Abstract This article details the development of hybrid composites with a PLA matrix filled with coffee husks, potassium feldspar, and Bahia Beige marble. Comprehensive analysis included FTIR, hardness, contact angle, density tests, SEM for microstructural insights, and XRF for optimizing raw material compositions. Also, variance analysis was applied in all results. The study revealed that these biodegradable composites hold promise for sustainable applications. Density variations were noted due to particle compaction, and hardness slightly decreased with coffee husks, attributed to uneven component distribution. Increased hydrophilicity was observed with filler addition. SEM confirmed strong interfacial adhesion, and color consistency was maintained. Notably, coffee husks significantly enhanced the degradation rate of PLA, achieving a 100% higher rate compared to pure PLA. The presence of calcium and potassium minerals offers additional benefits for soil health. The study suggests that thermoformed, multi-layered composite capsules can be fully biodegradable, promoting environmental sustainability in coffee capsule production. feldspar marble FTIR angle tests insights compositions Also results applications compaction distribution addition adhesion maintained Notably 100 health thermoformed multilayered multi layered production 10 1

Resumo Antecedentes Queixas de memória são frequentes em idosos e estão associadas ao maior risco de declínio cognitivo. Objetivo Investigar o desfecho funcional de indivíduos com queixas de memória acompanhados em centros atenção primária. Métodos Os dados foram coletados entre 2016 e 2020 em centros de atenção primária à saúde no Brasil. Os pacientes foram submetidos à Bateria Cognitiva Breve e ao Questionário de Atividades Funcionais. Resultados A amostra inicial (2016) foi composta por 91 indivíduos, classificados como tendo declínio cognitivo subjetivo (DCS, n = 15), comprometimento cognitivo leve (CCL, n = 45), ou demência (n = 31). Durante o seguimento, 8 indivíduos (8,8% da amostra inicial) faleceram e 26 (28,5% da amostra inicial) não foram encontrados. Cinquenta e sete participantes foram submetidos à reavaliação clínica. Dos 15 indivíduos com DCS, 7 não foram encontrados (46,7%), 4 (26,7%) declinaram para CCL e 4 (26,7%) permaneceram estáveis. Dos 45 indivíduos com CCL, 11 não foram encontrados (24,4%), 2 (4,4%) morreram, 6 (13,4%) declinaram para demência, 12 (26,7%) evoluíram para DCS e 14 (31,1%) permaneceram estáveis. Dos 31 indivíduos com demência, 8 não foram encontrados, (25,8%), 6 (19,4%) morreram, 2 (6,5%) evoluíram para DCS e 7 (22,6%) para CCL; e 8 permaneceram estáveis (25,8%). A melhora clínica deveu-se ao tratamento de causas reversíveis, como hipovitaminose B12 e transtornos de humor. A idade avançada, a baixa pontuação no Mini-Exame do Estado Mental e os escores de queixa de memória mais altos, mas não o uso de benzodiazepínicos e inibidores da bomba de prótons, foram preditores de declínio funcional. Conclusão Apesar de suas limitações (amostra pequena, dados ausentes), esses resultados corroboram que a triagem adequada, o acompanhamento e o tratamento de causas reversíveis de demência na atenção primária são essenciais. 201 202 Brasil Funcionais (2016 9 (DCS 15, , 15) (CCL 45, 45) 31. . 31) seguimento 8,8% 88 (8,8 28,5% 285 28 5 (28,5 1 46,7%, 467 46,7% 46 (46,7%) 26,7% 267 (26,7% 24,4%, 244 24,4% 24 (24,4%) 4,4% 44 (4,4% morreram 13,4% 134 13 (13,4% 31,1% 311 (31,1% 3 25,8%, 258 25,8% 25 (25,8%) 19,4% 194 19 (19,4% 6,5% 65 (6,5% 22,6% 226 22 (22,6% 25,8%. deveuse deveu se B B1 humor avançada MiniExame Mini Exame altos prótons pequena ausentes, ausentes ausentes) adequada essenciais 20 (201 8,8 (8, 28,5 (28, 46,7 (46,7% 26,7 (26,7 24,4 (24,4% 4,4 (4,4 13,4 (13,4 31,1 (31,1 25,8 (25,8% 19,4 (19,4 6,5 (6,5 22,6 (22,6 (20 8, (8 28, (28 46, (46,7 26, (26, 24, (24,4 4, (4, 13, (13, 31, (31, 25, (25,8 19, (19, 6, (6, 22, (22, (2 ( (46, (26 (24, (4 (13 (31 (25, (19 (6 (22 (46 (24 (1 (3 (25

Abstract Background Memory complaints are frequent in older adults and are associated with higher risk of cognitive decline. Objective To investigate the functional outcome of individuals with memory complaints followed up at primary care centers. Methods Data were collected between 2016 e 2020 in primary health care centers in Brazil. Patients underwent the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery, and the Functional Activities Questionnaire. Results The initial sample (2016) comprised 91 individuals classified into those with subjective cognitive decline (SCD, n = 15), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 45), or dementia (n = 31). During follow-up, 8 individuals (8.8% of the initial sample) died and 26 (28.5% of the initial sample) were not found. Fifty-seven participants underwent clinical reassessment. Of 15 individuals with SCD, 7 were not found (46.7%), 4 (26.7%) progressed to MCI, and 4 (26.7%) remained stable. Of 45 individuals with MCI, 11 were not found (24.4%), 2 (4.4%) died, 6 (13.4%) progressed to dementia, 12 (26.7%) regressed to SCD, and 14 (31.1%) remained stable. Of 31 individuals with dementia, 8 were not found (25.8%), 6 (19.4%) died, 2 (6.5%) regressed to SCD, 7 (22.6%) regressed to MCI, and 8 remained stable (25.8%). Clinical improvement was due to the treatment of reversible causes, such as B12 hypovitaminosis and mood disorders. Older age, lower Mini-Mental State Examination, and higher scores of memory complaint, but not the use of benzodiazepines and of proton pump inhibitors, were predictors of functional status. Conclusion Despite their limits (short sample size, missing data), these results support the idea that adequate screening, follow-up, and treatment of reversible causes of dementia in primary care are essential. 201 202 Brazil Battery Questionnaire (2016 9 SCD (SCD 15, , 15) MCI (MCI 45, 45) 31. . 31) followup, followup follow up, follow-up 8.8% 88 (8.8 28.5% 285 28 5 (28.5 Fiftyseven Fifty seven reassessment 1 46.7%, 467 46.7% 46 (46.7%) 26.7% 267 (26.7% 24.4%, 244 24.4% 24 (24.4%) 4.4% 44 (4.4% 13.4% 134 13 (13.4% 31.1% 311 (31.1% 3 25.8%, 258 25.8% 25 (25.8%) 19.4% 194 19 (19.4% 6.5% 65 (6.5% 22.6% 226 22 (22.6% 25.8%. B B1 disorders age MiniMental Mini Mental Examination complaint inhibitors status short size data, data data) screening essential 20 (201 8.8 (8. 28.5 (28. 46.7 (46.7% 26.7 (26.7 24.4 (24.4% 4.4 (4.4 13.4 (13.4 31.1 (31.1 25.8 (25.8% 19.4 (19.4 6.5 (6.5 22.6 (22.6 (20 8. (8 28. (28 46. (46.7 26. (26. 24. (24.4 4. (4. 13. (13. (31. 25. (25.8 19. (19. 6. (6. 22. (22. (2 ( (46. (26 (24. (4 (13 (31 (25. (19 (6 (22 (46 (24 (1 (3 (25

Abstract Regular physical exercise is considered an effective method for preserving and improving balance in elderly women. However, it is unclear whether resistance and aerobic exercises have the same effect on balance in elderly women. With this in mind, the aim of this study is to compare the effects of resistance and aerobic training on balance and concern about falls in elderly women. For this purpose, elderly women from the resistance training group (RTG; n = 15) and the aerobic exercise group (AEG; n = 15) had their physical activity level, balance and concern about falls evaluated. No significant differences were observed between the groups in physical activity level (χ²= 0.240; gl= 1; p<0.624). However, the elderly women from the RTG showed better performance in the balance test (49.8±3.85) and low concern about possible falls (18.3±1.44), when compared to the elderly women from the AEG (balance: 28 .13±4.24; χ² Wald (1) = 176.778; p<0.0001; concern about possible falls: 33.0±5.93; χ² Wald (1) = 87.5; p<0.001). In view of this, we can conclude that elderly women who practiced resistance training showed better balance and less concern about possible falls compared to those who practiced aerobic exercises.

Resumo A prática regular de exercício físico tem sido considera uma conduta eficiente para melhorar o equilíbrio de idosos. Porém, não está muito claro se os exercícios físicos resistido e aeróbio resultam no mesmo efeito sobre o equilíbrio em mulheres idosas. Pensando nisso, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos dos treinamentos resistido e aeróbio sobre o equilíbrio e a preocupação com quedas em idosas. Para tal, foram avaliadas idosas do grupo treinamento resistido (GTR; n = 15) e do grupo aeróbio (GEA; n = 15). Foram mensurados o nível de atividade física, o equilíbrio e a preocupação com a queda. Nenhuma diferença significativa entre grupos foi observada no nível de atividade física (χ²= 0,240; gl= 1; p<0,624). Porém, as idosas do GTR apresentaram melhor desempenho no teste de equilíbrio (49,8±3,85) e baixa preocupação com uma possível queda (18,3±1,44), quando comparadas com as idosas do GEA (equilíbrio: 28,13±4,24; χ² Wald (1) = 176,778; p<0,0001; preocupação com uma possível queda: 33,0±5,93; χ² Wald (1) = 87,5; p<0,001). No presente estudo, podemos concluir que idosas praticantes de treinamento resistido apresentaram melhor equilíbrio e menor preocupação com uma possível queda em relação às idosas praticantes de exercício aeróbio.

RESUMO Objetivo: fístula anastomótica (FA) após colectomia para câncer colorretal (CCR) é complicação grave. Esta revisão sistemática e meta-análise avaliou os fatores de risco pré-operatórios para FA em pacientes submetidos à colectomia. Métodos: a pesquisa bibliográfica abrangeu 15 anos e 9 meses (1 de janeiro de 2005 - 19 de outubro de 2020), sendo utilizadas as plataformas PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Europe PMC e Web of Science. O critério de inclusão foram estudos transversais, coorte e caso-controle em fatores de risco pré-operatórios para FA (desfecho). A escala Newcastle-Ottawa foi usada para avaliação de viés dos estudos. A metanálise envolveu o cálculo dos efeitos de tratamento para cada estudo individualmente incluindo odds ratio (OR), risco relativo (RR) e intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) com construção de modelo de efeitos aleatórios, para avaliar o impacto de cada variável (p<0,05). Resultados: foram selecionados 39 estudos transversais, 21 coortes e quatro casos-controle. A metanálise identificou 14 fatores de risco para FA em pacientes com CCR após colectomia, que são sexo masculino (RR=1,56; IC 95%=1,40-1,75), tabagismo (RR=1,48; IC 95%=1,30-1,69), alcoolismo (RR=1,35; IC 95%=1,21-1,52), diabetes mellitus (RR=1,97; IC 95%=1,44-2,70), doenças pulmonares (RR=2,14; IC 95%=1,21-3,78), doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (RR=1,10; IC 95%=1,04-1,16), doença coronariana (RR=1,61; IC 95%=1,07-2,41), doença renal crônica (RR=1,34; IC 95%=1,22-1,47), altas notas na escala ASA (RR=1,70; IC 95%=1,37-2,09), cirurgia abdominal prévia (RR=1,30; IC 95%=1,04-1,64), cirurgia de emergência (RR=1,61; IC 95%=1,26-2,07), quimioterapia neoadjuvante (RR=2,16; IC 95%=1,17-4,02), radioterapia (RR=2,36; IC 95%=1,33-4,19) e quimiorradioterapia (RR=1,58; IC 95%=1,06-2,35). Conclusões: importantes fatores de risco pré-operatórios para FA colorretais em pacientes com CCR foram identificados com base nas melhores pesquisas baseadas em evidências e esse conhecimento deve influenciar decisões relacionadas ao tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: anastomotic leak (AL) after colectomy for colorectal cancer (CRC) is a life-threatening complication. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the preoperative risk factors for AL in patients submitted to colectomy. Methods: the bibliographic search covered 15 years and 9 months, from 1st January 2005 to 19th October 2020 and was performed using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Europe PMC and Web of Science databases. The inclusion criteria were cross-sectional, cohort and case-control studies on preoperative risk factors for AL (outcome). The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used for bias assessment within studies. Meta-analysis involved the calculation of treatment effects for each individual study including odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) with construction of a random-effects model to evaluate the impact of each variable on the outcome. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: cross-sectional studies were represented by 39 articles, cohort studies by 21 articles and case-control by 4 articles. Meta-analysis identified 14 main risk factors for AL in CRC patients after colectomy, namely male sex (RR=1.56; 95% CI=1.40-1.75), smoking (RR=1.48; 95% CI=1.30-1.69), alcohol consumption (RR=1.35; 95% CI=1.21-1.52), diabetes mellitus (RR=1.97; 95% CI=1.44-2.70), lung diseases (RR=2.14; 95% CI=1.21-3.78), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (RR=1.10; 95% IC=1.04-1.16), coronary artery disease (RR=1.61; 95% CI=1.07-2.41), chronic kidney disease (RR=1.34; 95% CI=1.22-1.47), high ASA grades (RR=1.70; 95% CI=1.37-2.09), previous abdominal surgery (RR=1.30; 95% CI=1.04-1.64), CRC-related emergency surgery (RR=1.61; 95% CI=1.26-2.07), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (RR=2.16; 95% CI=1.17-4.02), radiotherapy (RR=2.36; 95% CI=1.33-4.19) and chemoradiotherapy (RR=1.58; 95% CI=1.06-2.35). Conclusions: important preoperative risk factors for colorectal AL in CRC patients have been identified based on best evidence-based research, and such knowledge should influence decisions regarding treatment.

Resumo Introdução: apesar dos pacientes pediátricos apresentarem, comparativamente, menos casos da COVID-19, crianças com Síndrome de Down manifestam comorbidades como imunodeficiência, diabetes e, nessa perspectiva, são apontadas como população de risco para COVID-19 grave. Ademais, a literatura também sinaliza para um cenário desfavorável na coinfecção com Mycobacterium tuberculosis, considerada comorbidade importante e preditora para pior desfecho clínico. Descrição: criança de nove anos, sexo feminino, com Síndrome de Down, cardiopatia congênita e prematuridade, história de perda ponderal significativa e febre intermitente vespertina há seis meses. Há uma semana, apresentou intensificação da febre, tosse produtiva e desconforto respiratório leve. RT-PCR para SARS-CoV-2 em swab de nasofaringe detectável, radiografia de tórax com infiltrado alveolar difuso, tomografia de tórax com consolidações, focos de escavação, micronódulos sólidos em padrão de árvore em brotamento principalmente em lobos superior e inferior direitos. Teste rápido molecular para Mycobacterium tuberculosis detectável em lavado gástrico. Após início de tratamento específico, a paciente exibiu melhora clínica e de padrão respiratório e recebeu alta hospitalar após 72 horas afebril. Discussão: apesar do extenso comprometimento pulmonar, a paciente não necessitou de suporte ventilatório invasivo e apresentou um desfecho satisfatório em curto prazo. Portanto, a relevância da associação de tuberculose e COVID-19 e outras comorbidades na faixa etária pediátrica ainda permanecem incertas.

Abstract Introduction: although pediatric patients have comparatively fewer cases of COVID-19, children with Down Syndrome exhibit comorbidities such as immunodeficiency, diabetes and, in this perspective, are considered a population at risk for severe COVID-19. In addition, the literature also points to an unfavorable perspective on co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, considered an important comorbidity and a predictor of a worse clinical outcome. Description: female child, nine years old, with Down Syndrome, congenital heart disease and prematurity, with significant weight loss and intermittent fever for six months. A week ago, she had an intensification of fever, productive cough and mild respiratory distress. RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 detectable in nasopharynx swab, chest X-ray with diffuse alveolar infiltrate, chest CT with consolidations, excavation, solid micronodules in a sprouting tree pattern mainly in the right upper and lower lobes. Molecular rapid test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis detectable in gastric lavage. After specific treatment, the patient progressed well and was discharged from the hospital after 72 hours without fever and improvement in her breathing pattern. Discussion: despite the extensive pulmonary involvement, the patient did not require invasive ventilatory support and presented a satisfactory short-term outcome. Therefore, the relevance of the association of Tuberculosis and COVID-19 and other comorbidities in the pediatric age group still remains uncertain.

ABSTRACT. To evaluate the bromatological composition and ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of Xaraés palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha ‘Xaraes’ syn Brachiaria brizantha) under grazing in integrated crop, livestock (ICL), and forest (ICLF) systems, we conducted an in situ degradability trial in randomized blocks with three non-lactating 3/4 Gyr × 1/4 Holstein cows, provided with ruminal cannula. The management of Xaraés palisade grass was similar in both systems, differing only regarding shading in the ICLF system provided by eucalyptus trees (average 65% crown cover). Grass samples were incubated for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Considering the passage rate 2% h-1, the Xaraés palisade grass of ICL system had greater NDF effective degradability in relation to ICLF (46.38 vs 44.98%). However, the palisade grass CP potential degradability was greater in the ICLF than in the ICL system (68.92% vs. 65.40%). The presence of trees in the pasture has effect on nutritional traits of the Xaraés palisade grass, increasing its protein content and degradability and reducing its fiber degradability.

RESUMO Introdução: A pandemia causada pelo novo coronavírus da síndrome respiratória aguda grave 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) apresenta novos e importantes desafios à gestão de saúde no Brasil. Além da difícil missão de prestar atendimento aos milhares de pacientes infectados pelo COVID-19, os sistemas de saúde têm que manter a assistência às emergências médicas comuns em períodos sem pandemia, tais como o acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), que continuam ocorrendo e requerem tratamento com presteza e eficiência. A alocação de recursos materiais e humanos para o enfrentamento à pandemia não pode comprometer o atendimento ao AVC agudo, uma emergência cujo tratamento é tempo-dependente e se não realizado implica em importante impacto na mortalidade e incapacitação a longo prazo. Objetivo: Este trabalho resume as recomendações do Departamento Científico de Doenças Cerebrovasculares da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia, da Sociedade Brasileira de Doenças Cerebrovasculares e da Sociedade Brasileira de Neurorradiologia para o tratamento do AVC agudo e para a realização de procedimentos de neurointervenção urgentes durante a pandemia de COVID-19, incluindo o uso adequado de ferramentas de triagem e equipamentos de proteção pessoal (para pacientes e profissionais de saúde), além da alocação apropriada de pacientes.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although the 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) pandemic poses new challenges to the healthcare system to provide support for thousands of patients, there is special concern about common medical emergencies, such as stroke, that will continue to occur and will require adequate treatment. The allocation of both material and human resources to fight the pandemic cannot overshadow the care for acute stroke, a time-sensitive emergency that with an inefficient treatment will further increase mortality and long-term disability. Objective: This paper summarizes the recommendations from the Scientific Department on Cerebrovascular Diseases of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology, the Brazilian Society of Cerebrovascular Diseases and the Brazilian Society of Neuroradiology for management of acute stroke and urgent neuro-interventional procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic, including proper use of screening tools, personal protective equipment (for patients and health professionals), and patient allocation.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the perception of undergraduates' students in a Dentistry School about the impact of basic disciplines on their professional development, as well the integration of this knowledge with the professional sphere. Material and Methods: It is a qualitative research study carried out through focus groups comprised of dentistry students close to finishing their degree. The data were analyzed by the thematic content analysis. Results: Four categories derived from the empirical material: "Disassociation of basic disciplines within the professional cycle", "Autonomy or transference of responsibility", "Campus-DOD distancing" and "Humanization of health care from first moments". The narratives showed the difficulties faced in order to effect, indeed, integration between the basic cycle and the curricular components of the vocational cycle. It was also evident the decontextualization of the basic cycle with the perspective of approach with professional practice. In addition, student's protagonist posture and learning how to humanize health care were identified as important factors to be debated and improved in the curriculum from the beginning of the course. Conclusion: The difficulties faced in order to effect an actual integration between the basic disciplines and the professional disciplines bring undesirable consequences upon undergraduate, being fundamental that the construction of new pedagogical projects means an effective integration of the contents to the curriculum design, avoiding any fragmentation between the basic and vocational cycle.

ABSTRACT. To compare the integrated crop-livestock-forest (ICLF) and crop-livestock (ICL) systems in relation to thermal comfort and grazing behavior of Girolando heifers, a 2 × 2 crossover trial (two system and two periods) was carried out with eight – Holstein × ¼ Gyr heifers in Xaraés-palisade grass pasture under intermittent stocking with 10 days of occupation period and 20 days of resting. In ICLF, crown cover of eucalyptus planted in rows was 65% at the beginning of the experiment. Animal behavior was assessed through bioacoustics by recording heifers’ sounds for 48 hours. Concomitantly, heifers’ internal temperature (IT, °C) was recorded every 10 min using data logger thermometers adapted to hormone-free intravaginal devices. Air temperature and humidity data were collected by thermohygrometers located in the center of ICLF and ICL for calculating Temperature-Humidity Index (THI). According to THI values, ICLF and ICL did not vary in terms of thermal comfort. However, THI indicated moderate stress (82.26±4.40) during day (06:00 to 17:59h) and mild stress (75.76±4.38) at night (18:00 to 05:59h) in both systems. During day, heifers from ICL had significantly (p < 0.05) higher IT (39.51±0.56oC) than those from ICLF (39.41±0.56oC); the former spent more time grazing and less time drinking water in ICLF (581.35±30.1 and 4.87±1.09 min, respectively) when compared with those from ICL (436.88±28.1 and 10.25±1.09 min, respectively). Therefore, although thermal comfort index did not vary between the systems, under moderate stress, crossbred heifers have lower internal temperatures, resulting in longer diurnal grazing and shorter water drinking time in Eucalyptus-shaded pastures.

RESUMO A relação entre índices de conforto térmico com a temperatura interna de vacas lactantes foi avaliada em Rondônia, na Amazônia Ocidental, em um ensaio crossover 2x2 utilizando oito vacas Girolando, ½ Holandês x ½ Gir (n=4) e – Holandês x ¼ Gir (n=4) pastejando capim-marandu suplementadas com concentrados contendo ou não óleo de soja. A temperatura interna (TI) dos animais foi aferida com termômetros eletrônicos adaptados em dispositivos intravaginais (livres de hormônio) a cada 10 minutos durante 48h. Concomitantemente, dados climáticos (temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar, velocidade do vento e radiação solar) foram coletados para cálculo dos índices de temperatura e umidade (ITU), índice de temperatura equivalente (ITE) e o índice de frequência respiratória predita (PFR). A suplementação com óleo de soja não afetou a temperatura interna das vacas. A TI variou significativamente entre os grupos genéticos, com a maior média observada à noite nas vacas – Holandês × ¼ Gir em relação às ½ Holandês × ½ Gir (39,54 °C vs 39,06 °C, respectivamente). ITU, ITE e PFR tiveram correlação significativa e positiva com a TI de vacas Girolando, mas o PFR não foi adequado para indicar estresse térmico em vacas no período da noite.

ABSTRACT The relationship between the indices of thermal comfort and internal temperature in lactating cows was evaluated inRondônia, western Amazonia in a 2 × 2 crossover trial carried out with eight Girolando cows, ½ Holstein × ½ Gyr (n=4) and – Holstein × ¼ Gyr (n=4), grazing palisade grass supplemented with or without soybean oil concentrates. Data logger thermometers adapted to intravaginal devices (hormone free) were used to measure internal temperatures (IT) every 10 min over 48 h. Concomitantly, environmental parameters (air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation) were collected for the estimation of the temperature-humidity index (THI), equivalent temperature index (ETI), and predicted respiratory rate (PRR). Supplementation with soybean oil did not affect the internal temperature of the cows. IT varied significantly between the genetic groups, with the highest mean observed at night in the – Holstein × ¼ Gyr cows, compared with that in the ½ Holstein × ½ Gyr cows (39.54 °C vs 39.06 °C, respectively). THI, ETI, and PRR were significantly and positively correlated with the IT of the Girolando cows; however, the PRR was not found to be adequate in indicating the night-time heat stress in cows.

Abstract: One of the main premises of the Dentistry curricular guidelines is the integration of knowledge, bringing together the basic, clinical and public health areas. The aim of this research was to understand how the contents of the “basic cycle” contribute to dentists’ academic training. A qualitative study was performed, and developed through interviews of focal groups consisting of students from 2nd to 4th semester. The analysis produced five categories: decontextualization of social sciences, curricular structure, the gap between the basic and professional cycles, student resignation to the “basic cycle”, and teachers at the core of the process. It was concluded that the dichotomy between the basic and professional cycles complicates curricular integration and compromises students' commitment to their graduation. As a result, it is necessary to incorporate the principles provided in the Dentistry curricular guidelines, such as students’ proactive behavior towards the learning process and the teacher's role as a facilitator.

Resumen: Una de las principales premisas de las directrices curriculares de Odontología es la integración de conocimientos, articulando áreas básicas, clínicas y de salud pública. El objetivo de esta investigación fue comprender cómo los contenidos del “ciclo básico” contribuyen a la formación académica de los dentistas. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, desarrollado a través de entrevistas a grupos focales formados por alumnos de 2o. a 4o. semestre. El análisis mostró cinco categorías: descontextualización de las ciencias sociales, estructura curricular, distancia ciclo básico-ciclo profesional, renuncia al “ciclo básico” y profesores en el núcleo del proceso. Se concluyó que la dicotomía entre los ciclos básico y profesional obstaculiza la integración curricular y compromete la implicación de los estudiantes con su graduación y la incorporación de los principios señalados en las directrices curriculares de Odontología, como el comportamiento proactivo de los estudiantes hacia el proceso de aprendizaje y el papel del profesor como facilitador.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo é descrever os resultados de um Consenso Brasileiro sobre Neuropatia de Fibras Finas (NFF). Quinze neurologistas (membros da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia) revisaram uma versão preliminar do artigo. Onze panelistas se reuniram na cidade de Fortaleza para discutir e terminar o texto para a submissão do manuscrito. NFF pode ser definida como um subtipo de neuropatia caracterizada pelo envolvimento seletivo de fibras sensitivas amielínicas ou pouco mielinizadas. Seu quadro clínico inclui manifestações negativas e positivas: sensitivas (dor/disestesias/prurido) ou queixas sensitivas e autonômicas combinadas, associadas a exame neurológico quase totalmente normal. A eletromiografia convencional é normal. Uma lista crescente de condições médicas causa NFF. NFF também pode servir como uma terminologia útil para referenciar pequenas discrepâncias nos valores normais de diferentes laboratórios de neurofisiologia. Diferentes técnicas podem evidenciar anormalidades sensitivas e/ou autonômicas. São necessários mais estudos para refiná-las e para o desenvolvimento de terapias específicas.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to describe the results of a Brazilian Consensus on Small Fiber Neuropathy (SFN). Fifteen neurologists (members of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology) reviewed a preliminary draft. Eleven panelists got together in the city of Fortaleza to discuss and finish the text for the manuscript submission. Small fiber neuropathy can be defined as a subtype of neuropathy characterized by selective involvement of unmyelinated or thinly myelinated sensory fibers. Its clinical picture includes both negative and positive manifestations: sensory (pain/dysesthesias/pruritus) or combined sensory and autonomic complaints, associated with an almost entirely normal neurological examination. Standard electromyography is normal. A growing list of medical conditions is associated with SFN. The classification of SFN may also serve as a useful terminology to uncover minor discrepancies in the normal values from different neurophysiology laboratories. Several techniques may disclose sensory and/or autonomic impairment. Further studies are necessary to refine these techniques and develop specific therapies.

Resumo Introdução: No Brasil, glomerulopatias são a terceira causa de doença renal crônica terminal, responsáveis por 11% dos pacientes em diálise. Entretanto, estudos sobre a prevalência desta patologia no nordeste do Brasil são escassos. Objetivo: O objetivo foi descrever os achados das biópsias e analisar comparativamente a apresentação clínico laboratorial entre as glomerulopatias primárias (GP) e as glomerulopatias secundárias (GS). Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, realizado em dois hospitais públicos de ensino do estado de Pernambuco, nordeste do Brasil. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 1.151 biópsias, de 1998 a 2016. A amostra foi composta por 670 biópsias de rins nativos, após exclusão de patologias extra glomerulares e materiais inadequados. GP foram mais frequentes do que GS (58% × 42%). Dentre as GP, houve predomínio de glomeruloesclerose segmentar e focal (GESF). Glomerulonefrite membranoproliferativa e glomerulopatia colapsante foram responsáveis por 9% e 3% das GP, respectivamente. Das GS, as etiologias principais foram nefrite lúpica (67%) e infecciosas (10%). Sexo feminino, hematúria e nível elevado de creatinina estiveram relacionadas a uma maior chance de GS na análise multivariada. Síndrome nefrótica foi mais comum dentre as GP, já anormalidades urinárias e síndrome nefrítica prevaleceram nos pacientes com GS. Conclusões: Este é o primeiro registro de glomerulopatias do nordeste do Brasil. Demonstrou-se também uma análise comparativa das principais alterações clínico laboratoriais das GP e GS, com classificações atualizadas das doenças glomerulares.

Abstract Introduction: In Brazil, glomerulopathies are the third leading cause of chronic renal disease, accounting for 11% of dialysis patients. Studies on the prevalence of this disease in Northeastern Brazil are scarce. Objective: The aim was to describe the findings of biopsies and to conduct a comparative analysis on the clinical laboratory presentation of primary glomerulopathies (PG) and secondary glomerulopathies (SG). Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at two public teaching hospitals in the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Results: A total of 1151 biopsies performed between 1998 and 2016 were analyzed. The sample consisted of 670 biopsies of native kidneys, after excluding extra glomerular diseases and unsuitable material. PG were more frequent than SG (58% vs. 42%). There was a prevalence among PG of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (43%). Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and collapsing glomerulopathy, accounted for 9% and 3% of the PG, respectively. For SG, the main etiologies were lupus nephritis (67%) and infections (10%). Female sex, hematuria and an elevated level of creatinine were related to a greater chance of SG, at multivariate analysis. An increase of proteinuria reduced this chance. Nephrotic syndrome was more common among the PG, while urinary abnormalities and nephritic syndrome prevailed in patients with SG. Conclusion: This is the first registry of glomerulopathies in Northeastern Brazil. It also presents a comparative analysis of the main clinical laboratory abnormalities of PG and SG, and includes the current classifications of glomerular diseases.

O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação na Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, utilizando acessos de Brachiaria brizantha. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com arranjo fatorial 2 X 4, sendo dois tratamentos (com e sem déficit hídrico) e quatro genótipos. O grupo de genótipos avaliado foi formado pelas cultivares 'BRS Piatã', 'Marandú', 'Xaraés' e 'BRS Paiaguás', sendo o experimento realizado durante o mês de julho de 2008. As variáveis analisadas foram massa seca total, massa seca de parte aérea, massa seca de raiz, massa seca de colmo, massa seca de folha, taxa de alongamento foliar, área foliar, área foliar específica. O estresse por deficiência hídrica exerceu efeito negativo em todas as características estudadas e em todos os acessos avaliados. A cultivar 'BRS Piatã' foi o genótipo que menos apresentou alteração entre os tratamentos com e sem déficit hídrico, indicando portanto, tolerância dessa cultivar em relação ao estresse por falta de água no solo nessas condições experimentais

The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Embrapa Southeast Livestock, using Brachiaria brizantha accessions. The experimental design was fully randomized blocks with a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement, with two treatments (with and without water deficit) and four genotypes. The group evaluated was formed by genotypes 'BRS Piatã', 'Marandu', 'Xaraés' and 'BRS Paiaguás'. The experiment was conducted during the month of July 2008. The variables analyzed were dry mass of total plant, shoot mass, leaves, stems and roots, leaf elongation rate, leaf area and specific leaf area. The water deficit stress exerted negative effect on all characteristics studied and in all accessions. 'BRS Piatã' was the genotype that showed less change between treatments with and without water deficit, thus indicating tolerance of this cultivar in relation to water stress in the soil under these experimental conditions

In this study, the microclimate changes in silvopastoral systems are quantified at different time and spatial scales and compared with single-pasture systems. The study was conducted in a silvopastoral system in São Carlos, Brazil (22°01' South and 47°53' West). The silvopastoral system consisted of grass pastures [Urochloa (sin. Brachiaria) decumbens cv. Basilik] lined with strips of native trees spaced at 17 m. Continuous microclimate measurements (air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and incident photosynthetically active radiation) were carried out from September 2010 to September 2012 at two positions of the silvopastoral system (2.0 and 8.5 m from the rows of trees) and at a pasture under full sunlight, located in an adjacent area. The soil moisture was monitored weekly from 24 March 2010 to 1 April 2012 at distances of 0.0, 2.0, 4.75, and 8.5 m from the rows of trees. The rows of native trees reduced wind speeds (46% reduction) and changed the photosynthetically active radiation incidence pattern on the pasture (up to 40% reduction of incidence at the point nearest to the trees). The combined action of these factors promoted thermal and air humidity changes on the pasture at the different points measured. With respect to soil moisture, there was greater soil moisture removal at the sampling points near the rows of native trees under the silvopastoral system, mainly due to enhanced exploration by tree roots at greater depths in dry spells or early dry periods, when compared with the midpoints between the rows.