ABSTRACT Purpose: To characterize the extracellular vesicle protein cargo in the aqueous humor and plasma of patients with ocular toxoplasmosis. Methods: Aqueous humor and plasma were collected from six patients with active ocular toxoplasmosis and six patients with cataract. Extracellular vesicles were isolated, and western blotting and mass spectrometry were performed for protein analysis. Results: All plasma samples from patients with ocular toxoplasmosis and cataract were positive for the tetraspanins CD63 and TSG101. However, the aqueous humor from patients with ocular toxoplasmosis was positive only for CD63. Sixty-seven new unreported proteins were identified in the aqueous humor and plasma of patients with the ocular toxoplasmosis and cataract. Of the 67 proteins, 10 and 7 were found only in the cataract and ocular toxoplasmosis groups, respectively. In general, these proteins were involved in immune system activation and retina homeostasis and were related to infections and retina-associated diseases. Conclusion: The distinct protein signatures between ocular toxoplasmosis and cataract may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis. However, more studies are needed to better understand the role of these proteins in the pathogenesis of ocular toxoplasmosis. Purpose Methods isolated analysis Results CD CD6 TSG101 TSG However Sixtyseven Sixty seven 6 1 groups respectively general retinaassociated associated diseases Conclusion TSG10 TSG1

RESUMO Regiões com climas semiáridos apresentam condições ambientais que resultam em estresses abióticos às plantas. A maior área de produção de melão (Cucumis melo L.) do Brasil, o Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, possui essas características climáticas. O uso de bioestimulantes nesses sistemas de produção pode mitigar os efeitos dos estresses abióticos e aumentar a produtividade e a qualidade dos frutos. O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar as características fisiológicas e de produção do meloeiro, sob aplicação de bioestimulantes. Os bioestimulantes Acadian®, Folicist® e Nov@® foram aplicados e comparados ao tratamento controle (sem bioestimulantes), em melões ‘Goldex’ e ‘McLaren’. Nov@® proporcionou maior assimilação de CO2, transpiração e condutância estomática, assim como ascorbato peroxidase em ‘Goldex’ e ‘McLaren’. Maior catalase foi obtida pela aplicação de Nov@®, enquanto que o uso de Folicist® resultou em maior teor de malondialdeído. A cultivar McLaren apresentou o melhor desempenho fisiológico e bioquímico e a ‘Goldex’ o melhor rendimento. Folicist® promove adaptações fisiológicas aos estresses sem prejudicar a atividade fotossintética. Os bioestimulantes aumentaram a produtividade e o número de frutos por planta e promoveram adaptações fisiológicas às condições semiáridas. plantas Cucumis L. L Brasil Norte climáticas meloeiro Acadian Acadian® Folicist Nov Nov@ bioestimulantes, , bioestimulantes) ‘Goldex Goldex ‘McLaren. ‘McLaren . ‘McLaren’ CO2 CO estomática malondialdeído rendimento fotossintética semiáridas

ABSTRACT Regions with semi-arid climates have environmental conditions that result in abiotic stress to plants. The largest melon (Cucumis melo L.) production area in Brazil, the state of Rio Grande do Norte, has these climatic characteristics. Use of biostimulants in these production systems can mitigate effects of abiotic stress and increase yield and fruit quality. The objective in this study was to evaluate the physiological and production characteristics of melon, under the application of biostimulants. The biostimulants Acadian®, Folicist® and Nov@® were applied and compared to the control treatment (no biostimulants), in ‘Goldex’ and ‘McLaren’ melons. Nov@® led to higher CO2 assimilation, transpiration and stomatal conductance, as well as ascorbate peroxidase, in ‘Goldex’ and ‘McLaren’. Greater catalase was obtained with the application of Nov@®, while the use of Folicist® resulted in higher malondialdehyde content. The cultivar ‘McLaren’ exhibited the best physiological and biochemical performance, and ‘Goldex’ the best yield. Folicist® promotes physiological adaptations to stress without impairing photosynthetic activity. The biostimulants increased yield and number of fruits per plant and promoted physiological adaptations to semi-arid conditions. semiarid semi arid plants Cucumis L. L Brazil Norte quality Acadian Acadian® Folicist Nov Nov@ no biostimulants, , biostimulants) ‘Goldex Goldex ‘McLaren McLaren melons CO assimilation conductance peroxidase ‘McLaren. . content performance activity

In the present work, three series of cinnamic (1), p-coumaric (2) and ferulic (3) esters containing different side-chains such as ethyl (1a-3a), n-propyl (1b-3b), n-butyl (1c-3c), n-pentyl (1d-3d), n-hexyl (1e-3e), and n-heptyl (1f-3f) were prepared, tested for activity against trypomastigote forms of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and toxicity against NCTC cells. Obtained results indicated that the presence of p-coumaric or ferulic moieties associated with C4-C7 linear side-chains play an important role in the bioactivity against T. cruzi since compounds 2c-2f and 3d-3f were found to be the most active derivatives with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) value ranging from 12.8 to 1.7 μM, superior to that determined for the positive control benznidazole (EC50 = 16.4 μM). Additionally, machine learning and multivariate statistical analyses identified molecular features correlated with biological activity, emphasizing the importance of side-chain length and lipophilicity, highlighting the significance of the molecular structure of phenylpropanoid derivatives in the activity against T. cruzi. work 1, 1 , (1) pcoumaric p coumaric 2 (2 3 (3 sidechains side chains 1a3a, 1a3a aa 1a 3a (1a-3a) npropyl n propyl 1b3b, 1b3b bb 1b 3b b (1b-3b) nbutyl butyl 1c3c, 1c3c cc 1c 3c c (1c-3c) npentyl pentyl 1d3d, 1d3d dd 1d 3d d (1d-3d) nhexyl hexyl 1e3e, 1e3e ee 1e 3e e (1e-3e) nheptyl heptyl 1f3f ff 1f 3f f (1f-3f prepared cells C4C7 CC C4 C7 C C4-C T 2c2f cf 2c 2f 3d3f df EC50 EC 128 12 8 12. 17 7 1. μM (EC5 164 16 4 16. μM. . μM) Additionally sidechain chain lipophilicity (1 ( (1a-3a (1b-3b (1c-3c (1d-3d (1e-3e C4C EC5 (EC

The increase in the average temperature of the Earth due to excess CO2 and other greenhouse gases has caused glaciers to melt and sea levels to rise. The burning of fossil fuels is one of the main causes of this problem, so the use of biofuels is important for mitigating this environmental impact. In Brazil, biodiesel is mixed with mineral; however, irregularities have been detected, reducing the expected positive effects. Therefore, this study proposes the use of multivariate curve resolution with alternating least squares (MCR ALS) to quantify the content of methyl palm oil biodiesel in diesel blends and determine the concentration of the adulterant automotive lubricating oil in the blend. The model for quantifying biodiesel in diesel obtained R2 = 0.9997, root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) = 0.56% (v v-1) and prediction (RMSEP) = 0.65% (v v-1), while the determination of adulteration in the biodiesel-diesel blend showed RMSEC = 0.67% (v v-1), RMSEP = 0.81% (v v-1) and R2 = 0.9992. These results demonstrate the ability of the models developed to predict both the content and quantity of possible adulterants in blends of palm oil biodiesel and mineral diesel, contributing to the quality control of this fuel. CO rise problem impact Brazil however detected effects Therefore MCR ALS R 09997 0 9997 0.9997 (RMSEC 056 56 0.56 v v1 1 v-1 (RMSEP 065 65 0.65 v1, , biodieseldiesel 067 67 0.67 081 81 0.81 09992 9992 0.9992 fuel 0999 999 0.999 05 5 0.5 v- 06 6 0.6 08 8 0.8 099 99 0.99 0. 09 9 0.9

APPLICATION OF MASS SPECTROMETRY WITH PAPER SPRAY IONIZATION AND THE OPLS-DA CHEMOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF PROSTATE CANCER BY ANALYSIS OF URINE SAMPLES. In this study, paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PSI-MS) allied to orthogonal projections on the latent structure-discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) was employed to differentiate urine samples from patients with prostate cancer and control individuals (without prostate cancer). The parameters of sensitivity, specificity, efficiency and Matthew’s correlation coefficient determined to analyze the efficiency and quality of the OPLS-DA model obtained a value equal to 1, which means, respectively, that the model has a good performance to correctly classify true positive samples and true negatives. These results showed 100% correct classification of the samples from the training and test set, demonstrating a high efficiency of the OPLS-DA model when classifying all samples considered as belonging to the class of interest (urine from control patient) into class 1 and all samples considered as belonging to the non-interest class (urine from patients with prostate cancer) in class 0. This efficiency resulting from the application of this model suggests that the PSI-MS combined to OPLS-DA is a promisor approach for a rapid diagnosis of prostate cancer, via chemical fingerprints of urine samples. OPLSDA OPLS DA SAMPLES study PSIMS PSI MS (PSI-MS structurediscrimination structure discrimination (OPLS-DA without cancer. . sensitivity specificity Matthews Matthew s means respectively negatives 100 set patient noninterest non 0 10

Bredemeyera Willd. is a genus of the Polygalaceae family, occurring in Brazil. This research aims to evaluate the phytochemical and antifungal potential, in vitro and in silico, of Bredemeyera brevifolia extracts. The identification of fatty acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and their quantification by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector showed that palmitic (36.55 mg g−1), margaric (3.66 mg g−1), linolelaidic (108.82 mg g−1), oleic (7.86 mg g−1), stearic (41.11 mg g−1), dihomo-γ-linolenic (85.48 mg g−1), and arachidic (209.00 mg g−1) acids are present in the hexane extract. From the chloroform extract, 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone was isolated and identified. The minimum inhibitory concentration assay with methanolic extract demonstrated antifungal activity against species of the genus Candida, Sporothrix, and Trichophyton for up to 96 h, with values ranging from 64-1024 μg mL−1. The in silico study with the chemical compounds of this species showed fungal inhibition potential of sterol-14-α-demethylase, highlighting 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone, which presented an affinity energy of -8.8 kcal mol−1, greater than that observed for fluconazole (−8.3 kcal mol−1). The fatty acids interacted with the active site of the enzyme but presented energies ≥ −7.4 kcal mol−1. Compounds isolated from this species have pharmacokinetic potential for the development of pharmaceutical formulations. Willd family Brazil extracts chromatographymass chromatography mass chromatographyflame flame 36.55 3655 36 55 (36.5 g−1, g1 g g−1 , 1 3.66 366 3 66 (3.6 108.82 10882 108 82 (108.8 7.86 786 7 86 (7.8 41.11 4111 41 11 (41.1 dihomoγlinolenic dihomo γ linolenic 85.48 8548 85 48 (85.4 209.00 20900 209 00 (209.0 1hydroxy3,7dimethoxyxanthone 1hydroxy37dimethoxyxanthone hydroxydimethoxyxanthone hydroxy 3,7 dimethoxyxanthone identified Candida Sporothrix 9 h 641024 64 1024 64-102 mL1 mL mL−1 sterol14αdemethylase, sterol14αdemethylase sterolαdemethylase sterol 14 α demethylase, demethylase sterol-14-α-demethylase 1hydroxy3,7dimethoxyxanthone, dimethoxyxanthone, 8.8 88 8 -8. mol1 mol mol−1 −8.3 83 (−8. . mol−1) 74 4 −7. formulations 36.5 365 5 (36. g− 3.6 6 (3. 108.8 1088 10 (108. 7.8 78 (7. 41.1 411 (41. 85.4 854 (85. 209.0 2090 20 0 (209. 1hydroxy3 7dimethoxyxanthone 37 3, 64102 102 64-10 mL− αdemethylase 8. -8 mol− −8. (−8 −7 36. (36 3. (3 108. (108 7. (7 41. (41 85. (85 209. 2 (209 1hydroxy 6410 64-1 - −8 (− − ( (10 (4 (8 (20 641 64- (1 (2

RESUMO Devido às importantes funções do cálcio na fisiologia vegetal, a suplementação deste nutriente pode ser uma estratégia viável para aumentar a tolerância das plantas à salinidade. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as trocas gasosas e o crescimento de cultivares de rúcula de folhas largas cultivadas em fibra de coco submetidas ao estresse salino. Quatro soluções nutritivas [(S1-solução nutritiva padrão (condutividade elétrica da água - CEa de 0,5 dS m-1; S2- solução nutritiva utilizando água salina com NaCl a 3,5 dS m-1; S3-S2 enriquecida com Ca(NO3)2 a 50%; S4-S2 enriquecido com Ca(NO3)2 a 100%, obtendo valores de 2,3, 5,1, 5,5 e 5,9 dS m-1, para S1, S2, S3 e S4, respectivamente], e duas cultivares de rúcula. (Donatella e Gigante Folha Larga), dispostas em esquema fatorial 2 × 4, com três repetições, foram estudadas. As plantas foram colhidas 40 dias após a semeadura e avaliadas quanto às seguintes variáveis: altura de planta, número de folhas, área foliar, massa fresca total, massa seca total, área foliar específica, suculência foliar, índice relativo de clorofila, condutância estomática, taxa de assimilação de CO2, taxa de transpiração, concentração interna de CO2 e eficiência instantânea do uso da água e eficiência intrínseca de carboxilação. A cultivar Gigante Folha Larga foi mais tolerante à salinidade da solução nutritiva. O uso de solução nutritiva salinizada afetou negativamente o crescimento e a fisiologia da rúcula, mas a adição extra de Ca(NO3)2 reduziu os efeitos nocivos da salinidade. Recomenda-se adição extra de 50% de Ca(NO3)2 na solução nutritiva para reduzir o efeito do estresse salino. vegetal Assim salino S1solução Ssolução S1 S condutividade 05 0 5 0, m1 m 1 m-1 S2 35 3 3, S3S2 SS S3-S CaNO32 CaNO Ca NO3 NO Ca(NO3) 50 S4S2 S4 S4-S 100 100% 23 2,3 51 5,1 55 5, 59 9 m1, 1, respectivamente, respectivamente , respectivamente] Donatella Larga, Larga) 4 repetições estudadas variáveis planta total específica clorofila estomática CO transpiração carboxilação Recomendase Recomenda se m- S3S CaNO3 Ca(NO3 S4S 10 2, Ca(NO

ABSTRACT Due to the important functions of calcium in plant physiology, supplementation of this nutrient may be a viable strategy to increase the tolerance of plants to salinity. Thus, the objective in this study was to evaluate the gas exchange and growth of broad-leaf arugula cultivars cultivated in coconut fiber subjected to salt stress. Four nutrient solutions [(S1 - standard nutrient solution (electrical conductivity of water - ECw of 0.5 dS m-1; S2 - nutrient solution using saline water with NaCl at 3.5 dS m-1; S3 - S2 enriched with Ca(NO3)2 at 50%; S4 - S2 enriched with Ca(NO3)2 at 100%, obtaining values of 2.3, 5.1, 5.5, and 5.9 dS m-1, for S1, S2, S3, and S4, respectively], and two cultivars of arugula (Donatella and Gigante Folha Larga), arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme, with three replicates, were studied. Plants were harvested 40 days after sowing and evaluated for the following variables: plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, total fresh mass, total dry mass, specific leaf area, leaf succulence, relative chlorophyll index, stomatal conductance, CO2 assimilation rate, transpiration rate, internal CO2 concentration, instantaneous water use efficiency, and intrinsic carboxylation efficiency. The cultivar Gigante Folha Larga was more tolerant to salinity of nutrient solution. The use of salinized nutrient solution negatively affected arugula growth and physiology, but the extra addition of Ca(NO3)2 reduced the harmful effects of salinity. Extra addition of 50% of Ca(NO3)2 in the nutrient solution is recommended to reduce the effect of salt stress. physiology Thus broadleaf broad stress S1 S [(S electrical 05 0 5 0. m1 m 1 m-1 35 3 3. CaNO32 CaNO Ca NO3 NO Ca(NO3) 50 100 100% 23 2.3 51 5.1 55 5.5 59 9 5. m1, 1, respectively, respectively , respectively] Donatella Larga, Larga) scheme replicates studied variables height leaves area mass succulence index conductance CO rate concentration efficiency m- CaNO3 Ca(NO3 10 2. Ca(NO

RESUMO A mamoneira é uma cultura conhecida como tolerante à seca, contudo, assim como outras culturas, apresenta reduções na produtividade sob condições de baixa disponibilidade hídrica. Sendo assim, o objetivo com o presente estudo foi avaliar as trocas gasosas foliares, os índices de clorofila e a produtividade de cultivares de mamoneira submetidas a dois ambientes hídricos contrastantes no semiárido baiano. Doze cultivares de mamona foram plantadas em parcela subdividida em blocos casualizados, onde na parcela foi alocado os ambientes hídricos contrastante, o ambiente 1 foi composto por irrigação próxima a capacidade de campo e o ambiente 2 com cerca de 30% da capacidade de campo. Foram avaliadas a produtividade, trocas gasosas foliares e teores de clorofila. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas por meio da análise bayesiana com uma variante da Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) para a obtenção das cadeias ocultas de Markov via Monte Carlo (MCMC). As MCMC foram convergentes e bem misturadas. No ambiente 2 as cultivares EBDA MPA 34, EBDA 17 e IAC 2028 apresentaram produtividade acima de 1.700 kg ha-1. A cultivar IAC 226 apresentou um aumento de 9,98% em sua produtividade no ambiente 2. Já as cultivares EBDA MPA 34, IAC 2028, IAC 226 e EBDA 17 são recomendadas aos programas de melhoramento da cultura como genitores promissores para estudos em condições de baixa disponibilidade hídrica. As cultivares EBDA MPA 11 e BRS Paraguaçu apresentam alta produtividade nos dois ambientes sendo indicadas ao cultivo por serem responsivas ao aumento da disponibilidade hídrica. seca contudo culturas hídrica baiano casualizados contrastante 30 HMC (HMC MCMC. . (MCMC) misturadas 34 202 1700 700 1.70 ha1. ha1 ha 1. ha-1 22 998 9 98 9,98 3 (MCMC 20 170 70 1.7 ha- 99 9,9 7 9,

ABSTRACT Castor bean is a crop known to be drought tolerant, but like other crops, it shows reductions in yield under conditions of low water availability. Therefore, the objective whit this study was to evaluate leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll indices and yield of castor bean cultivars subjected to two contrasting water environments in the semi-arid region of Bahia, Brazil. Twelve castor bean cultivars were planted in a split-plot randomized block design, with the plot allocated to the contrasting water environments. Environment 1 was composed of irrigation close to field capacity, and environment 2 had about 30% of field capacity. Yield, leaf gas exchange, and chlorophyll content were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using Bayesian analysis with a variant of Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) to obtain Markov chains via Monte Carlo (MCMC). The MCMC were convergent and well mixed. In environment 2, the cultivars EBDA MPA 34, EBDA 17, and IAC 2028 showed yield above 1,700 kg ha-1. Cultivar IAC 226 showed an increase of 9.98% in its yield in environment 2. Therefore, cultivars EBDA MPA 34, IAC 2028, IAC 226, and EBDA 17 are recommended to castor bean breeding programs as promising parents for studies under conditions of low water availability. Cultivars EBDA MPA 11 and BRS Paraguaçu showed high yield in both environments and are recommended for cultivation because they are responsive to the increase in water availability. tolerant crops availability Therefore exchange semiarid semi arid Bahia Brazil splitplot split design capacity 30 Yield evaluated HMC (HMC MCMC. . (MCMC) mixed 34 202 1700 700 1,70 ha1. ha1 ha 1. ha-1 22 998 9 98 9.98 3 (MCMC 20 170 70 1,7 ha- 99 9.9 7 1, 9.

RESUMO O aporte de resíduos vegetais ao longo dos ciclos da cana-de-açúcar favorece o incremento de matéria orgânica e atividade de microrganismos no solo, especialmente nas camadas superficiais. A textura do solo também tem um efeito importante nos processos ecológicos e na qualidade do solo. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar atributos biológicos do solo em diferentes ciclos de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar sob colheita mecanizada, em um Latossolo da região de cerrado do Brasil Central. O estudo foi realizado em áreas comerciais de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar na safra 2018/2019, consideradas homogêneas em termos de condições edafoclimáticas, tendo como fonte de variação entre as áreas os ciclos de cultivo (C1: um ciclo de cultivo; C3: três ciclos de cultivo; C7: sete ciclos de cultivo) e uma área de vegetação de cerrado selecionada como referência. Foram determinadas variáveis microbiológicas nas camadas de 0-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m. As variáveis relacionados à biomassa microbiana e textura foram submetidos à análise de componentes principais. Áreas com ciclos de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar mais longos apresentaram maior proporção de carbono da biomassa microbiana no carbono orgânico total nas camadas subterrâneas (quociente microbiano). O desempenho da comunidade microbiana do solo, expresso pelos indicadores carbono orgânico total e nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana foi associado à maior presença de argila e silte, ou seja, partículas de solo menores que 0,02 mm. canadeaçúcar cana açúcar superficiais sentido mecanizada Central 20182019 2018 2019 2018/2019 edafoclimáticas C1 C (C1 C3 C7 referência 00,10 0010 0 0,10 10 0-0,1 0,100,20 010020 0,20 20 0,10-0,2 m principais quociente microbiano. microbiano . microbiano) silte seja 002 02 0,0 mm 2018201 201 2018/201 (C 00 00,1 001 010 0,1 1 0-0, 100 0,100,2 01002 020 0,2 2 0,10-0, 0, 201820 2018/20 00, 01 0-0 0,100, 0100 0,10-0 20182 2018/2 0- 0,100 0,10- 2018/

ABSTRACT The contribution of plant residues throughout the sugarcane cycles favors the increase of organic matter and the activity of microorganisms in the soil, especially in the surface layers. Soil texture also has an important effect on ecological processes and soil quality. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate soil biological attributes in different sugarcane cultivation cycles under mechanized harvesting in an Oxisol in the Savanna region of Central Brazil. The study was conducted in commercial areas under sugarcane cultivation during the 2018/2019 season, which were considered homogeneous in terms of soil and climatic conditions, with the source of variation among the areas being the cultivation cycles (C1: one cultivation cycle; C3: three cultivation cycles; C7: seven cultivation cycles) and a savanna vegetation area selected as a reference. Microbiological variables were determined in two layers, 0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m. The variables related to microbial biomass and texture were subjected to principal component analysis. Areas with longer sugarcane cultivation cycles show higher proportion of microbial biomass carbon in the total organic carbon in subsurface layers (microbial quotient). The performance of the soil microbial community, as expressed by total organic carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen indicators, was associated with higher presence of clay and silt, i.e., soil particles smaller than 0.02 mm. quality context Brazil 20182019 2018 2019 2018/201 season conditions C1 C (C1 cycle C3 C7 reference 00.1 001 0 0.1 1 0-0. 0.10.2 0102 0.2 2 0.1-0. m analysis quotient. quotient . quotient) community indicators silt ie i e i.e. 002 02 0.0 mm 2018201 201 2018/20 (C 00 00. 01 0. 0-0 10 0.10. 010 0.1-0 i.e 201820 20 2018/2 0- 0.10 0.1- 20182 2018/

RESUMO A utilização de mudas enxertadas e tolerantes ao alumínio pode ser uma estratégia para viabilizar o cultivo do cajueiro-anão (Anacardium occidentale L.) em regiões com predomínio de solos com reação ácida e altas concentrações de alumínio trocável. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se avaliar a influência da enxertia em genótipos de cajueiro-anão cultivados na presença de alumínio. Para isso, o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 × 2 × 2, com mudas de cajueiro-anão de três genótipos (‘CCP 06’, ‘CCP 09’, e ‘CCP 76’) e dois tipos de muda (pé-franco e auto-enxertada), cultivadas na ausência e presença de alumínio (30 mg L-1), com seis repetições. Cento e dez dias após o início da aplicação do alumínio as plantas foram avaliadas quanto ao crescimento, matéria seca e acúmulo de nutrientes e alumínio (na parte aérea e nas raízes). O alumínio causou reduções na altura (25,8%), diâmetro do caule (6,7%), número de folhas (43,3%), área foliar (46,3%), massa seca do caule (29,8%) e massa seca da parte aérea (37,0%) do cajueiro-anão. A aplicação de 30 mg L-1 de alumínio incrementou o acúmulo do Al nas raízes e, como consequência, reduziu o de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe e Zn na parte aérea e nas raízes. O cajueiro-anão acumula maior quantidade de Mn nas folhas e menor nas raízes, de maneira inversa ao que acontece com o Al. O alumínio limita o crescimento e o acúmulo de nutrientes nos clones ‘CCP 06’, ‘CCP 09’, e ‘CCP 76’, entretanto, a utilização de mudas enxertadas aumenta a tolerância da planta ao elemento. cajueiroanão cajueiro anão Anacardium L. L trocável sentido objetivouse objetivou se isso CCP 06, 06 , 06’ 09, 09 09’ 76 76’ péfranco pé franco autoenxertada, autoenxertada auto enxertada auto-enxertada) (3 L1, L1 1 L-1) repetições . raízes) 25,8%, 258 25,8% 25 8 (25,8%) 6,7%, 67 6,7% 6 7 (6,7%) 43,3%, 433 43,3% 43 (43,3%) 46,3%, 463 46,3% 46 (46,3%) 29,8% 298 29 (29,8% 37,0% 370 37 0 (37,0% cajueiroanão. anão. L- consequência N P K Ca Mg S Cu 76, entretanto elemento auto-enxertada ( 25,8 (25,8% 6,7 (6,7% 43,3 4 (43,3% 46,3 (46,3% 29,8 (29,8 37,0 (37,0 25, (25,8 6, (6,7 43, (43,3 46, (46,3 29, (29, 37, (37, (25, (6, (43, (46, (29 (37 (25 (6 (43 (46 (2 (4

ABSTRACT Using grafted and aluminum (Al) tolerant seedlings can be a strategy to enable the cultivation of dwarf cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) in regions with predominance of soils with acidic reaction and high concentrations of exchangeable Al. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the influence of grafting on dwarf cashew genotypes cultivated in the presence of Al. For this, the experimental design was completely randomized in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial scheme, with seedlings of three dwarf cashew genotypes (‘CCP 06’, ‘CCP 09’, and ‘CCP 76’) and two types of seedlings (ungrafted and self-grafted), cultivated in the absence and presence of Al (30 mg L-1), with six replicates. One hundred and ten days after the beginning of Al application, the seedlings were evaluated for growth, dry matter and accumulation of nutrients and Al (in shoots and roots). Al caused reductions in the height (25.8%), stem diameter (6.7%), number of leaves (43.3%), leaf area (46.3%), stem dry matter (29.8%), and shoot dry matter (37.0%) of dwarf cashew. Application of 30 mg L-1 of Al increased the accumulation of Al in the roots and, as a consequence, reduced the accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe and Zn in the shoots and roots. Dwarf cashew accumulates greater amount of Mn in the leaves and smaller amount in the roots, contrary to what occurs with Al. Al limits growth and nutrient accumulation in the clones ‘CCP 06’, ‘CCP 09’, and ‘CCP 76’; however, the use of grafted seedlings increases the tolerance of the plants to this element. (Al Anacardium L. L context scheme CCP 06, 06 , 06’ 09, 09 09’ 76 76’ ungrafted selfgrafted, selfgrafted self self-grafted) (3 L1, L1 1 L-1) replicates application . roots) 25.8%, 258 25.8% 25 8 (25.8%) 6.7%, 67 6.7% 6 7 (6.7%) 43.3%, 433 43.3% 43 (43.3%) 46.3%, 463 46.3% 46 (46.3%) 29.8%, 298 29.8% 29 (29.8%) 37.0% 370 37 0 (37.0% L- consequence N P K Ca Mg S Cu however element self-grafted ( 25.8 (25.8% 6.7 (6.7% 43.3 4 (43.3% 46.3 (46.3% 29.8 (29.8% 37.0 (37.0 25. (25.8 6. (6.7 43. (43.3 46. (46.3 29. (29.8 37. (37. (25. (6. (43. (46. (29. (37 (25 (6 (43 (46 (29 (2 (4

Resumen Kombucha es una biopelícula compuesta por un cultivo simbiótico de bacterias y levaduras, conocido como SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast). El SCOBY sufre procesos de deterioro y pérdida de atributos nutricionales, bioactivos y sensoriales, lo que impacta negativamente en su vida útil. Estas pérdidas pueden evitarse mediante métodos de secado, que ayudan a prolongar la vida útil y conservar los compuestos de acción de sus constituyentes. El objetivo de este estudio fue someter y evaluar Kombucha SCOBY a las técnicas de deshidratación por calor y liofilización. Los análisis incluyeron pH, sólidos solubles totales, acidez titulable total, turbidez, contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales, actividad antioxidante, evaluación microbiológica y pruebas de toxicidad in vivo. Todos los análisis fueron evaluados estadísticamente a un nivel de probabilidad del 5%, utilizando el software SAS. Tanto las bebidas de Kombucha como los productos secos exhibieron cantidades considerables de compuestos fenólicos y actividad antioxidante. Los recuentos de microorganismos oscilaron entre 104 y 108 CFU.ml-1 para bebidas y productos desarrollados. En las pruebas in vivo con Caenorhabditis elegans, no se observó un aumento en la mortalidad y los gusanos alimentados con los productos fermentados mostraron un mayor crecimiento. Por lo tanto, este estudio concluye que la producción de formas deshidratadas y liofilizadas de productos a base de Kombucha es un campo de investigación prometedor y ventajoso para la salud humana.

Abstract Kombucha is a biofilm composed of a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast, known as SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast). The SCOBY undergoes deterioration processes and loss of nutritional, bioactive and sensory attributes, which negatively impacts its shelf life. These losses can be avoided by drying methods, which help to extend shelf life and preserve the action compounds of its constituents. The objective of this study was to subject and evaluate Kombucha SCOBY to drying techniques by heat dehydration and freeze-drying. Analyses included pH, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, turbidity, total phenolic compound content, antioxidant activity, microbiological assessment, and toxicity in vivo testing. All analyses were statistically evaluated at a 5% probability level, using SAS software. Both Kombucha beverages and dry products exhibited considerable amounts of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Microorganism counts ranged from 104 to 108 CFU.ml-1 for developed beverages and products. In In vivo tests with Caenorhabditis elegans, no increase in mortality was observed, and worms fed with the fermented products showed enhanced growth. Thus, this study concludes that producing dehydrated and freeze-dried forms of Kombucha-based products is a promising and advantageous field of researchfor human health.

RESUMO A correlação canônica é usada para correlacionar grupos de variáveis distintas. O objetivo deste estudo foi utilizar análise de correlação canônica para avaliar a interação entre atributos de qualidade da água causadores de entupimento e o desempenho hidráulico de gotejadores não autocompensantes operando com diluições de efluente de aquicultura em água de poço. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, com três repetições, com cinco diluições nas parcelas (Diluição 1: 100% de efluente de aquicultura; Diluição 2: 75% de efluente de aquicultura + 25% de água de poço; Diluição 3 : 50% efluente de aquicultura + 50% água de poço; Diluição 4: 25% efluente de aquicultura + 75% água de poço; e Diluição 5: 100% água de poço), três emissores nas subparcelas (ST (1,6 L h-1) , SL (1,6 L h-1) e NJ (1,7 L h-1)), e três tempos de operação nas subsubparcelas (início do experimento, 80 e 160 horas, em que 0 horas de operação significa o início das avaliações). As análises estatísticas realizadas foram matriz de correlação e análise canônica. A análise de correlação canônica indicou que quando as concentrações dos atributos aumentam, o desempenho hidráulico dos gotejadores diminui. A interação desse grupo de atributos indica que o entupimento dos gotejadores que operam com as cinco diluições de efluente de aquicultura em água de poço ocorre pela ação combinada de agentes físicos, químicos e biológicos. O gotejador ST foi o menos sensível ao grupo de atributos de qualidade das diluições, enquanto o mais sensível foi o gotejador SL. distintas casualizado subsubdivididas repetições 1 100 2 75 25 50 4 5 poço, poço) 1,6 16 6 (1, h1 h h-1 1,7 17 7 h1, h-1)) 8 avaliações. avaliações . avaliações) aumentam diminui físicos biológicos 10 1, (1 h- (

ABSTRACT The canonical correlation is used to correlate groups of distinct variables. The objective of this study was to use canonical correlation analysis to evaluate the interaction between water quality attributes clogging-causing and the hydraulic performance of non-pressure compensating drippers operating with dilutions of aquaculture effluent in well water. The experiment was in a completely randomized design in a split-split-plot scheme with three replicates, with five dilutions in the plots (Dilution 1: 100% aquaculture effluent; Dilution 2: 75% aquaculture effluent + 25% well water; Dilution 3: 50% aquaculture effluent + 50% well water; Dilution 4: 25% aquaculture effluent + 75% well water; and Dilution 5: 100% well water), three emitters in the sub-plots (ST (1.6 L h-1), SL (1.6 L h-1) and NJ (1.7 L h-1)), and three operating times in the sub-subplots (0, 80 and 160 hours, in which 0 hours operating time means the start of evaluations). The statistical analyses performed were correlation matrix and canonical analysis. The canonical correlation analysis indicated that when the concentrations of attributes increase, the hydraulic performance of the drippers decreases. The interaction of this group of attributes indicates that the clogging of drippers operating with the five dilutions of aquaculture effluent in well water occurs by the combined action of physical, chemical, and biological agents. The ST dripper was the least sensitive to the group of quality attributes of the dilutions, whereas the most sensitive was the SL dripper. variables cloggingcausing causing nonpressure non pressure splitsplitplot split plot replicates 1 100 2 75 25 3 50 4 5 water, , water) subplots sub 1.6 16 6 (1. h1, h1 h h-1 1.7 17 7 h-1)) subsubplots 0, (0 8 evaluations. evaluations . evaluations) increase decreases physical chemical agents 10 1. (1 h- (

RESUMO As características climáticas comuns em regiões semiáridas podem causar estresse abiótico e ser um fator limitante ao cultivo agrícola. Nessas condições, o uso de elementos benéficos como o selênio (Se) é uma alternativa para mitigar os efeitos deletérios dos estresses abióticos e aumentar a produtividade. Portanto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho agronômico da cebola cultivada em região semiárida sob aplicação de Se. Foi conduzido um experimento de campo, delineado em blocos casualizados completos, onde foram testadas cinco doses de Se (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 g ha-1), por aplicação foliar, em dois híbridos de cebola (Andrômeda e Rio das Antas). Foram analisadas variáveis de crescimento, nutricional e produtividade. O Se aumentou a altura e o acúmulo de massa seca em plantas de cebola, com máxima na dose 60 g ha-1 de Se, mesma dose em que foi obtida a maior produtividade comercial (78,15 t ha-1) e total (86,03 t ha-1) de bulbos em Rio das Antas, todavia, para Andrômeda, não ocorreu efeito do Se sobre a produtividade. As doses de Se também aumentaram o teor desse elemento nos bulbos. Apesar de aumentar a produtividade de bulbos apenas em Rio das Antas, recomenda-se a aplicação de 60 g ha-1 de Se em cebola devido aos efeitos no crescimento da planta e na biofortificação dos bulbos com Se. agrícola condições (Se Portanto campo completos 0, 0 (0 15 30 4 6 ha1, ha1 ha 1 , foliar Andrômeda Antas. Antas . Antas) ha- 78,15 7815 78 (78,1 86,03 8603 86 03 (86,0 todavia recomendase recomenda se ( 3 78,1 781 7 (78, 86,0 860 8 (86, 78, (78 86, (86 (7 (8

ABSTRACT The common climatic characteristics in semi-arid regions can cause abiotic stress and be a limiting factor for crops. Under these conditions, the use of beneficial elements such as selenium (Se) is an alternative to mitigate the harmful effects of abiotic stresses and increase yield. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of onion grown in a semi-arid region under the application of Se. A field experiment was performed in a randomized block design, where five doses of Se (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 g ha-1), by foliar application, were tested on two onion hybrids (Andrômeda and Rio das Antas). Growth, nutritional and yield variables were analyzed. Se increased the height and accumulation of dry mass in onion plants, with a maximum at the 60 g ha-1 dose of Se, the same dose at which the highest commercial (78.15 t ha-1) and total (86.03 t ha-1) bulb yields were obtained in Rio das Antas; however, for Andrômeda, there was no effect of Se on yield. Applied Se doses also increased the content of this element in the bulbs. Despite increasing bulb yields only in the Rio das Antas hybrid, 60 g ha-1 of Se is recommended for onions due to its effects on plant growth and the biofortification of bulbs with Se. semiarid semi arid crops conditions (Se Therefore design 0, 0 (0 15 30 45 6 ha1, ha1 ha 1 , Andrômeda Antas. . Antas) Growth analyzed plants ha- 78.15 7815 78 (78.1 86.03 8603 86 03 (86.0 however hybrid ( 3 4 78.1 781 7 (78. 86.0 860 8 (86. 78. (78 86. (86 (7 (8

RESUMO Diversas tecnologias vêm sendo implementadas para melhorar o desempenho das plantas em cultivos irrigados e uma delas é o uso de nanobioestimulantes. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos da aplicação de diferentes concentrações de bioestimulante à base de carbono na morfofisiologia de plantas de feijão-caupi submetidas a diferentes condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2 × 6, com duas condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação (CEa: 0,35 e 4,0 dS m-1) e seis concentrações do nanobioestimulante aplicadas via foliar (0, 80, 160, 240, 320 e 400 mg L-1), com quatro repetições. Variáveis de crescimento e de trocas gasosas foram avaliadas 31 dias após a semeadura (estádio V9). Concentrações entre 240 e 320 mg L-1 do nanobioestimulante de carbono proporcionaram maiores incrementos no crescimento e nas variáveis fisiológicas, no entanto, causaram decréscimos no quenching não-fotoquímico. A condutividade elétrica da água de 4,0 dS m-1 reduziu número de folhas (17,1%), diâmetro do caule (10,0%), índice SPAD (10,3%), fotossíntese líquida (10,9%), condutância estomática (46,4%), transpiração (34,5%), eficiência instantânea de carboxilação (22,4%), quenching fotoquímico (4,5%); em contraste, aumentou razão entre concentração interna e ambiente de CO2 (18,0%), temperatura foliar (2,9%), eficiência do uso da água (32,5%) e quenching não-fotoquímico (12,4%). As concentrações de 240 a 320 mg L-1 do nanobioestimulante potencializam o desenvolvimento e as trocas gasosas do feijão-caupi em condições sem estresse, enquanto que a concentração de 240 mg L-1 promove aumento máximo de altura de plantas sob salinidade. nanobioestimulantes Assim feijãocaupi feijão caupi casualizado 6 CEa (CEa 035 0 35 0,3 40 4 4, m1 m 1 0, (0 80 160 32 L1, L1 L , L-1) repetições 3 estádio V9. V9 V . V9) 24 L- fisiológicas entanto nãofotoquímico. nãofotoquímico não fotoquímico. m- 17,1%, 171 17,1% 17 (17,1%) 10,0%, 100 10,0% 10 (10,0%) 10,3%, 103 10,3% (10,3%) 10,9%, 109 10,9% 9 (10,9%) 46,4%, 464 46,4% 46 (46,4%) 34,5%, 345 34,5% 34 5 (34,5%) 22,4%, 224 22,4% 22 (22,4%) 4,5% 45 (4,5%) contraste CO 18,0%, 180 18,0% 18 (18,0%) 2,9%, 29 2,9% (2,9%) 32,5% 325 (32,5% 12,4%. 124 12,4% 12 (12,4%) estresse salinidade 03 ( 8 16 17,1 (17,1% 10,0 (10,0% 10,3 (10,3% 10,9 (10,9% 46,4 (46,4% 34,5 (34,5% 22,4 (22,4% 4,5 (4,5% 18,0 (18,0% 2,9 (2,9% 32,5 (32,5 12,4 (12,4% 17, (17,1 10, (10,0 (10,3 (10,9 46, (46,4 34, (34,5 22, (22,4 (4,5 18, (18,0 2, (2,9 32, (32, 12, (12,4 (17, (10, (46, (34, (22, (4, (18, (2, (32 (12, (17 (10 (46 (34 (22 (4 (18 (2 (3 (12 (1

ABSTRACT Several technologies have been implemented to improve plant performance in irrigated crops, and one of them is the use of nanobiostimulants. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the effects of applying different concentrations of a carbon-based biostimulant on the morphophysiology of cowpea plants subjected to varying electrical conductivities of irrigation water. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design, in a 2 × 6 factorial scheme, with two electrical conductivities of irrigation water (ECw: 0.35 and 4.0 dS m-1) and six concentrations of nanobiostimulant applied through the leaves (0, 80, 160, 240, 320, and 400 mg L-1), with four replications. Growth and gas exchange variables were evaluated 31 days after sowing (V9 stage). Concentrations between 240 and 320 mg L-1 of carbon-based nanobiostimulant promoted greater increases in growth and physiological variables, but they caused decreases in non-photochemical quenching. Water electrical conductivity of 4.0 dS m-1 reduced the number of leaves (17.1%), stem diameter (10.0%), SPAD index (10.3%), net photosynthesis (10.9%), stomatal conductance (46.4%), transpiration (34.5%), instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (22.4%), and photochemical quenching (4.5%); in contrast, it increased the ratio between internal and ambient CO2 concentration (18.0%), leaf temperature (2.9%), water use efficiency (32.5%), and non-photochemical quenching (12.4%). Concentrations of 240 to 320 mg L-1 of the nanobiostimulant enhance the development and gas exchange of cowpea plants under non-stress conditions, whereas the concentration of 240 mg L-1 promotes the maximum increase in plant height under salinity. crops nanobiostimulants Therefore carbonbased carbon based design scheme ECw (ECw 035 0 35 0.3 40 4 4. m1 m 1 0, (0 80 160 L1, L1 L , L-1) replications 3 V9 V (V stage. stage . stage) 24 32 L- nonphotochemical non m- 17.1%, 171 17.1% 17 (17.1%) 10.0%, 100 10.0% 10 (10.0%) 10.3%, 103 10.3% (10.3%) 10.9%, 109 10.9% 9 (10.9%) 46.4%, 464 46.4% 46 (46.4%) 34.5%, 345 34.5% 34 5 (34.5%) 22.4%, 224 22.4% 22 (22.4%) 4.5% 45 (4.5%) contrast CO 18.0%, 180 18.0% 18 (18.0%) 2.9%, 29 2.9% (2.9%) 32.5%, 325 32.5% (32.5%) 12.4%. 124 12.4% 12 (12.4%) nonstress stress conditions salinity 03 0. ( 8 16 17.1 (17.1% 10.0 (10.0% 10.3 (10.3% 10.9 (10.9% 46.4 (46.4% 34.5 (34.5% 22.4 (22.4% 4.5 (4.5% 18.0 (18.0% 2.9 (2.9% 32.5 (32.5% 12.4 (12.4% 17. (17.1 10. (10.0 (10.3 (10.9 46. (46.4 34. (34.5 22. (22.4 (4.5 18. (18.0 2. (2.9 32. (32.5 12. (12.4 (17. (10. (46. (34. (22. (4. (18. (2. (32. (12. (17 (10 (46 (34 (22 (4 (18 (2 (32 (12 (1 (3

RESUMO O amendoim (Arachis hypogaea) é uma importante cultura agrícola no Brasil, considerada uma das mais importantes oleaginosas cultivadas. O uso de bactérias solubilizadoras de fertilizantes pode mitigar o estresse salino. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as trocas gasosas, o crescimento e a eficiência do uso da água da cultura do amendoim irrigado com água salobra sob adubação fosfatada e inoculada com bactérias do gênero Bacillus sp. O delineamento experimental utilizado neste estudo foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 × 2 × 2, com 5 repetições, referente às formas de adubação (F1 - 0% fósforo, F2 - 50% fósforo, F3 - 100% fósforo e F4 - bovino biofertilizante), presença e ausência do inoculante e dois níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (CEa - 0.3 e 4.0 dS m-1). As adubações com fertilizante orgânico (100% de biofertilizante) e mineral (50 e 100% de fósforo) associada a Bacillus sp. mitigou os danos causados pelo estresse salino e proporcionou maior eficiência no uso da água, índice de clorofila, concentração interna de CO2 e diâmetro do caule. O tratamento controle (sem adubação fosfatada e sem estresse salino) e a aplicação de Bacillus sp., promoveu maior desempenho na fotossíntese líquida, taxa de transpiração, condutância estomática e altura das plantas em plantas de amendoim. Arachis hypogaea Brasil cultivadas gasosas sp casualizado repetições F1 F (F 0 50 100 biofertilizante, biofertilizante , CEa 03 3 0. 40 4. m1. m1 m 1 . m-1) (100 (5 clorofila CO caule líquida transpiração 10 m-1 (10 ( m- (1

ABSTRACT Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is an important agricultural crop in Brazil, considered one of the most important oilseed crops cultivated. The use of fertilizer-solubilizing bacteria can mitigate salt stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the gas exchange, growth, and water use efficiency of the peanut crop irrigated with brackish water under phosphate fertilization and inoculated with bacteria of the genus Bacillus sp. The experimental design used in this study was completely randomized, in a 4 × 2 × 2 factorial scheme, with 5 replicates, referring to the forms of fertilization (F1 - 0% phosphorus, F2 - 50% phosphorus, F3 - 100% phosphorus, and F4 - bovine biofertilizer), presence and absence of the inoculant and two levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (ECw - 0.3 and 4.0 dS m-1). Fertilization with organic fertilizer (100% biofertilizer) and mineral fertilizer (50 and 100% phosphorus) associated with Bacillus sp. mitigated the damage caused by salt stress and promoted greater water use efficiency, chlorophyll index, internal CO2 concentration and stem diameter. The control treatment (without phosphate fertilization and without salt stress) and the application of Bacillus sp. promoted greater performance in net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and plant height in peanut plants. Arachis hypogaea Brazil cultivated fertilizersolubilizing solubilizing exchange growth sp randomized scheme replicates F1 F (F 0 phosphorus 50 100 biofertilizer, biofertilizer , ECw 03 3 0. 40 4. m1. m1 m 1 . m-1) (100 (5 index CO diameter photosynthesis rate conductance plants 10 m-1 (10 ( m- (1