Endophytic microorganisms have been shown to be an important source of bioactive compounds, and much has been studied about their metabolites. For example, compounds with different biological activities have been isolated from Phomopsis sp. The metabolic study of this genus may lead to a better understanding of the routes of production of metabolites of interest. The aim of this study was to map the metabolic profile of Phomopsis sp., isolated as an endophyte of Syzygium jambolanum DC, using culture filtrate. The fungus was cultivated for six weeks in potato dextrose medium under hypoxia and at room temperature. The filtrate was collected weekly, and the analyses were performed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy by applying NOESY1D with suppression of the water signal. The occurrence of reductive routes was verified: alcoholic fermentation throughout cultivation and reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle in the cytosol until the third week of cultivation were observed.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with chronic complications that lead to high morbidity and mortality rates in young adults of productive age. Intensive insulin therapy has been able to reduce the likelihood of the development of chronic diabetes complications. However, this treatment is still associated with an increased incidence of hypoglycemia. In patients with “brittle T1DM”, who have severe hypoglycemia without adrenergic symptoms (hypoglycemia unawareness), islet transplantation may be a therapeutic option to restore both insulin secretion and hypoglycemic perception. The Edmonton group demonstrated that most patients who received islet infusions from more than one donor and were treated with steroid-free immunosuppressive drugs displayed a considerable decline in the initial insulin independence rates at eight years following the transplantation, but showed permanent C-peptide secretion, which facilitated glycemic control and protected patients against hypoglycemic episodes. Recently, data published by the Collaborative Islet Transplant Registry (CITR) has revealed that approximately 50% of the patients who undergo islet transplantation are insulin independent after a 3-year follow-up. Therefore, islet transplantation is able to successfully decrease plasma glucose and HbA1c levels, the occurrence of severe hypoglycemia, and improve patient quality of life. The goal of this paper was to review the human islet isolation and transplantation processes, and to describe the establishment of a human islet isolation laboratory at the Endocrine Division of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre – Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

OBJETIVO: Comparar a frequência dos fatores de risco cardiovascular (FRCV) em obesos com indicação de gastroplastia no pré-operatório e após o sexto mês e o primeiro ano do procedimento, em usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo observacional, longitudinal, prospectivo e analítico, com seleção consecutiva de obesos com indicação cirúrgica, encaminhados para avaliação cardiológica pré-operatória. O protocolo foi constituído de: história clínica, exame físico, eletrocardiograma, ecocardiograma e dosagens bioquímicas. No presente estudo, foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: peso, índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência abdominal (CA), hipertensão arterial Sistêmica (HAS), diabetes mellitus-tipo 2 (DM), dislipidemia (colesterol LDL elevado; colesterol HDL baixo; hipertrigliceridemia) e síndrome metabólica (SM). Para análise estatística foram utilizados os métodos do Qui-quadrado e Tukey-Kramer. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi constituída de 96 obesos. Desses, 86 eram mulheres com idades entre 18 e 58 anos (mediana de 35 anos). Ao final de seis meses, foi observada redução significante de 88%, 95%, 71%, 89% e 80% na frequência de HAS, colesterol LDL elevado, hipertrigliceridemia, DM e SM. Apenas ao final de 12 meses houve significante e modesta redução na frequência de colesterol HDL baixo (24%) e CA anormal (31%). Em seis meses e um ano ,o peso e o IMC sofreram reduções respectivas de 33,4 e 44,3 kg e de 13,1 e 17,2 kg/m². CONCLUSÃO: O impacto positivo na perda de peso, na redução do IMC, da CA e da frequência dos FRCM mostrou-se extremamente significante após seis meses, e se manteve após um ano da gastroplastia.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in obese patients Obesity of the Brazilian Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS) with indication of bariatric surgery during the preoperative period and after the sixth month and the first year of the procedure. METHODS: An observational, longitudinal, prospective, and analytical study was performed, with consecutive selection of obese patients with indication for surgery referred to preoperative cardiac evaluation. The protocol consisted of: medical history, physical examination, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and biochemical analysis. This study analyzed the following variables:weight, body mass index (BMI),waist circumference (WC), systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), diabetes mellitus type 2(DM), dyslipidemia (high LDL cholesterol; low HDL cholesterol; hypertriglyceridemia), and metabolic syndrome (MS). The chi-squared test and the Tukey-Kramer method were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 96 obese people, among which 86 were women, aged between 18 and 58 years old (median 35 years old). At the end of six months, significant reductions of 88%, 95%, 71%, 89%, and 80% in the frequency of SAH, high LDL cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, DM, and MS could already be observed. A significant and small reduction in the frequency of low HDL cholesterol (24%) and abnormal WC (31%) was observed only at the end of 12 months. After six months and one year, weight and BMI experienced reductions of 33.4 kg and 44.3 kg, and 13.1 kg/m2 and 17.2 kg/m2, respectively. CONCLUSION: The positive impact on weight loss and the reduction in BMI, WC, and in the frequency of CVRFs are already extremely significant after six months and remain so one year after bariatric surgery.

Um eqüino de nove anos de idade apresentou ausência de ar expirado e secreção serossanguinolenta na narina direita, associado a ruído respiratório. Os exames endoscópico e radiológico mostraram uma formação de aproximadamente seis centímetros de diâmetro recoberta por mucosa amarelada, que obstruía a cavidade nasal direita e insinuava-se para a cavidade nasal esquerda. Tal massa foi ressecada por meio de sinusotomia frontal direita. O exame histológico e a cultura revelaram lesão granulomatosa causada por fungos. O tratamento pós-operatório compreendeu associação de antibiótico e antiinflamatório, assim como de lavagens com água destilada e chá de camomila.

A 9-year-old horse presented serosanguineous nasal discharge, absence of breath out through the right nostril, and respiratory noise. Endoscopic and radiographic exams revealed a six centimeter diameter mass, covered by yellowish mucosa, which was obstructing the entire right nasal cavity and part of the left one. The mass was excised through a right frontal sinusotomy. The microscopic exam and the culture revealed a fungic granulomatous rhinitis. Antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drugs were postoperatively administered; moreover, camomile tea and distilled water were flushed in a drain placed above the bone flap.

This work present the application of a computer package for generating of projection data for neutron computerized tomography, and in second part, discusses an application of neutron tomography, using the projection data obtained by Monte Carlo technique, for the detection and localization of light materials such as those containing hydrogen, concealed by heavy materials such as iron and lead. For tomographic reconstructions of the samples simulated use was made of only six equal projection angles distributed between 0º and 180º, with reconstruction making use of an algorithm (ARIEM), based on the principle of maximum entropy. With the neutron tomography it was possible to detect and locate polyethylene and water hidden by lead and iron (with 1cm-thick). Thus, it is demonstrated that thermal neutrons tomography is a viable test method which can provide important interior information about test components, so, extremely useful in routine industrial applications.