra de 28 pacientes con epilepsia del lóbulo temporal mesial fármaco-resistente intervenidos quirúrgicamente en el Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica entre los años 2002 y 2012. Resultados: Se constató la existencia de alteraciones funcionales en los sistemas sensoriales auditivo y visual antes de la intervención quirúrgica. Luego de la resección se detectaron cambios en el funcionamiento de la vía auditiva mediante los potenciales evocados auditivos, probablemente mediados por un efecto indirecto y a largo plazo de la remoción de estructuras específicas como la amígdala y el polo temporal medio. En la vía visual ocurrieron defectos del campo visual evidenciados por las técnicas de potenciales evocados visuales con estimulación por cuadrantes en combinación con la perimetría, y en correspondencia con la magnitud del tejido neocortical removido. La lesión de la vía visual pudo ser corroborada mediante la tractografía de la radiación óptica y el estado de su conectividad. Conclusiones: Los resultados evidenciaron cambios funcionales indirectos y a largo plazo de la vía auditiva, y se confirman las afectaciones directas de la vía visual con métodos de exploración objetivos y en correspondencia con la magnitud de la resección quirúrgica.

10.

COVID-19 en el paciente pediátrico
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Campo-Martínez, María de los Ángeles del

; Sánchez-Jara, Berenice

; López-Santiago, Norma C.

; Lozano-Garcidueñas, Mónica

; Soto-Padilla, Janet

; Moreno-González, A. Mansheca

; Ortiz-Torres, María Guadalupe

; González-Llano, Oscar

; Reyes-Espinoza, E. Aaron

; Muñoz-Juárez-Díaz, Lucia M.

; Velázquez-Marmolejo, Lissette

Gaceta médica de México

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2021, Volume 157 Suppl. 3 Pages S120 - S130

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract This document was prepared (June 2020) by and for medical professionals (clinicians and health providers), and it is available as a guideline for pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). So far, according to available data although children of all ages can acquire COVID-19, they have better outcome than adults, with a little proportion of severe disease, and in mild cases they have a 1 to 2-week recovery after the beginning of the infection. The objective of this document is to provide particularities that we consider important for diagnosis and treatment. Owe to the changing epidemiological situation some concepts and actions can change, so this information must be adapted to each specific case, based on the clinical judgement according to patient requirements and available resources.

Resumen Este documento fue preparado (en junio de 2020) por y para los profesionales médicos (clínicos y proveedores de salud), y está disponible públicamente para propósitos de recomendaciones relacionada con pacientes pediátricos y enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Según datos disponibles hasta la fecha, los niños de todas las edades pueden contraer la COVID-19; sin embargo, tienen mejor pronóstico que los adultos, siendo pocos los casos graves reportados, y los casos leves se recuperan en 1-2 semanas después del inicio de la enfermedad. El objetivo de este documento es aportar peculiaridades que consideramos importantes para el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Debido a los cambios en la actual situación epidemiológica se pueden modificar algunos conceptos y acciones, por lo que la información aquí contenida debe ser adaptada a cada paciente, basada en el juicio clínico, necesidades del paciente y recursos disponibles.

https://doi.org/10.24875/gmm.m21000487 256 downloads

11.

Levels of Vitamins and Homocysteine in Older Adults with Alzheimer Disease or Mild Cognitive Impairment in Cuba
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Lanyau-Domínguez, Yeneisy

; Macías-Matos, Consuelo

; Llibre-Rodríguez, Juan de Jesús

; Pita-Rodríguez, Gisela M

; Suárez-Medina, Ramón

; Quintero-Alejo, María E.

; Noriega-Fernández, Lisseth

; Guerra-Hernández, Milagros

; Calvo-Rodríguez, Marina

; Sánchez-Gil, Yvón

; García-Klibanski, Milagros

; Herrera-Javier, Dania

; Arocha-Oriol, Caridad

; Díaz-Domínguez, Maybe

MEDICC Review

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dec 2020, Volume 22 N. 4 Pages 40 - 47

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Age-related cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer disease, are among the main causes of disability and dependence in older adults worldwide. High blood homocysteine levels (hyperhomocysteinemia) are a risk factor for diseases whose metabolism involves different B vitamins. Antioxidant vitamins provide a protective effect by mitigating oxidative stress generated by these diseases. Epidemiological studies have presented varying results on the relationships between blood levels of these vitamins and such cognitive disorders. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the association of vitamin and homocysteine levels with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease in a group of Cuban older adults. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Havana, Cuba, of 424 persons aged ≥65 years: 43 with Alzheimer disease, 131 with mild cognitive impairment, and 250 with no signs of cognitive impairment. Dementia was diagnosed using criteria of the International 10/66 Dementia Research Group and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV), and mild cognitive impairment was diagnosed using Petersen’s criteria. Blood levels of vitamins (thiamine, B-2, folate, B-12, C and A) and homocysteine were measured by standard procedures. Analysis of variance for continuous variables and percentage comparison tests for dichotomous variables were used to compare groups. RESULTS Persons with Alzheimer disease presented significantly lower levels of vitamins B-2, C and A than healthy participants (p <0.05). Homocysteine levels were significantly higher in those with Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment than in participants with no cognitive impairment (p <0.05). Statistically, levels of thiamine, folic acid, and vitamin B-12 were not significantly different across groups. Compared with those without cognitive impairment, prevalence rates (PR) in the Alzheimer group were significantly higher for hyperhomocysteinemia (PR = 3.26; 1.84–5.80) and deficiency of all B vitamins: thiamine (PR = 1.89; 1.04–3.43), B-2 (PR = 2.85; 1.54–5.26), folate (PR = 3.02; 1.53–5.95), B-12 (PR = 2.21; 1.17–4.19), vitamin C (PR = 3.88; 2.12–7.10) and A (PR = 5.47; 3.26–9.17). In mild cognitive impairment, prevalence rates were significantly higher for hyperhomocysteinemia (PR = 1.42; 1.08–1.87), vitamin B-2 deficiency (PR = 1.70; 1.24–2.32) and vitamin A deficiency (PR =1.88; 1.05–3.38). CONCLUSIONS Hyperhomocysteinemia and various vitamin deficiencies are related to Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment. Longitudinal studies are needed to further elucidate the relationship between different nutritional biomarkers and dementia. A better understanding of this relationship could provide a basis for therapeutic and preventive strategies.

https://doi.org/10.37757/mr2020.v22.n3.10

12.

Intervención educativa sobre salud sexual en estudiantes de medicina
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Aburto-Arciniega, Mónica B.

; Escamilla-Santiago, Ricardo A.

; Díaz-Olavarrieta, Claudia A.

; Fajardo-Dolci, Germán E.

; Urrutia-Aguilar, María E.

; Arce-Cedeño, Angélica

; Mota-Sánchez, Arely A.

; Guevara-Guzmán, Rosalinda

Gaceta médica de México

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apr 2020, Volume 156 N. 2 Pages 165 - 171

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Introduction: The National Autonomous University of Mexico Faculty of Medicine created the Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Program, which is aimed at students. Objective: To determine the sexual-reproductive health profile of medical students through a diagnostic questionnaire and of those who participated in an educational intervention on sexuality (three modules). Method: First-year undergraduate students, schoolyear 2017-2018, participated. Students were considered to be trained when they took at least one module. Results: The questionnaire was answered by 1157 students, 21.9 % participated in at least one module, 43.1% had initiated sexual activity and 25 % received the educational intervention. Not having used a condom in their last intercourse was identified in 20 %, and a high prevalence of intercourse under the influence of alcohol was observed. Conclusions: It is important for specific sexuality competences to be promoted among those who will be doctors in the future.

Resumen Introducción: La Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México creó el Programa de Prevención de Embarazo en Adolescentes, dirigido a estudiantes. Objetivo: Determinar el perfil de la salud sexual-reproductiva de estudiantes de medicina mediante un cuestionario diagnóstico y de quienes participaron en una intervención educativa de sexualidad (tres módulos). Método: Participaron estudiantes del primer año de la carrera, ciclo 2017-2018. Se consideró que el estudiante fue capacitado cuando cursó al menos un módulo. Resultados: Contestaron el cuestionario 1157 estudiantes, 21.9 % participó en al menos un módulo, 43.1 % había iniciado vida sexual y 25 % recibió la intervención educativa. El 20 % no usó condón en su última relación y se observó alta prevalencia de relaciones sexuales bajo el influjo de alcohol. Conclusiones: Es importante promover competencias específicas en sexualidad entre quienes serán los futuros médicos.

https://doi.org/10.24875/gmm.20005587 518 downloads

13.

Clinical severity and associated complications in pediatric patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome
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Solana-Rojas, Ángel

; García-Melo, Luis M.

; Reyes-Varela, María D.

; Díaz-Sotelo, Juan F.

; Cruz-Sánchez, Alfredo

; Pérez-Moreno, Juan C.

; Basulto-López, Francisco E.

; Salinas-Oviedo, Carolina

Revista mexicana de neurociencia

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feb 2020, Volume 21 N. 1 Pages 15 - 26

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, of autoimmune origin, with heterogeneous clinical variants. It is the most frequent cause of flaccid paralysis in children. Incidence of 0.38-0.91 cases per 100,000, rare in children under 2 years. Objective: The objective of the study was to describe the clinical severity and complications in pediatric patients aged 1-18 years with GBS. Methods: A descriptive and retrospective analysis was carried out. We collected data from clinical files of patients of Legaria Pediatric Hospital with stellate ganglion block, period of 3 years (January 2015-December 2017). Results: Twenty-four patients, 18 men (75%) and 6 women (25%) were included in the study. The average age of 7.33 years (range: 1-16 years). School patients were the most affected (45.8%). Nearly 62.5% had previous respiratory infection. The most frequent clinical variant was acute inflammatory demyelinating (62.5%), axonal motor syndrome (29.2%), and Miller Fisher syndrome (8.3%). Nearly 16.7% presented dysautonomies requiring mechanical ventilation. Nearly 50% presented albuminocytological dissociation. The most frequent degree of clinical severity at admission was Grade IV on the Hughes scale (54.2%). The degree of clinical severity most frequent at discharge was Grade II on the Hughes scale (33.3%). Only 41.7% of patients received treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) at 1 g/kg/dia for 2 days. Conclusions: By means of contingency tables, the association between degree of severity at admission and discharge of GBS with respect to treatment with IVIG was determined. There is a 3.8 times greater risk of severity in patients without receiving the ideal treatment.

Resumen Introducción: El Síndrome de Guillain Barré (SGB) es una poliradiculoneuropatía desmielinizante aguda, de origen autoinmune, con variantes clínicas heterogéneas. Es la causa más frecuente de parálisis flácida en niños. Incidencia de 0.38-0.91 casos por 100,000, rara en menores de 2 años. Objetivo: Describir la severidad clínica y complicaciones en pediátricos de 1-18 años con SGB. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis de tipo descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se recabaron datos de expedientes clínicos de pacientes del Hospital Pediátrico Legaria con SGB, en un periodo de 3 años (enero 2015 - diciembre 2017). Resultados: Se incluyeron 24 pacientes, 18 hombres (75%) y 6 mujeres (25%). La edad promedio fue de 7.33 años (rango: 1-16 años). Los pacientes escolares fueron los más afectados (45.8%). El 62.5% tuvo infección respiratoria previa. La variante clínica más frecuente fue la desmielinizante inflamatoria aguda (62.5%), el Síndrome Motor Axonal (29.2%) y Síndrome de Miller Fisher (8.3%). El 16.7% presentaron disautonomias requiriendo ventilación mecánica. El 50% presentó disociación albuminocitológica. El grado de severidad clínica más frecuente al ingreso fue el Grado IV en escala de Hughes (54.2%). El grado de severidad clínica más frecuente al egreso fue el Grado II en escala de Hughes (33.3%). Solo el 41.7% de pacientes recibió tratamiento con inmunoglobulina intravenosa (IgIV.) a 1 gr/kg/día por 2 días. Conclusiones: Mediante tablas de contingencia se determinó la asociación entre grado de severidad al ingreso y egreso del SGB respecto al tratamiento con IgIV, existiendo 3.8 veces mayor riesgo de severidad en pacientes sin recibir el tratamiento ideal.

https://doi.org/10.24875/rmn.19000014 35 downloads

14.

Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la etapa aguda del accidente cerebrovascular isquémico: Guía de práctica clínica del Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud)
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Sequeiros-Chirinos, Joel Mario

; Alva-Díaz, Carlos A.

; Pacheco-Barrios, Kevin

; Huaringa-Marcelo, Jorge

; Huamaní, Charles

; Camarena-Flores, Carla E.

; Durand-Castro, Walter S.

; Valencia-Chávez, Ana María

; Ecos-Quispe, Rosa L.

; Estupinan-Valdez, Paula I.

; Gallo-Guerrero, Marla

; Huamaní-Mendoza, Marlene Doris

; Mariños-Sánchez, Evelyn Vanessa

; Morón-Cabrera, María Elizabeth

; Pulachet-Contreras, Elena

; Ramos-Auccasi, Alfredo

; Rodríguez-Kadota, Liliana

; Saavedra-Rocha, César

; Chávez-Rimache, Lesly

; Timaná-Ruiz, Raúl

Acta Médica Peruana

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jan 2020, Volume 37 N. 1 Pages 54 - 73

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Objective: to provide evidence based clinical recommendations for the diagnosis and therapy of the acute stage of ischemic cerebrovascular accident in EsSalud. Materials and methods : a group for producing the guideline was conveyed, including specialized physicians and methodologists. The group prepared 8 clinical questions to be answered by the guideline. Systematic searches of previous reviews were performed, and - when it was deemed necessary - primary studies in Medline and the Cochrane Controlled Registry of Trials for 2018 were reviewed. Evidence was selected aiming to respond each one of the proposed clinical questions. Certainty of the evidence was determined using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. In periodic work sessions, the group used GRADE methodology for reviewing the evidence and generated recommendations, good clinical practice items, and designed flow charts for both diagnosis and therapy. Finally, the guide was approved with the decree N° 128-IETSI-ESSALUD-2019. Results : this clinical practice guideline focused in 8 clinical questions, which were divided into four topics: screening, diagnosis, therapy, support and rehabilitation. On the basis of these questions, 28 recommendations were formulated (8 strong and 20 conditional), 38 items for good clinical practice, 1 implementation note, and 2 flow charts. Conclusion : this paper summarizes both evidence based methodology and conclusions from a new clinical practice guide for diagnosis and therapy of the acute stage of a cerebrovascular accident in EsSalud.

RESUMEN Objetivo: proveer recomendaciones clínicas basadas en evidencia para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la etapa aguda del ataque cerebrovascular isquémico en EsSalud. Materiales y métodos: se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó médicos especialistas y metodólogos. El GEG formuló 8 preguntas clínicas a ser respondidas por la presente GPC. Se realizó búsquedas sistemáticas de revisiones sistemáticas y -cuando fue considerado pertinente- estudios primarios en Medline y Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials durante el 2018. Se seleccionó la evidencia para responder cada una de las preguntas clínicas planteadas. La certeza de la evidencia fue evaluada usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). En reuniones de trabajo periódicas, el GEG usó la metodología GRADE para revisar la evidencia y formular las recomendaciones, los puntos de buenas prácticas clínicas y el flujograma de diagnóstico y tratamiento. Finalmente, la GPC fue aprobada con Resolución N° 128-IETSI-ESSALUD-2019. Resultados: la presente GPC abordó 8 preguntas clínicas, divididas en cuatro temas: tamizaje, diagnóstico, tratamiento, soporte y rehabilitación. En base a estas preguntas se formularon 28 recomendaciones (8 fuertes y 20 condicionales), 38 puntos de buena práctica clínica, 1 nota de implementación y 2 flujogramas. Conclusión: el presente artículo resume la metodología y las conclusiones basadas en evidencias de la GPC para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la etapa aguda del ataque cerebrovascular isquémico en EsSalud.

https://doi.org/10.35663/amp.2020.371.869

15.

Linfografía como opción diagnóstica y terapéutica en la fuga quilosa posoperatoria de cáncer colorrectal
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Suárez-Sánchez, Aida

; Fernández-Hevia, María

; Díaz-Vico, Tamara

; García-Munar, Manuel

; García-Gutiérrez, Carmen

; Fernández-Martínez, Daniel

; Otero-Diez, Jorge L.

; García-Flórez, Luis J.

; Granero-Trancón, José E.

Cirugía y cirujanos

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2020, Volume 88 Suppl. 2 Pages 43 - 46

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Chylous leakage is an extremely rare complication after colorectal surgery. We report the case of a 70 year-old male with a mid-rectal cancer who underwent a laparoscopic anterior resection of the rectum after long course neoadjuvant therapy. On postoperative day 4 the patient presented with chylous pelvic drainage, and a chylous leakage was proved by lymphography on postoperative day 13. Hereinafter, the drainage was drastically reduced. The lymphography is not only a diagnostic technique, but it can be also a therapeutic method in up to 35-70% of the cases.

Resumen La fuga quilosa es una complicación muy poco frecuente tras la cirugía colorrectal. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 70 años con neoplasia de recto medio intervenido de forma electiva tras un ciclo largo de neoadyuvancia mediante una resección anterior de recto por laparoscopia. El cuarto día de posoperatorio presentó un drenaje pélvico de aspecto quiloso y el día 13 se confirmó la fuga quilosa en la linfografía. Posteriormente el débito se redujo de forma rápida. La linfografía no solo es un método diagnóstico, sino que en el 35-70% de los casos puede también ser terapéutica.

https://doi.org/10.24875/ciru.20000252 27 downloads

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