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au:Couto, Eduardo Guimarães

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Interactions between green manure and rock phosphate on corn production in family farms
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Leite, Marcelo Henrique Siqueira

; Couto, Eduardo Guimarães

; Blesh, Jennifer Marie

; Cremon, Cassiano

; Mapeli, Nilbe Carla

Revista Ceres

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sep 2022, Volume 69 N. 5 Pages 520 - 529

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze whether the use of green manures in association with rock phosphate rates can guarantee corn yields to family farmers. An experiment was conducted with six types of green manures: Mucuna cinereum, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Cajanus cajan, Pennisetum glaucum and a weedy fallow control treatment; and three rates of phosphorus (0, 50 and 100 kg P2O5 ha-1) in a complete randomized block design. The management with Crotalaria juncea achieved the highest dry mass yield (39.3 Mg ha-1) and in year 2 (2016), with the water deficit during the corn cultivation, led to an increase of the root/shoot mass ratio, as well as presented the lowest water deficit sensitivity index (Ky), indicating that it can be an alternative for managing climate change. The highest corn yield (7510 kg ha-1) was obtained in the management with the Crotalaria ochroleuca, which defines it as a technically and economically viable alternative for family farming, with corn yield exceeding the average yield of the State of Mato Grosso and production cost lower than the average production cost of corn in the State of Mato Grosso.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x202269050004

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN GREEN MANURE AND ROCK PHOSPHATE ON SOIL NUTRIENT CYCLING ON FAMILY FARMS
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LEITE, MARCELO HENRIQUE SIQUEIRA

; COUTO, EDUARDO GUIMARÃES

; BLESH, JENNIFER MARIE

Revista Caatinga

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mar 2022, Volume 35 N. 1 Pages 14 - 25

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A agricultura familiar é importante para a produção de alimentos destinados ao consumo humano, porém é carente de recursos para investir na fertilidade do solo de suas lavouras. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar se o uso de adubos verdes aumenta a fertilidade do solo quanto os nutrientes N, P e K com baixo risco ambiental para a produção agrícola familiar. Foi implantado um experimento no Estado de Mato Grosso (Brasil), em Delineamento em Blocos Casualizados, Fatorial 6 x 3, com 4 repetições, sendo 6 tipos de plantas e 3 doses de fósforo. As plantas de adubação verde leguminosas foram: mucuna-cinza, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca e guandu-anão, também se utilizou parcelas com milheto e vegetações espontâneas. Foi aplicado o fosfato natural reativo nas doses de 0, 50 e 100 kg P2O5 ha-1. As espécies utilizadas como adubos verdes foram cortadas no pleno florescimento e determinados os teores de N, P, K e C nas plantas e no solo. As plantas de adubação verde leguminosas, após mineralização, elevaram os estoques de N, P e K do solo. Crotalaria juncea foi à que alcançou o maior acúmulo de N em sua constituição Este trabalho concluiu que os manejos com plantas de adubação verde, com destaque para Crotalaria ochroleuca, são alternativas técnicas recomendáveis para a agricultura familiar.

ABSTRACT Family farming is important for the production of food for human consumption, but it lacks resources to invest in the soil fertility of its crops. The objective of this study was to analyze whether the use of green manures increases soil fertility in terms of the nutrients N, P and K with low environmental risk for family agricultural production. An experiment was set up in the State of Mato Grosso (Brazil), in randomized complete block design, with a 6 x 3 factorial scheme, four replications, corresponding to 6 types of plants and 3 doses of phosphorus. Leguminous green manure plants were: velvet bean, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca and dwarf pigeon pea, in addition to plots with pearl millet and weedy fallow control. Rock phosphate (i.e., reactive natural phosphate) was applied as a source of phosphorus at 0, 50 and 100 kg P2O5 ha-1. The species used as green manure were cut in full bloom and the levels of N, P, K and C in plants and soil were determined. Leguminous green manure plants, after mineralization, increased the stocks of N, P and K in the soil. Crotalaria juncea was the one that reached the highest N accumulation in its constitution, being recommended in the intercropping with species with C/N ratio > 30 to minimize risks of contamination with nitrate in the soil. This work concluded that the managements with green manure plants, especially Crotalaria ochroleuca, are recommended and environmentally safe technical alternatives for family farming.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252022v35n102rc

Agronomy researchers and research scholars in Brazil: Gender, scientific age, scientific production and impact, and training of human resources
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Reichert, José Miguel

; Couto, Eduardo Guimarães

; Schir, Daiane Gonçalves

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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2022, Volume 46 elocation e0210154

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Transparency of evaluation criteria and monitoring recommendations for research grants require careful judgment and frequent reassessment of guiding parameters. The aim of this study is to inform the scientific community and funding agencies about the applicants profile for research productivity grants (PQ) in the field of Agronomy of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), and to contribute to the analysis of grant distribution using the grant applicants of the 2018 call as a study sample. The data registered in the Lattes Curriculum platform were used to quantify the scientific production index. This index considers the number of published articles with different weights for the different segments of the journal’s impact factor values, in addition to the number of patents and books, and human resources training index that considers the number of supervisions and their level (scientific initiation, master’s, doctorate and post-doctorate) completed as principal advisor. The H index (ISI-Web of Science base and Scopus base), scientific age (equal to the number of years after doctorate thesis defense), and the m index (H index divided by scientific age) were also considered, as well as the gender of the fellows. The results show that more than three quarters (75.8 %) of Agronomy PQ fellows are male. At the Category 1 levels and on the Agronomy Committee itself, the relative participation of female researchers is even lower. Women are more involved in human resource training, publish more in non-JCR journals, and are older (scientific age) at the lower level of fellow and among candidates, while men have greater scientific production, H and m indices, and m increase as scientific age advances. The indices of scientific production and human resources training, and national/international insertion (H index) are not homogeneous within the same level/category, despite the search for more transparent and verifiable evaluation indices/indicators. There are fewer opportunities for success and advancement for women, which characterizes a space for achieving gender equity. Objective, easily calculated indices/indicators are absolutely necessary for a large number of researchers, while the critical evaluation and the search for more such parameters must move forward and be compatible with the peer-review process. We suggest that CNPq collect data on citations to Google Scholar and, in particular, share information on gender and interruptions due to illness, maternity and paternity, and care for the sick, elderly or dependent.

https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20210154

Effects of swine manure biochar on sorption equilibrium of cadmium and zinc in sandy soils
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Santos de Assis, Wellyton

; Caldeira do Nascimento, Elisamara

; D'Acunha, Brenda

; dos Santos Weber, Oscarlina Lúcia

; Gaspar Dores, Eliana Freire

; Guimarães Couto, Eduardo

Agronomía Colombiana

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apr 2021, Volume 39 N. 1 Pages 37 - 46

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN El estiércol de cerdo es un residuo agrícola que puede aumentar la fertilidad del suelo. Sin embargo, este residuo tiene un alto contenido de metales pesados, principalmente zinc (Zn) y cadmio (Cd), los cuales no sólo son tóxicos para las plantas y los organismos del suelo, sino que también representan una gran amenaza para la salud humana por su potencial acumulación en la cadena alimentaria. Transformar el estiércol en biocarbón y agregarlo al suelo puede mejorar la capacidad del suelo para retener metales pesados. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue estudiar la capacidad de suelos arenosos mezclados con diferentes dosis de biocarbón de estiércol porcino (BEP) para retener Cd y Zn, y evaluar el equilibrio de sorción de estos metales. Las pruebas de sorción se realizaron agregando soluciones de Zn (ZnCl2) o Cd (CdCl2) en diferentes concentraciones (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 50 y 100 mg L-1) a muestras de suelo mezcladas con diversas dosis de BEP (0, 0.25, 0.75, 1.5, y 3.0% (w/w). Los datos fueron modelados de acuerdo con las isotermas de Freundlich y Langmuir para describir los procesos de adsorción. El modelo de Langmuir representó mejor los datos (R2>0.97), lo que indica una absorción de monocapa a la superficie. Los resultados mostraron que la capacidad de sorción de Zn y Cd aumentó con la dosis de BEP, mejorando la retención de metales. La constante de Langmuir (KL) para el suelo sin BEP para Cd y Zn fue 0.01 L mg-1 y 0.05 L mg-1, respectivamente. Con las dosis más altas de BEP, KL aumentó a 9.86 L mg-1 y 1.26 L mg-1 para Cd y Zn, respectivamente. Los resultados sugieren que el BEP tiene el potencial de mitigar la contaminación por Zn y Cd en suelos arenosos.

ABSTRACT Swine manure is an agricultural waste that can increase soil fertility. However, this residue has a high content of heavy metals, particularly zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd), that are not only toxic to plants and soil organisms but they also pose a great threat to human health due to the potential accumulation of these metals through the food chain. Transforming swine manure into biochar and adding it to soils can improve the soil's capacity to retain heavy metals. The main objective of this research was to study the capacity of sandy soils mixed with different doses of swine manure biochar (SMB) to retain Cd and Zn as well as to evaluate the sorption equilibrium of these metals. Sorption essays were performed by adding solutions of Zn (ZnCl2) or Cd (CdCl2) at different concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 50 and 100 mg L-1) to soil samples mixed with different doses of SMB (0, 0.25, 0.75, 1.5, and 3.0 % (w/w)). The data were modelled using both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models to describe the adsorption processes. The data were best represented by the Langmuir model (R2>0.97), indicating a mono-layer sorption to the surface. Results showed that sorption capacity of Zn and Cd increased with the dose of SMB, improving metal retention. The Langmuir constant (KL) for soil without SMB for Cd and Zn were 0.01 L mg-1 and 0.05 L mg-1, respectively. With the highest dose of SMB, KL increased to 9.86 L mg-1 and 1.26 L mg-1 for Cd and Zn, respectively. Results suggest that SMB has the potential to mitigate Zn and Cd contamination of sandy soils.

https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n1.90918 38 downloads

Variabilidade espacial da erodibilidade no estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil
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Raimo, Luis Augusto Di Loreto Di

; Amorim, Ricardo Santos Silva

; Torres, Gilmar Nunes

; Bocuti, Edwaldo Dias

; Couto, Eduardo Guimarães

Revista de Ciências Agrárias

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mar 2019, Volume 42 N. 1 Pages 61 - 70

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Erodibilidade (K) é a susceptibilidade do solo aos processos erosivos. Conhecer os valores de K de uma região é importante para o planejamento de atividades de conservação do solo que considerem a sua capacidade de uso, nomeadamente em regiões onde a atividade agropecuária é predominante, como no estado de Mato Grosso. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho estimar e mapear a variabilidade espacial do K no estado de Mato Grosso, com o intuito de definir áreas susceptíveis à erosão e, ordens e características de solo que regem suas variações. Foram estimados valores de K para 427 perfis de solo no Mato Grosso e, posteriormente, estes foram espacializados a partir de geoestatística e krigagem. O Mato Grosso possui na maioria do seu território (98%), solos de baixa e média erodibilidade. As áreas mais críticas, de erodibilidade alta, ocupam 1,95% do Estado. Os valores de K nas classes baixa e média foram predominantes nos perfis estudados, no entanto, com exceção dos Gleissolos, em todas as ordens de solo ocorreram ao menos um perfil de alta erodibilidade. Plintossolos e Nitossolos apresentaram as maiores proporções de perfis de alta erodibilidade, com 20% e 33,3%, respectivamente, e os Latossolos a menor, com 2,4%.

Erodibility (K) is the soil susceptibility for erosive processes. Knowing the K values of a region is extremely important for the planning of soil conservation activities, especially in regions where agricultural activity is predominant, as in Mato Grosso State. In this way, the objective of this work was estimate and map the spatial variability of K in Mato Grosso State, in order to define susceptible areas for erosion process and, orders and characteristics that determine these variations. K values were estimated for 427 soil profiles in Mato Grosso State, later these estimates were spatialized by geostatistics and kriging. The Mato Grosso State has in most of its territory (98%) soils of low and medium erodibility. The most critical areas, with high erodibility, occupied 1.95% of the total area. K values in the low and middle classes were predominant in the studied profiles, however, with the exception of the Gleysols, in all the orders of soil occurred at least one profile of high erodibility. Plinthosols and Nitosols presented the highest proportions of high erodibility profiles, with 20% and 33.3%, respectively, and Latosols the lowest, with 2.4%.

https://doi.org/10.19084/RCA18122 719 downloads

Spatio-temporal variability of erosivity in Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Raimo, Luis Augusto Di Loreto Di

; Amorim, Ricardo Santos Silva

; Couto, Eduardo Guimarães

; Nóbrega, Rodolfo Luiz Bezerra

; Torres, Gilmar Nunes

; Bocuti, Edwaldo Dias

; Almeida, Cristiana Oliveira Silva

; Rodrigues, Rafael Vinicius

Revista Ambiente & Água

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2018, Volume 13 N. 6 elocation e2276

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O impacto da chuva com a superfície de solos descobertos pode causar a desagregação de partículas e iniciar processos erosivos. Esta capacidade da chuva causar erosão em solos sem cobertura é chamada de erosividade e é expressa como R na Equação Universal de Perda de Solo. Áreas utilizadas com agricultura apresentam grau de susceptibilidade variável ao longo do ano, devido as oscilações nas taxas de exposição do solo e mudança da vegetação. Considerando que aproximadamente 30 milhões de hectares de Mato Grosso, no Brasil, são utilizados com agricultura, objetivou-se com o presente estudo estimar e mapear a variabilidade espacial e temporal da erosividade em seu território. Primeiramente, foram estimados valores de erosividade mensal (EI30) e anual (R) para 158 estações que, posteriormente, foram espacializados pelo método de krigagem. Observou-se que no estado de Mato Grosso predominam valores muito altos de R ao norte e altos e médio-altos ao sul. O valor médio de R é igual à 8835 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 ano-1, considerado alto. Noventa e um porcento do R se concentra no período entre os meses de outubro e abril, correspondente a estação chuvosa. Os maiores valores de R foram observados nas macrorregiões noroeste, norte, oeste e médio norte do estado de Mato Grosso.

Abstract The impact of rainfall on surfaces lacking vegetal cover can dissociate soil particles, thereby initiating the erosion process. This is known as rainfall erosivity and is expressed by the R factor in the Universal Soil Loss Equation. Agricultural areas often show seasonally erosion susceptibility throughout the year due to oscillations of the soil exposure rate and the vegetation change. Considering that approximately 30 million ha of the Mato Grosso State in Brazil is used for agriculture, this study aimed to predict and map the spatial and temporal variability of its territory. We evaluated the monthly (EI 30) and annual (R) erosivity for 158 rain gauge stations and spatialized the values of EI 30 and R by the Kriging method. It was observed that R values ranked as very high in the north, and high and medium-high in the south of Mato Grosso state. The mean value is 8835 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 year-1, considered high. Ninety-one percent of the annual erosivity was concentrated in the period between October and April, corresponding to the rainy season. The highest R factor values were found in the macro-regions of the northwest, north, west and medium-north of Mato Grosso State.

https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2276 1074 downloads

Genesis and Classification of Sodic Soils in the Northern Pantanal
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Oliveira Junior, Jairo Calderari de

; Chiapini, Mariane

; Nascimento, Alexandre Ferreira do

; Couto, Eduardo Guimarães

; Beirigo, Raphael Moreira

; Vidal-Torrado, Pablo

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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2017, Volume 41 elocation e0170015

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The simultaneous occurrence of high levels of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and alkalinity in soils imposes restrictions on plant development and affects physical properties such as porosity, bulk density, permeability, and hydraulic conductivity. Although sodic soils are frequent in the flood plain of the São Lourenço River, northern Pantanal, Brazil, few studies focus on their formation and classification, especially with regard to specific processes and detailed classification into lower categorical levels by the different systems available. The aim of this study was to identify the predominant pedogenetic processes occurring in sodic soils of the flood plain of the São Lourenço River to understand their genesis and assess how taxonomic classification systems contemplate the variations in soil properties. Five profiles were selected in sites with different progressive stages of dissection from erosion (P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5). At each site, a pit was dug for morphological description of the profiles and for collecting samples for chemical, particle size, mineralogical, micromorphological, and chronological analyses. Each profile was classified according to the Soil Taxonomy, World Reference Base (WRB), and Brazilian Soil Classification System (SiBCS/Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos). Argilluviation is the predominant process, with a localized and intense ferrolysis action in the E/Bt transition zones in profile P5. Soils showed signs of lithologic discontinuity. This makes it difficult to distinguish how much of the textural gradient is inherited from fluvial sedimentation processes and how much is the result of pedogenetic processes. In the most advanced stage of alteration, P5 had a paler color, thickening of the E horizon, and an abrupt and irregular transition entering the Bt horizon in the form of a “tongue”. When passing from the most preserved to the most eroded area, ferrolysis becomes more intense in the E/Bt transition, the electrical conductivity values decrease, and the ESP values increase, suggesting the sodification process. Under Soil Taxonomy criteria, P5 was classified as Natraqualf and the other profiles were classified as Natrudalf; under the WRB, however, all profiles were classified as Solonetz. The SiBCS exhibited variation at the Order level, with P5 classified as Planossolo and the others as Luvissolo. Despite an indication of different processes at the Order level, the SiBCS does not yet contemplate the sodic character in the studied Luvissolos. We propose inclusion of the sodic character at the Great Group level, as has already occurred with other SiBCS classes.

https://doi.org/10.1590/18069657rbcs20170015 1823 downloads

Recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology for the diagnosis and treatment of chikungunya fever. Part 2 - Treatment
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Marques, Claudia Diniz Lopes

; Duarte, Angela Luzia Branco Pinto

; Ranzolin, Aline

; Dantas, Andrea Tavares

; Cavalcanti, Nara Gualberto

; Gonçalves, Rafaela Silva Guimarães

; Rocha Junior, Laurindo Ferreira da

; Valadares, Lilian David de Azevedo

; Melo, Ana Karla Guedes de

; Freire, Eutilia Andrade Medeiros

; Teixeira, Roberto

; Neto, Francisco Alves Bezerra

; Medeiros, Marta Maria das Chagas

; Carvalho, Jozélio Freire de

; Santos, Mario Sergio F.

; Océa, Regina Adalva de L. Couto

; Levy, Roger A.

; Andrade, Carlos Augusto Ferreira de

; Pinheiro, Geraldo da Rocha Castelar

; Abreu, Mirhelen Mendes

; Verztman, José Fernando

; Merenlender, Selma

; Ribeiro, Sandra Lucia Euzebio

; Costa, Izaias Pereira da

; Pileggi, Gecilmara

; Trevisani, Virginia Fernandes Moça

; Lopes, Max Igor Banks

; Brito, Carlos

; Figueiredo, Eduardo

; Queiroga, Fabio

; Feitosa, Tiago

; Tenório, Angélica da Silva

; Siqueira, Gisela Rocha de

; Paiva, Renata

; Vasconcelos, José Tupinambá Sousa

; Christopoulos, Georges

Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia

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2017, Volume 57 Suppl. 2 Pages s438 - s451

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A febre chikungunya tem se tornado um importante problema de saúde pública nos países onde ocorrem as epidemias, visto que metade dos casos evolui com artrite crônica, persistente e incapacitante. Os dados na literatura sobre terapêuticas específicas nas diversas fases da artropatia ocasionada pela infecção pelo vírus chikungunya (CHIKV) são limitados, não existem estudos randomizados de qualidade que avaliem a eficácia das diferentes terapias. Há algumas poucas publicações sobre o tratamento das manifestações musculoesqueléticas da febre chikungunya, porém com importantes limitações metodológicas. Os dados atualmente disponíveis não permitem conclusões favoráveis ou contrárias a terapêuticas específicas, bem como uma adequada avaliação quanto à superioridade entre as diferentes medicações empregadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar recomendações para o tratamento da febre chikungunya no Brasil. Foi feita uma revisão da literatura com seleção de artigos baseados em evidência, nas bases de dados Medline, SciELO, PubMed e Embase e de resumos de anais de congressos, além da opinião dos especialistas para dar apoio às decisões tomadas para definir as recomendações. Para a definição do grau de concordância foi feita uma metodologia Delphi, em duas reuniões presenciais e várias rodadas de votação on line. Este artigo refere-se à parte 2 das Recomendações da Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia para Diagnóstico e Tratamento da Febre Chikungunya, que trata especificamente do tratamento.

Abstract Chikungunya fever has become an important public health problem in countries where epidemics occur because half of the cases progress to chronic, persistent and debilitating arthritis. Literature data on specific therapies at the various phases of arthropathy caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection are limited, lacking quality randomized trials assessing the efficacies of different therapies. There are a few studies on the treatment of musculoskeletal manifestations of chikungunya fever, but these studies have important methodological limitations. The data currently available preclude conclusions favorable or contrary to specific therapies, or an adequate comparison between the different drugs used. The objective of this study was to develop recommendations for the treatment of chikungunya fever in Brazil. A literature review was performed via evidence-based selection of articles in the databases Medline, SciELO, PubMed and Embase and conference proceedings abstracts, in addition to expert opinions to support decision-making in defining recommendations. The Delphi method was used to define the degrees of agreement in 2 face-to-face meetings and several online voting rounds. This study is part 2 of the Recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology (Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia - SBR) for the Diagnosis and Treatment of chikungunya fever and specifically addresses treatment.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbre.2017.06.004 38509 downloads

Recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology for diagnosis and treatment of Chikungunya fever. Part 1 - Diagnosis and special situations
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Marques, Claudia Diniz Lopes

; Duarte, Angela Luzia Branco Pinto

; Ranzolin, Aline

; Dantas, Andrea Tavares

; Cavalcanti, Nara Gualberto

; Gonçalves, Rafaela Silva Guimarães

; Rocha Junior, Laurindo Ferreira da

; Valadares, Lilian David de Azevedo

; Melo, Ana Karla Guedes de

; Freire, Eutilia Andrade Medeiros

; Teixeira, Roberto

; Bezerra Neto, Francisco Alves

; Medeiros, Marta Maria das Chagas

; Carvalho, Jozélio Freire de

; Santos, Mario Sergio F.

; Océa, Regina Adalva de L. Couto

; Levy, Roger A.

; Andrade, Carlos Augusto Ferreira de

; Pinheiro, Geraldo da Rocha Castelar

; Abreu, Mirhelen Mendes

; Verztman, José Fernando

; Merenlender, Selma

; Ribeiro, Sandra Lucia Euzebio

; Costa, Izaias Pereira da

; Pileggi, Gecilmara

; Trevisani, Virginia Fernandes Moça

; Lopes, Max Igor Banks

; Brito, Carlos

; Figueiredo, Eduardo

; Queiroga, Fabio

; Feitosa, Tiago

; Tenório, Angélica da Silva

; Siqueira, Gisela Rocha de

; Paiva, Renata

; Vasconcelos, José Tupinambá Sousa

; Christopoulos, Georges

Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia

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2017, Volume 57 Suppl. 2 Pages s421 - s437

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A febre chikungunya tem se tornado um importante problema de saúde pública nos países onde ocorrem as epidemias. Até 2013, as Américas haviam registrado apenas casos importados quando, em outubro desse mesmo ano, foram notificados os primeiros casos na Ilha de Saint Martin, no Caribe. No Brasil, os primeiros relatos autóctones foram confirmados em setembro de 2014 e até a semana epidemiológica 37 de 2016 já haviam sido registrados 236.287 casos prováveis de infecção pelo chikungunya vírus (CHIKV), 116.523 confirmados sorologicamente. As mudanças ambientais causadas pelo homem, o crescimento urbano desordenado e o número cada vez maior de viagens internacionais têm sido apontados como os fatores responsáveis pela reemergência de epidemias em grande escala. Caracterizada clinicamente por febre e dor articular na fase aguda, em cerca de metade dos casos existe evolução para a fase crônica (além de três meses), com dor persistente e incapacitante. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar recomendações para diagnóstico e tratamento da febre chikungunya no Brasil. Para isso, foi feita revisão da literatura nas bases de dados Medline, SciELO e PubMed, para dar apoio às decisões tomadas para definir as recomendações. Para a definição do grau de concordância foi feita uma metodologia Delphi, em duas reuniões presenciais e várias rodadas de votação on line. Foram geradas 25 recomendações, divididas em três grupos temáticos: (1) diagnóstico clínico, laboratorial e por imagem; (2) situações especiais e (3) tratamento. Na primeira parte estão os dois primeiros temas e o tratamento na segunda.

Abstract Chikungunya fever has become a relevant public health problem in countries where epidemics occur. Until 2013, only imported cases occurred in the Americas, but in October of that year, the first cases were reported in Saint Marin island in the Caribbean. The first autochthonous cases were confirmed in Brazil in September 2014; until epidemiological week 37 of 2016, 236,287 probable cases of infection with Chikungunya virus had been registered, 116,523 of which had serological confirmation. Environmental changes caused by humans, disorderly urban growth and an ever-increasing number of international travelers were described as the factors responsible for the emergence of large-scale epidemics. Clinically characterized by fever and joint pain in the acute stage, approximately half of patients progress to the chronic stage (beyond 3 months), which is accompanied by persistent and disabling pain. The aim of the present study was to formulate recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of Chikungunya fever in Brazil. A literature review was performed in the MEDLINE, SciELO and PubMed databases to ground the decisions for recommendations. The degree of concordance among experts was established through the Delphi method, involving 2 in-person meetings and several online voting rounds. In total, 25 recommendations were formulated and divided into 3 thematic groups: (1) clinical, laboratory and imaging diagnosis; (2) special situations; and (3) treatment. The first 2 themes are presented in part 1, and treatment is presented in part 2.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbre.2017.05.006 37996 downloads

10.

DINÂMICA DOS ATRIBUTOS FÍSICO-QUÍMICOS E VARIAÇÃO SAZONAL DOS ESTOQUES DE CARBONO NO SOLO EM DIFERENTES FITOFISIONOMIAS DO PANTANAL NORTE MATO-GROSSENSE
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Mello, Juliana Milesi

; Couto, Eduardo Guimarães

; Amorim, Ricardo Silva Santos

; Chig, Léo Adriano

; Johnson, Mark Stephen

; Lobo, Francisco Almeida

Revista Árvore

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apr 2015, Volume 39 N. 2 Pages 325 - 336

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O bioma Pantanal pode ser considerado um ambiente de hipersazonalidade, onde há um período de inundação pronunciada seguido por extenso período seco com temperaturas muito elevadas. A diversidade de suas fitofisionomias ocasiona aportes de carbono para o solo em quantidade e qualidade distintas. Com esse foco, este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar o efeito do ciclo hidrológico do Pantanal (enchente, cheia, vazante e estiagem) sobre a dinâmica do estoque carbono orgânico do solo nas fitofisionomias de Cambarazal, de Floresta Ripária, de Cordilheira e de Espinheiral. Verificou-se que as fitofisionomias puderam ser separadas pela análise de componentes principais (ACP) em três grupos distintos, caracterizados pela reserva de nutrientes e pela acidez do solo. O estoque de carbono do solo está condicionado por fatores sazonais e igualmente dependentes da fitofisionomia local que ocorreram nas fitofisionomias que apresentaram maior nível de fertilidade natural, ou seja, respectivamente o Cambarazal e o Espinheiral. O maior teor de carbono foi observado no período de enchente, na maioria das fitofisionomias, e o menor estoque de carbono aconteceu no período de vazante (2008), após o período de anaerobiose em razão da enchente e antes que o período seco passasse a ser determinante.

The Pantanal biome may be considered a hyperseasonal environment where there is a flooded period followed by an extended dry period with very high temperatures. The diversity of vegetation types modify the input of carbon into the soil in different quantity and quality. With this focus, this study aimed to verify the effect of the hydrological Pantanal Cycle (rising, flood, low tide and dry season), on the dynamics of soil organic carbon stock in different vegetation types of Cambarazal, Riparian Forest, Mountain Range and Thorn-Scrub. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified three distinct groups, characterized by nutrient reserves and by soil acidity. The carbon stock of the soil is conditioned by seasonal factors and equally dependent on the local vegetation type that occurred in vegetation types that showed the highest level of natural fertility, respectively, Cambarazal and Thorn-Scrub. The highest carbon content was observed during the flood period, for most vegetation types and the lowest carbon stock occurred during the period of low tide in 2008, just after a period of anaerobiosis due to the flood and before the dry season became predominant.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-67622015000200012 3094 downloads

11.

Geoquímica de solos do pantanal norte, Mato Grosso
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Coringa, Elaine de Arruda Oliveira

; Couto, Eduardo Guimarães

; Torrado, Pablo Vidal

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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dec 2014, Volume 38 N. 6 Pages 1784 - 1793

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A caracterização e análise geoquímica de solos permitem compreender os processos de migração, dispersão e concentração de elementos químicos no perfil, embasando a correlação dos atributos deles com as classes de solos formadas, o que possibilita inferências acerca das gêneses desses solos. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivos caracterizar e interpretar a composição geoquímica total de elementos maiores e menores em classes de solos representativas do Pantanal norte, na sub-região de Barão de Melgaço, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Foram selecionados 20 perfis das principais classes de solos do Pantanal e analisadas amostras dos horizontes A e B (ou C) quanto à concentração de óxidos totais por espectrometria de fluorescência de raios-X, além das caracterizações física, química e mineralógica. Os solos subdividiram-se em dois tipos geoquímicos: um composto por textura arenosa a franco-arenosa com teores relativamente elevados de SiO2 e predominância de caulinita e quartzo, com menor teor de bases e elementos-traço; e outro composto por textura mais argilosa, geoquimicamente heterogêneos e com teores significativos de minerais 2:1, Al2O3, óxidos de Fe e Mn, bases e elementos-traço.

Characterization and geochemical analysis of soils allows us to understand the processes of migration, dispersal, and concentration of chemical elements in the profile, serving as a basis for correlation of soil properties with the soil classes formed, which allows inferences about soil genesis. The aim of this study was to characterize and interpret the total geochemical composition of major and minor elements in soil classes representative of the northern Pantanal in the Barão de Melgaço subregion, Mato Grosso (Brazil). We selected 20 profiles of the major soil types of the Pantanal and analyzed samples of the A and B (or C) horizons in regard to the concentration of total oxides by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, as well as physical, chemical, and mineralogical characterization. The soils are subdivided into two geochemical types: one composed of sandy to sandy loam soils with relatively high levels of SiO2 and predominance of kaolinite and quartz, with lower levels of trace elements and bases; and another composed of a more clayey soil texture, geochemically heterogeneous, with significant contents of 2:1 clay minerals, Al2O3, Fe and Mn oxides, alkalis, and trace elements.

4187 downloads

12.

Genesis of textural contrasts in subsurface soil horizons in the Northern Pantanal-Brazil
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Nascimento, Alexandre Ferreira do

; Furquim, Sheila Aparecida Correia

; Couto, Eduardo Guimarães

; Beirigo, Raphael Moreira

; Oliveira Júnior, Jairo Calderari de

; Camargo, Plínio Barbosa de

; Vidal-Torrado, Pablo

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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oct 2013, Volume 37 N. 5 Pages 1113 - 1127

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O Pantanal caracteriza-se por ser uma planície inundável quaternária, com sedimentação predominantemente na forma de leques aluviais. Na evolução geomorfológica e sedimentar, é inerente a esse sistema deposicional o processo de avulsão, cuja dinâmica, associada aos fluxos de águas superficiais de cheias, impõe diferenças sedimentares importantes nessa planície. O entendimento e a diferenciação desses dois eventos podem ajudar na compreensão da variabilidade dos atributos e da distribuição dos solos associados a esses processos sedimentares. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a gênese de solos do Pantanal Norte que apresentam contrastes texturais em profundidade e sua relação com a dinâmica do sistema deposicional. Quatro perfis foram estudados na região de Barão de Melgaço, MT (RPPN SESC Pantanal), dois próximos ao rio Cuiabá (AP1 e AP4) e dois próximos ao rio São Lourenço (AP10 e AP11). No AP11, os horizontes apresentam contrastes granulométricos desde a base do perfil até a superfície. No AP1, AP4 e AP10, os horizontes sobrejacentes a uma camada arenosa possuem granulometria semelhante entre si, principalmente na distribuição de areia. No primeiro caso, os fluxos de cheias, ou seja, de águas superficiais, parecem ter originado os horizontes e as camadas contrastantes na textura; no segundo, a avulsão é o processo mais evidente. Dessa forma, as duas vias podem formar solos com contrastes texturais e é possível distingui-los no campo pela morfologia, pois possuem peculiaridades que estão associadas aos processos sedimentares responsáveis pelos depósitos.

The Pantanal region can be characterized as a quaternary floodplain with predominant sedimentation in the form of alluvial fans. In the geomorphologic and sedimentary evolution, the avulsion process is inherent to this depositional system and its dynamics, together with surface water floods, influence soil sedimentation on this plain. The knowledge and differentiation of these two events can contribute to a better understanding of the variability of soil properties and distribution under the influence of these sedimentation processes. Therefore, this study investigated the genesis of soils in the Northern Pantanal with textural contrasts in deeper horizons and their relationship with the depositional system dynamics. We analyzed four soil profiles in the region of Barão de Melgaço, Mato Grosso State, Brazil (RPPN SESC Pantanal). Two profiles were sampled near the Rio Cuiabá (AP1 and AP4) and two near the Rio São Lourenço (AP10 and AP11). In AP11, the horizons contrast in particle size between the profile basis and the surface. In AP1, AP4 and AP10, the horizons overlaying the sand layer have similar particle size properties, mainly in terms of sand distribution. In the first case, floods (surface water) seem to have originated the horizons and layers with contrasting texture. In the second case, avulsion is the most pronounced process. Therefore, the two modes can form soils with contrasting texture that are discriminable by soil morphology, based on the distinct features associated to the specific sedimentation processes.

3860 downloads Cited 3 times in SciELO

13.

Monitoramento contínuo do potencial redox e de variáveis complementares em ambiente hipersazonal no Pantanal Norte
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Messias, Indira Ashant Martins

; Couto, Eduardo Guimarães

; Amorim, Ricardo Silva Santos

; Johnson, Mark Stephen

; Pinto Junior, Osvaldo Borges

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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jun 2013, Volume 37 N. 3 Pages 632 - 639

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A análise conjunta do potencial redox com outras variáveis pode ser útil para o entendimento da dinâmica dos solos hidromórficos, ao longo de todo o ciclo hidrológico a que o Pantanal está submetido. Neste trabalho, foram estudados o potencial redox e algumas variáveis do solo (CO2, O2, temperatura, umidade e potencial matricial) pelo monitoramento contínuo e ininterrupto. Para isso, foram realizadas determinações nas profundidades de 10 e 30 cm num Planossolo Háplico alítico gleissólico, na fitofisionomia Cerrado sensu stricto. O trabalho foi realizado de fevereiro de 2010 a julho de 2011 na RPPN (Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural/Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação - SNUC), Estância Ecológica SESC (Serviço Social do Comércio) Pantanal, município de Barão de Melgaço, nordeste do Pantanal de Mato Grosso. Os valores do potencial redox variaram de 636 mV (enchente) a -341 mV (cheia), caracterizando ambiente anaeróbico na estação da cheia e ambiente oxidado nas demais estações do ciclo hidrológico, o que indica que o potencial redox é ferramenta versátil para compreender as reações de oxirredução nos solos hidromórficos do Pantanal mato-grossense, pois os valores diminuíram quando o teor de umidade era elevado. Além disto, o estudo evidenciou também que o monitoramento contínuo de variáveis complementares pode ser importante por permitir análise mais aprofundada das condições de hipersazonalidade, em que esses solos estão submetidos. Neste contexto, o potencial matricial e a umidade foram as variáveis de maior importância para explicar a variação do conjunto de dados obtidos ao longo do ciclo hidrológico, o que indica que esses parâmetros físicos são determinantes nos processos biológicos desse solo tropical com hipersazonalidade hídrica.

The analysis of redox potential and other associated soil variables may be useful for understanding the dynamics of hydromorphic soils throughout the water cycle of the Pantanal. This study investigated the redox potential and soil variables (CO2, O2, temperature, moisture and matric potential) by continuous and uninterrupted monitoring. Measurements were made at 10 and 30 cm depth in a Haplic alitic gleisolic Planossol soil with Cerrado sensu stricto vegetation, in the municipality of Barão do Melgaço in the northeastern Pantanal. Redox potential values ranged from 636 mV (rising water period) to -341 mV (flooded period), characterizing an anaerobic environment when flooded and an oxidized environment in the other seasons of the hydrological cycle. This confirmed the redox potential as a versatile indicator to understand the oxidative-reductive reactions in the hydromorphic soils of the Pantanal wetlands, since the redox values decreased when soil moisture was high. The study also showed that continuous and uninterrupted monitoring of additional variables can be important for further analyses of the hyperseasonal nature of these soils. Soil matrix potential and soil moisture were the variables that explained most variation in the data of the hydrological cycle, indicating that these physical parameters are crucial for biological processes in this tropical soil with hydric hyperseasonality.

3429 downloads

14.

Indicativos de descontinuidade litológica de regolitos derivados de granitos em uma microbacia sob floresta Amazônica, em Juruena - MT
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Novaes Filho, João Paulo

; Couto, Eduardo Guimarães

; Rodrigues, Luiz Carlos Mattos

; Chig, Léo Adriano

; Johnson, Mark S

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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apr 2012, Volume 36 N. 2 Pages 317 - 324

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

As paisagens tropicais são caracterizadas por possuírem complexas coberturas superficiais que trazem consigo os registros de processos que ocorreram durante os períodos geológicos antecedentes. Porém, é comum as camadas verticais de uma paisagem apresentarem características morfológicas aparentemente homogêneas, dificultando, assim, a identificação da natureza do material de origem dos seus estratos. Objetivou-se estudar regolitos (solum + saprolito) derivados de granitos do Complexo Xingu em uma microbacia sob vegetação de floresta amazônica, a partir de atributos indicadores de sua formação. Predominam na área estudada Latossolos Vermelho-Amarelos e Plintossolos. Foram coletadas amostras em quatro pontos da paisagem: um no platô, dois na encosta e um no sopé; as profundidades de coleta foram de 0-0,6, 0,6-1,0 m e, a partir de 1,0 m, a cada metro de profundidade até atingir 8,0 m, ou a rocha. Os resultados das relações Ki, Kr, Zr/Ti e areia fina/areia grossa (AF/AG) foram discutidos, permitindo identificar alguns aspectos dos processos de formação dos regolitos da microbacia. Os regolitos dos pontos 1 (platô) e 3 (encosta 2) possuem material de origem ex-situ; o ponto 2 (encosta 1) possui a sua gênese dentro de uma sequência normal de intemperismo, sem aporte de material externo; e o ponto 4, localizado no sopé da paisagem, apresentou algumas diferenças nos materiais próximos da superfície - indicativo de deposição de material das partes mais altas do relevo. Dos atributos utilizados, a relação Zr/Ti, juntamente com a relação AF/AG, foi mais eficiente na identificação de descontinuidades de material de origem dos regolitos.

Tropical landscapes are characterized by complex surface mantles which carry the marks of processes that took place during previous geological periods. However, it is common for vertical layers in the landscape to show morphological characteristics apparently homogeneous, thus hampering the identification of the nature of the source material of their strata. The objective of this study was to analyze the regolith (solum + saprolite) formation from granite of the Xingu Complex in a small watershed covered with Amazonian forest, based on pedological soil indicators. The predominant soils in the study area were Oxisols and Plinthosols. Soil samples were collected from four positions: one on the plateau, two on a hillslope and one at a footslope, from the layers 0-0.6, 0.6-1.0 m and then every meter down to 8.0 m, or until bedrock was reached. The Ki, Kr, zirconium/titanium (Zr/Ti) and fine sand/coarse sand (AF/AG) ratios were used to identify aspects of the processes of regolith formation in the small watershed. The regoliths at site 1 (summit) and 3 ( hillslope 2) were formed from ex-situ soil material; site 2 (hillslope 1) was formed in a normal sequence of weathering, with no indication of contribution of allochthonous material; however, at site 4, a footslope, some differences were observed in the topsoil, suggesting the deposition of material from the higher parts of the landscape. The ratios Zr/Ti and AF/AG were more effective as indicators of the lithological discontinuity of granite regolith.

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15.

Atributos de solos hidromórficos no Pantanal Norte Matogrossense
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Coringa, Elaine de Arruda Oliveira

; Couto, Eduardo Guimarães

; Otero Perez, Xosé Luis

; Torrado, Pablo Vidal

Acta Amazonica

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mar 2012, Volume 42 N. 1 Pages 19 - 28

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Os solos hidromórficos, comuns na Amazônia e no Pantanal, estão sujeitos à alternância natural de períodos de alagamento e secamento, que conduzem a uma formação e características diferenciadas. Estes solos guardam estreita relação com a natureza do material de origem e com os processos de deposição e sedimentação. O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar as características químicas, morfológicas e mineralógicas de três perfis de solos do Pantanal Norte Matogrossense (Planossolo, Plintossolo e Gleissolo), a fim de interpretar as relações entre suas propriedades e o ambiente em que foram formados. Os Planossolos e Gleissolos possuem maior fertilidade natural, evidenciada pelos valores expressivos de CTC (capacidade de troca de cátions) e saturação por bases. Os menores teores de Fe2O3 do Planossolo estão relacionados com a redução e remoção do Fe durante sua gênese A mineralogia da fração areia dos solos é constituída principalmente de quartzo, nódulos e concreções de Fe e de Mn, e em menor grau, biotita, muscovita e traços de turmalina, magnetita, ilmenita, epídoto, zircão e rutilo. Os solos apresentaram perfil mineralógico semelhante na fração argila, constituído por caulinita, esmectita, ilita e interestratificados do tipo ilita-esmectita. A mineralogia da fração argila dos solos foi compatível com as diferenças químicas constatadas entre eles, pois o Planossolo apresentou argila de maior atividade relativa às esmectitas e interestratificados ilita/esmectita, com maior soma de bases trocáveis e CTC, enquanto o Plintossolo e o Gleissolo, cujo mineral predominante foi a caulinita, apresentaram baixo teor de bases trocáveis e menor CTC.

The hydromorphic soils, common in the Amazon and the Pantanal, are subject to alternating periods of natural flooding and drying, leading to formation and differentiated characteristics. These soils are closely related to the nature of the sediments, a consequence of the source material and the processes of deposition and sedimentation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical, mineralogical, and morphological profiles of three soils in the North Brazilian Pantanal North (Solonetz, Plinthosol and Gleysol) in order to interpret the relations between their properties and the environment in which they were formed. The Solonetz and Gleysol have higher fertility, as evidenced by the significant values of CEC (cation exchange rate) and base saturation. The lowest levels of Fe2O3 in the Solonetz are related to the reduction and removal of Fe during its genesis. The mineralogy of sand fraction consists mainly of quartz, nodules and concretions of Fe and Mn and to a lesser extent, biotite, muscovite and traces of tourmaline, magnetite, ilmenite, epidote, zircon and rutile. The soil profile was similar in clay mineralogy, consisting of kaolinite, smectite, illite and interstratified illite-smectite type. The clay mineralogy of soils was consistent with the observed chemical differences between them, as the clay Planossolo showed greater activity on smectite and interstratified illite / smectite, with greater total exchangeable bases and CEC, while the Plinthosol and Gleysol, whose predominant mineral was kaolinite, showed a low content of exchangeable bases and lower CEC.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672012000100003 12661 downloads

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